An experimental apparatus and method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological sequestration

Abstract

The application provides an experimental device and method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage. The device comprises: a visualized autoclave system, including an autoclave with a first visualized transparent window; a double-continuous-phase particle accumulation experimental model placed in the autoclave opposite to the first visualized transparent window, which comprises: a Hele-Shaw glass model, a double-continuous-phase suspension accommodated in the Hele-Shaw glass model, which is prepared by mixing a saturated solution of an alkaline calcium compound with a set amount of water-insoluble calcium salt, and inert particles uniformly accumulated in the double-continuous-phase suspension; a carbon dioxide injection system for injecting carbon dioxide gas into the autoclave in a set manner; and an information acquisition and regulation system for acquiring environmental parameters in the autoclave and image information of the double-continuous-phase particle accumulation experimental model during the formation dissolution experiment. The carbon dioxide storage in a saline aquifer and the formation dissolution process can be simulated and visually monitored under experimental conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide geological storage technology, specifically to an experimental apparatus and method for geological dissolution of strata in carbon dioxide geological storage. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon sequestration refers to the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas underground to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and thus mitigate global climate change. There are four main methods of geological carbon dioxide sequestration: tectonic sequestration, residual gas sequestration, dissolution sequestration, and mineralization sequestration. Dissolution sequestration refers to carbon dioxide molecules dissolving in brine within the pores of rocks. Mineralization sequestration refers to carbon dioxide dissolving in brine within rocks and reacting with minerals in the rocks to form carbonates, achieving a permanent carbon sequestration effect.

[0003] Current research on carbon dioxide geological sequestration mainly involves dissolution sequestration and mineralization sequestration. When carbon dioxide-rich saline aquifers come into contact with the formation for extended periods, they react with minerals in the formation to form carbonates. Therefore, studies on the dissolution modes and rates of the formation are helpful in estimating the stability and timescale of carbon dioxide geological sequestration.

[0004] Because the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions required for geological dissolution are difficult to replicate in the laboratory, the dissolution rate is extremely slow and difficult to observe in the laboratory, making quantitative research challenging. Currently, no equipment exists capable of simulating geological dissolution during carbon dioxide sequestration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an experimental apparatus and method to simulate geological dissolution under CO2 sequestration conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes an experimental apparatus and method for stratum dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] One objective of this invention is to simulate and visualize the monitoring of carbon dioxide sequestration and formation dissolution processes in saline aquifers under experimental conditions.

[0007] A further objective of this invention is to achieve constant pressure / constant volume dual-mode injection of carbon dioxide, thereby providing multiple experimental conditions for studying the kinetic characteristics of carbon dioxide dissolution.

[0008] In particular, according to one aspect of the present invention, an experimental apparatus for detecting formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage is provided, comprising:

[0009] A visualization autoclave system includes an autoclave having a first transparent visualization window;

[0010] A dual-continuous-phase particle packing experimental model is placed inside the autoclave, opposite the first transparent visualization window. The dual-continuous-phase particle packing experimental model includes:

[0011] Hele-Shaw glass model

[0012] Contained within a Hele-Shaw glass model, a bicontinuous suspension consisting of a saturated solution of an alkaline calcium compound and a predetermined amount of water-insoluble calcium salt, and

[0013] Inert particles uniformly packed and immersed in a bicontinuous phase suspension;

[0014] A carbon dioxide injection system, connected to an autoclave, for injecting carbon dioxide gas into the autoclave in a predetermined manner; and

[0015] The information acquisition and control system is used to acquire environmental parameters inside the autoclave and image information of the dual continuous phase particle accumulation experimental model during the formation dissolution experiment.

[0016] Optionally, the inert particles are transparent particles;

[0017] The transparent particles are glass beads with a particle size of 0.05–1.0 mm.

[0018] Optionally, the alkaline calcium compound is calcium hydroxide, and the water-insoluble calcium salt is calcium carbonate.

[0019] Optionally, the carbon dioxide injection system includes a constant-pressure carbon dioxide injection unit and / or a constant-volume carbon dioxide injection unit.

[0020] Optionally, the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit includes: a carbon dioxide cylinder, a first pressure-bearing pipeline connecting the carbon dioxide cylinder and the autoclave, and a first shut-off valve, a one-way pressure reducing valve, and a second shut-off valve arranged sequentially on the first pressure-bearing pipeline in the direction from the carbon dioxide cylinder to the autoclave.

[0021] Optionally, the carbon dioxide constant volume injection unit includes: a carbon dioxide cylinder, a second pressure-bearing pipeline connecting the carbon dioxide cylinder and the autoclave, and a third shut-off valve, a volume adjustable high-pressure vessel, and a fourth shut-off valve arranged sequentially on the second pressure-bearing pipeline in the direction from the carbon dioxide cylinder to the autoclave.

