A method for controlling aphids on peach trees

Abstract

The application discloses a peach tree aphid control method and belongs to the technical field of peach tree aphid control. The specific control method is as follows: (1) during the dormancy period of the peach tree, the bark of the peach tree is cleaned, and the branches and leaves with insect eggs are cleaned; before budding, a stone sulfur mixture is sprayed on the branch bud axilla, the bark crack and the soil surface under the tree; (2) during the flower bud period of the peach tree, an aphid killer is sprayed once during the red flower bud period; 6-7 days after the flower withering, a honeydew removing agent and an aphid killer are sprayed once; (3) during the growth period of the peach, 30-35 days after fruit setting, a honeydew removing agent and an aphid killer are sprayed once; (4) during the early dormancy period, a yellow plate coated with a sticky insect glue is hung on the sunny side of the peach tree.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of peach aphid control technology, and in particular to a method for controlling peach aphids. Background Technology

[0002] The peach (Amygdalus persica) belongs to the Rosaceae family and the Prunus genus. It is a popular fruit with a long history of cultivation in my country.

[0003] Aphids are a significant pest affecting the yield and quality of peach fruit. Peach aphids overwinter as eggs in bud axils, crevices in branches, and bark cracks. In spring, the overwintering eggs hatch into female aphids, which reproduce parthenogenetically to reproduce a large number of generations. There can be 10-20 generations per year. Sexual reproduction only occurs in October and November, before the winged aphids migrate back to the peach tree during its dormancy period. Peach aphids primarily feed on the flower buds, tender leaves, and young shoots of peach trees, causing leaves to wrinkle and deform, and resulting in flower and fruit drop. After feeding on plant sap, aphids excrete a viscous, liquid honeydew. The composition of honeydew is influenced by the host plant. The honeydew produced by ordinary aphids mainly consists of water, glucose, sucrose, and a small amount of amino acids. However, peach tree sap is rich in pectin, so the honeydew secreted by peach aphids contains more pectin in addition to the above components. As the water content increases, the viscosity of the honeydew continues to rise. It adheres to the surface of peach tree leaves and branches, affecting photosynthesis, hindering the penetration of insecticides and affecting their efficacy, and providing nutrients for the reproduction of pathogens, making it highly susceptible to sooty mold.

[0004] Currently, peach aphid control methods include chemical, physical, and biological control. Chemical control uses insecticides to kill aphids, with good insecticidal effects. Physical control mainly involves cleaning branches and bark carrying aphid eggs and using yellow sticky traps, which are effective against both eggs and winged aphids. Biological control mainly utilizes aphid natural enemies, which is safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly. However, existing control methods only kill peach aphids; the honeydew produced remains, and peach aphids reproduce rapidly, requiring long-term control. Even during control periods, honeydew continues to accumulate on peach tree leaves and branches, harming the tree. Therefore, a new method for peach aphid control is needed that can kill aphids while mitigating the damage caused by honeydew. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for controlling peach aphids, reducing the damage caused by peach aphids to peach trees, and solving the problem of honeydew still adhering to the leaf surface during the control of peach aphids, leading to sooty mold.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

[0007] (1) Peach tree dormancy period: In winter, clean up the bark of the trunk and the branches with insect eggs, and clean up the weeds between the peach tree rows; in spring, half a month before the peach tree sprouts, spray lime sulfur mixture in the axils of the branches and buds, in the cracks of the bark, and on the surface of the soil under the tree.

[0008] (2) Peach tree flower bud stage: Spray an aphid killer once when the peach tree flower buds are showing red; spray honeydew and aphid killer once 6-7 days after the flowers have faded;

[0009] (3) Peach growing season: 30-35 days after fruit set, spray honeydew remover and aphid killer once;

[0010] (4) Early dormancy period: In October and November, hang yellow sticky traps coated with insect glue on the sunny side of the peach tree.

[0011] Furthermore, the amount of the honeydew remover sprayed during the peach tree flowering bud stage is 4-5L / tree, and the amount sprayed during the peach growing season is 6-7L / tree.

[0012] Furthermore, the aphid killer is one of flonicamid, pymetrozine, imidacloprid, and spirotetramat, and a different agent is selected for each round of spraying.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for using honeydew remover and aphid killer together is as follows: spray honeydew remover first, and then spray aphid killer 2 days later.

