Improved soil ecological substrate for ecological revetment and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of slope soil protection, and particularly relates to a modified soil ecological base material for ecological slope protection, a preparation method and application thereof; the modified soil ecological base material is used in high-cold high-humidity high-altitude areas; the modified soil ecological base material comprises the following: an anti-skid anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant layer; and a soil adaptive layer; wherein the anti-skid anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant layer comprises modified plant fibers and an anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material; the soil adaptive layer comprises a water-absorbing composite material. The present disclosure prepares a modified soil ecological base material which has good freeze-thaw stability, excellent water erosion resistance and water retention performance, is eco-friendly and degradable, and is used for ecological slope protection in high-cold high-humidity high-altitude areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of slope soil protection, and particularly relates to an improved soil ecological base material for ecological slope protection and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The high-cold high-humidity high-altitude environment is an important part of the plateau environment in the world, is one of the important ecological function areas of the earth, has a unique ecological system and rich biodiversity, and China also has areas such as the Ruo'ergai grassland wetland. The ecological system of such areas plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance, regulating climate, conserving water, and maintaining water and soil. However, in recent years, due to natural factors (such as frequent freeze-thaw action caused by climate change) and human activities (such as overgrazing, engineering construction, etc.), some areas of such regions have experienced varying degrees of ecological degradation, among which landslides and collapses occur from time to time, seriously threatening the stability and integrity of the wetland ecological system, and also causing adverse effects on the surrounding ecological environment and human production and life.

[0003] In the field of ecological slope repair, the commonly used repair materials at present mainly include the following: (1) traditional concrete slope protection, which has high strength and stability, but poor air permeability and water permeability, is not conducive to vegetation growth, and cannot be integrated with the wetland ecological system, and is prone to cracking under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, resulting in structural damage. (2) Ordinary soil mixed with grass seed spraying and seeding, which can promote vegetation growth, but ordinary soil is easily affected by freeze-thaw action in the high-cold high-humidity wetland environment, resulting in structural damage, soil loss, and difficulty in long-term stable growth of vegetation, and the repair effect is difficult to last. (3) Ecological base material mixed with organic fibers and soil, which improves the stability of the soil and the growth conditions of the vegetation to some extent, but in such extreme environments, these organic fibers are often difficult to withstand long-term freeze-thaw cycles and high humidity conditions, and are prone to degradation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an improved soil ecological base material that is ecologically friendly and degradable, has good freeze-thaw stability, excellent water erosion resistance and water retention performance, and is used for ecological slope protection in high-cold high-humidity high-altitude areas. SUMMARY

[0005] The present disclosure provides an improved soil ecological base material for ecological slope protection and a preparation method and application thereof to solve the problems in the related art.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, an improved soil ecological base material for ecological slope protection is provided, the improved soil ecological base material is used in high-cold high-humidity high-altitude areas; the improved soil ecological base material comprises the following:

[0007] The anti-sliding, anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant layer; and

[0008] The soil adapting layer;

[0009] The anti-sliding, anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant layer comprises modified plant fiber and anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant composite material; and the soil adapting layer comprises water-absorbing composite material.

[0010] In an aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the soil adapting layer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0011] 100-200 parts by weight of peat soil, 15-30 parts by weight of fly ash, 15-30 parts by weight of metakaolin, 20-50 parts by weight of water-absorbing composite material, 65-120 parts by weight of water-absorbing biochar, and 15-35 parts by weight of bentonite.

[0012] In an aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the water-absorbing composite material is obtained by compounding vermiculite and acrylic polymer; and the water-absorbing composite material is prepared by the following steps:

[0013] Step 1-a: providing gum karaya; adding the gum karaya into water, and then obtaining a first solution by heating and cooling in sequence;

[0014] Step 2-a: adding ammonium persulfate into the first solution to obtain a second mixture;

[0015] Step 3-a: adding acrylic acid and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide into an alkaline solution, and then adding vermiculite after stirring; and then obtaining a third mixture by heating and stirring;

[0016] Step 4-a: adding the third mixture into the second mixture under the protection of inert gas, and reacting for 2-5 hours; and then obtaining the water-absorbing composite material by taking out the solid product, drying, crushing and sieving.