[0022] Optionally, the information collection and control system includes:

[0023] A temperature detector, connected to the autoclave, is used to detect the temperature inside the autoclave;

[0024] A pressure detector, connected to the autoclave, is used to detect the pressure inside the autoclave;

[0025] An image acquisition device, positioned on one side of the first transparent visualization window of the autoclave, is configured to acquire image information of the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model through the first transparent visualization window; and

[0026] A computing device is connected to a temperature detector, a pressure detector, and an image acquisition device, respectively, and is configured to acquire and store data from the temperature detector, pressure detector, and image acquisition device;

[0027] The image acquisition device is a camera.

[0028] Optionally, the information collection and control system may also include:

[0029] A display, connected to a computing device, is used to display data acquired by the computing device; and / or

[0030] The temperature control unit is connected to the autoclave and is used to regulate the temperature inside the autoclave.

[0031] Optionally, the autoclave also has a second transparent viewing window located on the opposite side from the side where the first transparent viewing window is located;

[0032] The visualization autoclave system also includes: a planar light source, positioned outside the second visualization transparent window;

[0033] The first and second transparent visualization windows are made of sapphire glass.

[0034] According to another aspect of the present invention, an experimental method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage is also provided, which utilizes the aforementioned experimental apparatus for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage, and the method includes:

[0035] A bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model was constructed and placed in the autoclave of a visualization autoclave system.

[0036] Adjust the temperature inside the autoclave to the preset temperature;

[0037] Formation dissolution experiments were conducted by injecting carbon dioxide gas into the autoclave in the desired manner using a carbon dioxide injection system.

[0038] The environmental parameters inside the autoclave and the image information of the bicontinuous phase particle accumulation experimental model were collected during the formation dissolution experiment using an information acquisition and control system.

[0039] Optionally, the steps for creating a bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model include:

[0040] Prepare a saturated alkaline calcium compound solution by adding a predetermined amount of water-insoluble calcium salt to the saturated alkaline calcium compound solution and mixing to obtain a suspension;

[0041] The suspension was placed in a Hele-Shaw glass model, and then inert particles were added to the Hele-Shaw glass model; and

[0042] The Hele-Shaw glass model was vibrated to make the inert particles pack uniformly, thus obtaining a bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model.

[0043] Environmental parameters include the temperature and pressure inside the autoclave;

[0044] Experimental methods for stratum dissolution in carbon dioxide geological sequestration also include:

[0045] Based on the collected temperature and pressure data from the autoclave and the image information from the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model, the formation dissolution modes and rates were analyzed.

[0046] Optionally, the carbon dioxide injection system includes a constant pressure carbon dioxide injection unit and / or a constant volume carbon dioxide injection unit;

[0047] The steps for conducting formation dissolution experiments by injecting carbon dioxide gas into an autoclave using a carbon dioxide injection system in the desired manner include:

[0048] Adjust the one-way pressure reducing valve of the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit to the preset pressure, and open the first and second shut-off valves of the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit, located before and after the one-way pressure reducing valve respectively, to inject carbon dioxide into the autoclave until the pressure in the autoclave reaches the preset pressure; or

[0049] Adjust the volume-adjustable high-pressure vessel of the carbon dioxide constant-volume injection unit to the preset volume, open the third shut-off valve before the volume-adjustable high-pressure vessel to fill the volume-adjustable high-pressure vessel with carbon dioxide gas to the set pressure, close the third shut-off valve and open the fourth shut-off valve after the volume-adjustable high-pressure vessel to allow the carbon dioxide gas to migrate from the volume-adjustable high-pressure vessel to fill the autoclave.

[0050] The experimental apparatus and method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage provided by this invention employs a bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model, consisting of a Hele-Shaw glass model, a saturated alkaline calcium compound solution, water-insoluble calcium salts, and inert particles, to simulate the porous media structure and chemical environment of the formation. This allows for a realistic simulation of the complex physical and chemical conditions within the formation, ensuring the reliability and repeatability of the experimental results. Furthermore, it overcomes the opacity of natural rock cores, improving the reaction rate. Simultaneously, a visualized autoclave, combined with an information acquisition and control system, enables real-time monitoring and recording of environmental parameters within the autoclave and image information of the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model during the carbon dioxide dissolution experiment. This allows for precise measurement and real-time recording of key parameters during the experiment, ensuring full controllability and traceability of the experimental process and providing a solid foundation for subsequent data analysis.

[0051] Furthermore, the experimental apparatus and method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage provided by the present invention, by employing a carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit including a one-way pressure reducing valve and a carbon dioxide constant volume injection unit including a volume adjustable high pressure container, can achieve precise injection of carbon dioxide under constant pressure or constant volume, thereby enabling constant pressure and constant volume experiments to be carried out respectively, providing a variety of experimental conditions for studying the kinetic characteristics of carbon dioxide dissolution process.

[0052] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below.

