A green prevention and control method for tomato virus disease based on synergy of solanaceae and asteraceae weeds

Abstract

This invention discloses a green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae and Asteraceae weeds, belonging to the field of agricultural plant crop protection technology. This invention uses the Solanaceae weed *Solanum nigrum* and the Asteraceae weed *Chrysanthemum indicum* as indicator plants for tomato viral diseases. By arranging the indicator plants in a grid pattern, comprehensive monitoring of major viral disease species within the facility can be achieved. By monitoring the viral disease symptoms of the indicator plants, early warnings can be issued 7-10 days in advance, allowing more time for tomato disease control and improving the timeliness and proactivity of prevention and control. Furthermore, based on the warnings issued by the indicator plants, an extract of *Eupatorium fortunei*, an Asteraceae weed that has a significant inhibitory effect on tomato viral disease symptoms, is applied, thus constructing an integrated "monitoring-blocking" green control system, achieving early warning and efficient control of viral diseases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural plant crop protection technology, and in particular relates to a green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds. Background Technology

[0002] The frequent occurrence of viral diseases has become a core bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) industry. Even more serious is the fact that the enclosed, temperature- and humidity-controlled conditions of tomato cultivation facilities provide ideal conditions for the rapid accumulation and spread of viral pathogens. The limitations of traditional chemical control methods within these facilities are particularly pronounced—long-term reliance on chemical agents not only accelerates the evolution of pesticide resistance in pests but also leads to secondary problems such as excessive pesticide residues and soil microecological imbalance. Although the breeding of disease-resistant varieties is considered a potential solution, its development cycle is long, and existing resistance genes only target single virus species, making it difficult to cope with the threats of multiple infections and rapid viral mutations.

[0003] Against this backdrop, biocontrol technologies based on plant-virus interactions have become an international research hotspot due to their environmental compatibility and sustainability advantages. Recent studies have shown that using virus-sensitive indicator plants for early warning, combined with targeted intervention using plant-derived antiviral active substances, can construct an integrated "monitoring-blocking" green control system. Meanwhile, the antiviral potential of plant secondary metabolites has received considerable attention in recent years. The weedy plant *Eupatorium fortunei* has been shown to have inhibitory effects on mouse viral pneumonia, human enteric EV-71 virus, and swine diarrhea virus; in vitro experiments have confirmed that the ethanol extract of *Eupatorium fortunei* has a significant inhibitory effect on tomato viral diseases; field trials have shown that *Eupatorium fortunei* extract can significantly reduce the incidence of viral diseases. However, current technology lacks reports on the combination of *Eupatorium fortunei* extract and indicator plants for the control of tomato viral diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae and Asteraceae weeds.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae and Asteraceae weeds, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) The indicator plants were transplanted and planted using a grid layout method. Tomatoes were transplanted 30-35 days after the indicator plants were planted. Early warning of tomato viral diseases was achieved by monitoring the symptoms of viral diseases in the indicator plants. The indicator plants were selected from black nightshade and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum.

[0008] (2) Spray the diluted solution of Eupatorium extract on the plant according to the warning issued by the plant in step (1) to control tomato viral diseases.

[0009] Technical Principle: This invention uses two indicator plants, *Solanum nigrum* (a weed of the Solanaceae family) and *Chrysanthemum indicum* (a weed of the Asteraceae family), as indicator plants for tomato viral diseases. A grid layout method is used to deploy these indicator plants, enabling comprehensive monitoring of major viral diseases within the facility. By monitoring the symptoms of viral diseases on the indicator plants, early warnings can be issued 7-10 days in advance, allowing more time for disease control and improving the timeliness and proactivity of prevention and control. Furthermore, based on the warnings issued by the indicator plants, an extract of *Eupatorium fortunei* (a weed of the Asteraceae family), which has a significant inhibitory effect on tomato viral diseases, is applied. This constructs an integrated "monitoring-blocking" green prevention and control system, achieving early warning and efficient control of viral diseases.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), the process of transplanting and planting the indicator plants using a grid layout method specifically involves: planting them at intervals of 5-6m... 2 Plant one indicator plant at each intersection, alternating between transplanting black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings at a depth of 3-5cm. Water thoroughly after transplanting, using 0.5-0.6L of water per plant.

