Machining device of multi-station combined machining machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, and discloses a multi-station combined machining machine tool machining device which is used for forming an X-shaped groove and a side face hole in the surface of a workpiece to be machined and comprises a machine tool body, a machining station is arranged on the machine tool body, a main three-axis milling unit is arranged on the machining station, and a matched three-axis hole milling unit is further arranged on the machining station. The three-axis hole milling unit is arranged between the two machining stations in a matched mode, a clamping unit is arranged on each machining station and comprises two centrosymmetric clamping bases, the clamping bases are connected with a swing base through swing shafts, and the clamp is arranged between the clamping bases and used for clamping a workpiece to be machined. The X-shaped motion trail of the workpiece is completely determined by the geometrical relationship of the mechanical structure of the clamping unit, the generation of the motion trail does not depend on complex numerical control programming, a milling tool only needs to keep a constant feeding depth, the technical problem that a complex space tool path program needs to be written in traditional five-axis numerical control machining is solved, and the machining efficiency is improved. And the programming workload of operators is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mechanical processing, more particularly, to a multi-station combined machining tool processing device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of mechanical processing, for workpieces with complex curved surfaces and multiple machining features, especially for workpieces that need to machine X-shaped grooves on the spherical surface and holes on the side surface, the traditional machining method has the following technical problems: Firstly, the workpiece needs to be clamped and repositioned multiple times to complete machining at different positions, and each re-clamping introduces positioning errors, and the cumulative error significantly reduces the machining accuracy, and frequent clamping adjustment seriously affects production efficiency; Secondly, the machining of X-shaped grooves on the spherical surface requires the workpiece to move along a specific spatial trajectory, and traditional plane clamps or simple rotary clamps cannot achieve such complex three-dimensional spatial movement, even if a five-axis numerical control machine tool is used, the programming complexity is extremely high and the skill requirements for the operator are harsh; Thirdly, when the workpiece moves in space, the spatial position of the side surface hole to be machined changes with the change of the workpiece posture, causing the positioning reference of the hole to change constantly, seriously affecting the hole machining accuracy and consistency; Finally, in a multi-station machining production line, if each station is equipped with an independent hole milling unit, it will not only greatly increase the equipment investment cost, but also occupy a large amount of workshop space, and the equipment utilization is low. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a multi-station combined machining tool processing device, which solves the technical problem that in the related art, workpieces with complex curved surfaces and multiple machining features cannot be machined by independent units, and complex numerical control programming is required.

[0004] The present application provides a multi-station combined machining tool processing device for opening X-shaped grooves and side holes on the surface of a workpiece, comprising a bed body, two left and right symmetrical machining stations are arranged on the bed body, a main three-axis milling unit is arranged on each machining station, and a cooperating three-axis hole milling unit is further arranged on the bed body, and the cooperating three-axis hole milling unit is arranged between the two machining stations. A clamping unit is arranged on the machining station, the clamping unit comprises two center-symmetrical clamping seats, the clamping seats are connected to a swing seat through swing shafts, the two swing shafts are coaxially arranged, the swing seat is fixedly connected to support shafts, and the two support shafts are also coaxially arranged, and a fixed clamping angle of 60° is formed between the support shafts and the swing shafts. The support shaft is installed on the bed body through a support shaft seat, the support shaft seat is fixed on the bed body, the bottom of each of the two clamping seats is fixedly connected with a connecting seat, the bottom of the connecting seat is connected with the output end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder through a universal transmission joint, the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the bed body, and the movement direction of the piston rod is parallel to the support shaft.

[0005] A clamp is arranged between the two clamping seats and used for clamping the workpiece.

[0006] Further, the clamp comprises a guide rod, a bidirectional screw pair and clamping blocks, the guide rod penetrates through the two clamping blocks, the two ends of the guide rod are fixedly connected to the two clamping seats respectively, a hole matched with the guide rod is formed in each clamping block, the clamping blocks can slide along the guide rod, and the bidirectional screw pair also penetrates through the two clamping blocks.

[0007] Further, when the screw of the bidirectional screw pair is rotated, the two clamping blocks are close to or away from each other under the guidance of the guide rod, so that the workpiece is clamped or released.

[0008] Further, the clamping unit has two rotation degrees of freedom, i.e., the swing of the clamping seat around the swing shaft and the rotation of the swing seat around the support shaft.