[0053] The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, some embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the same reference numerals may indicate the same or similar parts or components in different drawings; the drawings of the present invention are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0055] In the attached diagram:

[0056] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for geological carbon dioxide sequestration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the fabrication of a bicontinuous phase particle accumulation experimental model for an experimental apparatus for geological dissolution of carbon dioxide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-pressure autoclave system, which is a visualization of an experimental apparatus for geological dissolution of carbon dioxide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide injection system of an experimental apparatus for geological carbon dioxide sequestration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the information acquisition and control system of an experimental apparatus for geological dissolution in carbon dioxide storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart of an experimental method for geological carbon dioxide sequestration according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described below are merely a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments of the present invention. These partial embodiments are intended to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Based on the embodiments provided by the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] Furthermore, one or more examples of embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation and is not intended to limit the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used with another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment.

[0064] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," which indicate direction or positional relationships, are based on the direction or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These are used merely for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0065] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection through intermediate components, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0066] Studies on the dissolution modes and rates of strata are helpful in estimating the stability and timescale of carbon dioxide geological sequestration. Existing techniques generally focus on devices or methods for studying the dissolution of rock samples by carbon dioxide under high temperature and pressure, or on phase changes. This involves injecting high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide into a reactor, reacting it with the rock sample inside, and then removing the sample after the reaction to measure the compositional changes.

[0067] For example, one related document discloses a batch experimental apparatus for the water-rock reaction in CO2 geological sequestration. This apparatus includes a detachable reactor head and body, a constant-temperature heating system around the reactor body, and batch experimental procedures. This apparatus can meet the temperature and pressure requirements of the CO2-water-rock reaction, allowing for the addition of sufficient amounts of water, rock, and gas samples without introducing air during the gas addition process, and maintaining constant pressure and temperature throughout the reaction. This simulates the CO2-water-rock reaction in real underground rock formations, providing an important means of understanding the reaction of various substances in the rock formations with carbon dioxide, thereby preventing rock dissolution during carbon sequestration. However, this method only involves reacting real rock samples with carbon dioxide and water under high temperature and pressure, and the reaction time is long. The compositional changes can only be determined by testing the samples after the reaction; real-time observation of the reaction is not possible.

[0068] Another related document discloses an experimental setup and method for simulating the CO2-water-rock reaction under formation conditions. This setup includes a high-temperature, high-pressure in-situ sampling system, a data acquisition system, an exhaust gas analysis system, a gas-liquid injection system, and a reaction vessel system. This setup can monitor the dynamic changes in temperature, pressure, and pH over time during the reaction process in real time. It can use different rock samples to analyze their pressure decay curves in depth and obtain the gas dissolution-diffusion coefficient. Simultaneously, the setup also considers the influence of impurities in the carbon dioxide gas on the dissolution process. However, this setup, like other similar setups, only applies to real rock samples.

[0069] Another related document discloses a water-rock reaction device and its operation method for simulating a closed formation environment. The device consists of several systems: a fluid preparation and delivery system, a simultaneous reaction and sampling system, and an information acquisition and processing system. The simultaneous reaction and sampling system includes at least two reaction vessels: a first reaction vessel for containing fluid and rock samples, used to simulate the water-rock reaction process occurring in a closed formation environment, and for preparing replenishing fluid; and a second reaction vessel connected to the first reaction vessel via pipeline, used to contain fluid and rock samples, and reacting synchronously with the first reaction vessel. This solves the previous problem of not being able to simultaneously achieve real-time sampling and monitoring and system closure, thus simulating the water-rock reaction process occurring in a closed formation environment.

[0070] Another related paper discloses a visualization testing device and method for the carbon dioxide-water phase in porous media. Its key feature is the establishment of a porous media model by filling a sample cylinder with quartz sand, which then reacts with groundwater containing dissolved carbon dioxide under constant temperature and pressure. During depressurization, the system pressure and the volume of gas and water released are recorded, and the phase changes in the porous media during depressurization are observed through an observation window. This scheme can simulate the geological burial of carbon dioxide in deep saline layers and abandoned gas reservoirs, as well as the development of water vapor reservoirs and water-soluble gas reservoirs. However, this scheme does not use an autoclave to apply high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, making it difficult to simulate real underground conditions. Furthermore, this paper focuses on phase changes under pressure variations and does not provide quantitative analysis of the chemical dissolution rate of rocks or soluble particles and pore evolution.

[0071] It is evident that current related technologies all involve reacting rock samples with carbon dioxide, lacking real-time optical visualization of the dissolution front in porous media. Furthermore, the reaction rate of rock samples in these experiments is extremely slow, resulting in long experimental cycles and prohibitively high time costs for repeating the experiments.

[0072] To address the problem that existing technologies cannot efficiently simulate the dissolution process of strata in carbon dioxide geological storage, this invention provides an experimental apparatus 100 for strata dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage.

[0073] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus 100 for geological carbon dioxide sequestration according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fabrication of a bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 for an experimental apparatus 100 for geological dissolution of carbon dioxide in a geological storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-pressure autoclave system 110 of the experimental apparatus 100 for geological dissolution of carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide geological storage according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide injection system 130 of an experimental apparatus 100 for geological carbon dioxide sequestration according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the information acquisition and control system 140 of an experimental apparatus 100 for geological dissolution in carbon dioxide sequestration according to an embodiment of the present invention. See below for reference. Figures 1 to 5 The structure of the experimental apparatus 100 for geological carbon dioxide sequestration of the present invention will be described.