[0011] Furthermore, the seedling raising process for the black nightshade seedlings and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings is as follows: black nightshade seeds and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seeds are sown in seedling trays and raised under the conditions of a seedling substrate moisture content of 85-90%, a temperature of 15-20℃, a humidity of 70%-80%, and a daily light duration of not less than 8 hours. When the seedlings have grown to 3-4 true leaves, the seedling raising is completed, and the black nightshade seedlings and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings are obtained.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), after the tomatoes are transplanted, they are grown under conditions of a temperature of 20-25℃, a humidity of 60%-70%, and a daily light duration of no less than 8 hours.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (1), when 8-10% of the black nightshade plants or winged broadleaf chrysanthemum plants show symptoms of viral disease or are found to be carrying small insects that transmit the virus, the diseased plants should be immediately removed and placed in sealed plastic bags for incineration outside the facility; or,

[0014] Before seed production, all black nightshade and winged broadleaf daisy plants were disease-free. They were removed, placed in sealed plastic bags, and burned outside the facility.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), the concentration of the diluted eupatorium extract is ≥15mg / mL.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (2), the spraying volume of the diluted Eupatorium fortunei extract is 500-550 mL / m³. 2 When spraying, keep the nozzle 30-40cm away from the plant and spray once every 6-7 days, for a total of 3-5 times.

[0017] Further, in step (2), the preparation method of the diluted eupatorium extract includes the following steps:

[0018] A. Collect the stems and leaves of Eupatorium fortunei, wash, dry and crush them to obtain Eupatorium fortunei granules;

[0019] B. Under sealed conditions, the Eupatorium granules obtained in step A are soaked and extracted in an ethanol solution, and then filtered to obtain a crude Eupatorium extract;

[0020] C. The crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei obtained in step B is subjected to vacuum distillation to obtain a concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei.

[0021] D. Dissolve the concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei obtained in step C in ethanol, and then add water to prepare a diluted solution of the Eupatorium fortunei extract.

[0022] Further, in step B, the mass ratio of the eupatorium granules to the ethanol solution is 1:8 to 1:10; and / or,

[0023] The soaking temperature is room temperature, and the soaking time is 48-50 hours; and / or,

[0024] The extraction method is ultrasound, the extraction temperature is 50-55℃, and the extraction time is 40-45 minutes; the power of the ultrasound is 300-320W.

[0025] Further, in step C, the temperature of the vacuum distillation is 50-60℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum distillation is -0.08 to -0.06 MPa; and / or,

[0026] The volume of the concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei is 1 / 8 to 1 / 10 of the total volume of crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0028] I. Early and Precise Warning: This invention innovatively utilizes *Solanum nigrum* (Solanaceae) and *Chrysanthemum indicum* (Asteraceae) as indicator plants, employing a scientific planting layout and planting them earlier than tomatoes. By monitoring the viral disease symptoms of these indicator plants, warnings can be issued 7-10 days in advance, allowing more time for disease control in tomatoes and improving the timeliness and proactivity of prevention and control.

[0029] II. Green and efficient prevention and control: This invention uses ethanol extract of Eupatorium fortunei, a plant of the Asteraceae family, as a plant for prevention and control of viral diseases in tomatoes. It has a significant inhibitory effect on viral diseases in tomatoes, which meets the needs of green agricultural development and has good ecological and social benefits.

[0030] III. Comprehensive Monitoring and Synergistic Control: Single indicator plants or control methods are insufficient to address complex viral diseases. This invention utilizes a synergistic arrangement of black nightshade and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum to achieve comprehensive monitoring of major virus species within the facility. Simultaneously, by combining this with the application of Eupatorium fortunei extract, an integrated "monitoring-blocking" green control system is constructed, enhancing the control effect.

