Method for preventing and controlling aphids of peach trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a peach aphid control method, and belongs to the technical field of peach aphid control, and the control method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) in the dormancy period of peach trees: cleaning tree trunk turnup bark and branch tips with worm eggs, and cleaning weeds between peach tree rows; lime sulfur is sprayed to branch bud axils, bark cracks and the surface of soil under the tree before germination; (2) a peach flower bud stage: spraying an aphid killing agent once in a peach flower bud red exposing stage; a honeydew removing agent and an aphid killing agent are sprayed one time 6-7 days after flowers wither; (3) in the growth period of peaches, 30-35 days after fruit setting, a honeydew removing agent and an aphid killing agent are sprayed once; (4) in the early stage of dormancy, in October to November, yellow plates coated with insect sticking glue are hung on the sunny faces of the peach trees.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of peach aphid control, and in particular to a peach aphid control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Peach (Amygdalus persica) belongs to Rosaceae and is one of the fruits that are deeply loved by the public, and has a long history of cultivation in China.

[0003] Aphids are an important class of pests that affect the yield and quality of peach fruits, and the aphids overwinter in the bud axils, tree branch gaps, and tree bark cracks in the form of eggs, the overwintering eggs hatch into adult aphids in spring, the adult aphids reproduce asexually to produce a large number of secondary aphids, and the aphids can undergo 10-20 generations in a year, and only the winged aphids migrate back in the early dormant period of the peach trees in October and November to reproduce sexually. The adult and nymph aphids mainly feed on the flower buds, tender leaves, and young buds of the peach trees, causing the peach leaves to wrinkle and deform, and the flowers and fruits to fall. After the aphids feed on the plant sap, they will excrete a viscous liquid honeydew, and the composition of the honeydew is affected by the host plant. The main components of the honeydew produced by general aphids include water, glucose, sucrose, and a small amount of amino acids, while the sap of the peach tree is rich in gum, so the honeydew produced by the peach aphids contains a large amount of gum in addition to the above components. As the water content of the honeydew increases, the viscosity continues to rise, and the honeydew adheres to the surface of the peach leaves and branches, affecting photosynthesis, hindering the penetration of pesticides and affecting the pesticide efficacy, and providing nutrients for the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, which can easily cause sooty mold.

[0004] The current methods for controlling peach aphids include chemical control, physical control, and biological control. The chemical control kills the aphids by using pesticides, and has good killing effect. The physical control mainly uses the methods of cleaning the branches and tree bark with aphid eggs and yellow plates to kill the aphids, and has good control effect on aphid eggs and winged aphids. The biological control mainly uses natural enemies of the aphids for control, and is safe and efficient, and harmless to the environment. However, the existing control methods can only kill the peach aphids, and the honeydew produced by the aphids still exists. In addition, the peach aphids reproduce rapidly, and need long-term control, and the honeydew still adheres to the peach leaves and branches during the control period, which harms the peach trees. Therefore, a new method for controlling peach aphids is needed to kill the aphids and alleviate the harm of the honeydew produced by the aphids. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for controlling peach aphids, which reduces the harm of the peach aphids to the peach trees, and solves the problem that the honeydew still adheres to the leaves during the control of the peach aphids, causing sooty mold.

[0006] The present application solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

[0007] (1) The peach tree dormancy period: in winter, clean the tree trunk and branches with insect eggs, and clean the weeds between the peach trees; in spring, spray the stone sulfur mixture in the branch bud axilla, the tree bark crack and the soil surface under the tree half a month before the peach tree sprouts;

[0008] (2) The peach tree flower bud period: spray the aphid killer once during the peach tree flower bud red period; spray the honey dew remover and the aphid killer once 6-7 days after the peach tree flowers;

[0009] (3) The peach growth period: spray the honey dew remover and the aphid killer once 30-35 days after the peach tree bears fruit;

[0010] (4) The pre-dormancy period: in October-November, hang the yellow plate coated with the sticky insect glue on the sunny side of the peach tree.

[0011] Further, the spraying amount of the honey dew remover during the peach tree flower bud period is 4-5 L per tree, and the spraying amount during the peach growth period is 6-7 L per tree.

[0012] Further, the aphid killer is one of flonicamid, pymetrozine, imidacloprid and spirotetramat, and different pesticides are selected for each round of spraying.

[0013] Further, the use method of the honey dew remover and the aphid killer is that the honey dew remover is sprayed first, and the aphid killer is sprayed 2 days later.