[0017] In an aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the water-absorbing biochar is prepared by the following steps:

[0018] Step 1-b: providing biochar; and adding the biochar into water after crushing, sieving and washing;

[0019] Step 2-b: adding polyacrylamide into the water after stirring, and then drying the obtained mixture to constant weight to obtain the water-absorbing biochar.

[0020] In an aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the anti-sliding, anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant layer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0021] 100-200 parts by weight of peat soil, 20-40 parts by weight of modified plant fiber, 10-25 parts by weight of anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material, and 5-10 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol.

[0022] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material is prepared by the following steps:

[0023] Step 1-c: providing mangosteen shell as raw material to prepare mangosteen shell polysaccharide; and, after preparation of the mangosteen shell polysaccharide, the plant residues remaining as raw material for preparation of modified plant fiber;

[0024] Step 2-c: adding the mangosteen shell polysaccharide and chitosan to water, then heating to 80-95°C and stirring, and adding citric acid and glutaraldehyde, and maintaining the temperature; to obtain a fourth mixture;

[0025] Step 3-c: providing dopamine hydrochloride, dissolving the dopamine hydrochloride in an ethanol solution, then adding to the fourth mixture, then standing at 80-95°C for 2-6h to obtain a gel-like solid;

[0026] Step 4-c: drying the gel-like solid to constant weight to obtain the anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material.

[0027] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the modified plant fiber is prepared by the following steps:

[0028] Step 1-d: providing plant residues remaining after preparation of mangosteen shell polysaccharide from mangosteen shell as raw material; after washing and drying the plant residues, dry plant fiber is obtained;

[0029] Step 2-d: adding chloromethyl oxirane to anhydrous ethanol, then adding the dry plant fiber obtained in step 1-d, maintaining stirring and adding tetrabutylammonium bromide, and refluxing at 55-65°C for 2-6h; to obtain plant fiber treated by surface grafting;

[0030] Step 3-d: dissolving polyethyleneimine in anhydrous ethanol, then adding the plant fiber treated by surface grafting obtained in step 2-d, passing in nitrogen for protection, and reacting at 65-75°C for 2-6h; after washing and drying the product after reaction, the modified plant fiber is obtained.

[0031] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the mangosteen shell polysaccharide is prepared by the following steps:

[0032] Step 1-e: providing mangosteen shell as raw material, after crushing and drying the mangosteen shell, mangosteen shell powder is obtained;

[0033] Step 2-e: The mangosteen shell powder is added to water for ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction is performed for 2-3 times, the filtrates are combined and concentrated, then an ethanol solution is added to precipitate the mangosteen polysaccharide, the white precipitate is collected and dried to obtain the mangosteen polysaccharide.

[0034] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for preparing the improved soil ecological substrate for ecological slope protection is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: The peat soil, fly ash, metakaolin, water-absorbing composite material, water-absorbing biochar and bentonite are mixed, then added to a mold and compacted to obtain a soil adaptation layer;

[0036] Step 2: The peat soil, modified plant fiber, ultraviolet-resistant freeze-thaw-resistant composite material and polyethylene glycol are mixed, then added to a mold and laid on the top of the soil adaptation layer, and compacted to obtain an anti-skid ultraviolet-resistant freeze-thaw-resistant layer;

[0037] Step 3: Demolding to obtain the improved soil ecological substrate for ecological slope protection.

[0038] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the improved soil ecological substrate for ecological slope protection is applied to the ecological protection of a slope in an alpine high-humidity high-altitude region.

[0039] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can have the following beneficial effects:

[0040] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present disclosure provides an improved soil ecological substrate which has good freeze-thaw stability, excellent water erosion resistance and water retention performance, is eco-friendly and degradable, and is used for ecological slope protection in an alpine high-humidity high-altitude region.

[0041] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and are not limiting to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, and the embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all the embodiments consistent with the present disclosure.