[0031] IV. Simple and Economical Operation: Black nightshade, winged broadleaf chrysanthemum, and agastache are all common weeds, readily available, and inexpensive. The planting layout and extract preparation method of this invention are simple to operate, require no complex equipment or technology, and are easy to promote and apply in agricultural production. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planting patterns for black nightshade and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum in the grid layout method;

[0034] Figure 2 A process flow diagram for preparing a diluted solution of Eupatorium fortunei extract;

[0035] Figure 3 The morphology of tomato plants before (A) removal of indicator plants and after (B) removal of indicator plants and treatment with 15 mg / mL Eupatorium fortunei extract in Example 3 is shown.

[0036] Figure 4 The morphology of tomato plants without viral disease symptoms (A) and the morphology of tomato plants with disease symptoms (B) are shown in Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Solanum nigrum (a member of the Solanaceae family) and Pluchea sagittalis (a member of the Asteraceae family) are agricultural weeds susceptible to various viruses. Infected leaves exhibit significant yellowing, mottling, and wrinkling symptoms, and the onset of disease occurs earlier than in tomatoes; in some areas, obvious symptoms may appear even before tomato transplanting during periods of low temperatures. This invention integrates both plants in a grid layout, enabling comprehensive monitoring of major viral diseases within facilities, providing crucial technical support for advancing the control window.

[0040] This invention provides a green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae and Asteraceae weeds, comprising the following steps:

[0041] (1) The indicator plants were transplanted and planted using a grid layout method. Tomatoes were transplanted 30-35 days after the indicator plants were planted. Early warning of tomato viral diseases was achieved by monitoring the symptoms of viral diseases in the indicator plants. The indicator plants were selected from black nightshade and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum.

[0042] (2) Spray the diluted solution of Eupatorium extract on the plant according to the warning issued by the plant in step (1) to control tomato viral diseases.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, step (1), specifically the process of transplanting and planting the indicator plants using a grid layout method, involves planting them at intervals of 5-6m. 2 Plant one indicator plant at each intersection, alternating between black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings, at a depth of 3-5 cm. Water thoroughly after transplanting, using 0.5-0.6 L of water per plant. This invention uses a grid layout method for indicator plants, which has the advantage of high virus indication efficiency. It can promptly monitor viral disease symptoms in indicator plants and issue early warnings, improving the timeliness and proactivity of prevention and control.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the seedling raising process of the black nightshade seedlings and the winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings is as follows: black nightshade seeds and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seeds are sown in seedling trays and raised under the conditions of a seedling substrate moisture content of 85-90%, a temperature of 15-20℃, a humidity of 70%-80%, and a daily light duration of not less than 8 hours. When the seedlings have grown to 3-4 true leaves, the seedling raising is completed, and the black nightshade seedlings and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings are obtained. The seedling raising work of black nightshade and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum is completed 30 days before the concentrated planting of tomatoes.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), after the tomatoes are transplanted, they are grown under conditions of a temperature of 20-25℃, a humidity of 60%-70%, and a daily light duration of not less than 8 hours.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), when 8-10% of the black nightshade plants or winged broadleaf chrysanthemum plants show symptoms of viral diseases (such as leaf wrinkling, mosaic, yellowing) or when there are small insects (such as aphids, whiteflies, etc.) that transmit the virus, the diseased plants are immediately removed and placed in sealed plastic bags and burned outside the facility; the operating tools are disinfected with a 10wt% sodium hypochlorite solution; or, if the black nightshade plants and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum plants have not developed diseases before seed formation, all black nightshade plants and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum plants are removed, placed in sealed plastic bags, and burned outside the facility.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the spraying of the diluted eupatorium extract according to the warning issued by the plant in step (1) specifically means: spraying the diluted eupatorium extract when the black nightshade plant or the winged broadleaf chrysanthemum plant shows 8-10% of viral disease symptoms (such as leaf wrinkling, mosaic, yellowing) or when there are small insects (such as aphids, whiteflies, etc.) that transmit the virus; and not applying the diluted eupatorium extract when the black nightshade plant and the winged broadleaf chrysanthemum plant have not developed the disease before seed formation.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the concentration of the diluted *Eupatorium fortunei* extract is ≥15 mg / mL, more preferably 15-20 mg / mL. This invention uses an ethanol extract of *Eupatorium fortunei*, a plant in the Asteraceae family, as a plant-derived antiviral active substance for disease control. This extract significantly inhibits tomato viral diseases, meeting the needs of green agricultural development and possessing good ecological and social benefits. However, if the concentration of the diluted *Eupatorium fortunei* extract is too low, its inhibitory effect on tomato viral diseases is poor, resulting in a higher disease incidence rate.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the spraying volume of the diluted Eupatorium fortunei extract is 500-550 mL / m³. 2 When spraying, the nozzle should be 30-40cm away from the plant. Spray once every 6-7 days, for a total of 3-5 times. The equipment for spraying the diluted Eupatorium fortunei extract is a sprayer. Each spraying should be carried out on a sunny day between 9-11 am or 3-5 pm. Avoid spraying in hot, rainy, or windy weather.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, step (2) involves the following steps in preparing the diluted eupatorium extract:

