Watering-free afforestation method for bare-root caragana microphylla

Abstract

The invention discloses a watering-free afforestation method for bare-rooted caragana microphylla. The watering-free afforestation method comprises the following steps: (1) raising bare-rooted seedlings from field-planted seedlings of caragana microphylla in a nursery garden; binding into bundles, quickly dipping roots into slurry, bagging, loading into a truck and transporting to a project field; (2) removing bags from the bare-rooted seedlings transported to the project field, and storing the bare-rooted seedlings in a refrigeration house; (3) pruning overground parts and root systems of the bare-rooted seedlings in the refrigeration house; (4) soaking the roots of the trimmed bare-rooted seedlings in the soaking slurry, then taking out, bagging, and loading and transporting to a planting site for planting; according to the method disclosed by the invention, a whole set of planting technical system of seedling lifting, transportation, storage, pretreatment, planting and the like of the bare-rooted caragana microphylla is formed, through combined use of an anti-transpiration agent-water-retaining agent and a bactericide-rooting powder-mycorrhizal fungi, the dual effects of disease prevention, growth promotion and water management are realized, and the afforestation survival rate of the bare-rooted caragana microphylla is increased and can reach 90% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seedling planting technology, specifically relating to a method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering. Background Technology

[0002] Caragana korshinskii is an important tree species for ecological restoration and windbreak and sand fixation in arid and semi-arid regions of northern my country. Its bare-root seedling planting is widely used due to its low cost and ease of large-scale promotion. However, the traditional bare-root seedling planting method is highly dependent on water resources, and the seedlings need to be watered immediately after planting to ensure their survival.

[0003] In related technologies, for example, Song Lihua et al., in their study "Evaluation of the Growth Adaptability of Several Shrubs in the Arid and Windy Sandy Area of ​​Yanchi, Ningxia," mentioned that after planting bare-root Caragana korshinskii and maintaining normal watering, the survival rate reached 97.5%. Although the survival rate was guaranteed, this is difficult to implement in mountainous areas, especially in water-scarce regions, and is also costly. If watering is not done after planting, the survival rate is difficult to guarantee. Kang Fahui et al., in their study "Preliminary Study on Caragana korshinskii Seedling Afforestation Experiment with Moisture," mentioned that using bare-root Caragana korshinskii seedlings for afforestation, without watering after planting, the highest survival rate was 30.8%. Su Hongbin et al., in their study "A Non-Irrigated Afforestation Experiment of Caragana korshinskii in the Rainy Season on the North and South Mountains of Lanzhou," mentioned that using bare-root Caragana korshinskii for non-irrigated afforestation during the rainy season, the survival rate was 76.5%.

[0004] In recent years, researchers have proposed improved solutions using water-retaining agents to address the aforementioned problems. However, certain shortcomings remain. For example, traditional starch-based water-retaining agents have low water absorption rates and are easily decomposed, failing to provide adequate water retention. Polyacrylamide has a moderate water absorption rate but is not easily decomposed, causing environmental pollution, and has weak salt tolerance. The current state of these technologies means that the survival rate and ecological adaptability of bare-root Caragana korshinskii afforestation without irrigation cannot meet the needs of large-scale afforestation in arid regions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above description, the present invention provides a technical method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering. This method can effectively improve the survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii under watering conditions, while greatly saving water resources and construction costs.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) In the nursery, bare-root seedlings of Caragana korshinskii planted in the ground were dug up; bundled together, roots were quickly dipped in mud, bagged, and loaded onto trucks for transport to the project site;

[0009] (2) Remove the bags from the bare-root seedlings transported to the project site and store them in a cold storage;

[0010] (3) Prune the above-ground parts and roots of the bare-root seedlings in the cold storage;

[0011] (4) Soak the roots of the pruned bare-root seedlings in soaking mud, then take them out, put them in bags, and load them onto a truck for transport to the planting site for planting.

[0012] The method for preparing the soaking mud includes the following steps:

[0013] 1) Add water-retaining agent to water, stir evenly, let stand and swell until gel-like, stir until no lumps remain, forming a uniform and transparent colloidal solution;

[0014] 2) Dissolve the antitranspirant and rooting powder in a small amount of water and stir until completely dissolved. Then slowly add the mixture of antitranspirant and rooting powder to the colloidal solution, stir evenly, and adjust the pH to 6.5-7.0.

[0015] 3) Add the loam and stir thoroughly until it becomes a paste, then let it stand;

[0016] 4) Add the bactericide and stir to ensure that the bactericide is evenly dispersed in the mud; then add the microbial agent and stir evenly to obtain the soaking mud.