[0074] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the experimental apparatus 100 for geological carbon dioxide sequestration of the present invention generally includes a visualization autoclave system 110, a dual continuous phase particle packing experimental model 120, a carbon dioxide injection system 130, and an information acquisition and control system 140.

[0075] The visualized autoclave system 110 includes an autoclave 8. The autoclave 8 can be configured to withstand a high pressure of 20 MPa.

[0076] The autoclave 8 has a first transparent viewing window 6 on one side. The first transparent viewing window 6 may be made of a transparent material, including but not limited to sapphire glass.

[0077] The bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 is placed inside the autoclave 8 at a position opposite to the first visual transparent window 6, so that the state of the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 can be observed or recorded directly through the first visual transparent window 6 or by instruments.

[0078] Specifically, the bicontinuous-phase particle packing experimental model 120 includes: a Hele-Shaw glass model 1; a bicontinuous-phase suspension 2 contained within the Hele-Shaw glass model 1, consisting of a saturated solution of alkaline calcium compound and a predetermined amount of water-insoluble calcium salt; and inert particles 3 uniformly packed and immersed in the bicontinuous-phase suspension 2. The inert particles 3 simulate a porous media structure. The bicontinuous phase refers to a solid continuous phase of water-insoluble calcium salt and a liquid continuous phase of a saturated solution of alkaline calcium compound.

[0079] The Hele-Shaw glass model 1 can be made of commercially available glass, and its internal cavity dimensions can be customized according to actual needs. In some optional embodiments, the internal cavity dimensions of the Hele-Shaw glass model 1 can be width × height × thickness = 60 × 90 × 2 mm.

[0080] The carbon dioxide injection system 130 is connected to the autoclave 8 and is used to inject carbon dioxide gas into the autoclave 8 in a predetermined manner. The predetermined manner may include, for example, constant pressure injection and / or constant volume injection.

[0081] The information acquisition and control system 140 is used to acquire environmental parameters inside the autoclave 8 and image information of the dual continuous phase particle accumulation experimental model 120 during the formation dissolution experiment. Environmental parameters may include, but are not limited to, temperature and pressure inside the autoclave 8.

[0082] The experimental apparatus 100 for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage provided in this embodiment of the invention employs a bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120, formed by a Hele-Shaw glass model 1, a saturated alkaline calcium compound solution, water-insoluble calcium salts, and inert particles 3, to simulate the porous media structure and chemical environment of the formation. This allows for a realistic simulation of the complex physical and chemical conditions within the formation, ensuring the reliability and repeatability of the experimental results. Furthermore, it overcomes the opacity of natural rock cores, improving the reaction rate. Simultaneously, a visual autoclave 8, combined with an information acquisition and control system 140, is used to monitor and record in real time the environmental parameters within the autoclave 8 and the image information of the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 during the carbon dioxide dissolution experiment. This enables precise measurement and real-time recording of key parameters during the experiment, ensuring full controllability and traceability of the experimental process and providing a solid foundation for subsequent data analysis.

[0083] Inert particles 3 refer to particles that do not participate in formation dissolution reactions (i.e., the complex reactions between carbon dioxide dissolved in water under high temperature and pressure and the liquid phase calcium solution and the solid phase calcium salt). In some preferred embodiments, inert particles 3 are transparent particles. By using transparent inert particles 3 to simulate the porous medium of the formation, it is easier to observe the real-time dissolution modes inside.

[0084] In some specific embodiments, the inert particles 3 are glass beads. Glass beads have good light transmittance, which can well meet the requirements of inertness in simulating porous media and the requirements of visualization and monitoring.

[0085] In some embodiments, the particle size of the inert particles 3 can be selected as any value within the range of 0.05 to 1.0 mm, such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 mm, etc., in order to more realistically simulate the porous media structure of the formation.

[0086] Creating an alkaline environment using a saturated solution of an alkaline calcium compound is beneficial for the continued progress of the dissolution reaction. In some embodiments, the alkaline calcium compound is calcium hydroxide, and the water-insoluble calcium salt is calcium carbonate.

[0087] The amount of water-insoluble calcium salt can be set according to the actual needs of the simulated formation dissolution reaction, so as to ensure that the simulated carbon dioxide dissolution reaction of the formation is fully carried out.

[0088] In some embodiments, the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 can be fabricated as follows: First, a saturated solution of an alkaline calcium compound is prepared, and a predetermined amount of water-insoluble calcium salt is added to the saturated solution and mixed to obtain a suspension 2. Then, the obtained suspension 2 is placed in a Hele-Shaw glass model 1, and inert particles 3 are placed into the Hele-Shaw glass model 1. Finally, the Hele-Shaw glass model 1 is vibrated to ensure that the inert particles 3 are uniformly packed, thus obtaining the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120.