[0051] A. Collect the stems and leaves of Eupatorium fortunei, wash, dry and crush them to obtain Eupatorium fortunei granules;

[0052] B. Under sealed conditions, the Eupatorium granules obtained in step A are soaked and extracted in an ethanol solution, and then filtered to obtain a crude Eupatorium extract;

[0053] C. The crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei obtained in step B is subjected to vacuum distillation to obtain a concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei.

[0054] D. Dissolve the concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei obtained in step C in ethanol, and then add water to prepare a diluted solution of the Eupatorium fortunei extract.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, in step A, the cleaning is to rinse with running water 3-5 times; the drying temperature is 80°C, and the drying is carried out until the moisture content is 10%-15%; the pulverization is to pulverize with a pulverizer until the particle diameter does not exceed 2mm.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, in step B, the mass ratio of the eupatorium granules to the ethanol solution is 1:8 to 1:10; and the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 95%.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, in step B, the soaking temperature is room temperature (20-25°C), and the soaking time is 48-50 hours.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, in step B, the extraction method is ultrasound, the extraction temperature is 50-55℃, and the extraction time is 40-45 min; the power of the ultrasound is 300-320W.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, in step B, the filtration is performed using a 200-mesh filter cloth.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, in step C, the temperature of the vacuum distillation is 50-60°C, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum distillation is -0.08 to -0.06 MPa; the equipment for the vacuum distillation is a rotary evaporator.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, in step C, the volume of the concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei is 1 / 8 to 1 / 10 of the volume of the crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the volume fraction of ethanol in step D is 95%. There is no specific limitation on the amount of ethanol used in the embodiments of the present invention; any amount sufficient to dissolve the concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei is acceptable.

[0063] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the embodiments of this invention were purchased through commercial channels.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] The specific steps for transplanting black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings are as follows:

[0066] (1) Seedling raising of black nightshade and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum: Sow black nightshade seeds and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seeds in seedling trays. The water holding capacity of the seedling substrate is 90%. Maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at 15-20℃, the humidity at 70%-80%, and the daily light duration at no less than 8 hours. When the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves, the seedling raising is completed, and black nightshade seedlings and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings are obtained. The seedling raising of black nightshade and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum should be completed 30 days before the concentrated planting of tomatoes.

