Wheat root-water synergistic efficient utilization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a wheat root-water synergetic efficient utilization method, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture, the method guides wheat seedling zone drip irrigation according to a root-water synergetic index, and the calculation formula of the root-water synergetic index is as follows: in the formula, RWSI is the root-water synergetic index, RLD = root length / soil volume, and the RWSI is the root-water synergetic index. SWD = (volumetric water content before sowing-current volumetric water content) * 10 * soil layer depth, TolRLD is the total root length density of 0-40cm, and TolSWD is the total water consumption of 0-40cm. The drip irrigation control method comprises the following steps: controlling the drip irrigation speed, so that a root-water synergistic index value of a soil layer of 0-40cm of a seedling zone is between 1.1 and 1.5, the method realizes efficient utilization of soil moisture in a wheat root zone, and the yield of the wheat root zone is improved. The method has important significance on wheat planting, irrigation water saving and water resource utilization efficiency improvement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular relates to a method for efficient utilization of wheat roots and water. Background Technology

[0002] As the direct absorbers of soil moisture, the spatial configuration and physiological activity of roots are crucial for water use. Soil moisture distribution significantly influences root water uptake. Drip irrigation, a recognized water-saving irrigation method, can significantly affect soil moisture distribution through different seedbed-drip tape configurations. By creating an uneven distribution (heterogeneity) of root zone moisture through drip irrigation and shaping root characteristics conducive to efficient water use, water use efficiency can be significantly improved, promoting water-saving and high-yield wheat production.

[0003] The control of water by the root system is very important in wheat cultivation. How to control the drip irrigation speed to meet the normal growth needs of wheat while fully conserving water resources and improving water resource utilization efficiency is of great significance for large-scale wheat cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention discloses a method for efficient utilization of wheat roots and water.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for efficient root-water synergistic utilization in wheat, wherein the method guides drip irrigation of wheat seedlings based on a root-water synergistic index, and the formula for calculating the root-water synergistic index is as follows: In the formula, RWSI is the root-water synergy index, RLD = root length / soil volume, SWD = (pre-sowing volumetric water content - current volumetric water content) × 10 × soil depth, TolRLD is the total root length density from 0 to 40 cm, and TolSWD is the total water consumption from 0 to 40 cm. The drip irrigation control method includes controlling the drip irrigation speed by controlling the root-water synergy index value of the 0-40 cm soil layer of the seedling strip.

[0007] Furthermore, the root-water synergy index value is between [1.1, 1.5].

[0008] Furthermore, the seedling strip consists of alternating 58-62cm wide uniformly sown seedling strips and 20cm wide empty rows, and the drip irrigation tape is laid along the center line of the seedling strip.

[0009] Furthermore, the drip irrigation tape is buried at a depth of 4-6 cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the root-water synergy index calculation includes measuring the soil moisture content at horizontal distance and vertical depth using a TDR soil moisture meter.

[0011] Furthermore, the calculation of the root-water synergy index also includes extracting root samples at the corresponding water sites using a root drilling method.

[0012] Furthermore, the root sample size is 5×5×10cm.

[0013] Furthermore, the phenotypic parameters of the roots in the root samples were obtained using WinRHIZO analysis software.

[0014] Furthermore, the method includes: measuring the root-water synergy index before and after drip irrigation to assess the overall root water absorption of the seedling strip.

[0015] Furthermore, a watering plan is determined based on the overall root system water absorption of the seedlings.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention is the first to propose a root-water synergy index. By detecting and calculating the root-water synergy index, it can guide the drip irrigation of wheat, achieving efficient utilization of soil moisture in the wheat root zone. This is of great significance for wheat planting, saving irrigation water, and improving water resource utilization efficiency.

[0019] The method of this invention can significantly improve water resource utilization efficiency by controlling the root-water synergy index value between [1.1, 1.5] and simultaneously controlling the seedling strip width (58-62cm) of drip irrigation. In particular, the utilization efficiency of drip irrigation water is the highest when the seedling strip width is 60cm. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the redistribution of soil moisture content in the 0-40cm soil layer at 0h, 12h, and 24h under different seedling-drip irrigation tape configurations according to the method of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of root system configuration in 0-40cm soil layer under different seedling strip-drip irrigation strip configurations according to the method of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of root distribution under water heterogeneity conditions in the method of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0025] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A method for efficient root-water synergistic utilization in wheat, wherein the method guides drip irrigation of wheat seedlings based on a root-water synergistic index, and the formula for calculating the root-water synergistic index is as follows: In the formula, RWSI is the root-water synergy index, RLD = root length / soil volume, SWD = (pre-sowing volumetric water content - current volumetric water content) × 10 × soil depth, TolRLD is the total root length density from 0 to 40 cm, and TolSWD is the total water consumption from 0 to 40 cm. The drip irrigation control method includes controlling the drip irrigation speed by controlling the root-water synergy index value of the 0-40 cm soil layer of the seedling strip.

