Preparation method and application of a pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation method and application of a pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt, and belongs to the technical field of biocidal pesticides. In the application, carbendazim, iprodione, lotus seed pod extract and seaweed residue are combined as effective components of the insecticide, and according to field experiment data, the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt is applied in the soil for many years, the disease index is 7.22%, the control effect is 82.44%, the yield of single plant is 9.75 kg±0.35 kg, and the yield per mu is 2865 kg. The seaweed residue and the lotus seed pod extract are mixed as a pesticide synergist, and are compounded with the basic chemical pesticide, so that the obtained pesticide preparation has better effect in preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt, and the effect after combination is better than that of the basic chemical pesticide, the seaweed residue or the lotus seed pod extract used alone, and the application has practical significance for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt and improving the yield of watermelon.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biocidal pesticide technology, specifically to a method for preparing and applying a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease. Background Technology

[0002] watermelon( Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai) is an annual vine belonging to the genus Citrus in the family Cucurbitaceae. Watermelons originated in tropical Africa and are widely cultivated in tropical to temperate regions. my country is a major watermelon producer and consumer in the world. To meet market demand, continuous cropping is frequently used in watermelon production. However, this practice leads to severe problems, with Fusarium wilt being the most frequent disease occurring during this period. This disease can occur at any stage of watermelon growth and development.

[0003] The pathogen causing watermelon wilt is *Fusarium oxysporum* watermelon-specific strain (…). Fusarium oxysporum *Fusarium oxysporum* sp. (FON) can survive and accumulate in the soil for a long time. As a soil-borne disease, watermelon wilt cannot be completely eradicated by existing control methods. After infection by the wilt pathogen, crop growth, yield, and quality are all affected. Current control methods mostly use chemical pesticides, but relying solely on chemical pesticides can easily lead to drug resistance in harmful microorganisms, affecting subsequent control effectiveness. Therefore, using a small amount of chemical pesticides in combination with synergists composed of naturally derived ingredients to enhance the control effect of watermelon wilt is a direction worthy of further research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing and applying a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease, comprising a basic chemical agent and a pesticide synergist, wherein the mass ratio of the basic chemical agent to the pesticide synergist is 1:(2-4);

[0007] The basic chemical agents are carbendazim and isopyrazosulfuron, and the pesticide synergists include at least one of seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of lotus seedpod extract is as follows:

[0009] Fresh lotus seed pods are selected, washed, dried at 85 DEG C, crushed to pass through a 200 mesh sieve, and 50 g of the sieved powder is added to 3 mL of 50% ethanol aqueous solution at a mass-volume ratio of 1:3, extracted at 70 DEG C for 3 times, the obtained extract is combined, concentrated to 100 mL, centrifuged at 4500 r / min for 20 min, and the precipitate is freeze-dried to obtain a lotus seed pod extract.

[0010] Further, in the basic chemical agent, the mass ratio of carbendazim and iprodione is (0.5-5):(0.5-5).

[0011] Further, in the basic chemical agent, the mass ratio of carbendazim and iprodione is 1:1.

[0012] Further, in the pesticide synergist, the mass ratio of seaweed residue and lotus seed pod extract is (3-10):(0.5-5).

[0013] Further, in the pesticide synergist, the mass ratio of seaweed residue and lotus seed pod extract is 6:1.

[0014] In the second aspect of the present application, a preparation method of the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt is provided, wherein carbendazim and iprodione are uniformly mixed to obtain a basic chemical agent, seaweed residue and lotus seed pod extract are uniformly mixed to obtain a pesticide synergist, and then the basic chemical agent and the pesticide synergist are mixed to obtain the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt.

[0015] In the third aspect of the present application, the pesticide preparation is applied in any one of (1)-(3) as follows:

[0016] (1) preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt;

[0017] (2) increasing watermelon plant height;

[0018] (3) increasing watermelon yield per plant and per mu.

[0019] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present application combines carbendazim, iprodione, lotus seed pod extract and seaweed residue as effective components of insecticidal agents, uses chemical source insecticides and plant source synergists to improve the prevention and treatment effect of the prepared pesticide preparation on watermelon fusarium wilt, reduces the risk of drug resistance of harmful microorganisms, and simultaneously reduces the use amount of chemical fungicides carbendazim and iprodione, thereby reducing the chemical residue on watermelon.

[0021] The base chemical agent prepared from carbendazim and iprodione mainly plays a role in killing insects. Carbendazim can interfere with the formation of spindle in mitosis of pathogenic bacteria, affect cell division, and play a role in killing bacteria. Iprodione can inhibit protein kinase, control intracellular signals of many cell functions, including the interference effect of carbohydrate binding into fungal cell components, and can inhibit the germination and production of fungal spores and inhibit the growth of mycelium. The different mechanisms of action of the two can reduce the risk of pest resistance, and the use of carbendazim and iprodione can also broaden the fungicidal spectrum, achieve the dual effect of rapid and persistent fungicidal effect. Lotus seed pod extract and seaweed residue mainly play a synergistic effect. According to the field experiment data, the disease index is 7.22%, the control effect is 82.44%, the yield per plant is 9.75±0.35 kg, and the yield per mu is 2865 kg. It can be seen that the seaweed residue and lotus seed pod extract are mixed as a pesticide synergist, which is compounded with the base chemical agent, and the obtained pesticide preparation has better effect in preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt. The effect of the combination is better than that of the base chemical agent, seaweed residue or lotus seed pod extract alone. The present application has practical significance for the prevention and treatment of watermelon fusarium wilt and the yield improvement of watermelon. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0023] In order for those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with specific examples.