[0014] The peach aphid exists in the form of insect eggs in the branch bud axilla, the tree bark crack and the weeds under the tree during the peach tree dormancy period, and the number of insect eggs can be effectively reduced by scraping the tree trunk, cleaning the branches with insect eggs and the weeds between the peach trees; the insect eggs hatch when the peach tree sprouts in spring, the peach aphid has low drug resistance before the peach tree flowers, and the leaves expand after the peach tree flowers, so the spraying of the pesticide has good control effect, the different pesticides are alternately sprayed to prevent the aphid from developing drug resistance, in addition, the honey dew remover prepared in the application can reduce the adhesion of the peach aphid honey dew, reduce the leaf surface adhesion of the honey dew, enhance the use effect of the aphid killer, reduce the infection rate of the soot disease, and alleviate the harm of the peach aphid and the peach aphid honey dew to the peach tree; the winged aphid migrates back during the pre-dormancy period of the peach tree, and the yellow plate is hung on the sunny side of the peach tree to kill the migrating peach aphid by using the yellow light attraction of the aphid, so as to reduce the number of eggs and the base number of insect eggs in the coming year.

[0015] Further, the raw materials of the honey dew remover include stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, Tween 80, montmorillonite, gelatin and citric acid.

[0016] Further, the preparation method of the honey dew remover is as follows:

[0017] S1: mix the stearic acid with the thionyl chloride, reflux at 70-75 DEG C for 2-3 hours, and then spin at 30-40 DEG C for 15-20 minutes to obtain the activated stearic acid;

[0018] S2: After stirring the montmorillonite in water and making it uniform, let it stand for 24 hours to get a montmorillonite solution; dissolve the gelatin and adjust the pH to 3.5-4 with 1wt% citric acid solution, then add the acid gelatin solution to the montmorillonite solution in a water bath at 60-70℃, and let it react for 30-40 minutes, then filter, dry and crush to get the modified montmorillonite; add the modified montmorillonite to a 5wt% common gelatin solution, mix well, filter, dry and crush to get the synergist;

[0019] S3: Add the synergist to water, mix well, then add stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate and Tween 80, and emulsify by stirring to get the honeydew remover.

[0020] Further, the mass ratio of the stearic acid to the thionyl chloride is (1.8-2):1.

[0021] Further, the concentration of the montmorillonite solution is 1wt%, and the concentration of the acid gelatin solution is 2wt%.

[0022] Further, the volume ratio of the montmorillonite solution to the acid gelatin solution is 1:1, and the mass ratio of the modified montmorillonite to the common gelatin solution is 1:10.

[0023] Further, the drying temperature of the modified montmorillonite and the synergist is 60-65℃, and the crushing particle size is 0.3-0.5mm.

[0024] Further, the mass ratio of the synergist, water, activated stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate and Tween 80 is (2-3):100:(8-10):(4-5):1:3.

[0025] Further, the step S3 is operated before each use of the honeydew remover.

[0026] Honeydew is rich in saccharide, and sucrose is the key to affect the viscosity of honeydew, but the honeydew of Myzus persicae Sulzer contains more gum components cross-linked by macromolecular polysaccharide than the honeydew of other aphids, and small molecules such as sucrose and glucose are interspersed and dispersed in the entangled structure of the gum, further increasing the viscosity of the honeydew, resulting in that the viscosity of the honeydew of Myzus persicae Sulzer is greater than that of the honeydew of other aphids, and it is difficult to completely remove the honeydew by using conventional methods or reagents for removing honeydew. A honeydew removing agent is prepared in the application, and the main components are stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, Tween 80, montmorillonite, gelatin and citric acid, which can effectively remove the honeydew of Myzus persicae Sulzer with high viscosity. Stearic acid can react with sucrose to generate sucrose ester to improve the fluidity of honeydew, thereby reducing the viscosity of honeydew, but the reaction of stearic acid and sucrose requires high temperature of 100-130 DEG C, and the temperature requirement cannot be met when used in natural environment, so the stearic acid needs to be modified to reduce the reaction temperature to adapt to the removal of honeydew of Myzus persicae Sulzer in natural environment. In addition, the honeydew removing agent also adds potassium carbonate, ricinoleate and montmorillonite, and the potassium carbonate can catalyze the reaction of stearic acid and ricinoleate with the honeydew of Myzus persicae Sulzer. Under the catalysis of potassium carbonate, the ricinoleate destroys the crystal structure of the honeydew, exposes the active sites of sucrose, and further promotes the reaction of activated stearic acid and sucrose, thereby further improving the reactivity of stearic acid, reducing the viscosity of honeydew, improving the fluidity of honeydew, and promoting the adsorption of montmorillonite with adsorption effect to the honeydew of Myzus persicae Sulzer to make it drip from the leaf surface, thereby reducing the infection rate of sooty mould. Since the montmorillonite only has adsorption effect on small molecules under natural conditions, the adsorption effect of montmorillonite on the honeydew of Myzus persicae Sulzer containing more macromolecular substances is low, and the montmorillonite is modified in the application, the gelatin with flocculation effect is introduced into the montmorillonite by high-temperature intercalation treatment, and the adsorption and aggregation of the honeydew of Myzus persicae Sulzer are promoted to accelerate the dripping from the leaf. However, gelatin exhibits thickening effect in alkaline environment, and exhibits flocculation effect in slightly acidic environment, and the reduction of the viscosity of honeydew by stearic acid and ricinoleate requires alkaline catalyst, therefore, the acid gelatin solution is introduced during the intercalation treatment, and the intercalated montmorillonite is wrapped with ordinary gelatin to prevent the neutralization of the alkaline catalyst by the acid gelatin and affect the effect of the honeydew removing agent, and the honeydew removing agent can also prevent demulsification.

