A mine environment monitoring method, device and system

Abstract

The present application discloses a kind of mine environment monitoring method, device and system, it is related to mine environment monitoring technical field, the present application includes step one, preliminary data acquisition, step two, topographic information analysis and step three, risk grade analysis.Analyzing the environmental safety index of each slope area of open pit iron mine, screening each abnormal slope area, matching the various mine distribution topographic information of each abnormal slope area, evaluating the topographic space landslide of each abnormal slope area of open pit iron mine Resistance index and topographic environmental landslide Resistance index, avoid the ambiguity and the risk of missing judgment of traditional artificial judgment, improve the accuracy of abnormal identification, avoid resource waste, avoid landslide accident, reduce the degree of damage, judge the landslide risk grade of each abnormal slope area of open pit iron mine, carry out risk treatment, avoid wasting resources in low-risk area, curb risk escalation, provide solid protection for mine safety production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine environmental monitoring technology, specifically to a mine environmental monitoring method, device, and system. Background Technology

[0002] In today's society, mineral resources serve as the foundation of industrial development and play a vital role in economic growth. However, mining operations have long faced complex and severe environmental challenges. These factors not only seriously threaten the lives of miners but also cause significant damage to the surrounding ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze a method, device, and system for monitoring the mining environment.

[0003] Existing technologies, such as the invention application patent with announcement number CN114494224A, disclose a method, device, and system for monitoring the environment of a mine. This involves acquiring aerial images of the mine area to be monitored from drone flights, performing brightness and color segmentation on the aerial images to obtain multiple brightness channel images and color channel images; extracting feature graphics from the brightness and color channel images, determining the graphic contours of each feature graphic, and annotating the graphic contours with environmental information collected by environmental monitoring equipment to obtain an annotated graphic contour, thus obtaining a three-dimensional model of the mine. Relevant monitoring personnel can quickly and intuitively understand the mine environment through the three-dimensional model, and compared to two-dimensional images, the three-dimensional model is more conducive to the overall monitoring and feedback of such three-dimensional environments as mines.

[0004] While existing technologies can meet basic requirements for a mine environmental monitoring method, device, and system, they also present some potential defects and challenges, specifically in the following aspects: First, the analysis of environmental safety indices for various slope areas in open-pit iron mines is not accurate enough, which affects the screening of abnormal slope areas and the matching of topographic information on the distribution of various minerals in these abnormal slope areas. This leads to inaccurate assessments of the topographic spatial landslide resistance index and the topographic environmental landslide resistance index for various abnormal slope areas in open-pit iron mines, increasing the ambiguity and risk of missed judgments in traditional manual judgment, reducing the accuracy of anomaly identification, increasing resource waste and the occurrence of landslide accidents, and increasing the degree of damage caused by landslides.

[0005] Second, existing technologies do not pay enough attention to assessing the landslide risk level of abnormal slope areas in open-pit iron mines, which in turn affects risk management, increases resource waste in low-risk areas, increases landslide risk, and reduces mine safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, device and system for monitoring the mine environment, which solves the problems existing in the background art.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a method for monitoring the mine environment, including step one, preliminary data collection, step two, topographic information analysis, and step three, risk level analysis.

[0008] Step 1: Preliminary Data Collection: Displacement monitoring stations are set up in each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine to collect slope data, and then the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is analyzed.

[0009] Step 2: Topographic Information Analysis: Based on the obtained environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, each abnormal slope area is screened, and the topographic information of various types of mines in each abnormal slope area is matched. Topographic spatial data and topographic environmental data are collected through UAV aerial survey system and remote sensing equipment to evaluate the topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine.

[0010] Step 3: Risk Level Analysis: Based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is determined, and risk management is carried out.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific analysis method for the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is as follows: Based on the obtained slope data, which includes the horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, and sound wave propagation velocity of the rock mass of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the safe ranges for horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, and sound wave propagation velocity of the rock mass of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are extracted from the database. The environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is then analyzed, and the specific calculation formula is as follows: H ld H represents the data of the d-th slope in the l-th slope region of an open-pit iron mine. ld ' represents the safe interval of the d-th slope data for the l-th slope region of the open-pit iron mine, where d∈[1,5].