[0067] (2) Planting of black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings: Diagonal layout method and grid layout method were used respectively (see schematic diagram). Figure 1 Black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings were transplanted using an alternating edge-center and block-interval planting method, as shown in Table 1. The planting depth for both seedlings was 3-5 cm. After transplanting, the seedlings were immediately watered with 0.5 L of water per plant. The greenhouse temperature was maintained at 15-20℃, humidity at 60%-70%, and daily light exposure at least 8 hours. Viral disease symptoms were monitored after transplanting, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0068] Table 1 Planting patterns of black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings

[0069] Layout type Implementation Diagonal layout method Indicator plants are planted at 2m intervals along the diagonal of the greenhouse. Grid layout method <![CDATA[Plant one indicator plant at each intersection every 5m 2 > Edge-Center Layout Method Indicator plants are planted 1m from the edge of the greenhouse, with a spacing of 2m. Block-interval layout method The greenhouse was divided into four equal sections, with five indicator plants randomly planted in the center of each section.

[0070] Table 2. Incidence of viral diseases in black nightshade and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum under different planting patterns.

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Table 2, the disease incidence and disease index of black nightshade and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum were the highest when the grid layout planting method was used, indicating that the grid layout method has the highest efficiency in indicating viral diseases.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] The preparation method of the diluted solution of Eupatorium fortunei extract is as follows, and the process flow diagram is shown in the figure. Figure 2 :

[0075] (a) Collect the stems and leaves of Eupatorium fortunei, rinse them three times with running water, and dry them at 80°C to a moisture content of 10%-15%. Put the dried stems and leaves of Eupatorium fortunei into a pulverizer and pulverize them to obtain Eupatorium fortunei particles with a diameter of <2mm.

[0076] (ii) Place the Eupatorium fortunei granules into a sealed container with a lid, and then add a 95% ethanol solution (the mass ratio of Eupatorium fortunei granules to ethanol solution is 1:10). Soak at room temperature (20-25℃) for 48 hours, and then ultrasonically extract for 40 minutes at a power of 300W and a temperature of 50℃. After extraction, filter with a 200-mesh filter cloth to separate the solid residue in the extract and obtain crude Eupatorium fortunei extract.

[0077] (iii) Transfer the crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei to a rotary evaporator and perform vacuum distillation at a temperature of 50℃ and a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa to concentrate it to 1 / 10 of the original volume of the crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei. The concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei is then stored in a brown glass bottle.

[0078] (iv) Dissolve the concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei in 95% alcohol by volume, then add water to prepare diluted Eupatorium fortunei extract solutions with concentrations of 0 mg / mL, 5 mg / mL, 10 mg / mL and 15 mg / mL respectively.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] A green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae and Asteraceae weeds, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0081] (1) Sow the seeds of black nightshade and winged stem broad-bristled chrysanthemum in the seedling tray. The water holding capacity of the seedling substrate is 90%. Keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 15-20℃, the humidity at 70%-80%, and the daily light duration at no less than 8 hours. When the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves, the seedlings are ready and black nightshade seedlings and winged stem broad-bristled chrysanthemum seedlings are obtained.

[0082] (2) According to every 5m 2 Plant one indicator plant at each intersection, alternating between transplanting black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings at a depth of 3-5 cm. Water immediately after transplanting, using 0.5 L of water per plant. Maintain a greenhouse temperature of 15-20℃ and humidity of 60%-70%, with at least 8 hours of light per day. Transplant tomato seedlings 30 days after transplanting the black nightshade and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings. After transplanting the tomatoes, maintain a greenhouse temperature of 20-25℃ and humidity of 60%-70%, with at least 8 hours of light per day.