[0027] In addition, most of the commonly used aphid-killing agents are not suitable for alkaline conditions, and the acid gelatin released by the honeydew removing agent of the application can be neutralized with potassium carbonate to improve the alkaline environment and prevent the reduction of the aphid-killing effect of the aphid-killing agent.

[0028] Advantages:

[0029] The peach aphid control method disclosed by the application is suitable for the growth habits of aphids and peach trees, alternately uses pesticides to effectively control aphids, and prepares a honeydew removing agent, effectively reduces the adhesion of peach aphid honeydew, removes the honeydew attached to the peach tree, reduces the adhesion of newly generated peach aphid honeydew, reduces the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, and further reduces the infection rate of peach leaf soot disease. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The application will be described in detail below in combination with specific examples:

[0031] Example 1: Preparation of a honeydew removing agent

[0032] S1: 18g of stearic acid was mixed with 10g of thionyl chloride, refluxed at 70℃ for 3h, and then rotary evaporated at 30℃ for 20min to obtain activated stearic acid;

[0033] S2: Montmorillonite was stirred in water until uniform, and then swelled for 24h to obtain a 1wt% montmorillonite solution; gelatin was dissolved and then adjusted to pH=3.5 with a 1wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2wt% acid gelatin solution; 200ml of the acid gelatin solution was added to 200ml of the montmorillonite solution under the condition of a 60℃ water bath, mixed uniformly, reacted for 40min, filtered, dried by hot air at 60℃, and then crushed into modified montmorillonite with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm; 4g of the modified montmorillonite was mixed with 40g of a 5wt% ordinary gelatin solution, filtered, dried by hot air at 60℃, and then crushed to obtain a 0.3-0.5mm synergist;

[0034] S3: 2g of the synergist was added to 100g of water, mixed uniformly, and then 8g of activated stearic acid, 4g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate, and 3g of Tween 80 were added, stirred at a speed of 500r / min for 15min to obtain a honeydew removing agent in the form of an emulsion.

[0035] Example 2: Preparation of a honeydew removing agent

[0036] S1: 20g of stearic acid was mixed with 10g of thionyl chloride, refluxed at 75℃ for 2h, and then rotary evaporated at 40℃ for 15min to obtain activated stearic acid;

[0037] S2: Montmorillonite was added into water and stirred to be uniform, then was left to stand for 24 h to obtain a 1 wt% montmorillonite solution; gelatin was dissolved and the pH was adjusted to 4 with a 1 wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2 wt% acid gelatin solution, 200 ml of the acid gelatin solution was added into 200 ml of the montmorillonite solution under the condition of a 70 °C water bath, and was mixed uniformly, then was filtered after reacting for 30 min, and was dried by hot air at 65 °C, and was crushed to obtain modified montmorillonite with a particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm; 4 g of the modified montmorillonite was mixed uniformly with 40 g of a 5 wt% common gelatin solution, was filtered, dried by hot air at 65 °C, and was crushed to obtain a 0.3-0.5 mm synergist;

[0038] S3: 3 g of the synergist was added into 100 g of water and mixed uniformly, then 10 g of activated stearic acid, 8 g of ricinoleate, 1 g of potassium carbonate and 3 g of Tween 80 were added, and were stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 15 min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] In comparison with Example 1, the only difference is that the stearic acid is not activated in Comparative Example 1, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0041] 2 g of the synergist prepared in Example 1 was added into 100 g of water and mixed uniformly, then 8 g of stearic acid, 4 g of ricinoleate, 1 g of potassium carbonate and 3 g of Tween 80 were added, and were stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 15 min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] In comparison with Example 1, the only difference is that no stearic acid is added in Comparative Example 2, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0044] 2 g of the synergist prepared in Example 1 was added into 100 g of water and mixed uniformly, then 4 g of ricinoleate, 1 g of potassium carbonate and 3 g of Tween 80 were added, and were stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 15 min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0045] Comparative Example 3

[0046] In comparison with Example 1, the only difference is that no ricinoleate is added in Comparative Example 3, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0047] The preparation method of the activated stearic acid and the synergist is the same as that in Example 1;

[0048] S3: 2 g of the synergist was added into 100 g of water and mixed uniformly, then 8 g of activated stearic acid, 1 g of potassium carbonate and 3 g of Tween 80 were added, and were stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 15 min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0049] Comparative Example 4

[0050] Comparative Example 4 is different from Example 1 only in that the mass ratio of activated stearic acid to ricinoleate is 3:1, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0051] The preparation method of activated stearic acid and synergist is the same as that in Example 1;

[0052] S3: 2g of synergist was added into 100g of water and mixed uniformly, then 9g of activated stearic acid, 3g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate and 3g of Tween 80 were added, and stirred at a speed of 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honey dew remover.