[0043] The terms used in the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" used in the present disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein means and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0044] For the sake of brevity, only some numerical ranges are specifically disclosed herein. However, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to create a range not expressly recited; and, any lower limit can be combined with any other lower limit, and any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit, to create a range not expressly recited. Further, each individual disclosed point or singular value can be combined with any other point or singular value, either as a lower or upper limit, or with other lower or upper limits, to create a range not expressly recited.

[0045] In this document, the terms "comprise", "comprising", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

[0046] In the description herein, "above", "below" include the number itself, unless otherwise indicated.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, the terms used in the present disclosure have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical values of the various parameters set forth in the present disclosure can be tested using various measuring methods commonly used in the art (for example, can be tested according to the methods given in the examples of the present disclosure).

[0048] The term "about" is used to describe and account for small variations. When used in connection with an event or circumstance, the term can refer to instances in which the event or circumstance occurs exactly, as well as instances in which the event or circumstance occurs approximately or nearly. For example, when used in connection with a numerical value, the term can refer to a range of variation of ±10% or less of the numerical value, such as ±5% or less, ±4% or less, ±3% or less, ±2% or less, ±1% or less, ±0.5% or less, ±0.1% or less, or ±0.05% or less. Additionally, quantities, ratios and other numerical values are sometimes presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such range format is used for convenience and brevity and should be understood as having been preceeded by the word "about". Unless otherwise indicated, the use of a number in a range format is intended to literally encompass each and every number falling within the range, inclusive of the recited number.

[0049] The list of items connected by “at least one of,” “at least one,” “at least one of the items,” or other similar phrases can mean any combination of the listed items. For example, if A and B are listed, then the phrase “at least one of A and B” means only A; only B; or A and B. In another example, if A, B, and C are listed, then the phrase “at least one of A, B, and C” means A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B (excluding C); A and C (excluding B); B and C (excluding A); or A, B, and C. Item A can include a single component or multiple components. Item B can include a single component or multiple components. Item C can include a single component or multiple components.

[0050] In the present disclosure, the water-absorbing composite material in the soil adaptation layer is obtained by compounding vermiculite and acrylic polymer, which can rapidly absorb and store a large amount of water during the snow melting period to prevent slope runoff erosion; and the vermiculite layer acts as a nano filler to hinder the sliding of the acrylic segment during the frost-heave and thaw-shrink process. The gum of callistemon lanceolatus acts as a crosslinking point and an adhesive during polymerization, which combines vermiculite and acrylic segments through hydrogen bond / coordinative bond, thereby reducing the weight loss of the acrylic segment during the frost-heave and thaw-shrink process; in addition, the acrylic-callistemon gum copolymer in the water-absorbing composite material prepared in the present disclosure is gradually broken down under the action of natural soil microorganisms (Bacillus and Pseudomonas), and finally generates CO2, H2O and humic acid; and the vermiculite can be converted into soil clay to improve the soil structure.

[0051] In the present disclosure, the water-absorbing biomass charcoal in the soil adaptation layer can also rapidly absorb and store a large amount of water during the snow melting period to prevent slope runoff erosion; and in the dry season, the porous structure of the biomass charcoal itself can also provide oxygen and growth space for plant roots and beneficial microorganisms, thereby reducing the risk of root rot in high humidity environment.

[0052] In the present disclosure, the polymer network formed by the anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material in the anti-sliding and anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw layer can maintain the mass loss rate and volume shrinkage rate within a relatively small value after repeated freeze-thaw cycles from high-cold environment (-20°C and below) to normal temperature (20°C and above); and in the high-cold high-humidity high-altitude area, the ultraviolet radiation is strong, and the present disclosure utilizes the anti-ultraviolet ability of mangosteen shell polysaccharide, so that the mangosteen shell polysaccharide / chitosan-dopamine network has a certain anti-ultraviolet aging ability, and can maintain the integrity of the polymer network under the ultraviolet radiation in the high-altitude area.