[0089] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fabrication of a dual-continuous-phase particle packing experimental model 120 for an experimental apparatus 100 used in carbon dioxide geological sequestration according to an embodiment of the present invention. See also... Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, an ultrasonic cleaner 4 can be used for vibration operation. Specifically, the Hele-Shaw glass model 1 containing the suspension 2 and inert particles 3 is placed in the ultrasonic cleaner 4 and immersed in the ultrasonic cleaning fluid 5 (note that the upper opening of the Hele-Shaw glass model 1 should be sealed at this time), and ultrasonically vibrated for about 20 minutes to mix the suspension 2 and inert particles 3 evenly.

[0090] See Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the autoclave 8 also has a second transparent visualization window 7 located on the opposite side from the first transparent visualization window 6. The autoclave visualization system 110 may also include a planar light source 9, which is located outside the second transparent visualization window 7, thereby positioning the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 between the first transparent visualization window 6 and the second transparent visualization window 7. By providing background light to the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 with the planar light source 9, it is easier to clearly observe the state of the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 from the first transparent visualization window 6, and it is also beneficial for the information acquisition and control system 140 to acquire image information of the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120.

[0091] The second transparent visualization window 7 may be made of a transparent material, including but not limited to sapphire glass.

[0092] In some embodiments, the planar light source 9 may be an LED planar light source 9.

[0093] In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide injection system 130 may include a constant-pressure carbon dioxide injection unit and / or a constant-volume carbon dioxide injection unit, thereby enabling constant-pressure / constant-volume dual-mode injection of carbon dioxide, thus providing a variety of experimental conditions for studying the kinetic characteristics of the carbon dioxide dissolution process.

[0094] See Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit may include: a carbon dioxide cylinder 10, a first pressure-bearing pipeline 11 connecting the carbon dioxide cylinder 10 and the autoclave 8, and a first shut-off valve 12, a one-way pressure reducing valve 13 and a second shut-off valve 23 sequentially arranged on the first pressure-bearing pipeline 11 in the direction from the carbon dioxide cylinder 10 to the autoclave 8.

[0095] See also Figure 4 In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide constant volume injection unit may include: a carbon dioxide cylinder 10, a second pressure-bearing pipeline 22 connecting the carbon dioxide cylinder 10 and the autoclave 8, and a third shut-off valve 24, a volume adjustable high-pressure container 14, and a fourth shut-off valve 25 sequentially arranged on the second pressure-bearing pipeline 22 in the direction from the carbon dioxide cylinder 10 to the autoclave 8.

[0096] In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit and the carbon dioxide constant volume injection unit may share the same carbon dioxide cylinder 10.

[0097] In some embodiments, the pipe section before the first shut-off valve 12 of the first pressure-bearing pipeline 11 and the pipe section before the third shut-off valve 24 of the second pressure-bearing pipeline 22 may be the same pipe section that is shared.

[0098] Similarly, the pipe section after the second shut-off valve 23 of the first pressure-bearing pipeline 11 and the pipe section after the fourth shut-off valve 25 of the second pressure-bearing pipeline 22 can be the same pipe section that is shared.

[0099] To facilitate the control of the carbon dioxide cylinder 10, a valve can also be installed at the outlet of the carbon dioxide cylinder 10.

[0100] In this embodiment of the invention, by employing a carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit including a one-way pressure reducing valve 13 and a carbon dioxide constant volume injection unit including a volume adjustable high pressure container 14, precise injection of carbon dioxide under constant pressure or constant volume can be achieved, thereby enabling constant pressure and constant volume experiments to be carried out respectively, providing a variety of experimental conditions for studying the kinetic characteristics of carbon dioxide dissolution process.

[0101] See Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments, the information acquisition and control system 140 may specifically include: a temperature detector 15, connected to the autoclave 8, for detecting the temperature inside the autoclave 8; a pressure detector 16, connected to the autoclave 8, for detecting the pressure inside the autoclave 8; an image acquisition device 17, disposed on one side of the first visual transparent window 6 of the autoclave 8, configured to acquire image information of the dual continuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 through the first visual transparent window 6; and a computing device 18, connected to the temperature detector 15, the pressure detector 16 and the image acquisition device 17 respectively, configured to acquire and store data from the temperature detector 15, the pressure detector 16 and the image acquisition device 17.

[0102] The temperature detector 15 can be any suitable temperature detection instrument, including but not limited to a temperature sensor.

[0103] The pressure detector 16 can be any suitable pressure detection instrument, including but not limited to pressure sensors.

[0104] In some embodiments, the image acquisition device 17 may be a camera, which is able to acquire and record video of the formation dissolution experiment process of the bicontinuous phase particle accumulation experimental model 120.

[0105] In some embodiments, computing device 18 may be a computer host.

[0106] See also Figure 5 In some embodiments, the information acquisition and control system 140 may further include a display 19 connected to the computing device 18 for displaying data acquired by the computing device 18 (including temperature detected by temperature detector 15, pressure detected by pressure detector 16, and image information acquired by image acquisition device 17).