[0014] During the dormant period of peach trees, peach aphids exist as eggs in the axils of buds on branches, in bark cracks, and in weeds under the trees. Scraping off loose bark from the trunk and clearing branches and weeds carrying eggs can effectively reduce the number of eggs. In spring, when peach trees sprout, the eggs hatch. Before flowering, peach aphids have low resistance to pesticides, and after flowering, the leaves unfold, making this a good time to spray pesticides for control. Alternating between different pesticides can prevent aphids from developing resistance. In addition, the honeydew remover prepared in this invention can reduce the adhesiveness of peach aphid honeydew, reduce honeydew adhering to the leaf surface, enhance the effectiveness of aphid control agents, reduce the infection rate of sooty mold, and alleviate the damage of peach aphids and peach aphid honeydew to peach trees. Before the peach trees enter dormancy, winged aphids migrate back. By using the aphids' attraction to yellow, yellow sticky traps can be hung on the sunny side of the peach trees to attract and kill migrating aphids, reducing the number of eggs laid and decreasing the egg population for the following year.

[0015] Furthermore, the raw materials for the honeydew remover include: stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, Tween 80, montmorillonite, gelatin, and citric acid.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of the honeydew remover is as follows:

[0017] S1: Stearic acid and thionyl chloride are mixed and refluxed at 70-75℃ for 2-3 hours, and then rotary evaporated at 30-40℃ for 15-20 minutes to obtain activated stearic acid.

[0018] S2: Add montmorillonite to water, stir evenly, and let it stand to swell for 24 hours to obtain a montmorillonite solution; dissolve gelatin and adjust the pH to 3.5-4 with 1wt% citric acid solution to obtain an acidic gelatin solution; add the acidic gelatin solution to the montmorillonite solution under a water bath at 60-70℃, react for 30-40 minutes, filter, dry, and pulverize to obtain modified montmorillonite; add the modified montmorillonite to a 5wt% ordinary gelatin solution, mix evenly, filter, dry, and pulverize to obtain the synergist;

[0019] S3: Add synergist to water, mix well, then add stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, and Tween 80, and stir thoroughly to emulsify and obtain honeydew remover.

[0020] Furthermore, the mass ratio of stearic acid to thionyl chloride is (1.8-2):1.

[0021] Furthermore, the concentration of the montmorillonite solution is 1 wt%, and the concentration of the acidic gelatin solution is 2 wt%.

[0022] Furthermore, the volume ratio of the montmorillonite solution to the acidic gelatin solution is 1:1; the mass ratio of the modified montmorillonite to the ordinary gelatin solution is 1:10.

[0023] Furthermore, the drying temperature of the modified montmorillonite and the synergist is 60-65℃, and the particle size is 0.3-0.5mm.

[0024] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the synergist, water, activated stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, and Tween 80 is (2-3):100:(8-10):(4-5):1:3.

[0025] Furthermore, step S3 is performed before each use of the honeydew remover.

[0026] Honeydew is rich in sugars, with sucrose being the key factor affecting its viscosity. However, compared to honeydew secreted by other aphids, peach aphid honeydew contains a greater amount of gelatinous components formed by the cross-linking of large polysaccharides. Small molecules such as sucrose and glucose are interspersed within the entangled structure of this gelatinous substance, further increasing its viscosity. This makes peach aphid honeydew more viscous than honeydew secreted by other aphids, and conventional methods or reagents for removing it are insufficient for complete removal. This invention prepares a honeydew remover, whose main components are stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, Tween 80, montmorillonite, gelatin, and citric acid, which can effectively remove the highly viscous peach aphid honeydew. Stearic acid can react with sucrose to form sucrose esters, increasing the fluidity of the honeydew and thus reducing its viscosity. However, the reaction between stearic acid and sucrose requires a high temperature of 100-130℃, which is unsuitable for use in natural environments. Therefore, stearic acid needs to be modified to lower the reaction temperature for removing peach aphid honeydew under natural conditions. In addition to the honeydew agent, potassium carbonate, ricinoleate, and montmorillonite are also added. Potassium carbonate catalyzes the reaction of stearic acid and ricinoleate with peach aphid honeydew. Under the catalysis of potassium carbonate, ricinoleate destroys the crystal structure in the honeydew, exposing the active sites of sucrose, thereby promoting the reaction between activated stearic acid and sucrose, further enhancing the reactivity of stearic acid, synergistically reducing the viscosity of the honeydew, improving its fluidity, and promoting the adsorption of peach aphid honeydew by montmorillonite, which has an adsorption effect, causing it to drip from the leaf surface, thus reducing the infection rate of sooty mold. Since montmorillonite only has an adsorption effect on small molecules under natural conditions, its adsorption effect on peach aphid honeydew, which contains more macromolecules, is low. This invention modifies montmorillonite by introducing gelatin with flocculation effect into montmorillonite through high-temperature intercalation treatment, promoting the adsorption and aggregation of peach aphid honeydew, and accelerating its dripping from the leaves. However, gelatin exhibits a thickening effect in alkaline environments and a flocculating effect only in slightly acidic environments. Stearic acid and ricinoleate require alkaline catalysts to reduce the viscosity of honeydew. Therefore, this invention introduces an acidic gelatin solution during the intercalation process and then encapsulates the intercalated montmorillonite with ordinary gelatin to prevent the acidic gelatin from neutralizing the alkaline catalyst and affecting the honeydew remover's effect, while also preventing the honeydew remover from breaking down.