[0053] In the present disclosure, the plant residues remaining after the preparation of atapuerca polysaccharide from atapuerca shells are used to prepare modified fibers, that is, the raw materials are fully utilized, and after the fiber surface is grafted with chloromethyl oxirane-polyethyleneimine, flexible amine segments are obtained on the surface, which can form hydrogen bonds / coordination bonds with the anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw composite material in the anti-skid and ultraviolet-resistant freeze-thaw layer and polyethylene glycol, further improving the stability in the freeze-thaw cycle and also playing a role in anti-skid.

[0054] The present application will be further described in the manner of specific examples. The various chemical reagents used in the examples of the present application are obtained through conventional commercial channels unless otherwise specified. The contents described below are mass contents unless otherwise specified. It is understood that the operations are carried out at room temperature unless otherwise specified.

[0055] Example:

[0056] Example 1:

[0057] Example 1 includes the following steps:

[0058] 1. Preparation of water-absorbing composite material:

[0059] 2 parts by weight of kauri gum were weighed; the kauri gum was added to 40 parts by weight of water, then heated to 65 DEG C, and kept for 1 h, then cooled to 50 DEG C to obtain a first solution; 0.19 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate was added to the first solution while keeping the temperature at 50 DEG C to obtain a second mixture.

[0060] 12 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.012 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide were added to 30 parts by weight of NaOH solution (2 wt%), and after sufficient stirring, 8 parts by weight of vermiculite was added; then heated to 70 DEG C and stirred to obtain a third mixture.

[0061] The third mixture (70 DEG C) was added to the second mixture (50 DEG C) under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was carried out for 3 h; then the solid product was taken out, dried, crushed, and sieved through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the water-absorbing composite material of Example 1.

[0062] The above steps can be repeated multiple times to obtain sufficient product for subsequent reactions.

[0063] 2. Preparation of water-absorbing biomass charcoal:

[0064] 80 parts by weight of biomass charcoal were weighed; after crushing, sieving through a 20-mesh sieve, and washing, the biomass charcoal was added to 250 parts by weight of water; 40 parts by weight of polyacrylamide was added to the water, and after stirring, the obtained mixture was directly dried to constant weight to obtain the water-absorbing biomass charcoal of Example 1.

[0065] 3. Preparation of anti-UV freeze-thaw resistant composite material:

[0066] 3.1. Preparation of mangosteen shell polysaccharide:

[0067] Take 500 parts by weight of mangosteen shell, and after crushing and drying, mangosteen shell powder is obtained; the mangosteen shell powder is added to 8000 parts by weight of water for ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction is performed 3 times, the temperature is 55°C, the ultrasonic time is 1 h, and the ultrasonic power is 216 W; the filtrate is combined and concentrated to 1 / 5 of the original volume, then 95% ethanol solution is added, white precipitate appears, and 95% ethanol solution is continuously added until the white precipitate no longer increases; the white precipitate is collected and dried to obtain 12 parts by weight of mangosteen shell polysaccharide.

[0068] The above steps can be repeated multiple times to obtain sufficient product for subsequent reactions.

[0069] 3.2. Preparation of anti-UV freeze-thaw resistant composite material:

[0070] Add 12 parts by weight of mangosteen shell polysaccharide and 15 parts by weight of chitosan to 160 parts by weight of water, then heat to 90°C and stir, and add 2.5 parts by weight of citric acid and 0.8 parts by weight of glutaraldehyde, and maintain the temperature; a fourth mixture is obtained; take 8 parts by weight of dopamine hydrochloride, dissolve it in 30 parts by weight of 95% ethanol solution, then add it dropwise to the fourth mixture, then keep it at 85°C for 2.5 h, and a gel-like solid is obtained; the gel-like solid is dried to constant weight to obtain the anti-UV freeze-thaw resistant composite material of Example 2.

[0071] The above steps can be repeated multiple times to obtain sufficient product for subsequent reactions.

[0072] 3.3. Preparation of modified plant fiber:

[0073] Take 100 parts by weight of plant residues remaining after the preparation of mangosteen shell polysaccharide from the aforementioned mangosteen shell as raw material; after washing and drying, dry plant fiber is obtained; add 10 parts by weight of chloromethyl oxirane to 250 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol, then add the obtained dry plant fiber, maintain stirring, and add 5 parts by weight of tetrabutylammonium bromide, and reflux at 60°C for 3 h; a surface grafted plant fiber is obtained.