[0053] Comparative Example 5

[0054] Comparative Example 5 is different from Example 1 only in that the mass ratio of activated stearic acid to ricinoleate is 1:1, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0055] The preparation method of activated stearic acid and synergist is the same as that in Example 1;

[0056] S3: 2g of synergist was added into 100g of water and mixed uniformly, then 8g of activated stearic acid, 8g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate and 3g of Tween 80 were added, and stirred at a speed of 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honey dew remover.

[0057] Comparative Example 6

[0058] Comparative Example 6 is different from Example 1 only in that no potassium carbonate is added, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0059] The preparation method of activated stearic acid and synergist is the same as that in Example 1;

[0060] S3: 2g of synergist was added into 100g of water and mixed uniformly, then 8g of activated stearic acid, 4g of ricinoleate and 3g of Tween 80 were added, and stirred at a speed of 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honey dew remover.

[0061] Comparative Example 7: Preparation of honey dew remover

[0062] Comparative Example 7 is different from Example 1 only in that the pH of the acid gelatin solution is 4.5, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0063] S1: 18g of stearic acid was mixed with 10g of thionyl chloride, and refluxed at 70℃ for 3h, and then rotary evaporated at 30℃ for 20min to obtain activated stearic acid;

[0064] S2: Montmorillonite was added into water and stirred to be uniform, then was left to stand for 24 h to obtain a 1 wt% montmorillonite solution; gelatin was dissolved and the pH was adjusted to 4.5 with a 1 wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2 wt% acid gelatin solution, 200 ml of the acid gelatin solution was added into 200 ml of the montmorillonite solution under the condition of a 60 °C water bath, and was mixed uniformly, then was filtered after reacting for 40 min, and was dried by hot air at 60 °C, and was crushed to obtain modified montmorillonite with a particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm; 4 g of the modified montmorillonite was mixed with 40 g of a 5 wt% common gelatin solution, and was filtered and dried by hot air at 60 °C, and was crushed to obtain a 0.3-0.5 mm synergist;

[0065] S3: 2 g of the synergist was added into 100 g of water and mixed uniformly, then 8 g of the activated stearic acid, 4 g of the ricinoleate, 1 g of potassium carbonate and 3 g of Tween 80 were added, and were stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 15 min to obtain an emulsion-like dew removing agent.

[0066] Comparative Example 8:

[0067] In comparison with Example 1, the only difference is that the pH of the acid gelatin solution in Comparative Example 8 is 2.5, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0068] S1: 18 g of stearic acid was mixed with 10 g of thionyl chloride, and was refluxed at 70 °C for 3 h, and was rotary evaporated at 30 °C for 20 min to obtain activated stearic acid;

[0069] S2: Montmorillonite was added into water and stirred to be uniform, then was left to stand for 24 h to obtain a 1 wt% montmorillonite solution; gelatin was dissolved and the pH was adjusted to 2.5 with a 1 wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2 wt% acid gelatin solution, 200 ml of the acid gelatin solution was added into 200 ml of the montmorillonite solution under the condition of a 60 °C water bath, and was mixed uniformly, then was filtered after reacting for 40 min, and was dried by hot air at 60 °C, and was crushed to obtain modified montmorillonite with a particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm; 4 g of the modified montmorillonite was mixed with 40 g of a 5 wt% common gelatin solution, and was filtered and dried by hot air at 60 °C, and was crushed to obtain a 0.3-0.5 mm synergist;

[0070] S3: 2 g of the synergist was added into 100 g of water and mixed uniformly, then 8 g of the activated stearic acid, 4 g of the ricinoleate, 1 g of potassium carbonate and 3 g of Tween 80 were added, and were stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 15 min to obtain an emulsion-like dew removing agent.

[0071] Comparative Example 9:

[0072] In comparison with Example 1, the only difference is that the common gelatin is not wrapped in Comparative Example 9, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0073] S1: 18 g of stearic acid was mixed with 10 g of chlorosulfoxide, refluxed at 70 °C for 3 h, and then rotary evaporated at 30 °C for 20 min to obtain activated stearic acid;

[0074] S2: Montmorillonite was stirred in water and then left to swell for 24 h to obtain a 1 wt% montmorillonite solution; gelatin was dissolved and then the pH was adjusted to 3.5 with a 1 wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2 wt% acid gelatin solution; 200 ml of the acid gelatin solution was added to 200 ml of the montmorillonite solution under the condition of a 60 °C water bath, and then mixed uniformly; after reaction for 40 min, filtration was performed, and then hot air drying at 60 °C was performed to obtain a 0.3-0.5 mm granular synergist;