[0027] In addition, most commonly used aphid killers are not suitable for alkaline conditions. The honeydew killer of this invention releases acidic gelatin, which can be neutralized with potassium carbonate to improve the alkaline environment and prevent the aphid killer from losing its killing effect.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] This invention discloses a method for controlling peach aphids, which adapts to the growth habits of aphids and peach trees, and effectively controls aphids by alternating the use of pesticides. It also prepares a honeydew remover, which effectively reduces the adhesiveness of peach aphid honeydew, removes honeydew attached to peach trees, and reduces the attachment of newly generated peach aphid honeydew, thereby reducing the reproduction of pathogens and thus reducing the infection rate of sooty mold on peach leaves. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0031] Example 1: Preparation of Honeydew Removal Agent

[0032] S1: Mix 18g stearic acid with 10g thionyl chloride, reflux at 70℃ for 3h, and then rotary evaporate at 30℃ for 20min to obtain activated stearic acid.

[0033] S2: Add montmorillonite to water, stir evenly, and let it stand to swell for 24 hours to obtain a 1wt% montmorillonite solution; dissolve gelatin and adjust the pH to 3.5 with 1wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2wt% acidic gelatin solution; add 200ml of acidic gelatin solution to 200ml of montmorillonite solution under 60℃ water bath conditions, mix evenly, react for 40min, filter, dry with hot air at 60℃, and pulverize into modified montmorillonite with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm; mix 4g of modified montmorillonite with 40g of 5wt% ordinary gelatin solution evenly, filter, dry with hot air at 60℃, and pulverize to obtain an synergist with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm;

[0034] S3: Add 2g of synergist to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 8g of activated stearic acid, 4g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate, and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0035] Example 2: Preparation of Honeydew Removal Agent

[0036] S1: Mix 20g stearic acid with 10g thionyl chloride, reflux at 75℃ for 2h, and then rotary evaporate at 40℃ for 15min to obtain activated stearic acid.

[0037] S2: Add montmorillonite to water, stir evenly, and let it stand to swell for 24 hours to obtain a 1wt% montmorillonite solution; dissolve gelatin and adjust the pH to 4 with a 1wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2wt% acidic gelatin solution; add 200ml of acidic gelatin solution to 200ml of montmorillonite solution under a 70℃ water bath and mix evenly; react for 30 minutes, filter, and then dry with hot air at 65℃ and pulverize into modified montmorillonite with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm; mix 4g of modified montmorillonite with 40g of 5wt% ordinary gelatin solution evenly, filter, dry with hot air at 65℃, and then pulverize to obtain an synergist with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm;

[0038] S3: Add 3g of synergist to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 10g of activated stearic acid, 8g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate, and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0039] Comparative Example 1:

[0040] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that stearic acid in Comparative Example 1 is not activated. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0041] Add 2g of the synergist prepared in Example 1 to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 8g of stearic acid, 4g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0042] Comparative Example 2:

[0043] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that stearic acid was not added in Comparative Example 2. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0044] Add 2g of the synergist prepared in Example 1 to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 4g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0045] Comparative Example 3:

[0046] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that ricinoleate was not added in Comparative Example 3. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0047] The preparation method of activated stearic acid and synergist is the same as in Example 1;

[0048] S3: Add 2g of synergist to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 8g of activated stearic acid, 1g of potassium carbonate and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0049] Comparative Example 4:

[0050] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 4, the mass ratio of activated stearic acid to ricinoleate is 3:1. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0051] The preparation method of activated stearic acid and synergist is the same as in Example 1;

[0052] S3: Add 2g of synergist to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 9g of activated stearic acid, 3g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate, and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0053] Comparative Example 5:

[0054] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 5, the mass ratio of activated stearic acid to ricinoleate is 1:1. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0055] The preparation method of activated stearic acid and synergist is the same as in Example 1;