[0009] Further, the main three-axis milling unit and the matched three-axis milling unit each have X, Y and Z direction feeding functions, and are used for milling.

[0010] Further, the bidirectional screw pair is provided with a hexagonal head at one end of the screw, the screw is driven to rotate through a hexagonal head rotating wrench, one end of the bidirectional screw pair is fixedly connected with a hand wheel, and the diameter of the hand wheel is greater than the diameter of the screw.

[0011] Further, the clamping block of the clamp is located below the swing shaft, the installation position of the clamping block on the clamping seat is controlled, the side hole position of the workpiece is located on the midpoint of the coaxial line of the two swing shafts after the workpiece is clamped.

[0012] Further, the bottom of the connecting seat is connected with the output end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder through a universal transmission joint, the universal transmission joint can transmit the push-pull force and allow the connecting point to freely swing in space.

[0013] Further, when the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is extended, the connecting seat is pushed upward to move through the universal transmission joint, the clamping seat drives the workpiece to move along a first inclined trajectory, and when the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is retracted, the connecting seat is pulled downward to move through the universal transmission joint, the clamping seat drives the workpiece to move along a second inclined trajectory intersecting the first trajectory, and the two trajectories form an X shape on the workpiece spherical surface.

[0014] The application further provides a machining method of the multi-station combined machining machine tool. Clamp the workpiece to be machined in the clamp of the clamping unit, and position the side surface of the workpiece to be machined at the midpoint of the coaxial line of the swing shaft; Start the driving mechanism to drive the clamp holder to move the workpiece to be machined along the first inclined trajectory, and meanwhile, the main three-axis milling unit mills the first groove on the spherical surface of the workpiece; Reverse the driving mechanism to drive the clamp holder to move the workpiece to be machined along the second inclined trajectory intersecting with the first trajectory, and the three-axis milling unit mills the second groove on the spherical surface of the workpiece to form the X-shaped groove; Move the three-axis milling hole unit to the current machining station to mill the hole on the side surface of the workpiece to be machined; When the workpiece is machined at the first machining station, the workpiece is clamped and unclamped at the second machining station, and the three-axis milling hole unit is switched between the two stations to mill the hole.

[0015] The application has the following advantages: The product structure of the application uses the swing shaft and the support shaft combined mechanism with a fixed clamping angle of 60 degrees, and the transmission mode of linear motion of the hydraulic cylinder through the universal transmission joint to complex spatial motion, so that the structure limitation factor of the traditional clamp that can only realize the planar motion or simple rotary motion is overcome, the workpiece can accurately move according to the predetermined spatial spherical X-shaped trajectory, and the technical problem of difficult machining of the spherical X-shaped groove is solved.

[0016] Meanwhile, the hole position of the workpiece is accurately positioned at the midpoint of the coaxial line of the swing shaft, which is a rotation invariant point, so that the absolute position of the hole in space remains unchanged regardless of the swing of the workpiece, the machining error factor caused by the change of the positioning reference when the workpiece moves is overcome, the machining accuracy and position accuracy of the hole are ensured, and the accurate positioning problem under the complex motion state is solved.

[0017] In addition, the structure design of two machining stations sharing one three-axis milling hole unit is adopted, and the station switching is realized by the movement of the milling hole unit on the X-axis, so that the equipment redundancy caused by the configuration of independent milling hole units for each station in the traditional scheme is overcome, the equipment investment cost and the workshop floor area are significantly reduced, and the problem of low resource utilization rate of the multi-station machining equipment is solved.

[0018] In addition, because the X-shaped movement track of the workpiece is completely determined by the geometric relationship of the mechanical structure of the clamping unit, the generation of the movement track does not depend on complex numerical control programming, and the milling cutter only needs to maintain a constant feed depth, so the technical problem of needing to write a complex spatial tool path program for traditional five-axis numerical control machining is overcome, the programming workload of the operator is greatly simplified, the interpolation accuracy and servo performance requirements of the numerical control system are significantly reduced, and the strong dependence of complex curved surface machining on high-end numerical control systems is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-station combined machining tool machine tool machining device according to the present application; Figure 2 is a top view of the Figure 1 ; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping unit in the Figure 1 ; Figure 4 is a finished product structural schematic diagram of the workpiece to be machined in the present application; Figure 5 is a machining process structural schematic diagram of the clamping unit according to the present application.