[0075] S3: 2 g of the synergist was added to 100 g of water, and then stirred uniformly; 8 g of activated stearic acid, 4 g of ricinoleate, 1 g of potassium carbonate, and 3 g of Tween 80 were added, and then stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 15 min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0076] Comparative Example 10:

[0077] In comparison with Example 1, the only difference is that no synergist was added to the honeydew remover of Comparative Example 10, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0078] S1: 18 g of stearic acid was mixed with 10 g of chlorosulfoxide, refluxed at 70 °C for 3 h, and then rotary evaporated at 30 °C for 20 min to obtain activated stearic acid;

[0079] S2: 8 g of activated stearic acid, 4 g of ricinoleate, 1 g of potassium carbonate, and 3 g of Tween 80 were added to 100 g of water, and then stirred at a speed of 500 r / min for 15 min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0080] Example 3: Peach aphid control method

[0081] (1) Peach dormancy period: In early January, the peach tree trunk was cleaned of peeling and branches with insect eggs, and the wound was disinfected; weeds between the peach trees were removed, and the cleaned tree trunk, branches, and weeds were burned; in late February, 5 Baume stone sulfur mixture was sprayed on the bud axil of the branches, the crack of the tree bark, and the surface of the soil under the tree;

[0082] (2) Peach flower bud period: In mid-March, 20% sulfoxaflor 5000 times liquid was sprayed once during the peach flower bud red period at a spraying amount of 80 L / acre; no pesticide was sprayed during the flowering period; 7 days after the flowers were shed, a honeydew remover was sprayed at a spraying amount of 5 L / plant; 2 days after the honeydew remover was sprayed, 50% pymetrozine 2000 times liquid was sprayed at a spraying amount of 60 L / acre;

[0083] (3) Peach growth period: 30 days after fruit setting, spray once honeydew remover and aphid killer, the spraying amount of honeydew remover is 7 L / plant, and the aphid killer is selected to be different from the previous one, and is used again after 2 days of spraying honeydew remover, with a spraying amount of 60 L / mu;

[0084] (4) Pre-dormancy period: from October to November, hang a yellow plate coated with sticky insect glue on the sunny side of the peach tree, with a size of 20 cm x 30 cm, and hang one yellow plate per peach tree.

[0085] Example 4: Peach aphid control method

[0086] (1) Peach dormancy period: in early January, use tools to clean the peach tree trunk and branches with insect eggs, and disinfect the wound, remove weeds between the peach trees, and burn the cleaned tree trunk, branches and weeds; in late February, spray 5 Baume sulfuric acid mixture on the bud axil of the branch, the bark crack and the soil surface under the tree;

[0087] (2) Peach flower bud period: in mid-March, spray 20% sulfoxaflor 5000 times liquid once during the peach flower bud red period, with a spraying amount of 80 L / mu; no pesticide is sprayed during the flowering period, 7 days after flowering, honeydew remover is sprayed, with a spraying amount of 4 L / plant, and 50% pymetrozine 2000 times liquid is sprayed after 2 days of spraying honeydew remover, with a spraying amount of 60 L / mu;

[0088] (3) Peach growth period: 35 days after fruit setting, spray once honeydew remover and aphid killer, the spraying amount of honeydew remover is 6 L / plant, and the aphid killer is selected to be different from the previous one, and is used again after 2 days of spraying honeydew remover, with a spraying amount of 60 L / mu;

[0089] (4) Pre-dormancy period: from October to November, hang a yellow plate coated with sticky insect glue on the sunny side of the peach tree, with a size of 20 cm x 30 cm, and hang one yellow plate per peach tree.

[0090] Comparative Example 11: Peach aphid control method

[0091] In contrast to Example 3, the only difference is that no honeydew remover is used in Comparative Example 11, but a surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, is used to remove honeydew, and the specific operation is as follows:

[0092] The control operation of the peach dormancy period and the pre-dormancy period is the same as that of Example 3;

[0093] (2) Peach flower bud period: in mid-March, spray 20% sulfoxaflor 5000 times liquid once during the peach flower bud red period, with a spraying amount of 80 L / mu; no pesticide is sprayed during the flowering period, 6 days after flowering, 0.1 wt% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is sprayed, with a spraying amount of 5 L / plant, and 50% pymetrozine 2000 times liquid is sprayed after 2 days of spraying sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, with a spraying amount of 60 L / mu;

[0094] (3) Peach growth period: 30d after fruit setting, spray once 0.1wt% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and aphid killer, the spraying amount of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 7L / plant, the aphid killer is selected to be different from the previous one, and is used again after 2d of spraying sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the spraying amount is 60L / mu.