[0056] S3: Add 2g of synergist to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 8g of activated stearic acid, 8g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate, and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0057] Comparative Example 6:

[0058] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that potassium carbonate was not added in Comparative Example 6. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0059] The preparation method of activated stearic acid and synergist is the same as in Example 1;

[0060] S3: Add 2g of synergist to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 8g of activated stearic acid, 4g of ricinoleate, and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0061] Comparative Example 7: Preparation of Honeydew Removal Agent

[0062] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the pH of the acidic gelatin solution in Comparative Example 7 is 4.5. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0063] S1: Mix 18g stearic acid with 10g thionyl chloride, reflux at 70℃ for 3h, and then rotary evaporate at 30℃ for 20min to obtain activated stearic acid.

[0064] S2: Montmorillonite was added to water and stirred evenly, then allowed to stand and swell for 24 hours to obtain a 1wt% montmorillonite solution; gelatin was dissolved and the pH was adjusted to 4.5 with a 1wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2wt% acidic gelatin solution; 200ml of the acidic gelatin solution was added to 200ml of the montmorillonite solution under a 60℃ water bath and mixed evenly, reacted for 40 minutes, filtered, and then dried with hot air at 60℃ and pulverized into modified montmorillonite with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm; 4g of modified montmorillonite was mixed evenly with 40g of 5wt% ordinary gelatin solution, filtered, dried with hot air at 60℃, and then pulverized to obtain an synergist with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm;

[0065] S3: Add 2g of synergist to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 8g of activated stearic acid, 4g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate, and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0066] Comparative Example 8:

[0067] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the pH of the acidic gelatin solution in Comparative Example 8 is 2.5. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0068] S1: Mix 18g stearic acid with 10g thionyl chloride, reflux at 70℃ for 3h, and then rotary evaporate at 30℃ for 20min to obtain activated stearic acid.

[0069] S2: Montmorillonite was added to water and stirred evenly, then allowed to stand and swell for 24 hours to obtain a 1wt% montmorillonite solution; gelatin was dissolved and the pH was adjusted to 2.5 with a 1wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2wt% acidic gelatin solution; 200ml of the acidic gelatin solution was added to 200ml of the montmorillonite solution under a 60℃ water bath and mixed evenly, reacted for 40 minutes, filtered, and then dried with hot air at 60℃ and pulverized into modified montmorillonite with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm; 4g of modified montmorillonite was mixed evenly with 40g of 5wt% ordinary gelatin solution, filtered, dried with hot air at 60℃, and then pulverized to obtain an synergist with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm;

[0070] S3: Add 2g of synergist to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 8g of activated stearic acid, 4g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate, and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0071] Comparative Example 9:

[0072] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that Comparative Example 9 does not contain ordinary gelatin. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0073] S1: Mix 18g stearic acid with 10g thionyl chloride, reflux at 70℃ for 3h, and then rotary evaporate at 30℃ for 20min to obtain activated stearic acid.

[0074] S2: Add montmorillonite to water, stir evenly, and let it stand to swell for 24 hours to obtain a 1wt% montmorillonite solution; dissolve gelatin and adjust the pH to 3.5 with 1wt% citric acid solution to obtain a 2wt% acidic gelatin solution; add 200ml of acidic gelatin solution to 200ml of montmorillonite solution under 60℃ water bath conditions, mix evenly, react for 40min, filter, dry with hot air at 60℃, and then pulverize into synergists with a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm.

[0075] S3: Add 2g of synergist to 100g of water and mix well. Then add 8g of activated stearic acid, 4g of ricinoleate, 1g of potassium carbonate, and 3g of Tween 80. Stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0076] Comparative Example 10:

[0077] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that no synergist was added to the honeydew remover in Comparative Example 10. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0078] S1: Mix 18g stearic acid with 10g thionyl chloride, reflux at 70℃ for 3h, and then rotary evaporate at 30℃ for 20min to obtain activated stearic acid.

[0079] S2: Add 8g activated stearic acid, 4g ricinoleate, 1g potassium carbonate, and 3g Tween 80 to 100g water and stir at 500r / min for 15min to obtain an emulsion-like honeydew remover.

[0080] Example 3: Methods for controlling peach tree aphids

[0081] (1) Peach tree dormancy period: In early January, use tools to clean the loose bark of the peach tree trunk and the branches with insect eggs and disinfect the wounds. Remove the weeds between the peach tree rows and burn the cleaned trunks, branches and weeds. At the end of February, spray 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture in the axils of the branches and buds, the cracks in the bark and the surface of the soil under the tree.