[0017] In some embodiments, in the method for preparing the soaking mud, the water-retaining agent is potassium polyacrylate at a concentration of 200-500 times, and the water-retaining agent is mixed with water for 4-6 hours. This ensures that the water-retaining agent has sufficient swelling time in the water, preventing clumping and uneven mixing. The use of potassium polyacrylate as a water-retaining agent in this invention has many advantages compared to other types of water-retaining agents (such as polyacrylamide or starch-based agents), such as high water absorption rate (300-500 times), biodegradability (2-3 years), salt and alkali resistance, good stability, and the ability to provide potassium to plants, improving their stress resistance, improving soil aggregate structure, and preventing the mud from hardening after drying.

[0018] In some embodiments, in the method for preparing the soaking mud, the antitranspirant is 0.2% fulvic acid, and the rooting powder is 11,000-14,000 times diluted rooting agent. The fulvic acid and the water-retaining agent can synergistically form a "water-retaining-antitranspirating" composite gel.

[0019] In some embodiments, in the method for preparing the soaking mud, the pH is adjusted using a citric acid solution or a sodium bicarbonate solution, and the concentration of the citric acid solution or the sodium bicarbonate solution is 0.1%.

[0020] In some embodiments, in the method for preparing the soaking mud, the soil is sieved through a 2mm sieve, and the amount of soil added is 60%-70% of the weight of the soaking mud.

[0021] In some embodiments, in the method for preparing the soaking mud, the bactericide is Bacillus subtilis, added at 2 g / kg mud. Bacillus subtilis inhibits pathogens and is compatible with subsequent AMF (Amphimethoxam-Fluoride Chemicals).

[0022] In some embodiments, the effective viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is ≥2 billion / g.

[0023] In some embodiments, in the method for preparing the soaking mud, the microbial agent is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), added at 5 g / kg mud.

[0024] In some embodiments, the effective species in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is *Heteromorpha rhizocarpium*.

[0025] In some implementations, the seedlings of Caragana korshinskii planted in step (1) are selected as 1-2 year old seedlings, with a plant height of 40-80cm above ground and a root length of 25-40cm; bare-root seedlings with a ground diameter of more than 2.0mm are selected, as the survival rate of bare-root seedlings with a ground diameter of less than 2.0mm will be greatly reduced. The bare-root seedlings are bundled together, with 100-150 seedlings per bundle. After bundling, the diameter of a single bundle of bare-root seedlings is 8-15cm, which is convenient for workers to grasp and use with one hand and carry with them, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0026] In some embodiments, in step (1), the quick-dip mud is prepared by mixing nursery soil with water to form a viscous consistency, thus obtaining the quick-dip mud from locally available materials, which is more convenient. In one specific embodiment, the quick-dip mud is prepared by mixing nursery soil with water, and the amount of soil added is 60%-70% of the mass of the quick-dip mud. After the roots of the bundled bare-root seedlings are quickly dipped in the mud, they are bagged with ordinary plastic bags and then loaded onto a vehicle. After loading, the surface of the bare-root seedlings is covered with tarpaulin to retain moisture and reduce moisture loss during transportation.

[0027] In some implementations, in step (2), when storing bare-root seedlings, the bottom is raised by 20cm using a wooden board, and the cold storage environment is 0-5℃ and 70-90% humidity; the elevation ensures ventilation and prevents root rot; the cold storage environment can maintain the dormancy state of bare-root seedlings and reduce water loss from bare-root seedlings.

[0028] In some implementations, in step (3), bare-root seedlings are pruned in bundles. The length of the above-ground part of the bare-root seedling after pruning is 25-40cm, and the length of the root system after pruning is 15-20cm. If there are any damaged roots such as split roots or bark roots, they are also cut off.

[0029] In some implementations, in step (4), the roots of the pruned bare-root seedlings are soaked in soaking mud for 3-5 hours. During soaking, all the roots of the bare-root seedlings are immersed in the mud to ensure that all roots can come into contact with the mud.

[0030] In some implementations, the bare-root seedlings described in step (4) are covered after being loaded onto the vehicle;

[0031] In some implementations, in step (4), the planting pit is 40-60 cm × 40-60 cm × 30-40 cm in size. Then, planting holes are dug further down at the bottom of the planting pit, with a depth of 20-25 cm. Two bare-root seedlings are planted in each hole. Planting the bare-root seedlings in the planting pit using the deep pit planting method can reduce surface wind damage and water loss from the bare-root seedlings, while utilizing deep soil moisture. Planting two bare-root seedlings in each hole can greatly improve the overall survival rate of each hole, ensuring the overall survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii afforestation.