[0083] (3) Monitor the symptoms of viral diseases in black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings. When 10% of the black nightshade plants or winged broadleaf chrysanthemum plants show symptoms of viral diseases such as leaf wrinkling, mosaic, and yellowing, or when there are small insects (such as aphids and whiteflies) that transmit the virus, remove the plants in time. Disinfect the tools used for operation with a 10wt% sodium hypochlorite solution. Alternatively, if the black nightshade plants and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum plants have not developed the disease before seed formation, remove them, put them in sealed plastic bags, and take them out of the greenhouse for incineration. At the same time, use a sprayer to spray at 500mL / m 2 The spray volume of the diluted Eupatorium fortunei extract prepared in Example 2 was used for spraying inside the greenhouse. The virus inhibition results are shown in Table 3. When spraying the diluted Eupatorium fortunei extract prepared in Example 2, the nozzle should be 30-40 cm away from the plant to ensure that both sides of the leaves are evenly coated with the medicine. Spray once every 7 days for a total of 3 sprays. Each spraying should be carried out on a sunny day from 9-11 am or from 3-5 pm, avoiding spraying in hot, rainy, or windy weather.

[0084] Figure 3 Morphology of tomato plants before (A) removal of indicator plants and after (B) treatment with 15 mg / mL Eupatorium fortunei extract following removal of indicator plants in Example 3. Figure 3 It can be seen that before the indicator plants were removed, the tomato plants showed symptoms of viral disease, with rot on the leaf surface and sparse leaves. After the indicator plants were removed and the plants were treated with 15 mg / mL Eupatorium fortunei extract, the symptoms of viral disease in the tomato plants were suppressed, the number of leaves increased and the leaves were bright green, and the plants showed good overall growth.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] A green control method for tomato viral diseases, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0087] Steps (1)-(2) are the same as in Example 3;

[0088] (3) Monitor the symptoms of viral diseases in black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings. When 10% of the black nightshade plants or winged broadleaf chrysanthemum plants show symptoms of viral diseases such as leaf wrinkling, mosaic, and yellowing, or when there are small insects (such as aphids and whiteflies) that transmit the virus, do not remove the black nightshade seedlings and winged broadleaf chrysanthemums. Immediately use a sprayer to apply 500 mL / m 2 The diluted Eupatorium fortunei extract prepared in Example 2 was sprayed inside the greenhouse at the specified spray volume. The virus inhibition results are shown in Table 4. The spraying method for the diluted Eupatorium fortunei extract was the same as in Example 3.

[0089] Figure 4 The images show the morphology of tomato plants without viral disease symptoms (A) and the morphology of diseased tomato plants (B) in Example 1. From... Figure 4It can be seen that the leaves of uninfected tomato plants are lush and do not show signs of curling, wilting or drying, while the leaves of infected tomato plants show signs of curling, wilting and yellowing.

[0090] Table 3

[0091]

[0092] Table 4

[0093]

[0094] As shown in Tables 3 and 4, using black nightshade and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum to indicate virus occurrence, timely removal of plants when the indicator crops show signs of disease, and applying a diluted solution of Eupatorium fortunei extract with a concentration ≥15 mg / mL to tomatoes can effectively suppress tomato viral diseases and significantly reduce the incidence of disease.

[0095] Comparative Example 2 (using black nightshade as the indicator crop alone)

[0096] A green control method for tomato viral diseases, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0097] (1) Sow the black nightshade seeds in the seedling trays. The water holding capacity of the seedling substrate is 90%. Keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 15-20℃ and the humidity at 70%-80%. The daily light duration is not less than 8 hours. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the seedlings are obtained.

[0098] (2) According to every 5m 2 Transplant black nightshade seedlings at the intersection point, using a standard specification of one indicator plant, at a planting depth of 3-5 cm. Water immediately after transplanting, using 0.5 L of water per plant. Maintain the greenhouse temperature at 15-20℃, humidity at 60%-70%, and ensure at least 8 hours of light per day. Transplant tomato seedlings 30 days after transplanting. After transplanting, maintain the greenhouse temperature at 20-25℃, humidity at 60%-70%, and at least 8 hours of light per day.

[0099] Step (3) is the same as in Example 3. The virus suppression results are shown in Table 5.