[0107] In some embodiments, the information acquisition and control system 140 may further include a temperature control unit (not shown). The temperature control unit is connected to the autoclave 8 and is used to regulate the temperature inside the autoclave 8. The temperature control unit may be, for example, an electric heater (heating) and / or an air conditioner (cooling and heating).

[0108] Based on the same technical concept, the present invention also provides an experimental method for the dissolution of strata in carbon dioxide geological storage. This experimental method can be carried out using the aforementioned experimental apparatus 100 for the dissolution of strata in carbon dioxide geological storage.

[0109] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating an experimental method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage according to an embodiment of the present invention. See also... Figure 6 As shown, the experimental method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage of the present invention may include at least the following steps S602 to S608.

[0110] Step S602: Create a bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 and place the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 in the autoclave 8 of the visualization autoclave system 110.

[0111] Step S604: Adjust the temperature inside the autoclave 8 to the preset temperature.

[0112] Step S606: Carbon dioxide gas is injected into the autoclave 8 through the carbon dioxide injection system 130 in the desired manner to conduct a formation dissolution experiment.

[0113] Step S608: The environmental parameters inside the autoclave 8 and the image information of the dual continuous phase particle accumulation experimental model 120 are collected by the information acquisition and control system 140 during the formation dissolution experiment.

[0114] In some embodiments, the steps of creating a bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 may include:

[0115] Prepare a saturated alkaline calcium compound solution by adding a predetermined amount of water-insoluble calcium salt to the saturated alkaline calcium compound solution and mixing to obtain suspension 2;

[0116] The suspension 2 was placed in the Hele-Shaw glass model 1, and then inert particles 3 were placed into the Hele-Shaw glass model 1.

[0117] The Hele-Shaw glass model 1 was vibrated to make the inert particles 3 uniformly stacked, thus obtaining the experimental model 120 of the bicontinuous phase particle stacking.

[0118] In some specific embodiments, the alkaline calcium compound is calcium hydroxide, the water-insoluble calcium salt is calcium carbonate, and the inert particles 3 are glass beads.

[0119] In one specific embodiment, an ultrasonic cleaner 4 is used to ultrasonically vibrate the Hele-Shaw glass model 1 containing the suspension 2 and inert particles 3, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0120] In some embodiments, the collected environmental parameters may include the temperature and pressure inside the autoclave 8.

[0121] Following step S608, the experimental method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage may further include the following steps:

[0122] Based on the collected temperature and pressure data inside the autoclave 8 and the image information of the bicontinuous phase particle accumulation experimental model 120, the formation dissolution mode and rate were analyzed.

[0123] Optionally, qualitative observation of the corrosion morphology can be obtained through visually perceptible video information of the corrosion. After image processing of the corrosion images, quantitative data (such as corrosion rate) can be obtained by combining them with temperature and pressure information. Image processing algorithms can employ Gaussian blur algorithms, fast Fourier transforms, etc. These processing algorithms should be well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here to avoid obscuring or obscuring the focus of this invention.

[0124] In some embodiments, the setting method can be a constant pressure injection method. The step of injecting carbon dioxide gas into the autoclave 8 through the carbon dioxide injection system 130 in the desired setting method for conducting a formation dissolution experiment may specifically include: adjusting the one-way pressure reducing valve 13 of the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit to a preset pressure, and opening the first shut-off valve 12 and the second shut-off valve 23 of the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit, which are respectively located before and after the one-way pressure reducing valve 13, to inject carbon dioxide into the autoclave 8 until the pressure in the autoclave 8 reaches the preset pressure.

[0125] In other embodiments, the setting method can be a constant volume injection method. The steps of injecting carbon dioxide gas into the autoclave 8 through the carbon dioxide injection system 130 in the desired setting method for conducting a formation dissolution experiment may specifically include: adjusting the volume adjustable high-pressure container 14 of the carbon dioxide constant volume injection unit to a preset volume, opening the third shut-off valve 24 before the volume adjustable high-pressure container 14 to fill the volume adjustable high-pressure container 14 with carbon dioxide gas to a set pressure, closing the third shut-off valve 24 and opening the fourth shut-off valve 25 after the volume adjustable high-pressure container 14 to allow carbon dioxide gas to migrate from the volume adjustable high-pressure container 14 to fill the autoclave 8.

[0126] The above describes various implementation methods of the experimental apparatus 100 and method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage. The following will describe in detail the operation process of the experimental apparatus 100 and method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage of the present invention through specific embodiments.

[0127] Example 1

[0128] The experimental method for geological dissolution of carbon dioxide in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0129] Step (1): First, inject the suspension 2 into the Hele-Shaw glass model 1, then inject the glass bead particles 3 into the Hele-Shaw glass model 1, and finally place it in the ultrasonic cleaner 4, immerse it in the ultrasonic cleaning liquid 5, and vibrate for about twenty minutes to finally obtain the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120.

[0130] Step (2): Place the dual continuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 inside the autoclave 8 with two transparent sapphire glass windows at the front and back for visualization. Place a background LED planar light source 9 outside the viewing window on the opposite side of the observation side to check the airtightness of the autoclave 8.