[0024] The test materials not specifically described in the embodiments of the present application are all conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels. The 25% carbendazim wettable powder and the 50% iprodione wettable powder used in the present application are purchased from Shandong Haivis Company; the seaweed residue used is purchased from Qingdao Hui Fu Lin Marine Biological Technology Co., Ltd., and the particle size is controlled to 200 mesh.

[0025] Example 1: Preparation of lotus seed pod extract

[0026] Fresh lotus seed pods were selected, washed and dried at 85°C, crushed to pass through a 200 mesh sieve, and 50g of the sieved powder was added to a 50% volume concentration of ethanol aqueous solution at a mass volume ratio of 1g:3mL. The extraction was carried out at 70°C for 3 times, and the obtained extract was concentrated to 100 mL. The mixture was centrifuged at 4500r / min for 20 min, and the precipitate was freeze-dried to obtain the lotus seed pod extract.

[0027] Example 2: A pesticide preparation for preventing and treating fusarium wilt of watermelon

[0028] Preparation of base chemical agent

[0029] Take 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% iprodione wettable powder, mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1, obtain the base chemical agent.

[0030] Preparation of pesticide synergist

[0031] Mix the sea algae residue and the lotus seed pod extract prepared in Example 1 according to the mass ratio of 6:1, obtain the pesticide synergist.

[0032] Mix the base chemical agent and the pesticide synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:3, obtain the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating fusarium wilt of watermelon.

[0033] Example 3: A pesticide preparation for preventing and treating fusarium wilt of watermelon

[0034] Preparation of base chemical agent

[0035] Take 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% iprodione wettable powder, mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1, obtain the base chemical agent.

[0036] Preparation of pesticide synergist

[0037] Mix the sea algae residue and the lotus seed pod extract prepared in Example 1 according to the mass ratio of 6:1, obtain the pesticide synergist.

[0038] Mix the base chemical agent and the pesticide synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:2, obtain the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating fusarium wilt of watermelon.

[0039] Example 4: A pesticide preparation for preventing and treating fusarium wilt of watermelon

[0040] Preparation of base chemical agent

[0041] Take 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% iprodione wettable powder, mix according to the mass ratio of 1:1, obtain the base chemical agent.

[0042] Preparation of pesticide synergist

[0043] Mix the sea algae residue and the lotus seed pod extract prepared in Example 1 according to the mass ratio of 6:1, obtain the pesticide synergist.

[0044] Mix the base chemical agent and the pesticide synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:4, obtain the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating fusarium wilt of watermelon.

[0045] Comparative Example 1: A pesticide preparation for preventing and treating fusarium wilt of watermelon

[0046] The difference between the present comparative example 1 and example 2 is that the pesticide synergist used contains only lotus seedpod extract.

[0047] Preparation of the base chemical agent

[0048] Take 25% of carbendazim wettable powder and 50% of iprodione wettable powder, mix them according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and obtain the base chemical agent.

[0049] Mix the base chemical agent and the lotus seedpod extract prepared in example 1 as the pesticide synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and obtain the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt.

[0050] Comparative example 2: a pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt

[0051] The difference between the present comparative example 1 and example 2 is that the pesticide synergist used contains only lotus seedpod extract.

[0052] Preparation of the base chemical agent

[0053] Take 25% of carbendazim wettable powder and 50% of iprodione wettable powder, mix them according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and obtain the base chemical agent.

[0054] Mix the base chemical agent and the lotus seedpod extract prepared in example 1 as the pesticide synergist according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and obtain the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt.

[0055] Comparative example 3: a pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt

[0056] The difference between the present comparative example 1 and example 2 is that the pesticide synergist used contains only lotus seedpod extract.

[0057] Take 25% of carbendazim wettable powder and 50% of iprodione wettable powder, mix them according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and obtain the base chemical agent, which is used as the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt.