[0028] Furthermore, the root-water synergy index value is between [1.1, 1.5].

[0029] Furthermore, the seedling strip consists of alternating 58-62cm wide uniformly sown seedling strips and 20cm wide empty rows, and the drip irrigation tape is laid along the center line of the seedling strip.

[0030] Furthermore, the drip irrigation tape is buried at a depth of 4-6 cm.

[0031] Furthermore, the root-water synergy index calculation includes measuring the soil moisture content at horizontal distance and vertical depth using a TDR soil moisture meter.

[0032] Furthermore, the calculation of the root-water synergy index also includes extracting root samples at the corresponding water sites using a root drilling method.

[0033] Furthermore, the root sample size is 5×5×10cm.

[0034] Furthermore, the phenotypic parameters of the roots in the root samples were obtained using WinRHIZO analysis software.

[0035] Furthermore, the method includes: measuring the root-water synergy index before and after drip irrigation to assess the overall root water absorption of the seedling strip.

[0036] Furthermore, a watering plan is determined based on the overall root system water absorption of the seedlings.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] This technology leverages the heterogeneous soil moisture distribution shaped by drip irrigation to maximize the water-use efficiency potential of wheat roots. It not only allows for the determination of optimal seedling spacing through root-water co-monitoring in large-scale farmland but also enables precise monitoring of water movement dynamics under drip irrigation-induced soil heterogeneity through root box water simulation in smaller areas. By combining these two approaches, and addressing diverse water-saving needs in different regions, this technology promotes efficient water use for wheat, thereby driving water-saving and high-yield wheat production.

[0039] Based on the correlation between wheat roots and water, this study provides root architecture and corresponding water consumption at different seedling spacings in the 0-40cm soil layer during the flowering period. The optimal seedling spacing under drip irrigation conditions was then determined.

[0040] Based on root-water synergy observations in farmland during the flowering period, and considering root length density and water distribution characteristics under soil moisture heterogeneity, this method proposes the Root-Water Synergy Index (RWSI) for the first time. Wherein, RLD = root length / soil volume, SWD = (pre-sowing volumetric water content - current volumetric water content) × 10 × soil depth. Total RLD is the total root length density from 0 to 40 cm, and Total SWD is the total water consumption from 0 to 40 cm. The root-water synergy relationship was quantified, and five classification criteria for RWSI were obtained. The RWSI classification criteria were further determined as follows: 1.8 is extremely strong (HR); 1.3–1.8 is strong (R); 1.0–1.3 is moderate (MR); 0.3–1.0 is weak (S); and ≤0.3 is extremely weak (HS). As shown in Table 1, field trials have demonstrated that drought stress occurs when the root-water synergy index is below 1.0, which severely affects root development. With an appropriate seedling strip distance (60cm), the root-water synergy index value is controlled between [1.1, 1.5], which reduces the cost of drip irrigation tape installation and keeps the root-water synergy index within a suitable range, thus significantly improving water use efficiency.

[0041] Table 1. RWSI Index under Different Seedbed-Drip Tape Configurations

[0042]

[0043] Note: In the table, 40-5 represents the position 5cm below the 40cm seedling strip and 10cm below the dripper, and the numbers and symbols thereafter refer to the same. In the table, 15 row spacing-5 represents the position 5cm below the regular 15cm row spacing and 15 row spacing-10 represents the position 10cm below the regular 15cm row spacing, and the numbers and symbols thereafter refer to the same.

[0044] As the water supply distance increases, the seedling strip distance becomes too narrow, causing water to move too quickly in the vertical direction. The roots in the topsoil layer cannot absorb water, resulting in water waste. To prevent deep water seepage into the soil, the seedling strip distance should be appropriately widened while ensuring uniform horizontal water distribution.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] By observing wheat water use at different seedling distances through root-water synergy, the optimal seedling treatment can be screened. When the RWSI index is below 1.0, it indicates that there are fewer roots and more water consumption in the soil layer, which reflects that the soil moisture is insufficient and the root growth is under stress. Based on this index, the water consumption of plants can be accurately monitored.