[0082] (2) Peach tree flower bud stage: In mid-March, when the peach tree flower buds are showing red, spray once with 20% flonicamid at a dilution of 5000 times, with a spraying amount of 80L / mu; do not spray pesticides during the flowering period, spray honeydew remover 7 days after the flowers have faded, with a spraying amount of 5L / tree; 2 days after spraying the honeydew remover, spray 50% pymetrozine at a dilution of 2000 times, with a spraying amount of 60L / mu;

[0083] (3) Peach growing season: 30 days after fruit set, spray honeydew remover and aphid killer once. The amount of honeydew remover spray is 7L / plant. The aphid killer should be a different agent than the previous one and used 2 days after the honeydew remover spray. The amount of aphid killer spray is 60L / acre.

[0084] (4) Early dormancy period: In October and November, hang yellow sticky traps coated with insect glue on the sunny side of the peach trees. The size of the yellow sticky traps is 20cm×30cm, and one yellow sticky trap is hung on each peach tree.

[0085] Example 4: Methods for controlling peach tree aphids

[0086] (1) Peach tree dormancy period: In early January, use tools to clean the loose bark of the peach tree trunk and the branches with insect eggs and disinfect the wounds. Remove the weeds between the peach tree rows and burn the cleaned trunks, branches and weeds. At the end of February, spray 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture in the axils of the branches and buds, the cracks in the bark and the surface of the soil under the tree.

[0087] (2) Peach tree flower bud stage: In mid-March, when the peach tree flower buds are showing red, spray once with 20% flonicamid at a dilution of 5000 times, with a spraying amount of 80L / mu; do not spray pesticides during the flowering period, spray honeydew remover 7 days after the flowers fall, with a spraying amount of 4L / tree; 2 days after spraying the honeydew remover, spray 50% pymetrozine at a dilution of 2000 times, with a spraying amount of 60L / mu;

[0088] (3) Peach growing season: 35 days after fruit set, spray honeydew remover and aphid killer once. The amount of honeydew remover spray is 6L / plant. The aphid killer should be a different agent than the previous one and used 2 days after the honeydew remover spray. The amount of aphid killer spray is 60L / acre.

[0089] (4) Early dormancy period: In October and November, hang yellow sticky traps coated with insect glue on the sunny side of the peach trees. The size of the yellow sticky traps is 20cm×30cm, and one yellow sticky trap is hung on each peach tree.

[0090] Comparative Example 11: Methods for controlling peach tree aphids

[0091] Compared with Example 3, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 11, no honeydew remover was used, but the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was used to remove honeydew. The specific operation is as follows:

[0092] The prevention and control measures for peach trees during dormancy and pre-dormancy are the same as in Example 3;

[0093] (2) Peach tree flower bud stage: In mid-March, when the peach tree flower buds are showing red, spray once with 20% flonicamid at a dilution of 5000 times, with a spraying amount of 80L / mu; do not spray pesticides during the flowering period, and spray 0.1wt% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on the 6th day after the flowers have withered, with a spraying amount of 5L / tree; 2 days after spraying sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, spray with 50% pymetrozine at a dilution of 2000 times, with a spraying amount of 60L / mu;

[0094] (3) Peach growth period: 30 days after fruit set, spray once with 0.1wt% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and aphid killer. The amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate sprayed is 7L / plant. The aphid killer should be a different agent than the previous one and used 2 days after the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate spray. The amount of spraying is 60L / acre.

[0095] Comparative Example 12: Methods for controlling peach tree aphids

[0096] Compared with Example 3, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 12, no honeydew remover was sprayed; instead, water was sprayed to remove the honeydew. The specific operation is as follows:

[0097] The prevention and control measures for peach trees during dormancy and pre-dormancy are the same as in Example 3;

[0098] (2) Peach tree flower bud stage: In mid-March, when the peach tree flower buds are showing red, spray once with 20% flonicamid at a dilution of 5000 times, with a spraying amount of 80L / mu; do not spray pesticides during the flowering period, spray with clean water on the 6th day after the flowers have withered, with a spraying amount of 5L / tree, and spray with 50% pymetrozine at a dilution of 2000 times 2 days after spraying with clean water, with a spraying amount of 60L / mu;

[0099] (3) Peach growth period: 30 days after fruit set, spray with water and aphid killer once. The amount of water sprayed is 7L / plant. The aphid killer should be a different agent than the previous one and used 2 days after water spraying. The amount of spraying is 60L / acre.