[0131] Step (3): Record the experimental temperature using the temperature sensor 15 in the information acquisition and control system 140.

[0132] Step (4): Adjust the one-way pressure reducing valve 13 in the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit to the experimental pressure, open the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit, and fill the autoclave 8 with carbon dioxide gas.

[0133] Step (5): Use camera 17 in information acquisition and control system 140 to record the constant pressure experiment process.

[0134] Step (6): After the experiment, the formation dissolution mode and rate are analyzed by combining the temperature data, pressure data and experimental image data recorded in the information acquisition and control system 140.

[0135] Example 2

[0136] The experimental method for geological dissolution of carbon dioxide in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0137] Step (1): First, inject the suspension 2 into the Hele-Shaw glass model 1, then inject the glass bead particles 3 into the Hele-Shaw glass model 1, and finally place it in the ultrasonic cleaner 4, immerse it in the ultrasonic cleaning liquid 5, and vibrate for about twenty minutes to finally obtain the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model 120.

[0138] Step (2): Place the dual continuous phase particle packing experimental model 120 inside the autoclave 8 with two transparent sapphire glass windows at the front and back for visualization. Place a background LED planar light source 9 outside the viewing window on the opposite side of the observation side to check the airtightness of the autoclave 8.

[0139] Step (3): Record the experimental temperature using the temperature sensor 15 in the information acquisition and control system 140.

[0140] Step (4): Adjust the volume adjustable high-pressure container 14 in the carbon dioxide constant volume injection unit to the experimental volume, open the carbon dioxide constant volume injection unit, and fill the high-pressure vessel 8 with carbon dioxide gas.

[0141] Step (5): Use camera 17 in information acquisition and control system 140 to record the constant volume experiment process.

[0142] Step (6): After the experiment, the formation dissolution mode and rate are analyzed by combining the temperature data, pressure data and experimental image data recorded in the information acquisition and control system 140.

[0143] The experimental apparatus 100 and method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage of this invention employ a visualized high-pressure reactor 8 and a Hele-Shaw particle packing model. By configuring a bicontinuous phase particle packing model in the Hele-Shaw model, the opacity of natural rock cores is overcome, and the reaction rate is improved. In this experimental method, carbon dioxide is injected into the temperature-controlled high-pressure reactor 8, reacting with the solution in the model. The real-time reaction is observed through a visualized transparent window, while the temperature and pressure inside the reactor are monitored and recorded in real time, thereby determining the dissolution process of the solution within the reactor. This allows for quantitative calculation and prediction of the dissolution process in real underground rock formations. This experimental apparatus 100 and method not only achieve high-pressure visualization, constant-pressure / constant-volume dual-mode injection, and real-time information acquisition, but also allow for real-time observation of porosity and dissolution front evolution at the microscopic scale, providing greater intuitiveness and enabling precise research on formation dissolution processes.

[0144] This experimental apparatus 100, through the coordinated operation of the visualization autoclave system 110, the dual continuous phase particle packing experimental model 120, the carbon dioxide injection system 130, and the information acquisition and control system 140, can simulate and monitor the sequestration of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers and the formation dissolution process under laboratory conditions.

[0145] Specifically, the design of the dual-continuous-phase particle packing experimental model 120 can realistically simulate the complex physical and chemical conditions in the formation, ensuring the reliability and repeatability of the experimental results.

[0146] The Visualized Autoclave System 110 utilizes a visualized autoclave 8 equipped with a sapphire glass window, combined with temperature and pressure sensors and a high-definition camera, to record the entire carbon dioxide dissolution experiment in real time. This system's design allows for the precise measurement and recording of key parameters during the experiment, providing a solid foundation for subsequent data analysis.

[0147] The carbon dioxide injection system 130 can accurately inject carbon dioxide at constant pressure or constant volume, thereby enabling constant pressure and constant volume experiments to be carried out respectively, providing a variety of experimental conditions for studying the kinetic characteristics of carbon dioxide dissolution process.

[0148] The information acquisition and control system 140 integrates multiple sensors and data acquisition modules, enabling real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, and image information during the experiment. Through the computer host and monitor 19, experimental data can be displayed and recorded in real time, ensuring full controllability and traceability of the experimental process.

[0149] The technical solution of this invention has comprehensive and systematic experimental design and high-precision experimental control capabilities, providing a powerful tool for in-depth research on the formation dissolution mechanism in the process of carbon dioxide geological storage.