[0032] In some implementations, when digging planting holes at the bottom of the planting pit, the excavated moist soil is set aside separately. The bare-root seedlings, after the above treatment, are removed from their bags and planted into the planting holes. The soil used for backfilling is the moist soil excavated from the planting holes, ensuring that the roots of the bare-root seedlings are in complete contact with the moist soil. The soil is then tamped down with the feet to ensure close contact between the roots and the soil. Finally, the bottom of the planting pit is leveled.

[0033] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0034] By employing the technical method of this invention, the planting period of bare-root seedlings of Caragana korshinskii can be effectively extended, and the bare-root seedlings in the nursery can be prevented from sprouting naturally under natural conditions. From the time the seedlings are lifted from the nursery until the final planting step, the bare-root seedlings remain in a dormant state, ensuring the survival rate of the seedlings and providing a reliable guarantee for completing large-scale planting tasks.

[0035] The technical method of this invention forms a complete planting technology system for bare-root Caragana korshinskii seedlings, including seedling raising, transportation, storage, pretreatment, and planting. This system enables a survival rate of over 90% for bare-root Caragana korshinskii seedlings planted without subsequent watering. By combining antitranspirants, water-retaining agents, fungicides, rooting powder, and mycorrhizal fungi, a dual effect of disease prevention, growth promotion, and water management is achieved. This effectively prevents water loss during transportation while ensuring adequate water supply to the seedling roots after planting. It promotes root growth and enhances seedling resistance, effectively increasing the survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii afforestation to over 90%. Furthermore, the absence of post-planting watering significantly conserves water resources and reduces construction costs. This method is suitable for arid, semi-arid, and water-scarce northern regions. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the growth of the indoor planting experiment in Example 1 30 days after planting.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the growth of the plants two months after planting in the field planting experiment of Example 2;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the growth of the indoor planting experiment in Comparative Example 2 30 days after planting.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the growth of the indoor planting experiment in Comparative Example 8 30 days after planting. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. These embodiments are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0041] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, and apparatus used in the following examples can be obtained commercially or prepared according to methods published in the literature.

[0043] In this document, when values ​​are described as ranges, it should be understood that such disclosure includes disclosure of all possible subranges within that range, as well as the specific numerical values ​​falling within that range, regardless of whether the specific numerical value or specific subrange is explicitly specified.

[0044] The following are descriptions of terms or words, and unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0045] In this article, the words “contain” and “include” and their various variations mean that other elements or wholes may be included but not specifically described.

[0046] All raw materials used in this invention are commercially available products. Among them:

[0047] Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus subtilis microbial agent, effective live bacteria count ≥2 billion / g, produced by Qingdao Hairuis Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification is 1kg / bag, powder.

[0048] Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant: Produced by Beijing Jinbilai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification: 50g / bag, powder, effective strain name: Rhizocystis heterophylla, propagation number ≥70 cells / mL.

[0049] Trichoderma inoculant: Produced by Shandong Tainuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., specification is 1kg / bag, wettable powder, active ingredient and its content: Trichoderma 200 million live spores / g.

[0050] Bacillus megaterium inoculum: produced by Guangxi Nongbao Bioengineering Co., Ltd., in 500g / bag powder form, with a live bacteria count of 10 billion / g.

[0051] Nitrogen-fixing bacteria inoculant: Azotobacter chrysoprase, produced by Herrenknecht Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is available in 1kg / bag powder form with a live count of ≥10 billion / g.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] An indoor planting experiment was conducted in Chayouqian Banner, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

[0054] (1) Purchase a white transparent plastic box from the market as a test container. The plastic box has dimensions of 64cm×44cm×31cm.

[0055] (2) Select one-year-old seedlings from the nursery, with a plant height of 50-60cm above ground, a root length of 25-35cm, and a ground diameter of more than 2.0mm for bare-root seedlings of Caragana korshinskii. One day in advance, quickly dip the bare-root seedlings of Caragana korshinskii in mud slurry and cover them with plastic bags. The mud slurry is prepared by mixing soil and water from the nursery, with the amount of soil added being 65% of the mass of the mud slurry. Transport to the test site;

[0056] (3) Remove the plastic bag from the bare-root seedlings and trim them. The root system should be 15cm long after trimming and the above-ground part should be 25cm long after trimming.

[0057] (4) Add water to a plastic bucket with a diameter of 55cm and a height of 45cm to a depth of 20cm. Add 300 times the amount of potassium polyacrylate to the water, stir evenly, and let it swell for 5 hours until it becomes gel-like. After swelling, stir until there are no lumps and a uniform and transparent colloidal solution is formed.