[0020] In the figure: 100, bed body; 200, main three-axis milling unit; 300, matched three-axis milling unit; 400, clamping unit; 410, support shaft seat; 420, support shaft; 430, swing seat; 440, swing shaft; 450, bidirectional screw pair; 460, universal transmission joint; 470, clamping seat; 480, guide rod; 490, connecting seat; 500, hydraulic cylinder; 600, workpiece to be machined; 610, X-shaped groove; 620, side hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to example implementations. It should be understood that discussions of these implementations merely walk through the implementations and merely to aid in the understanding of the subject matter described herein, and changes can be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the subject matter described herein. Various example implementations can omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate, or in appropriate combination. Also, features described with respect to some examples can be combined in other examples.

[0022] As Figures 1-5As shown, a multi-station combined machining machine tool machining device includes a bed body 100, the bed body 100 adopts an integrally cast box structure, and has sufficient rigidity and stability. The bed body 100 is provided with two machining stations, the two machining stations are arranged symmetrically along the longitudinal center line of the bed body 100, and each machining station is respectively provided with a main three-axis milling unit 200. The main three-axis milling unit 200 has X, Y and Z three-direction feeding functions, and is used for realizing milling machining. The bed body 100 is also provided with a matched three-axis milling hole unit, the matched three-axis milling hole unit is arranged between the two machining stations, can move along the X-axis direction to switch between the two machining stations, and realizes the structural layout of sharing one milling hole unit by the two machining stations.

[0023] It needs to be supplemented that the main three-axis milling unit 200 and the matched three-axis milling unit 300 are both driven by a rotating cutter of a main shaft, and under the control of a CNC program, can move along X / Y / Z three-axis linkage or a single shaft to accurately process holes or simple cavities on a workpiece fixed on a workbench.

[0024] Each machining station is provided with a clamping unit 400, the clamping unit 400 includes two clamping seats 470, and the two clamping seats 470 are arranged in a central symmetric manner. Each clamping seat 470 is connected to a swing seat 430 through a swing shaft 440, the two swing shafts 440 are coaxially arranged, and form a swing shaft 440 line penetrating the two clamping seats 470. The swing shaft 440 is rotationally connected with the clamping seat 470, and allows the clamping seat 470 to swing relative to the swing seat 430. The swing seat 430 is fixedly connected with a support shaft 420, and the two support shafts 420 are also coaxially arranged, and form a support shaft 420 line.

[0025] Among them, the support shaft 420 and the swing shaft 440 form a fixed included angle of 60°, and this specific angle relationship is the geometric basis for realizing X-shaped track movement.

[0026] The support shaft 420 is installed on the bed body 100 through a support shaft seat 410, the support shaft seat 410 is fixed on the bed body 100, the support shaft 420 is rotationally connected with the support shaft seat 410, and allows the support shaft 420 to rotate in the support shaft seat 410. In this way, the entire clamping unit 400 has two rotational degrees of freedom: the swing of the clamping seat 470 around the swing shaft 440 and the rotation of the swing seat 430 around the support shaft 420.

[0027] The bottom of the two clamping seats 470 is fixedly connected with a connecting seat 490, which connects the two clamping seats 470 into a whole movement unit in a rigid connection mode, ensuring the synchronous movement of the two clamping seats 470. The bottom of the connecting seat 490 is connected with the output end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 500 through a universal transmission joint 460, which can transmit the push-pull force while allowing the connecting point to swing freely in space. The hydraulic cylinder 500 is fixedly installed on the bed body 100, and the movement direction of the piston rod thereof is parallel to the support shaft 420.

[0028] A clamp is arranged between the two clamping seats 470 for clamping the workpiece 600 to be machined. The clamp includes a guide rod 480, a bidirectional screw pair 450, and a clamping block. The guide rod 480 penetrates through the two clamping blocks, and the two ends of the guide rod 480 are fixedly connected to the two clamping seats 470, respectively. The clamping block is provided with a hole matched with the guide rod 480 in a gap, and the clamping block can slide along the guide rod 480. The bidirectional screw pair 450 also penetrates through the two clamping blocks, and the screw of the bidirectional screw pair 450 is machined with two thread segments with opposite rotation directions. The two clamping blocks are matched with the corresponding thread segments through nuts. By rotating the screw of the bidirectional screw pair 450, the two clamping blocks are moved towards or away from each other under the guidance of the guide rod 480, realizing the clamping or loosening of the workpiece 600 to be machined.