[0012] Furthermore, the specific analysis method for screening each abnormal slope area is as follows: Based on the obtained environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is compared with the safe range of the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine stored in the database. If the environmental safety index of a certain slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is not within the safe range of the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, it indicates that the slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is in an abnormal state, and the slope area is recorded as an abnormal slope area, thereby obtaining each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine. If the environmental safety index of a certain slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is within the safe range of the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, it indicates that the slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is in a normal state.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific analysis method for matching the distribution topographic information of various minerals in each abnormal slope area is as follows: by conducting inspections using detection equipment and lidar mounted on a drone, the topographic information of each abnormal slope area is monitored and obtained. The topographic information includes: the band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral values ​​of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine. The corresponding band reflectance matching interval, elevation difference matching interval, topographic curvature matching interval, and characteristic spectral value matching interval for each type of mineral are extracted from the database.

[0014] To identify the distribution areas of various minerals in different anomalous slope regions of an open-pit iron mine, the band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral values ​​of each anomalous slope region are compared with the corresponding band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral value intervals for each mineral type. If the band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral value of a certain topographic information of an anomalous slope region fall within the corresponding intervals for that mineral type, then this topographic information of the anomalous slope region is recorded as the distribution topographic information of that mineral type in that anomalous slope region, thus obtaining the distribution topographic information of various minerals in each anomalous slope region.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific analysis method for evaluating the topographic spatial landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine is as follows: Based on the obtained topographic information of the distribution of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, taking a certain type of mineral in the open-pit iron mine as an example, this type of mineral is recorded as the benchmark type, and the other types of minerals are recorded as general types. The distribution area of ​​the benchmark type mineral and the total distribution area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are statistically obtained. Based on the obtained topographic spatial data, which includes the micro-topographic matching degree and topographic fluctuation frequency of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the safe interval of the micro-topographic matching degree and the safe interval of the topographic fluctuation frequency of the abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are extracted from the database. The topographic spatial landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is analyzed, and the specific calculation formula is as follows: Where T represents the terrain constraint factor corresponding to the terrain spatial data. d' represents the distribution area of ​​the baseline type of ore, d represents the total distribution area of ​​the open-pit iron ore, g represents the number of each abnormal slope area, g=1,2,…,m, m represents the number of abnormal slope areas, e g 'represents the safe interval for micro-topographic matching degree of the g-th abnormal slope region in an open-pit iron mine, h' g 'represents the safe interval for topographic fluctuation frequency in the g-th abnormal slope region of an open-pit iron mine, e' g h represents the micro-topographic matching degree of the g-th anomalous slope region in an open-pit iron mine. g This represents the topographic fluctuation frequency of the g-th abnormal slope region in the open-pit iron mine.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific analysis method for evaluating the landslide resistance index of the topographic environment in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is as follows: Based on the obtained topographic environment data, which includes: shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are compared with the safe range of shear strength of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine stored in the database. By comparing the safe ranges for catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover, if the shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of a certain type of ore in an abnormal slope area of ​​an open-pit iron mine are within the safe ranges for all four parameters (shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover), then the landslide resistance index of the topographic environment for each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is denoted as f; otherwise, it is denoted as f'. This leads to the landslide resistance index β of the topographic environment for each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine. g ,β gt The value of f includes either f or f', where f > f'.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific analysis method for determining the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine is as follows: based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine, when... At that time, the landslide risk level of the abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine was recorded as Level 1 risk. At that time, the landslide risk level of the abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine was recorded as Level II risk.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific analysis method for risk handling is as follows: when the risk is level one, the monitoring frequency of the drone inspection is increased to the detection frequency threshold, and a water interception ditch is set up.

[0019] When the risk level is classified as Level II, personnel should be evacuated immediately, and warning signs should be issued, and operations should be suspended. Drones should be used to scan and classify the abnormal slope areas to identify the loading zone at the top of the slope and the hollowed-out zone at the toe of the slope. For the loading zone at the top of the slope, the load should be removed urgently, and for the hollowed-out zone at the toe of the slope, graded sand and gravel should be used for backfilling to enhance the slope's resistance to sliding.

[0020] A second aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for performing the mine environment monitoring method, characterized in that it includes a processor, a memory, and a communication bus; the memory stores a computer-readable program that can be executed by the processor; the communication bus enables communication between the processor and the memory; and the processor executes the computer-readable program to implement a mine environment monitoring method.