[0150] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0151] Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that although numerous exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications conforming to the principles of the present invention can be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the scope of the present invention should be understood and construed as covering all such other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for the dissolution of strata in carbon dioxide geological storage, comprising: A visualization autoclave system includes an autoclave having a first transparent visualization window; A dual-continuous-phase particle packing experimental model is placed inside the autoclave, opposite to the first transparent visualization window. The dual-continuous-phase particle packing experimental model includes: Hele-Shaw glass model Contained within the Hele-Shaw glass model, a bicontinuous phase suspension consisting of a saturated solution of an alkaline calcium compound and a predetermined amount of water-insoluble calcium salt, and Inert particles uniformly deposited and immersed in the bicontinuous phase suspension; A carbon dioxide injection system, connected to the autoclave, for injecting carbon dioxide gas into the autoclave in a predetermined manner; and The information acquisition and control system is used to acquire environmental parameters inside the high-pressure vessel and image information of the dual continuous phase particle accumulation experimental model during the formation dissolution experiment. The inert particles are transparent particles; The transparent particles are glass beads with a particle size of 0.05~1.0 mm; Wherein, the alkaline calcium compound is calcium hydroxide, and the water-insoluble calcium salt is calcium carbonate; The carbon dioxide injection system includes a constant pressure carbon dioxide injection unit and / or a constant volume carbon dioxide injection unit. The carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit includes: a carbon dioxide cylinder, a first pressure-bearing pipeline connecting the carbon dioxide cylinder and the autoclave, and a first shut-off valve, a one-way pressure reducing valve and a second shut-off valve arranged sequentially on the first pressure-bearing pipeline along the direction from the carbon dioxide cylinder to the autoclave. The carbon dioxide constant volume injection unit includes: a carbon dioxide cylinder, a second pressure-bearing pipeline connecting the carbon dioxide cylinder and the autoclave, and a third shut-off valve, a volume adjustable high-pressure container, and a fourth shut-off valve arranged sequentially on the second pressure-bearing pipeline along the direction from the carbon dioxide cylinder to the autoclave.

2. The experimental apparatus for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage according to claim 1, wherein, The information acquisition and control system includes: A temperature detector, connected to the autoclave, is used to detect the temperature inside the autoclave; A pressure detector, connected to the autoclave, is used to detect the pressure inside the autoclave; An image acquisition device, disposed on one side of the first transparent visualization window of the autoclave, is configured to acquire image information of the dual-continuous-phase particle packing experimental model through the first transparent visualization window; and A computing device is connected to the temperature detector, the pressure detector, and the image acquisition device, respectively, and is configured to acquire and store data from the temperature detector, the pressure detector, and the image acquisition device; The image acquisition device is a camera.

3. The experimental apparatus for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological sequestration according to claim 2, wherein, The information acquisition and control system also includes: A display, connected to the computing device, is used to display data acquired by the computing device; and / or A temperature control unit, connected to the autoclave, is used to regulate the temperature inside the autoclave.

4. The experimental apparatus for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological sequestration according to claim 1, wherein, The autoclave also has a second transparent visual window located on the opposite side of the first transparent visual window; The visualization autoclave system further includes: a planar light source, disposed outside the second visualization transparent window; The first and second transparent visualization windows are made of sapphire glass.

5. An experimental method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage, using the experimental apparatus for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage according to any one of claims 1-4, the method comprising: The bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model was fabricated and placed in the autoclave of the visualization autoclave system. Adjust the temperature inside the autoclave to the preset temperature; Carbon dioxide gas is injected into the autoclave in the desired manner through the carbon dioxide injection system to conduct a formation dissolution experiment. The information acquisition and control system collects environmental parameters inside the autoclave and image information of the bicontinuous phase particle accumulation experimental model during the formation dissolution experiment.

6. The experimental method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological sequestration according to claim 5, wherein, The steps for creating the bicontinuous phase particle packing experimental model include: Prepare a saturated solution of alkaline calcium compound by adding a predetermined amount of water-insoluble calcium salt to the saturated solution of alkaline calcium compound and mixing to obtain a bicontinuous phase suspension; The bicontinuous phase suspension was placed in the Hele-Shaw glass model, and then inert particles were added to the Hele-Shaw glass model; and The Hele-Shaw glass model was vibrated to make the inert particles stack uniformly, thus obtaining the experimental model of the bicontinuous phase particle stacking. The environmental parameters include the temperature and pressure inside the autoclave; The experimental method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological sequestration also includes: The formation dissolution modes and rates were analyzed based on the collected temperature and pressure data inside the autoclave and the image information of the bicontinuous phase particle accumulation experimental model.

7. The experimental method for formation dissolution in carbon dioxide geological storage according to claim 5, wherein, The steps for conducting a formation dissolution experiment by injecting carbon dioxide gas into the autoclave using the carbon dioxide injection system in a desired manner include: Adjust the one-way pressure reducing valve of the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit to a preset pressure, and open the first and second shut-off valves of the carbon dioxide constant pressure injection unit, located before and after the one-way pressure reducing valve respectively, to inject carbon dioxide into the autoclave until the pressure in the autoclave reaches the preset pressure; or Adjust the volume-adjustable high-pressure container of the carbon dioxide constant-volume injection unit to a preset volume, open the third shut-off valve before the volume-adjustable high-pressure container to fill the volume-adjustable high-pressure container with carbon dioxide gas to a set pressure, close the third shut-off valve and open the fourth shut-off valve after the volume-adjustable high-pressure container to allow carbon dioxide gas to migrate from the volume-adjustable high-pressure container to fill the autoclave.

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