[0047] In the specific implementation method, the experiment was set up with 3 treatments, 3 replicates, and a cell area of ​​60m². 2 Field management (base fertilizer: N 150 kg / hm) 2 P2O5 120 kg / hm 2 K2O 90kg / hm 2 The present invention employs the following methods: alternating 40cm wide uniform seedling strips with 20cm empty rows (40cm / / 20cm), with drip irrigation tape laid along the center line of the seedling strips (5cm depth); alternating 50cm wide uniform seedling strips with 20cm empty rows (50cm / / 20cm), with drip irrigation tape laid along the center line of the seedling strips (5cm depth); and alternating 60cm wide uniform seedling strips with 20cm empty rows (60cm / / 20cm), with drip irrigation tape laid along the center line of the seedling strips (5cm depth). The precise irrigation schedule is as follows: 60mm during the late tillering stage (March 25th), 50mm before flowering (April 25th), and 40mm during the grain-filling stage (May 15th). Soil moisture content at different horizontal distances and vertical depths is measured using a TDR soil moisture meter at 0h, 12h, and 24h after each irrigation. Figure 2 As shown.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, root samples were extracted from corresponding moisture sites using a 5×5×10cm root drill. WinRHIZO (Regent Instruments Inc., Quebec City, Canada) analysis software automatically obtained the root phenotypic parameters (root length, root surface area, root volume). Root length density was calculated using the formulas described above, and the root water density index (RWSI) was also calculated. An RWSI < 1.0 indicates impaired water absorption and a water deficit. Increasing the seedling strip distance to 60cm resulted in an RWSI > 1.0 in the 0-40cm soil layer, while at a distance of 40cm, deep water seepage caused an RWSI < 1.0 in the 30-40cm soil layer, hindering root growth. Therefore, a 60cm seedling strip distance is optimal, fully utilizing the topsoil moisture.

[0049] The optimal seedling spacing (60cm) was determined based on the above experiments. Then, irrigation was compared with traditional 15cm row spacing (CK) double irrigation (75mm at jointing stage + 75mm at flowering stage) while maintaining consistent irrigation water levels, using the RWSI index under the 60cm seedling spacing as the irrigation standard. The results showed that the CK treatment (0-40cm soil layer) reduced the RWSI index by 15.2%, increased total water consumption by 4.4%, and reduced total yield by 1.48%. Figure 3 As shown, using the RWSI index as the standard, the root-water synergy index value was controlled between [1.1, 1.5] during drip irrigation. The irrigation method with 60cm seedling strips reduced water consumption while increasing yield, achieving efficient utilization of root-water synergy.

[0050] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient utilization of wheat roots and water, characterized in that, The method guides drip irrigation of wheat seedlings based on the root-water synergy index, and the formula for calculating the root-water synergy index is as follows: In the formula, RWSI is the root-water synergy index, RLD = root length / soil volume, SWD = (pre-sowing volumetric water content - current volumetric water content) × 10 × soil depth, TolRLD is the total root length density from 0 to 40 cm, and TolSWD is the total water consumption from 0 to 40 cm. The drip irrigation control method includes controlling the drip irrigation speed by controlling the root-water synergy index value of the 0-40 cm soil layer of the seedling strip.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root-water synergy index value is between [1.1, 1.5].

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The seedling strip consists of alternating 58-62cm wide uniformly sown seedling strips and 20cm wide empty rows, and the drip irrigation tape is laid along the center line of the seedling strip.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drip irrigation tape is buried at a depth of 4-6 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root-water synergy index calculation includes measuring the soil moisture content at horizontal distance and vertical depth using a TDR soil moisture meter.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation of the root-water synergy index also includes using the root drilling method to extract root samples at the corresponding water sites.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The root samples were taken in sizes of 5×5×10cm.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The phenotypic parameters of the roots in the root samples were obtained using WinRHIZO analysis software.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes: measuring the root-water synergy index before and after drip irrigation to assess the overall root water absorption of the seedling strip.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The watering plan is determined based on the overall root system water absorption of the seedlings.

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