[0021] A third aspect of the present invention provides a system for performing the aforementioned mine environmental monitoring method, characterized in that it includes: a preliminary data acquisition module: by setting up displacement monitoring stations in each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, collecting slope data, and then analyzing the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine.

[0022] Terrain Information Analysis Module: Based on the obtained environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, it filters out each abnormal slope area, matches the terrain information of various types of mines in each abnormal slope area, and collects terrain spatial data and terrain environmental data through UAV aerial survey system and remote sensing equipment to evaluate the terrain spatial landslide resistance index and terrain environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine.

[0023] Risk level analysis module: Based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is determined and risk management is carried out.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: In step one, preliminary data collection, and step two, terrain information analysis: by setting up displacement monitoring stations in each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, slope data is collected, and then the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is analyzed. Abnormal slope areas are screened, and the terrain information of various types of mines in each abnormal slope area is matched. Furthermore, terrain spatial data and terrain environmental data are collected through UAV aerial survey system and remote sensing equipment. The terrain spatial landslide resistance index and terrain environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are evaluated. This avoids the ambiguity and risk of omission in traditional manual judgment, improves the accuracy of anomaly identification, avoids resource waste, avoids landslide accidents, and reduces the degree of damage.

[0025] In step three, risk level analysis: based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is determined, risk management is carried out, resources are not wasted in low-risk areas, risk escalation is curbed, and a solid guarantee is provided for safe production in the mine. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation steps of the method of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure connection of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the environment in a mine, including: step one, preliminary data collection; step two, topographic information analysis; and step three, risk level analysis.

[0031] Step 1: Preliminary Data Collection: Displacement monitoring stations are set up in each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine to collect slope data, and then the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is analyzed.

[0032] In the above embodiments, the specific analysis method for analyzing the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is as follows: Based on the obtained slope data, which includes the horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, and rock mass acoustic wave propagation velocity of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the safe ranges for horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, and rock mass acoustic wave propagation velocity of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are extracted from the database. The environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is then analyzed, and the specific calculation formula is as follows: H ld H represents the data of the d-th slope in the l-th slope region of an open-pit iron mine. ld ' represents the safe interval of the d-th slope data for the l-th slope region of the open-pit iron mine, where d∈[1,5].

[0033] It should be noted that the horizontal displacement of each slope area in the open-pit iron mine is monitored by inclinometers, which can determine the depth and location of the sliding surface; the crack width of each slope area in the open-pit iron mine is collected by crack detectors installed on both sides of the cracks on the slope surface, reflecting the degree of cracking of the local rock mass; the number of faults, joints, and rock mass acoustic wave propagation velocity of each slope area in the open-pit iron mine are obtained by ground-penetrating radar detection and identified by electromagnetic wave reflection images, affecting structural integrity; the rock mass acoustic wave propagation velocity of each slope area in the open-pit iron mine is collected by acoustic wave testing instruments, which determines the integrity of the rock mass; the lower the velocity, the higher the degree of rock mass fragmentation. If there are abnormalities in the horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, and rock mass acoustic wave propagation velocity of each slope area in the open-pit iron mine, it will affect the risk of collapse, and thus affect the environmental safety index of each slope area in the open-pit iron mine. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, and rock mass acoustic wave propagation velocity.

[0034] Step 2: Topographic Information Analysis: Based on the obtained environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, each abnormal slope area is screened, and the topographic information of various types of mines in each abnormal slope area is matched. Topographic spatial data and topographic environmental data are collected through UAV aerial survey system and remote sensing equipment to evaluate the topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine.

[0035] In the above embodiments, the specific analysis method for screening each abnormal slope area is as follows: Based on the obtained environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is compared with the safe range of the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine stored in the database. If the environmental safety index of a certain slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is not within the safe range of the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, it indicates that the slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is in an abnormal state, and the slope area is recorded as an abnormal slope area, thereby obtaining each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine. If the environmental safety index of a certain slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is within the safe range of the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, it indicates that the slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is in a normal state.

[0036] In the above embodiments, the specific analysis method for matching the distribution terrain information of various minerals in each abnormal slope area is as follows: by conducting inspections using detection equipment and lidar mounted on a drone, the terrain information of each abnormal slope area is monitored and obtained. The terrain information includes: the band reflectance, elevation difference, terrain curvature, and characteristic spectral values ​​of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, and extracting the band reflectance matching interval, elevation difference matching interval, terrain curvature matching interval, and characteristic spectral value matching interval corresponding to each type of mineral from the database.