[0074] Dissolve 38 parts by weight of polyethyleneimine in 250 parts by weight of anhydrous ethanol, then add the obtained surface grafted plant fiber, protect it by passing nitrogen gas, and react at 70°C for 3 h; after the reaction, the product is washed and dried to obtain a modified plant fiber.

[0075] 4. Preparation of improved soil ecological substrate:

[0076] Mixing 150 parts by weight of peat soil, 20 parts by weight of fly ash, 18 parts by weight of metakaolin, 35 parts by weight of water-absorbing composite material, 100 parts by weight of water-absorbing biomass charcoal, and 20 parts by weight of bentonite, then adding to the mold and compacting (0.6 MPa) to obtain a soil adaptation layer; mixing 120 parts by weight of peat soil, 35 parts by weight of modified plant fiber, 12 parts by weight of ultraviolet-resistant freeze-thaw-resistant composite material, and 8 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol, then adding to the mold and laying on the top of the soil adaptation layer, and compacting (0.6 MPa) to obtain an anti-skid ultraviolet-resistant freeze-thaw-resistant layer; finally demolding to obtain the improved soil ecological substrate for ecological slope protection of Example 1.

[0077] Example 2:

[0078] Example 2 includes the following steps:

[0079] 1. Preparation of water-absorbing composite material:

[0080] Take 2 parts by weight of gum from Pterygota alata; add the gum to 40 parts by weight of water, then heat to 65°C, keep for 1 h, then cool to 50°C to obtain a first solution; keep the temperature at 50°C, add 0.19 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate to the first solution to obtain a second mixture.

[0081] Add 12 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.012 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to 30 parts by weight of NaOH solution (2 wt%), after stirring thoroughly, add 8 parts by weight of vermiculite; then heat to 70°C and stir to obtain a third mixture.

[0082] Under nitrogen protection, add the third mixture (70°C) to the second mixture (50°C) and react for 3 h; then take out the solid product, dry, crush, and pass through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain the water-absorbing composite material of Example 2.

[0083] The above steps can be repeated multiple times to obtain sufficient product for subsequent reactions.

[0084] 2. Preparation of water-absorbing biomass charcoal:

[0085] Take 80 parts by weight of biomass charcoal; after crushing, passing through a 20-mesh sieve, and washing, add to 250 parts by weight of water; add 40 parts by weight of polyacrylamide to the water, stir, and then directly dry the resulting mixture to constant weight to obtain the water-absorbing biomass charcoal of Example 2.

[0086] 3. Preparation of ultraviolet-resistant freeze-thaw-resistant composite material:

[0087] 3.1. Preparation of mangosteen shell polysaccharide:

[0088] Take 500 parts by weight of mangosteen shell, after crushing and drying, get mangosteen shell powder; mangosteen shell powder is added to 8000 parts by weight of water, ultrasonic extraction; ultrasonic extraction 3 times, the temperature of ultrasonic extraction is 55℃, ultrasonic time is 1h, ultrasonic power is 216W; the filtrate is combined and concentrated to 1 / 5 of the original volume, then 95% ethanol solution is added, white precipitate appears, continue to add 95% ethanol solution until the white precipitate no longer increases; collect the white precipitate, after drying, get 12 parts by weight of mangosteen shell polysaccharide.

[0089] The above steps can be repeated several times to obtain sufficient product for subsequent reactions.

[0090] 3.2. Preparation of anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material:

[0091] Take 12 parts by weight of mangosteen shell polysaccharide and 15 parts by weight of chitosan into 160 parts by weight of water, then heat to 90℃ and stir, add 2.5 parts by weight of citric acid and 0.8 parts by weight of glutaraldehyde, keep the temperature; get the fourth mixed solution; take 8 parts by weight of hydrochloric acid dopamine, dissolve it in 30 parts by weight of 95% ethanol solution, then add it dropwise into the fourth mixed solution, then keep it at 85℃ for 2.5h, get the gel-like solid; dry the gel-like solid to constant weight, get the anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material of example 1.