[0095] Comparative example 12: peach aphid control method

[0096] In contrast to example 3, the only difference is that no honeydew agent is sprayed in comparative example 12, and water is sprayed to remove honeydew, and the specific operation is as follows:

[0097] The control operation of peach dormancy period and pre-dormancy period is the same as that of example 3;

[0098] (2) Peach flower bud period: in mid-March, spray 20% sulfoxaflor 5000 times liquid once at peach flower bud red stage, the spraying amount is 80L / mu; no pesticide is sprayed at flowering period, water is sprayed at the 6th day after flowering, the spraying amount is 5L / plant, 50% pymetrozine 2000 times liquid is sprayed after 2d of water spraying, the spraying amount is 60L / mu;

[0099] (3) Peach growth period: 30d after fruit setting, spray once water and aphid killer, the spraying amount of water is 7L / plant, the aphid killer is selected to be different from the previous one, and is used again after 2d of water spraying, the spraying amount is 60L / mu.

[0100] Comparative example 13: peach aphid control method

[0101] In contrast to example 3, the only difference is that the use method of the joint use of honeydew agent and aphid killer in comparative example 13 is different, which is that the aphid killer is used immediately after the honeydew agent is sprayed, and the specific operation is as follows:

[0102] The control operation of peach dormancy period and pre-dormancy period is the same as that of example 3;

[0103] (2) Peach flower bud period: in mid-March, spray 20% sulfoxaflor 5000 times liquid once at peach flower bud red stage, the spraying amount is 80L / mu; no pesticide is sprayed at flowering period, water is sprayed at the 6th day after flowering, the spraying amount is 5L / plant, 50% pymetrozine 2000 times liquid is sprayed after 2d of water spraying, the spraying amount is 60L / mu;

[0104] (3) Peach growth period: 30d after fruit setting, spray once water and aphid killer, the spraying amount of water is 7L / plant, the aphid killer is selected to be different from the previous one, and is used again after 2d of water spraying, the spraying amount is 60L / mu.

[0105] Comparative example 14: peach aphid control method

[0106] In contrast to Example 3, the only difference is that no honeydew agent is used in Comparative Example 14, and the specific operation is as follows:

[0107] The prevention and operation in the dormant period and pre-dormant period of the peach tree are the same as those in Example 3.

[0108] (2) Peach flower bud stage: In the middle of March, spray 20% sulfoxaflor 5000 times liquid once at the peach flower bud red stage, the spraying amount is 80 L / mu; do not spray pesticide at the flowering stage, spray 50% pymetrozine 2000 times liquid at the 6th day after flowering, the spraying amount is 60 L / mu;

[0109] (3) Peach growth period: 30 days after fruit setting, spray a pesticide for killing aphids once, the pesticide for killing aphids is selected to be different from the previous one, and the spraying amount is 60 L / mu.

[0110] Experiment:

[0111] Experiment 1: Honeydew removal experiment

[0112] Collect honeydew of aphids, pick healthy peach tree leaves, wash and dry, evenly apply honeydew of aphids on the leaves, the application area is 1 cm x 1 cm, the application thickness is 0.5 mm, and then spray a honeydew removal agent, the spraying amount is 0.5 mL / leaf, the experimental group 1 uses the honeydew removal agent prepared in Example 1, the comparison groups 1-10 respectively use the honeydew removal agents prepared in Comparative Examples 1-10, the comparison group 11 uses 0.1 wt% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the spraying amount is 0.5 mL / leaf, the comparison group 12 uses water, the spraying amount is 0.5 mL / leaf, and the blank group is not treated, 5 pieces of peach tree leaves are treated in each group, and the leaves are placed at an inclination of 30° after treatment. Three repetitions, the honeydew coverage area on the leaf surface is counted after 1 day and 3 days, the honeydew removal rate is calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0113] Honeydew removal rate (%) = (honeydew coverage area before spraying - honeydew coverage area after spraying) / honeydew coverage area before spraying x 100%.

[0114] Experiment 2: Aphid control experiment on peach trees

[0115] Starting from January 2024, reference is made to the above method to carry out aphid control experiment in the peach tree resource nursery of Lu Huatai Garden of Ningxia Academy of Forestry, the fruit garden is 10 years old, all adopts main trunk tree shape management, the average tree height is 2.3 m, the average crown width is 2 m, and the canopy density is 0.79. The peach orchard is a common occurrence of aphids and coal stain disease, and the tree vigor is weak. Experimental group 1, control groups 1-14 and blank group are set, three adjacent peach trees are selected in each group for control experiment, 20% sulfoxaflor 5000 times liquid and 50% pymetrozine 2000 times liquid are alternately used as the pesticide for killing aphids, the pesticide for killing aphids used in each group is the same in each round, three repetitions, and the distance between each group is more than 5 m.