[0037] To identify the distribution areas of various minerals in each abnormal slope region of an open-pit iron mine, the band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral values ​​of each abnormal slope region are compared with the corresponding band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral value intervals for each type of mineral. If the band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral value of a certain topographic information of an abnormal slope region fall within the corresponding band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral value intervals for a certain type of mineral, then this topographic information of the abnormal slope region is recorded as the distribution topographic information of that type of mineral in that abnormal slope region, thus obtaining the distribution topographic information of various minerals in each abnormal slope region.

[0038] It should be noted that band reflectance and characteristic spectral values ​​are the core basis for identifying the nature of mineral-like minerals. Characteristic spectral values ​​extracted from hyperspectral data can be directly matched with the spectral library of known mineral types, quickly distinguishing the target mineral-like mineral from non-mineralized surrounding rocks. Elevation difference reflects the vertical spatial differences between different layers of the slope, and the formation and distribution of mineral-like minerals are often influenced by the vertical differentiation of strata depth, tectonic uplift, or sedimentary environment. Therefore, elevation difference is crucial for analyzing the vertical distribution patterns of mineral-like minerals. Topographic curvature reflects the concave and convex shape of the slope, and the formation and distribution of mineral deposits are often influenced by faults. The ore-controlling effect of tectonics is controlled by structures such as folds, which directly affect the changes in topographic curvature. Therefore, topographic curvature is a key parameter for analyzing the tectonics-controlled ore-mineralization effect. Topographic curvature may be affected by later erosion. The synergistic application of band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral values ​​can form a three-dimensional analysis framework of "material composition-spatial morphology-tectonic background", which significantly improves the accuracy of ore distribution analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral values ​​of each level of slope in the abnormal slope areas of open-pit iron mines.

[0039] In the above embodiments, the specific analysis method for evaluating the topographic spatial landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is as follows: Based on the obtained topographic information of the distribution of various types of minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, taking a certain type of mineral in the open-pit iron mine as an example, this type of mineral is recorded as the benchmark type, and the other types of minerals are recorded as general types. The distribution area of ​​the benchmark type minerals and the total distribution area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are statistically obtained. Based on the obtained topographic spatial data, which includes the micro-topographic matching degree and topographic fluctuation frequency of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the safe interval of the micro-topographic matching degree and the safe interval of the topographic fluctuation frequency of the abnormal slope areas of the open-pit iron mine are extracted from the database. The topographic spatial landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is analyzed, and the specific calculation formula is as follows: Where T represents the terrain constraint factor corresponding to the terrain spatial data. d' represents the distribution area of ​​the baseline type of ore, d represents the total distribution area of ​​the open-pit iron ore, g represents the number of each abnormal slope area, g=1,2,…,m, m represents the number of abnormal slope areas, e g 'represents the safe interval for micro-topographic matching degree of the g-th abnormal slope region in an open-pit iron mine, h' g 'represents the safe interval for topographic fluctuation frequency in the g-th abnormal slope region of an open-pit iron mine, e' g h represents the micro-topographic matching degree of the g-th anomalous slope region in an open-pit iron mine. g This represents the topographic fluctuation frequency of the g-th abnormal slope region in the open-pit iron mine.

[0040] It should be noted that the topographic spatial data of abnormal slope areas in open-pit iron mines are the core parameters for characterizing the spatial relationship between mineral types and topography. Among them, the micro-topographic matching degree reflects the similarity of micro-topographic features in different mineral distribution areas, such as local slope values ​​and slope angles. The topographic fluctuation frequency reflects the speed of spatial undulation of the topography. For example, high-frequency fluctuations indicate that the topography is fragmented and undulating, while low-frequency fluctuations indicate that the topography is gentle and continuous. Therefore, analyzing the micro-topographic matching degree and topographic fluctuation frequency of each abnormal slope area in open-pit iron mines is meaningful for assessing the topographic spatial landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area in open-pit iron mines.

[0041] In the above embodiments, the specific analysis method for evaluating the landslide resistance index of the topographic environment in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is as follows: based on the obtained topographic environment data, which includes: shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are compared with the safe range of shear strength of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine stored in the database. By comparing the safe ranges for catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover, if the shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of a certain type of ore in an abnormal slope area of ​​an open-pit iron mine are within the safe ranges for all four parameters (shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover), then the landslide resistance index of the topographic environment for each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is denoted as f; otherwise, it is denoted as f'. This leads to the landslide resistance index β of the topographic environment for each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine. g ,β gt The value of f includes either f or f', where f > f'.