[0092] The above steps can be repeated several times to obtain sufficient product for subsequent reactions.

[0093] 3.3. Provide plant fiber:

[0094] Take 100 parts by weight of the plant residue remaining after preparing mangosteen shell polysaccharide from the preceding mangosteen shell as raw material; after washing and drying, get dry plant fiber for direct use.

[0095] 4. Preparation of improved soil ecological base material:

[0096] Mix 150 parts by weight of peat soil, 20 parts by weight of fly ash, 18 parts by weight of metakaolin, 35 parts by weight of water-absorbing composite material, 100 parts by weight of water-absorbing biomass charcoal and 20 parts by weight of bentonite, then add to the mold and compact (0.6MPa) to get the soil adaptation layer; mix 120 parts by weight of peat soil, 35 parts by weight of dry plant fiber, 12 parts by weight of anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material and 8 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol, then add to the mold, lay on the top of the soil adaptation layer, compact (0.6MPa) to get the anti-skid anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant layer; finally demold to get the improved soil ecological base material for ecological slope protection of example 2.

[0097] The main difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the plant fiber is not modified in Example 2.

[0098] Example 3:

[0099] Example 3 includes the following steps:

[0100] 1. Preparation of water-absorbing composite material:

[0101] Take 2 parts by weight of gum from the plant of Firmiana houghii; add the gum to 40 parts by weight of water, then heat to 65°C, keep for 1 h, then cool to 50°C, to obtain a first solution; keep the temperature at 50°C, add 0.19 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate to the first solution, to obtain a second mixture.

[0102] Add 12 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.012 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to 30 parts by weight of NaOH solution (2 wt%), after stirring thoroughly, add 8 parts by weight of vermiculite; then heat to 70°C, stir, to obtain a third mixture.

[0103] Under the protection of nitrogen, add the third mixture (70°C) to the second mixture (50°C), react for 3 h; then take out the solid product obtained, dry, crush, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, to obtain the water-absorbing composite material of Example 3.

[0104] The above steps can be repeated multiple times to obtain sufficient product for subsequent reactions.

[0105] 2. Preparation of water-absorbing biomass charcoal:

[0106] Take 80 parts by weight of biomass charcoal; after crushing, passing through a 20-mesh sieve, and washing, add the biomass charcoal to 250 parts by weight of water; add 40 parts by weight of polyacrylamide to the water, after stirring, directly dry the obtained mixture system to constant weight; obtain the water-absorbing biomass charcoal of Example 3.

[0107] 3. Preparation of anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material:

[0108] The above steps can be repeated multiple times to obtain sufficient product for subsequent reactions.

[0109] 3.2. Preparation of anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw resistant composite material:

[0110] The 27 parts by weight of chitosan were added to 160 parts by weight of water, then heated to 90°C and stirred, and 2.5 parts by weight of citric acid and 0.8 parts by weight of glutaraldehyde were added, and the temperature was maintained; a fourth mixture was obtained; 8 parts by weight of dopamine hydrochloride was weighed, and the dopamine hydrochloride was dissolved in 30 parts by weight of a 95% ethanol solution, and then added dropwise to the fourth mixture, and then incubated at 85°C for 2.5h to obtain a gel-like solid; the gel-like solid was dried to constant weight to obtain the anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw composite material of Example 3.

[0111] The above steps can be repeated multiple times to obtain a sufficient amount of product for subsequent reactions.

[0112] 3.3. Preparation of modified plant fibers:

[0113] Since Example 3 did not prepare tamarind shell polysaccharide, the modified plant fiber obtained in Example 1 was directly used as the modified plant fiber of Example 3.