[0100] Comparative Example 13: Methods for controlling peach tree aphids

[0101] Compared with Example 3, the only difference is the method of application when honeydew and aphid killer are used together in Comparative Example 13. Specifically, the aphid killer is applied immediately after the honeydew is sprayed. The specific operation is as follows:

[0102] The prevention and control measures for peach trees during dormancy and pre-dormancy are the same as in Example 3;

[0103] (2) Peach tree flower bud stage: In mid-March, when the peach tree flower buds are showing red, spray once with 20% flonicamid at a dilution of 5000 times, with a spraying amount of 80L / mu; do not spray pesticides during the flowering period, spray honeydew remover on the 6th day after the flowers have withered, with a spraying amount of 5L / tree; immediately after the honeydew remover is used, spray with 50% pymetrozine at a dilution of 2000 times, with a spraying amount of 60L / mu;

[0104] (3) Peach growing season: 30 days after fruit set, spray honeydew remover and aphid killer once. The amount of honeydew remover spray is 7L / plant. The aphid killer should be a different agent than the previous one and should be used immediately after the honeydew remover spray. The amount of aphid killer spray is 60L / acre.

[0105] Comparative Example 14: Methods for controlling peach tree aphids

[0106] Compared with Example 3, the only difference is that no honeydew remover was used in Comparative Example 14. The specific operation is as follows:

[0107] The prevention and control measures for peach trees during dormancy and pre-dormancy are the same as in Example 3;

[0108] (2) Peach tree flower bud stage: In mid-March, when the peach tree flower buds show red, spray once with 20% flonicamid at a dilution of 5000 times, with a spraying amount of 80L / mu; do not spray pesticides during the flowering period, and spray 50% pymetrozine at a dilution of 2000 times on the 6th day after the flowers wither, with a spraying amount of 60L / mu.

[0109] (3) Peach growing season: 30 days after fruit set, spray an aphid killer once. Choose a different aphid killer than the one used before, and spray at a rate of 60L / mu.

[0110] experiment:

[0111] Experiment 1: Honeydew Removal Experiment

[0112] Honeydew from peach aphids was collected. Healthy peach leaves were picked, washed, and dried. The honeydew was then evenly applied to the leaves, covering an area of ​​1cm × 1cm with a thickness of 0.5mm. After application, a honeydew remover was sprayed once at a rate of 0.5mL / leaf. Experimental group 1 used the honeydew remover prepared in Example 1, control groups 1-10 used the honeydew removers prepared in Comparative Examples 1-10 respectively, control group 11 used 0.1wt% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate at a rate of 0.5mL / leaf, and control group 12 used water at a rate of 0.5mL / leaf. The control group received no treatment. Five peach leaves were treated in each group. After treatment, the leaves were tilted at a 30° angle. The experiment was repeated three times. The honeydew coverage area on the leaf surface was counted after 1 day and 3 days, and the honeydew removal rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0113] Honeydew removal rate (%) = (Honeydew coverage area before spraying - Honeydew coverage area after spraying) / Honeydew coverage area before spraying × 100%.

[0114] Experiment 2: Peach Tree Aphid Control Experiment

[0115] Beginning in January 2024, an aphid control experiment was conducted at the peach resource nursery of the Luhuatai Orchard Farm of the Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, following the methods described above. The orchard's trees were 10 years old, all managed using the central leader system, with an average tree height of 2.3m, an average crown width of 2m, and a canopy closure of 0.79. This peach orchard was prone to aphid infestations, sooty mold was frequent, and the trees were relatively weak. Experimental group 1, control groups 1-14, and a blank group were set up. Three adjacent peach trees were selected for each group for the control experiment. The aphid control agents used were 20% flonicamid at a dilution of 5000 times and 50% pymetrozine at a dilution of 2000 times, used alternately. The same aphid control agent was used in each group for each round, with three replicates. Each group was at least 5m apart.

[0116] 1. Experimental Group 1: Peach tree aphid control was carried out according to the method of Example 3, using the honeydew remover prepared in Example 1;

[0117] 2. Comparative Groups 1-10: Peach tree aphid control was carried out according to the method of Example 3, using honeydew removers prepared in Comparative Groups 1-10 respectively;

[0118] 3. Control groups 11-14: Peach tree aphids were controlled according to the methods of control groups 11-14 respectively. Control group 11 used 0.1wt% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to remove honeydew, control group 12 used water to remove honeydew, control group 13 used the honeydew remover prepared in Example 1, and control group 14 did not use the honeydew remover.

[0119] 4. No prevention and control measures were taken in the blank control group.