[0042] It should be noted that shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover, from four dimensions—mechanical stability, hydrological driving force, seepage depth, and ecological regulation—construct a "multi-factor, multi-scale" correlation between mineral types and topographic environment. Shear strength is the core mechanical indicator of soil and rock mass resisting shear failure, directly reflecting the stability of mineral types under the self-weight of slopes and external forces. If the shear strength of a certain mineral type is high, it indicates that the mineral type can maintain a strong mechanical equilibrium in the current topography. Catchment area is the total area of ​​the slope region that receives precipitation or surface runoff, directly affecting the water input intensity of the environment where the mineral type is located. Areas with large catchment areas have a large amount of surface water collected after precipitation, which is more likely to form surface runoff erosion. The surface layer of the ore; the seepage path length is the distance that groundwater travels from the recharge area to the ore distribution area, which directly affects the soaking and softening time of the ore by groundwater. A longer seepage path means that the groundwater interacts more fully with the soil and rock mass during the seepage process. Vegetation cover affects the stability of the terrain where the ore is located through the effects of root soil fixation, interception of precipitation, and reduction of surface runoff. The landslide resistance index of the terrain environment of the ore will be reduced due to the ecological slope stabilization effect. Therefore, analyzing the shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of various types of ore in the abnormal slope areas of open-pit iron mines is meaningful for assessing the landslide resistance index of the terrain environment in the abnormal slope areas of open-pit iron mines.

[0043] In Step 1, Preliminary Data Acquisition, and Step 2, Topographic Information Analysis: Displacement monitoring stations were deployed in various slope areas of the open-pit iron mine to collect slope data. The environmental safety index of each slope area was then analyzed, abnormal slope areas were screened, and the topographic information of various mineral distributions in each abnormal slope area was matched. Furthermore, topographic spatial data and topographic environmental data were collected using UAV aerial surveying systems and remote sensing equipment. The topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine were evaluated. This approach avoids the ambiguity and risk of missed detection inherent in traditional manual judgment, improves the accuracy of anomaly identification, prevents resource waste, avoids landslide accidents, and reduces the degree of damage.

[0044] Step 3: Risk Level Analysis: Based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is determined, and risk management is carried out.

[0045] In the above embodiments, the specific analysis method for determining the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine is as follows: based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine, when At that time, the landslide risk level of the abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine was recorded as Level 1 risk. At that time, the landslide risk level of the abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine was recorded as Level II risk.

[0046] It should be noted that the assessment of the topographic spatial landslide resistance index and the topographic environmental landslide resistance index in various abnormal slope areas of open-pit iron mines, together with the topographic environmental landslide resistance index, constructs a "cause-evolution" assessment framework for landslide risk from two dimensions: spatial structural adaptability and environmental driving mechanism. The topographic spatial landslide resistance index focuses on the spatial adaptability of mineral distribution to topographic morphology, while the topographic environmental landslide resistance index focuses on the interaction between mineral types and environmental factors. The essence of their role in landslide risk value is to "quantify how the external environment exacerbates or mitigates potential instability." The topographic spatial landslide resistance index and the topographic environmental landslide resistance index do not act in isolation, but rather work together through the synergy of "structural hazards + environmental driving forces" to jointly determine the final magnitude of landslide risk value. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the topographic spatial landslide resistance index and the topographic environmental landslide resistance index in various abnormal slope areas of open-pit iron mines to predict the topographic landslide risk value of various mineral types in various abnormal slope areas of open-pit iron mines.

[0047] In the above embodiments, the specific analysis method for risk handling is as follows: when the risk is level one, the monitoring frequency of the drone inspection is increased to the detection frequency threshold, and a water interception ditch is set up.

[0048] When the risk level is classified as Level II, personnel should be evacuated immediately, and warning signs should be issued, and operations should be suspended. Drones should be used to scan and classify the abnormal slope areas to identify the loading zone at the top of the slope and the hollowed-out zone at the toe of the slope. For the loading zone at the top of the slope, the load should be removed urgently, and for the hollowed-out zone at the toe of the slope, graded sand and gravel should be used for backfilling to enhance the slope's resistance to sliding.

[0049] It should be noted that intercepting ditches are installed to prevent rainwater erosion from causing localized landslides.