[0100] Table 5

[0101]

[0102] By comparing Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that when only one indicator crop is used, although it can achieve a certain inhibitory effect on tomato virus diseases, the disease incidence rate is still higher compared with using both black nightshade and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum as indicator crops. This indicates that the present invention uses black nightshade (a solanaceous weed) and winged broadleaf chrysanthemum (a asteraceous weed) together as indicator plants for tomato virus diseases, thus achieving effective inhibition of tomato virus diseases.

[0103] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The indicator plants were transplanted and planted using a grid layout method. Tomatoes were transplanted 30-35 days after the indicator plants were planted. Early warning of tomato viral diseases was achieved by monitoring the symptoms of viral diseases in the indicator plants. The indicator plants were selected from black nightshade and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum. (2) Spray the diluted solution of Eupatorium extract on the plant according to the warning issued by the plant in step (1) to control tomato viral diseases.

2. The green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the process of transplanting the indicator plants by the grid method is specifically as follows: transplanting the indicator plants at an interval of 5-6 m 2 The standard staggered transplanting of Solanum nigrum seedlings and Wingstem Broadleaf Chrysanthemum seedlings is performed by planting one indicator plant at each intersection, with a planting depth of 3-5 cm. After transplanting, timely watering is performed to help the seedlings establish roots, with a water volume of 0.5-0.6 L per plant.

3. The green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds according to claim 2, characterized in that, The seedling raising process for the black nightshade seedlings and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings is as follows: black nightshade seeds and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seeds are sown in seedling trays and raised under the conditions of a substrate moisture content of 85-90%, a temperature of 15-20℃, a humidity of 70%-80%, and a daily light duration of not less than 8 hours. When the seedlings have grown to 3-4 true leaves, the seedling raising is completed, and the black nightshade seedlings and winged stem broadleaf chrysanthemum seedlings are obtained.

4. The green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), after the tomatoes are transplanted, they are grown under conditions of a temperature of 20-25℃, a humidity of 60%-70%, and a daily light duration of no less than 8 hours.

5. The green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), when 8-10% of the black nightshade plants or winged broadleaf daisy plants show symptoms of viral disease or are found to be carrying small insects that transmit the virus, immediately remove the diseased plants and place them in sealed plastic bags for burning outside the facility; or, Before seed production, all black nightshade and winged broadleaf daisy plants were disease-free. They were removed, placed in sealed plastic bags, and burned outside the facility.

6. The green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the concentration of the diluted eupatorium extract is ≥15mg / mL.

7. The green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), the spraying rate of the diluted Eupatorium fortunei extract is 500-550 mL / m³. 2 When spraying, keep the nozzle 30-40cm away from the plant and spray once every 6-7 days, for a total of 3-5 times.

8. The green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the preparation method of the diluted eupatorium extract includes the following steps: A. Collect the stems and leaves of Eupatorium fortunei, wash, dry and crush them to obtain Eupatorium fortunei granules; B. Under sealed conditions, the Eupatorium granules obtained in step A are soaked and extracted in an ethanol solution, and then filtered to obtain a crude Eupatorium extract; C. The crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei obtained in step B is subjected to vacuum distillation to obtain a concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei. D. Dissolve the concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei obtained in step C in ethanol, and then add water to prepare a diluted solution of the Eupatorium fortunei extract.

9. The green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step B, the mass ratio of the eupatorium granules to the ethanol solution is 1:8 to 1:10; and / or, The soaking temperature is room temperature, and the soaking time is 48-50 hours; and / or, The extraction method is ultrasound, the extraction temperature is 50-55℃, and the extraction time is 40-45 minutes; the power of the ultrasound is 300-320W.

10. The green control method for tomato viral diseases based on the synergistic effect of Solanaceae-Asteraceae weeds according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step C, the temperature of the vacuum distillation is 50-60℃, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum distillation is -0.08 to -0.06 MPa; and / or, The volume of the concentrated crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei is 1 / 8 to 1 / 10 of the total volume of crude extract of Eupatorium fortunei.

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