[0114] 4. Preparation of improved soil ecological base material:

[0115] 150 parts by weight of peat soil, 20 parts by weight of fly ash, 18 parts by weight of metakaolin, 35 parts by weight of water-absorbing composite material, 100 parts by weight of water-absorbing biomass charcoal, and 20 parts by weight of bentonite were mixed, then added to a mold and compacted (0.6 MPa) to obtain a soil adaptation layer; 120 parts by weight of peat soil, 35 parts by weight of modified plant fiber, 12 parts by weight of anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw composite material, and 8 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol were mixed, then added to a mold and laid on top of the soil adaptation layer, and compacted (0.6 MPa) to obtain an anti-skid, anti-ultraviolet, and freeze-thaw resistant layer; finally, the mold was removed to obtain the improved soil ecological base material for ecological slope protection of Example 3.

[0116] Performance test:

[0117] The samples of Examples 1-3 were cured at 20±2°C, RH≥95%, for 7d; a high-humidity environment was simulated; then the samples of Examples 1-3 were placed in an environment of -20°C for 5h, then the temperature was increased to 5°C within 48h and maintained for 24h, then the temperature was decreased to -20°C within 48h, and the above steps were repeated 5 times to test the compressive strength retention rate, surface peeling mass ratio, and whether the sample slipped in the vertical direction, and the results are shown in Table 1:

[0118] Table 1

[0119] Example Compressive strength retention rate Surface exfoliation mass ratio Whether or not the sample body slipped in the vertical direction Example 1 88% ＜1% No slip occurred Example 2 81% 6.0% No significant slip occurred Example 3 83% 3.2% No significant slip occurred

[0120] The samples of Examples 1-3 were cured at 20±2℃, RH≥95%, for 7d; simulated high humidity environment; then the samples of Examples 1-3 were placed in an environment of -20℃ for 5h, then the temperature was raised to 5℃ within 48h, maintained for 24h, then the temperature was continued to be lowered to -20℃ within 48h, the above steps were repeated for 5 times, and the above steps were all carried out under the condition that the samples were irradiated by a UV lamp, simulating a high ultraviolet intensity environment, the compressive strength retention rate, the surface peeling mass ratio of the samples were tested, and whether the samples slipped in the vertical direction was observed, and the results are shown in Table 2:

[0121] Table 2

[0122] Example Compressive strength retention rate Surface exfoliation mass ratio Whether or not the sample body slipped in the vertical direction Example 1 86% ＜1% No slip occurred Example 2 78% 6.1% No significant slip occurred Example 3 72% 8.6% Slip occurred

[0123] Compared with Example 2, the surface peeling mass ratio of Example 1 is obviously smaller, because after the fiber surface is grafted with chloromethyl oxirane-polyethyleneimine, a flexible amine segment is obtained on the surface, which can form hydrogen bond / coordination bond with the anti-ultraviolet freeze-thaw composite and polyethylene glycol in the anti-sliding and ultraviolet-resistant freeze-thaw layer, further improving its stability in freeze-thaw cycles, and also playing a role in anti-sliding.

[0124] Compared with Example 3, Example 1 can still maintain good morphology in the environment of ultraviolet irradiation, because Example 1 utilizes the anti-ultraviolet ability of mangosteen shell polysaccharide, so that the mangosteen shell polysaccharide / chitosan-dopamine network has a certain anti-ultraviolet aging ability, and can maintain the integrity of the polymer network under ultraviolet irradiation in high altitude areas.

[0125] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the aspects disclosed herein. The present disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure following, in general, the principles of the present disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure that come within known or customary practice within the art to which the present disclosure pertains.