[0050] It should be noted that Level 1 risk means that the current probability of landslide is low, but there are potential triggers that may lead to an escalation of the risk. Level 2 risk indicates that the slope has already shown significant signs of instability and may trigger a large-scale landslide in the short term.

[0051] It should be noted that the loading zone at the top of the slope is an abnormal slope with slag accumulation, and the hollowed-out zone at the toe of the slope is a cavity formed after mining of similar minerals.

[0052] In step three, risk level analysis: based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is determined, risk management is carried out, resources are not wasted in low-risk areas, risk escalation is curbed, and a solid guarantee is provided for safe production in the mine.

[0053] In the above embodiments, an apparatus for a mine environment monitoring method is characterized by comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication bus; the memory stores a computer-readable program that can be executed by the processor; the communication bus enables communication between the processor and the memory; and the processor executes the computer-readable program to implement the apparatus for a mine environment monitoring method.

[0054] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a system for a mine environmental monitoring method, characterized in that it includes: a preliminary data acquisition module: by setting up displacement monitoring stations in each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, collecting slope data, and then analyzing the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine.

[0055] Terrain Information Analysis Module: Based on the obtained environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, it filters out each abnormal slope area, matches the terrain information of various types of mines in each abnormal slope area, and collects terrain spatial data and terrain environmental data through UAV aerial survey system and remote sensing equipment to evaluate the terrain spatial landslide resistance index and terrain environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine.

[0056] Risk level analysis module: Based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is determined and risk management is carried out.

[0057] It should be noted that the database is used to store the following safe ranges for each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine: horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, sound wave propagation velocity in rock mass, environmental safety index, reflectivity, elevation difference, topographic curvature, characteristic spectral values, micro-topographic matching degree, topographic fluctuation frequency, shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, vegetation coverage, and detection frequency threshold.

[0058] It should be noted that the safety ranges for horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, sound wave propagation velocity in rock mass, environmental safety index, reflectivity of various mineral bands, elevation difference, topographic curvature, characteristic spectral values, micro-topographic matching degree and topographic fluctuation frequency of abnormal slope areas in open-pit iron mines, shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, vegetation coverage, and detection frequency thresholds for various minerals in abnormal slope areas of open-pit iron mines are set by relevant personnel.

[0059] The above content is merely an example and illustration of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described, or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, and all such modifications and additions should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the environment in a mine, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Preliminary Data Collection: Displacement monitoring stations are set up in various slope areas of the open-pit iron mine to collect slope data, and then the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is analyzed. Step 2: Topographic Information Analysis: Based on the obtained environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, screen each abnormal slope area, match the topographic information of various types of mines in each abnormal slope area, and collect topographic spatial data and topographic environmental data through UAV aerial survey system and remote sensing equipment to evaluate the topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine. Based on the obtained topographic information on the distribution of various mineral types in the abnormal slope areas of the open-pit iron mine, taking a certain type of mineral as an example, this type of mineral is designated as the baseline type, and the remaining types of minerals are designated as general types. The distribution area of ​​the baseline type mineral and the total distribution area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are statistically obtained. Based on the obtained topographic spatial data, which includes the micro-topographic matching degree and topographic fluctuation frequency of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the safe intervals of the micro-topographic matching degree and the safe intervals of the topographic fluctuation frequency of the abnormal slope areas of the open-pit iron mine are extracted from the database. The topographic spatial landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is analyzed, and its specific calculation formula is as follows: Where T represents the terrain constraint factor corresponding to the terrain spatial data. d' represents the distribution area of ​​the benchmark type of ore, d represents the total distribution area of ​​the open-pit iron ore, and g represents the number of each abnormal slope area. m represents the number of abnormal slope areas, e g 'represents the safe interval for micro-topographic matching degree of the g-th abnormal slope region in an open-pit iron mine, h' g 'represents the safe interval for topographic fluctuation frequency in the g-th abnormal slope region of an open-pit iron mine, e' g h represents the micro-topographic matching degree of the g-th anomalous slope region in an open-pit iron mine. g This represents the topographic fluctuation frequency of the g-th anomalous slope region in the open-pit iron mine. Based on the obtained topographic environment data, which includes the shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are compared with the safe ranges for shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of various minerals in each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine stored in the database. If the shear strength, catchment area, seepage path length, and vegetation cover of a certain type of mineral in a certain abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine are within the safe range, then the topographic environment landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is recorded as f; otherwise, it is recorded as f'. Thus, the topographic environment landslide resistance index β of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is obtained. g ,β gt The value of includes f or f', where, ; Step 3: Risk Level Analysis: Based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is determined, and risk management is carried out.