[0116] 1. Experimental group 1: peach aphid control was carried out according to the method of Example 3, and the dew removing agent prepared in Example 1 was used;

[0117] 2. Comparative group 1-10: peach aphid control was carried out according to the method of Example 3, and the dew removing agent prepared in Comparative Example 1-10 was used respectively;

[0118] 3. Comparative groups 11-14: peach aphid control was carried out according to the methods of comparative groups 11-14 respectively, comparative group 11 used 0.1wt% dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid dew removing agent, comparative group 12 used water dew removing agent, comparative group 13 used the dew removing agent prepared in Example 1, and comparative group 14 did not use dew removing agent;

[0119] 4. The blank group was not controlled.

[0120] The related data was counted at the flower bud stage of peach trees, the aphid population density before control was counted at the 5th day after flowering, the aphid population density after control was counted at the 5th day after using aphid-killing agent, the population decline rate was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1; the sooty mold disease incidence of peach tree leaves in each group was investigated in late May 2024, 2 branches were determined in each of the east, south, west, north, and center directions of each tree in each group, all the leaves were investigated, the total leaf number and the number of diseased leaves at each level were recorded, and grading was performed, the disease index was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1; the blank group was counted at the same time as experimental group 1.

[0121] Sooty mold disease leaf grading: 0 grade without black spots; 1 grade black spot area accounting for less than 25% of the entire leaf area; 2 grade black spot area accounting for 26-50% of the entire leaf area; 3 grade black spot area accounting for 51-75% of the entire leaf area; 4 grade black spot area accounting for more than 76% of the entire leaf area.

[0122] Population decline rate (%) = (pre-control aphid population density - post-control aphid population density) / pre-control aphid population density x 100%;

[0123] Disease index = ∑(number of diseased leaves at each level x representative value at each level) / (total number of investigated leaves x representative value at the highest level) x 100%.

[0124] Table 1

[0125]

[0126] Analysis of the data in Table 1 shows that:

[0127] 1. The dew removing agent prepared in experimental group 1 has good dew removing effect and can act continuously. When peach aphid control is performed, the dew removing agent removes the dew on the leaf surface, promotes the penetration of aphid-killing agent into the leaf, improves the aphid-killing effect of aphid-killing agent, thereby reducing the aphid population, and further reducing the dew attached to the leaf surface can reduce the reproduction of pathogenic fungi such as sooty mold and alternaria, and reduce the incidence of sooty mold disease.

[0128] 2、Comparative group 1-11, except for the composition of honeydew agent, compared with experimental group 1. Stearic acid activated in the presence of potassium carbonate catalyst can react with honeydew to reduce the viscosity, ricinoleate in the presence of potassium carbonate catalyst can destroy the crystal structure of honeydew to increase the reaction site of honeydew and stearic acid, further improve the flowability of peach aphid honeydew, promote the adsorption of synergist on the peach aphid honeydew containing more macromolecular gum, and then accelerate the honeydew from the leaf, reduce the honeydew coverage of peach tree leaves, promote the penetration of aphid killer, and reduce the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. In comparative group 1, stearic acid is not activated, comparative group 2 and 3 lack stearic acid and ricinoleate respectively, comparative group 4 lacks sufficient amount of ricinoleate, and comparative group 6 does not add catalyst potassium carbonate, which leads to the decline of honeydew removal effect, the decline of aphid killer effect, the decrease of mite population decline rate, the increase of pathogenic bacteria reproduction and the increase of disease index. The control effect of comparative group 5 is good, but compared with experimental group 1, the amount of ricinoleate in comparative group 5 is increased without obvious improvement in effect, which increases the cost. The treatment of synergist in honeydew removal agent in comparative group 7-9 is different. In comparative group 7, the pH of acid gelatin solution is 4.5, and the amount of citric acid added is less. After the slow-release acid gelatin is neutralized with potassium carbonate, it cannot meet the slightly acidic environment required for flocculation, the adsorption effect of synergist on peach aphid honeydew is reduced, the removal rate of honeydew is reduced, the leaf surface of peach tree is covered with more honeydew during aphid control, which affects the penetration of aphid killer and promotes the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in the decrease of mite population decline rate and the high rate of sooty mold infection. In comparative group 8, the pH of acid gelatin solution is 2.5, and in this environment, gelatin is decomposed. The synergist has no adsorption effect on peach aphid honeydew containing macromolecular gum, which hinders the penetration of aphid killer, and further leads to the decrease of mite population decline rate and the high disease index. In comparative group 9, no ordinary gelatin is used to wrap the slow-release acid gelatin material. During the preparation of honeydew removal agent, the acid gelatin flocculation leads to unstable emulsion, uneven distribution on the leaf surface after spraying, and reaction with potassium carbonate, which reduces the catalyst and leads to a serious decline in the effect of honeydew removal agent, the removal rate of peach aphid honeydew is extremely low, the leaf surface is covered with more honeydew during aphid control, which greatly affects the penetration of aphid killer, leading to low mite population decline rate and high sooty mold disease index. In comparative group 10, no synergist is added, the removal effect of honeydew removal agent on peach aphid honeydew with high viscosity is reduced, the honeydew adhesion increases during aphid control, the infection rate of sooty mold increases, the disease index is large, the mite population decline rate is low, and the residual alkaline catalyst of honeydew removal agent affects the aphid killing effect of aphid killer, further reducing the mite population decline rate.