Claims

1. An improved soil ecological base material for ecological revetment, the improved soil ecological base material is used in high-cold, high-humidity and high-altitude areas; characterized in that, The improved soil ecological base material comprises the following: An anti-skid, anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant layer; and A soil adapting layer; The soil adapting layer comprises a water-absorbing composite material; The anti-skid, anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant layer comprises the following components by weight: 100-200 parts by weight of peat soil, 20-40 parts by weight of modified plant fiber, 10-25 parts by weight of anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant composite material, and 5-10 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol; The anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant composite material is prepared by the following steps: Step 1-c: providing mangosteen shell as raw material to prepare mangosteen shell polysaccharide; and, after preparation of the mangosteen shell polysaccharide, the plant residues remaining as raw material for preparation of modified plant fiber; Step 2-c: adding the mangosteen shell polysaccharide and chitosan to water, then heating to 80-95°C and stirring, and adding citric acid and glutaraldehyde, keeping the temperature; obtaining a fourth mixed solution; Step 3-c: providing dopamine hydrochloride, dissolving the dopamine hydrochloride in an ethanol solution, then adding to the fourth mixed solution, then standing at 80-95°C for 2-6h, obtaining a gel-like solid; Step 4-c: drying the gel-like solid to constant weight, obtaining the anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant composite material; The modified plant fiber is prepared by the following steps: Step 1-d: providing plant residues remaining after preparation of mangosteen shell polysaccharide from mangosteen shell as raw material; after washing and drying the plant residues, dry plant fiber is obtained; Step 2-d: adding chloromethyl oxirane to anhydrous ethanol, then adding the dry plant fiber obtained in step 1-d, keeping stirring and adding tetrabutylammonium bromide, refluxing at 55-65°C for 2-6h; obtaining plant fiber treated by surface grafting; Step 3-d: dissolving polyethyleneimine in anhydrous ethanol, then adding the plant fiber treated by surface grafting obtained in step 2-d, passing in nitrogen for protection, reacting at 65-75°C for 2-6h, and after washing and drying the product after reaction, obtaining the modified plant fiber.

2. The improved soil ecological substrate for ecological revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil adapting layer comprises the following components by weight: 100-200 parts by weight of peat soil, 15-30 parts by weight of fly ash, 15-30 parts by weight of metakaolin, 20-50 parts by weight of water-absorbing composite material, 65-120 parts by weight of water-absorbing biomass charcoal, and 15-35 parts by weight of bentonite.

3. The amended soil ecological substrate for ecological revetment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The water-absorbing composite material is obtained by compounding vermiculite and acrylic polymer; the water-absorbing composite material is prepared by the following steps: Step 1-a: providing kino gum; adding the kino gum to water, then sequentially heating and cooling, obtaining a first solution; Step 2-a: adding ammonium persulfate to the first solution, obtaining a second mixed solution; Step 3-a: adding acrylic acid and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to an alkaline solution, after stirring, adding vermiculite; then heating and stirring, obtaining a third mixed solution; Step 4-a: under the protection of inert gas, adding the third mixed solution to the second mixed solution, reacting for 2-5h; then taking out the solid product obtained, drying, crushing, and sieving to obtain the water-absorbing composite material.

4. The improved soil eco matrix for eco revetment according to claim 2, wherein, The water-absorbing biomass charcoal is prepared by the following steps: Step 1-b: providing biomass charcoal; after the biomass charcoal is crushed, sieved and washed, the biomass charcoal is added to water; Step 2-b: polyacrylamide is added to the water, and after stirring, the obtained mixture is dried to constant weight; the water-absorbing biomass charcoal is obtained.

5. The modified soil ecological substrate for ecological revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The atemoya shell polysaccharide is prepared by the following steps: Step 1-e: providing atemoya shell as raw material, and after the atemoya shell is crushed and dried, atemoya shell powder is obtained; Step 2-e: the atemoya shell powder is added to water and ultrasonic extraction is performed; the filtrate is combined and concentrated after ultrasonic extraction for 2-3 times, then ethanol solution is added to precipitate the atemoya shell polysaccharide, the white precipitate is collected and dried to obtain the atemoya shell polysaccharide.

6. A method of preparing the improved soil ecological substrate for ecological revetment according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: peat soil, fly ash, metakaolin, water-absorbing composite material, water-absorbing biomass charcoal and bentonite are mixed, then added to a mold and compacted to obtain a soil adaptation layer; Step 2: peat soil, modified plant fiber, anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant composite material and polyethylene glycol are mixed, then added to a mold and laid on the top of the soil adaptation layer, and after compaction, an anti-skid, anti-ultraviolet and freeze-thaw resistant layer is obtained; Step 3: demolding to obtain the improved soil ecological substrate for ecological slope protection.

7. Application of the improved soil ecological substrate for ecological slope protection according to any one of claims 1-5 in the ecological protection of slopes in high-cold, high-humidity and high-altitude areas.