2. The method for monitoring the mine environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific analysis method for the environmental safety index of each slope area in the open-pit iron mine is as follows: Based on the obtained slope data, including horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, and sound wave propagation velocity in the rock mass of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, and extracting safe ranges for horizontal displacement, crack width, number of faults, number of joints, and sound wave propagation velocity in the rock mass of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine from the database, the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is analyzed. The specific calculation formula is as follows: H ld H represents the data of the d-th slope in the l-th slope region of an open-pit iron mine. ld 'Represents the safe interval for the d-th slope data in the l-th slope region of an open-pit iron mine. .

3. The method for monitoring the mine environment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific analysis method for screening each abnormal slope area is as follows: Based on the obtained environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is compared with the safe range of the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine stored in the database. If the environmental safety index of a certain slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is not within the safe range of the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, it indicates that the slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is in an abnormal state, and the slope area is recorded as an abnormal slope area, thereby obtaining each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine. If the environmental safety index of a certain slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is within the safe range of the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, it indicates that the slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is in a normal state.

4. The method for monitoring the mine environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific analysis method for matching the topographic information of various mineral distributions in each abnormal slope area is as follows: Inspections were conducted using drone-mounted detection equipment and lidar to monitor and obtain topographic information for each abnormal slope area. This topographic information included: band reflectivity, elevation difference, terrain curvature, and characteristic spectral values ​​for each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine. The corresponding band reflectivity, elevation difference, terrain curvature, and characteristic spectral value ranges for each type of ore were extracted from the database. To identify the distribution areas of various minerals in each abnormal slope region of an open-pit iron mine, the band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral values ​​of each abnormal slope region are compared with the corresponding band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral value intervals for each type of mineral. If the band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral value of a certain topographic information of an abnormal slope region fall within the corresponding band reflectance, elevation difference, topographic curvature, and characteristic spectral value intervals for a certain type of mineral, then this topographic information of the abnormal slope region is recorded as the distribution topographic information of that type of mineral in that abnormal slope region, thus obtaining the distribution topographic information of various minerals in each abnormal slope region.

5. A method for monitoring the environment in a mine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific analysis method for determining the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area in an open-pit iron mine is as follows: Based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine, when At that time, the landslide risk level of the abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine was recorded as Level 1 risk. At that time, the landslide risk level of the abnormal slope area in the open-pit iron mine was recorded as Level II risk.

6. A method for monitoring the environment in a mine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific analysis method for risk management is as follows: When the risk level is Level 1, the monitoring frequency of drone inspections will be increased to the detection frequency threshold, and interception ditches will be set up. When the risk level is classified as Level II, personnel should be evacuated immediately, and warning signs should be issued, and operations should be suspended. Drones should be used to scan and classify the abnormal slope areas to identify the loading zone at the top of the slope and the hollowed-out zone at the toe of the slope. For the loading zone at the top of the slope, the load should be removed urgently, and for the hollowed-out zone at the toe of the slope, graded sand and gravel should be used for backfilling to enhance the slope's resistance to sliding.

7. An apparatus for performing the mine environmental monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The device includes a processor, a memory, and a communication bus; the memory stores a computer-readable program that can be executed by the processor; the communication bus enables communication between the processor and the memory; when the processor executes the computer-readable program, it implements the apparatus of the mine environment monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A system for performing the mine environmental monitoring method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: Preliminary data acquisition module: By setting up displacement monitoring stations in each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, slope data is collected, and then the environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is analyzed. Terrain Information Analysis Module: Based on the obtained environmental safety index of each slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, it filters each abnormal slope area, matches the terrain information of various types of mines in each abnormal slope area, and collects terrain spatial data and terrain environmental data through UAV aerial survey system and remote sensing equipment to evaluate the terrain spatial landslide resistance index and terrain environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine. Risk level analysis module: Based on the obtained topographic spatial landslide resistance index and topographic environmental landslide resistance index of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine, the landslide risk level of each abnormal slope area of ​​the open-pit iron mine is determined and risk management is carried out.

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