[0058] Test example 1: indoor experiment

[0059] Watermelon seeds used in the experiment were selected from susceptible variety "Zaojia 8424", soaked in 55°C warm water for 30 min, and then germinated. When the radicle was about 2 mm long, the seeds were sown. After 15 days of germination, the uniform growth watermelon seedlings were transplanted into pots, and 15 kg of high-temperature sterilized nutrient soil was added to each pot. Each treatment had 5 pots, and each pot had 2 plants. The experimental group was first irrigated with the fungicide formulations prepared by Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 for preventing watermelon fusarium wilt at the root of the plants, which were recorded as the composite group, the lotus group, the seaweed residue group, and the chemical group. The fungicide formulations were diluted in water according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:500 ml, and the dosage was 1000 ml per pot. The control group was irrigated with the same amount of water at the root of the plants. Then, 5 ml of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) spore suspension (10 7 The spore / mL) was inoculated, which was recorded as 0d. At 14d, the experimental group and the control group were irrigated at the root according to the same method as before. At 26d, the plant height was measured, the disease index of fusarium wilt was investigated and counted, and the control effect of the fungicide was calculated. The calculation method is as follows:

[0060] Disease index (%) =∑(number of plants at each level x level value) / (total number of plants surveyed x highest level value) x 100

[0061] The level value of watermelon fusarium wilt is divided into 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9, and the grading standard is as follows: 0 level for normal vascular bundle inside the stem, no symptoms outside; 1 level for 25% or less vascular bundle discoloration inside the stem; 3 level for 25%-50% vascular bundle discoloration inside the stem; 5 level for 51%-75% vascular bundle discoloration inside the stem; 7 level for 75% or more vascular bundle discoloration inside the stem, and partial leaf wilting; 9 level for whole plant death.

[0062] Relative control efficiency (%) = (disease index of the control group - disease index of the treatment group) / disease index of the control group x 100

[0063] The results are shown in Table 1:

[0064] Table 1: Results of indoor control

[0065]

[0066] According to the indoor experimental data in Table 1, the plant height of the composite group was 38.86±0.34 cm, the disease index was 12.22%, and the relative control efficiency was 87.78%. The results of the composite group were better than those of the lotus group, the seaweed residue group, the chemical group, and the control group. It can be seen that the mixture of seaweed residue and lotus extract as a pesticide synergist combined with the basic chemical agent can obtain a better effect in preventing watermelon fusarium wilt. The combined effect is better than that of the basic chemical agent, seaweed residue, or lotus extract alone.

[0067] Test Example 2: Field Experiment

[0068] The field test was carried out in a 6-year continuous planting melon field in Jiyang district of Jinan city, in which the concentration of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was 10 3 cfu / g. The melon variety was Shanggu 8424, and the melons were planted according to the conventional density. After the melon seedlings grew uniformly for 15 days, they were randomly divided into 5 groups, each with an area of 1 mu. The experimental groups were respectively irrigated with the pesticide formulations prepared by the method of Example 2 and the methods of Comparative Examples 1-3 for preventing and treating melon wilt, which were recorded as the composite group, the lotus seed pod group, the seaweed residue group and the chemical group. The pesticide formulations were diluted in water according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:500 ml, and then used in an amount of 50 L per mu. The control group was irrigated with the same amount of water. After 30 days, each group was irrigated again according to the above treatment. After 30 days of the last irrigation, 20 plants were randomly selected from each treatment, the disease index was counted, the control effect was calculated, and the grading standard and calculation method were the same as those of Test Example 1. From the 90th day of seed germination, the yield per plant and the yield per mu were counted, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 2 Field control effect

[0070]

[0071] According to the field test data in Table 2, the disease index of the composite group was 7.22%, the relative control effect was 82.44%, the yield per plant was 9.75±0.35 kg, and the yield per mu was 2865 kg. The results of the composite group were better than those of the lotus seed pod group, the seaweed residue group, the chemical group and the control group. It can be seen that the mixture of seaweed residue and lotus seed pod extract as a pesticide synergist, combined with the basic chemical agent, can obtain a better effect in preventing and treating melon wilt. The effect of the combination is better than that of using the basic chemical agent, seaweed residue or lotus seed pod extract alone.

[0072] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease, characterized in that, It consists of basic chemical agents and pesticide synergists, with a mass ratio of 1:(2-4). The basic chemical agents are carbendazim and isopyrazosulfuron, and the pesticide synergists are seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract. The preparation method of lotus seedpod extract is as follows: Fresh lotus pods were selected, washed, and dried at 85℃. The powder was then pulverized and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. 50g of the sieved powder was added to a 50% ethanol aqueous solution at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1g:3mL. The mixture was extracted three times at 70℃. The extracts were combined and concentrated to 100mL. The mixture was centrifuged at 4500r / min for 20min and the precipitate was freeze-dried to obtain the lotus pod extract. In the basic chemical reagents, the mass ratio of carbendazim to iprodione is 1:1; In the pesticide synergist, the mass ratio of seaweed residue to lotus seedpod extract is 6:

1.

2. The method for preparing the pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic chemical agent is obtained by mixing carbendazim and iprodione. The pesticide synergist is obtained by mixing seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract. The basic chemical agent and the pesticide synergist are then mixed to obtain a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt.

3. The use of the pesticide formulation according to claim 1 in any one of the following (1)-(3): (1) Prevention and control of watermelon wilt disease; (2) Increase the height of watermelon plants; (3) Increase the yield per watermelon plant and the yield per mu.

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