[0029] In some embodiments, the driving mode of the bidirectional screw pair 450 is that a hexagonal head is machined at one end of the screw, and the operator uses a wrench to cooperate with the hexagonal head to drive the screw to rotate by rotating the wrench.

[0030] Further, in order to improve the operation convenience, one end of the bidirectional screw pair 450 is fixedly connected with a hand wheel, and the diameter of the hand wheel is greater than that of the screw, providing a larger operation force arm. The operator can directly rotate the hand wheel to drive the screw to rotate.

[0031] The clamping block of the clamp is located at a specific position below the swing shaft 440. By accurately controlling the installation position of the clamping block on the clamping seat 470, the side surface of the workpiece 600 to be machined is located at the midpoint of the coaxial line of the two swing shafts 440 after the workpiece 600 to be machined is clamped. This accurate positioning relationship ensures that the workpiece 600 to be machined is always at the center of rotation when performing complex spatial movement, and the absolute position in space will not change due to the change of the posture of the workpiece 600 to be machined.

[0032] Based on the above multi-station combined machining tool machining device, the following steps are executed: Step 1, clamping the workpiece 600: Place the workpiece 600 between the two clamping blocks, with the spherical surface of the workpiece 600 facing the three-axis milling unit and the side surface of the workpiece 600 facing the direction of the three-axis drilling unit. Rotate the bidirectional screw pair 450 to move the two clamping blocks towards each other, firmly clamping the workpiece 600. During clamping, the positioning reference surface on the clamping block ensures that the workpiece 600 is accurately positioned at the midpoint of the coaxial line of the swing shaft 440.

[0033] Step 2, initial position adjustment: Start the hydraulic cylinder 500 and adjust the piston rod to the middle position, at which point the clamping seat 470 is in a vertical state and the vertex of the spherical surface of the workpiece 600 is aligned with the main spindle of the main three-axis milling unit 200.

[0034] Step 3, processing the first groove of the X-shaped groove 610: Extend the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 500 to push the connecting seat 490 upwards through the universal transmission joint 460. Due to the rotational connection between the clamping seat 470 and the swing seat 430 and the rotational connection between the swing seat 430 and the support shaft seat 410, the clamping seat 470 drives the workpiece 600 to move in a first inclined trajectory within the spherical surface under the constraint of a specific 60° angle. At the same time, the milling cutter of the main three-axis milling unit 200 maintains a constant feed depth to process the first groove on the spherical surface of the workpiece 600.

[0035] Step 4, processing the second groove of the X-shaped groove 610: After the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 500 is retracted to the initial position, continue to retract it, pull the connecting seat 490 downwards through the universal transmission joint 460, and the clamping seat 470 drives the workpiece 600 to move in a second inclined trajectory intersecting the first trajectory, completing the processing of the other groove of the X-shaped groove. During the entire process, the trajectories of the two grooves form an X-shaped intersection on the spherical surface.

[0036] Step 5, processing the side hole 620: After completing the processing of the X-shaped groove 610, the main three-axis milling unit 200 retreats to a safe position. The three-axis drilling unit moves to the current processing station along the X-axis and aligns with the workpiece 600. Since the hole is always located at the center of rotation, regardless of the attitude of the workpiece 600, the spatial position of the hole remains unchanged, and the three-axis drilling unit directly processes drilling or milling.

[0037] In some embodiments, the trajectory movement speed in steps 3 and 4 is adjusted by the flow control valve of the hydraulic cylinder 500, so that the movement speed of the workpiece 600 matches the milling feed speed, ensuring the processing quality of the groove.

[0038] Step 6, unloading the workpiece 600: After processing is completed, the hydraulic cylinder 500 is reset to the middle position, the bidirectional screw pair 450 is rotated in the opposite direction, the clamping blocks are loosened, and the processed workpiece 600 is removed.

[0039] Step 7, station switching: when the first processing station is processing the X-shaped groove 610, the operator can load and unload the processed workpiece 600 at the second processing station. After the three-axis hole milling unit completes the hole processing of the first station, it moves along the X-axis to the second processing station to process the holes of the workpiece at the second station, realizing efficient collaborative operation of the two stations.