[0120] Data were collected during the peach blossom bud stage. The aphid population density was recorded 5 days after flowering, before and after aphid control treatment. The aphid population reduction rate was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1. In late May 2024, the incidence of sooty mold on peach leaves was investigated. Two branches were selected from each tree in each group in five directions (east, south, west, north, and center). All leaves were examined, and the total number of leaves and the number of diseased leaves at each level were recorded. The disease index was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1. The statistical time for the control group was the same as that for experimental group 1.

[0121] Sooty mold leaf grading: Grade 0: no black spots; Grade 1: black spots covering less than 25% of the total leaf area; Grade 2: black spots covering 26-50% of the total leaf area; Grade 3: black spots covering 51-75% of the total leaf area; Grade 4: black spots covering more than 76% of the total leaf area.

[0122] Insect population reduction rate (%) = (Insect population density before prevention - Insect population density after prevention) / Insect population density before prevention × 100%;

[0123] Disease index = ∑(number of diseased leaves at each level × representative value at each level) / (total number of leaves surveyed × highest representative value) × 100%.

[0124] Table 1

[0125]

[0126] Analysis of the data in Table 1 shows that:

[0127] 1. The honeydew remover prepared in Experimental Group 1 has a good honeydew removal effect and can work continuously. When controlling peach aphids, the honeydew remover removes the honeydew on the leaf surface, promotes the penetration of the aphid killer into the leaf, improves the aphid killing effect of the aphid killer, and thus reduces the number of aphids. In addition, reducing the honeydew attached to the leaf surface can further reduce the reproduction of pathogens such as sooty mold and Alternaria, and reduce the infection rate of sooty mold.

[0128] 2. Compared with experimental group 1, the components of the honeydew removers in control groups 1-11 are different. Stearic acid, after activation, can react with honeydew and reduce viscosity under the catalysis of potassium carbonate. Castor oil ester, under the catalysis of potassium carbonate, can destroy the crystal structure of honeydew, increase the reaction sites between honeydew and stearic acid, further improve the fluidity of peach aphid honeydew, promote the adsorption and aggregation of peach aphid honeydew containing more macromolecular gum by synergists, thereby accelerating the dripping of peach aphid honeydew from leaves, reducing the honeydew coverage on the peach tree leaves, promoting the penetration of aphid killers, and reducing the reproduction of pathogens. In contrast, the lack of activated stearic acid in control group 1, the absence of stearic acid and ricinoleate in control groups 2 and 3 respectively, insufficient ricinoleate dosage in control group 4, and the absence of potassium carbonate catalyst in control group 6 all led to decreased honeydew control efficacy, reduced aphid control effectiveness, decreased insect population reduction rate, increased pathogen reproduction, and increased disease index. Control group 5 showed good control efficacy, but compared to experimental group 1, the increased ricinoleate dosage in control group 5 did not significantly improve efficacy, only increasing costs. Control groups 7-9 showed... Different treatments with synergists were used in honeydew control agents. In control group 7, the acidic gelatin solution had a pH of 4.5 and contained less citric acid. After application, the slowly released acidic gelatin, neutralized by potassium carbonate, could not provide the slightly acidic environment required for flocculation. This reduced the synergist's adsorption effect on peach aphid honeydew, decreased the honeydew removal rate, and resulted in more honeydew covering the leaf surface during aphid control, affecting the penetration of the aphid-killing agent, promoting pathogen reproduction, leading to a decrease in the aphid population reduction rate and a high sooty mold infection rate. In control group 8, the acidic gelatin solution had a pH of 4.5 and contained less citric acid. At pH 2.5, gelatin decomposes, and the synergist has no adsorption effect on the honeydew of peach aphids, which contains large molecular weight colloids. The honeydew adheres to the peach leaves, hindering the penetration of the aphid-killing agent, thus leading to a decrease in the insect population reduction rate and a high disease index. In control group 9, acidic gelatin material with slow-release coating was not used. When preparing the honeydew-killing agent, the acidic gelatin flocculated, causing the emulsion to be unstable and unevenly distributed on the leaf surface after spraying. Furthermore, it reacted with potassium carbonate, reducing the catalyst and resulting in a significant decrease in the effectiveness of the honeydew-killing agent. The honeydew removal rate was extremely low. During peach aphid control, the large amount of honeydew covering the leaves significantly affected the penetration of aphid-killing agents, resulting in a low insect population reduction rate and a high sooty mold disease index. In the control group 10, no synergist was added, and the honeydew removal agent had a reduced removal effect on the highly viscous honeydew of peach aphids. During peach aphid control, more honeydew adhered to the peach aphids, increasing the sooty mold infection rate, resulting in a high disease index and a low insect population reduction rate. Furthermore, the alkaline catalyst residue of the honeydew removal agent affected the aphid-killing effect of the aphid-killing agent, further reducing the already low insect population reduction rate.