[0129] 3、Compared with experimental group 1, comparative groups 11 and 12 do not use the honeydew removing agent prepared by the application, comparative group 11 uses a surfactant to remove honeydew, and the short-term effect is good, but there is no sustained effect, and the honeydew produced by the peach aphid in the later stage adheres to the leaves to cause soot disease, resulting in a high disease index; comparative group 12 uses water to remove honeydew, and the removal effect is general and has no long-term effect, resulting in more peach aphid honeydew adhering to the leaves, and a high disease index of peach tree leaves.

[0130] 4、Compared with experimental group 1, comparative group 13 uses the honeydew removing agent and the aphid-killing agent at the same time, the aphid-killing effect of the aphid-killing agent is significantly reduced due to the influence of the alkaline conditions of the honeydew removing agent, the rate of decline of the insect population is low, the high insect population density leads to an increase in the honeydew excreted by the aphids, the infection rate of peach tree soot disease increases, and the disease index is high; comparative group 14 does not use the honeydew removing agent, the peach aphid honeydew covers the leaves, affecting the penetration of the aphid-killing agent, the rate of decline of the insect population is low, and a large amount of peach aphid honeydew provides nutrients for the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in a high infection rate of soot disease.

[0131] 5、The blank group is not treated, the number of peach aphid insect population increases, the natural shedding of peach aphid honeydew is less, and the large-scale reproduction of pathogenic bacteria leads to a high infection rate of peach tree leaf soot disease and a high disease index.

[0132] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the application and are not limiting, although the application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, and all should be covered in the scope of the claims of the application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling aphids on peach trees, characterized by, The method is as follows: (1) peach dormancy period: in winter, clean the tree trunk and branches with insect eggs, and clean the weeds between the peach trees; in spring, spray the stone sulfur mixture in the branch bud axil, the tree bark crack and the soil surface under the tree half a month before the peach tree sprouts; (2) peach flower bud period: spray once with aphid killer during the peach flower bud red period; spray once with honey dew remover and aphid killer 6-7 days after flowering; (3) peach growth period: spray once with honey dew remover and aphid killer 30-35 days after fruit setting; (4) pre-dormancy period: in October and November, hang yellow plates coated with sticky insect glue on the sunny side of the peach tree.

2. The method for controlling aphids of peach trees according to claim 1, wherein The use method of the honey dew remover and the aphid killer for joint control is: first spray the honey dew remover, and then spray the aphid killer 2 days later; the spraying amount of the honey dew remover is 4-5 L per plant during the peach flower bud period, and the spraying amount is 6-7 L per plant during the peach growth period.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition is applied to the peach tree in an amount of 0.1 to 10 kg per 10 ares of the peach tree. The raw materials of the honey dew remover include stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, Tween 80, montmorillonite, gelatin and citric acid.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the peach tree is a peach tree in a field. 5 The preparation method of the honey dew remover is as follows: S1: mix stearic acid with thionyl chloride, reflux at 70-75°C for 2-3h, and then rotary evaporate at 30-40°C for 15-20min to obtain activated stearic acid; S2: add montmorillonite into water and stir to obtain a montmorillonite solution, and then let it stand for 24h; dissolve gelatin, add 1wt% citric acid solution to adjust the pH to 3.5-4, and then add the acid gelatin solution into the montmorillonite solution under the condition of water bath at 60-70°C, and filter and dry after reacting for 30-40min to obtain modified montmorillonite; add the modified montmorillonite into 5wt% common gelatin solution, mix and filter to obtain a synergist; S3: add the synergist into water, mix, and then add stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate and Tween 80, and fully stir to emulsify to obtain the honey dew remover.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the composition is applied to the peach tree in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 g per 10 m2 of the peach tree. The mass ratio of stearic acid to thionyl chloride is (1.8-2):

1.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the composition is applied to the peach tree in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 kg per 10 ares of the peach tree. The concentration of the montmorillonite solution is 1wt%, and the concentration of the acid gelatin solution is 2wt%.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition is applied to the peach tree in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 kg per 10 ares of the peach tree. The volume ratio of the montmorillonite solution to the acid gelatin solution is 1:1, and the mass ratio of the modified montmorillonite to the common gelatin solution is 1:

10.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the peach tree is a peach tree in a field. The drying temperature of the modified montmorillonite and the synergist is 60-65°C, and the crushing particle size is 0.3-0.5mm.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the peach tree is a peach tree in a field. 5 The mass ratio of the synergist, water, activated stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate and Tween 80 is (2-3):100:(8-10):(4-5):1:

3.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the peach tree is a peach tree in a field. 10 The step S3 is operated before each use of the honey dew remover.

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