[0040] The above describes the embodiments of the present application, but the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and the above specific embodiments are only illustrative but not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many forms under the inspiration of the present application, which all belong to the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-station combined machine tool processing device for opening an X-shaped groove and a side hole in a surface of a workpiece to be processed, characterized in that, The bed body is provided with two left-right symmetrical machining stations, each of which is provided with a main three-axis milling unit, and the bed body is further provided with a three-axis milling hole unit arranged between the two machining stations; The machining station is provided with a clamping unit, which includes two center-symmetrical clamping seats connected to a swing seat through swing shafts, the two swing shafts are coaxially arranged, the swing seat is fixedly connected to support shafts, the two support shafts are also coaxially arranged, and a fixed clamping angle of 60° is formed between the support shafts and the swing shafts; The support shafts are installed on the bed body through support shaft seats, the support shaft seats are fixed on the bed body, the bottoms of the two clamping seats are fixedly connected to connecting seats, the bottoms of the connecting seats are connected to the output ends of the piston rods of hydraulic cylinders through universal transmission joints, the hydraulic cylinders are fixedly installed on the bed body, and the movement directions of the piston rods are parallel to the support shafts; A clamp is arranged between the two clamping seats and used for clamping the workpiece.

2. A multi-station modular machine tool apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The clamp includes a guide rod, a bidirectional screw pair and clamping blocks, the guide rod penetrates through the two clamping blocks, the two ends of the guide rod are fixedly connected to the two clamping seats respectively, the clamping blocks are provided with sliding holes matched with the guide rod in clearance, the clamping blocks slide along the guide rod, the bidirectional screw pair also penetrates through the two clamping blocks, and the screw of the bidirectional screw pair is provided with two thread sections with opposite rotation directions, and the two clamping blocks are connected to the two thread sections with opposite rotation directions through nuts.

3. A multi-station modular machine tool apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, When the screw of the bidirectional screw pair is rotated, the two clamping blocks move close to or away from each other under the guidance of the guide rod, so that the workpiece is clamped or released.

4. A multi-station modular machine tool apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The clamping unit has two rotation degrees of freedom, i.e., the swing of the clamping seat around the swing shaft and the rotation of the swing seat around the support shaft.

5. A multi-station modular machine tool apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The main three-axis milling unit and the three-axis milling hole unit have X, Y and Z feeding functions, which are used for milling.

6. A multi-station modular machine tool apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The bidirectional screw pair is provided with a hexagonal head at one end of the screw, the screw is driven to rotate through a hexagonal head rotating wrench, one end of the bidirectional screw pair is fixedly connected to a hand wheel, and the diameter of the hand wheel is greater than the diameter of the screw.

7. A multi-station modular machine tool apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The clamping blocks of the clamp are located below the swing shafts, the workpiece is clamped by controlling the installation positions of the clamping blocks on the clamping seats, and the side hole position of the workpiece is located on the midpoint of the coaxial line of the two swing shafts.

8. A multi-station modular machine tool apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The bottoms of the connecting seats are connected to the output ends of the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders through universal transmission joints, the universal transmission joints can transmit the thrust and allow the connecting points to swing freely in space.

9. A multi-station modular machine tool apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, When the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is extended, the connecting seat is pushed upward through the universal transmission joint, the clamping seat drives the workpiece to move along a first inclined trajectory, and when the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is retracted, the connecting seat is pulled downward through the universal transmission joint, the clamping seat drives the workpiece to move along a second inclined trajectory intersecting the first trajectory, and the two trajectories form an X shape on the workpiece spherical surface.

10. A method of processing in a multi-station modular machine tool, characterized in that, The multi-station combined machining machine tool is used to perform the following steps: The workpiece is clamped in the clamp of the clamping unit, and the side surface to be machined of the workpiece is located on the midpoint of the coaxial line of the swing shafts; The driving mechanism is started, the clamping seat drives the workpiece to move along a first inclined trajectory, and the main three-axis milling unit mills a first groove on the workpiece spherical surface; The driving mechanism reversely acts to drive the clamping seat to move the workpiece along a second inclined track intersecting the first track, and the three-axis milling unit mills a second groove on the spherical surface of the workpiece to form an X-shaped groove; The three-axis hole milling unit is matched to move to the current machining station to mill holes in the side surface of the workpiece; When the first machining station is used for machining, the second machining station is used for loading and unloading the workpiece, and the three-axis hole milling unit is switched between the two stations to mill holes.

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