[0129] 3. Compared with experimental group 1, control groups 11 and 12 did not use the honeydew remover prepared in this invention. Control group 11 used surfactant to remove honeydew, which had a good short-term effect, but no sustained effect. The honeydew produced by peach aphids in the later stage attached to the leaves and caused sooty mold, resulting in a high disease index. Control group 12 used water to remove honeydew, which had a moderate removal effect and no long-term effect, resulting in more honeydew from peach aphids attached to the leaves and a high disease index on the peach leaves.

[0130] 4. Compared with experimental group 1, control group 13 used honeydew remover and aphid killer simultaneously. The aphid killer was affected by the alkaline conditions of the honeydew remover, resulting in a significant decrease in the aphid killing effect, a low insect population reduction rate, and a high insect population density, which led to an increase in the honeydew excreted by aphids, resulting in an increase in the infection rate of peach tree sooty mold and a high disease index. Control group 14 did not use honeydew remover. The peach aphid honeydew covering the leaf surface affected the penetration of the aphid killer, resulting in a low insect population reduction rate and the production of a large amount of peach aphid honeydew, which provided nutrients for the reproduction of pathogens, leading to a high infection rate of sooty mold.

[0131] 5. In the control group, no treatment was given. The number of peach aphids increased, and fewer peach aphid honeydews fell off naturally. The pathogens multiplied in large numbers, resulting in more sooty mold infection on peach leaves and a high disease index.

[0132] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling peach tree aphids, characterized in that, The method is as follows: (1) Peach tree dormancy period: In winter, clean up the bark of the trunk and the branches with insect eggs, and clean up the weeds between the peach tree rows; in spring, half a month before the peach tree sprouts, spray lime sulfur mixture in the axils of the branches and buds, in the cracks of the bark, and on the surface of the soil under the tree. (2) Peach tree flower bud stage: Spray an aphid killer once when the peach tree flower buds are showing red; spray honeydew and aphid killer once 6-7 days after the flowers have faded; (3) Peach growing season: 30-35 days after fruit set, spray honeydew remover and aphid killer once; (4) Pre-dormant period: October-November, hang yellow sticky traps coated with insect glue on the sunny side of the peach trees; The raw materials for the honeydew remover include: stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, Tween 80, montmorillonite, gelatin, and citric acid; The method for preparing the honeydew remover is as follows: S1: Stearic acid and thionyl chloride are mixed and refluxed at 70-75℃ for 2-3 hours, and then rotary evaporated at 30-40℃ for 15-20 minutes to obtain activated stearic acid. S2: Add montmorillonite to water, stir evenly, and let it stand to swell for 24 hours to obtain a montmorillonite solution; dissolve gelatin and add 1 wt% citric acid solution to adjust the pH to 3.5-4 to obtain an acidic gelatin solution; add the acidic gelatin solution to the montmorillonite solution under a water bath at 60-70℃, react for 30-40 minutes, filter, dry, and pulverize to obtain modified montmorillonite; add the modified montmorillonite to a 5 wt% ordinary gelatin solution, mix evenly, filter, dry, and pulverize to obtain the synergist; S3: Add synergist to water, mix well, then add activated stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, and Tween 80, and stir thoroughly to emulsify and obtain honeydew remover; The mass ratio of stearic acid to thionyl chloride is (1.8-2):1; The concentration of the montmorillonite solution is 1 wt%, and the concentration of the acidic gelatin solution is 2 wt%. The volume ratio of the montmorillonite solution to the acidic gelatin solution is 1:1; the mass ratio of the modified montmorillonite to the ordinary gelatin solution is 1:

10. The modified montmorillonite and the synergist are both dried at 60-65℃ and pulverized into particles of 0.3-0.5mm. The mass ratio of the synergist, water, activated stearic acid, ricinoleate, potassium carbonate, and Tween 80 is (2-3):100:(8-10):(4-5):1:

3.

2. The method for controlling peach tree aphids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of using the honeydew remover and aphid killer together is as follows: spray the honeydew remover first, and then spray the aphid killer 2 days later; the amount of honeydew remover sprayed during the peach blossom bud stage is 4-5L / tree, and the amount sprayed during the peach growing season is 6-7L / tree.

3. The method for controlling peach tree aphids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 is performed before each use of the honeydew remover.

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