[0058] (5) Dissolve fulvic acid and rooting powder in a small amount of water and stir until completely dissolved. Then slowly add the mixture of antitranspirant and rooting powder to the colloidal solution (fulvic acid concentration is 0.2% and rooting powder concentration is 12000 times) and stir continuously for 10 minutes.

[0059] (6) Adjust the pH of the above mixture to 6.5-7.0 using 0.1% citric acid solution or 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution;

[0060] (7) Pass the loam through a 2mm sieve and add it to the above mixture at a loam content of 62wt% (based on soaking mud). Stir thoroughly until it becomes a paste and let it stand for 10 minutes.

[0061] (8) Add Bacillus subtilis at a rate of 2 g / kg mud to the mud above and stir for 5 minutes to ensure that the bacterial solution is evenly dispersed in the mud.

[0062] (9) Add arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) at a rate of 5 g / kg mud to the above mud, stir gently for 2 minutes to obtain soaking mud;

[0063] (10) Soak the roots of the pruned bare-root seedlings in soaking mud for 4 hours, then take them out and put them in plastic bags for later use;

[0064] (11) Take soil from the planting site of the project, put it into a woven bag and bring it back indoors, then pour it into a plastic box;

[0065] (12) Plant the treated bare-root seedlings into plastic boxes, with 36 seedlings per box, for a total of 108 seedlings. After planting, compact the soil and level the surface.

[0066] The soil moisture content was found to be 11.16%; no additional watering was required within 30 days. The number of surviving plants was measured 30 days after planting, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0067] Example 2:

[0068] Field planting trials were conducted in Chayouqian Banner, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

[0069] (1) Remove the 1-year-old Caragana korshinskii seedlings from the nursery and dig them out into bare-root seedlings;

[0070] (2) Select bare-root seedlings with a ground diameter of 2.0 mm or more, with a plant height of 50-60 cm above ground and a root length of 25-35 cm, and bundle them together, with 100 seedlings per bundle;

[0071] (3) Take soil from the nursery, add water and mix it into mud. The amount of soil added is 65% of the weight of the mud slurry. After the bare-root seedlings are dipped in the mud slurry, put them in plastic bags, load them onto a truck, cover them with tarpaulins, and transport them to a cold storage.

[0072] (4) Remove the bags from the bare-root seedlings, arrange them neatly, and raise them by 20cm using wooden boards. At the same time, adjust the environment of the cold storage to a temperature of 0-5℃ and a humidity of 70-90%.

[0073] (5) Take the bare-root seedlings out of the cold storage and trim them. The root system should be 15cm long after trimming and the above-ground part should be 25cm long after trimming.

[0074] (6) Add water to a plastic bucket with a diameter of 55cm and a height of 45cm to a depth of 20cm. Add 300 times the amount of potassium polyacrylate to the water, stir evenly, and let it stand to swell for 5 hours until it becomes gel-like. After swelling, stir until there are no lumps and a uniform and transparent colloidal solution is formed.

[0075] (7) Dissolve fulvic acid and rooting powder in a small amount of water and stir until completely dissolved. Then slowly add the mixture of antitranspirant and rooting powder to the colloidal solution (fulvic acid concentration is 0.2% and rooting powder concentration is 12000 times) and stir continuously for 10 minutes.

[0076] (8) Adjust the pH of the above mixture to 6.5-7.0 using 0.1% citric acid solution or 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution;

[0077] (9) Pass the loam through a 2mm sieve and add it to the above mixture at a loam content of 62wt% (based on soaking mud). Stir thoroughly until it becomes a paste and let it stand for 10 minutes.

[0078] (10) Add Bacillus subtilis at a rate of 2 g / kg mud to the mud above and stir for 5 minutes to ensure that the bacterial solution is evenly dispersed in the mud.

[0079] (11) Add arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) at a rate of 5 g / kg mud to the above mud, stir gently for 2 minutes to obtain the mud for soaking.

[0080] (12) Soak the roots of the pruned bare-root seedlings in mud for 4 hours, then take them out and put them in plastic bags for later use;

[0081] (13) Load the treated bare-root seedlings onto the truck, cover them, and transport them to the planting site;

[0082] (14) One day in advance, use an excavator to dig planting pits with dimensions of 40cm×60cm×40cm.

[0083] (15) When planting, first scrape off the dry soil on the surface of the planting pit to expose the wet soil, then dig a planting hole 20cm deep, plant two bare-root seedlings into the planting hole, backfill with wet soil, and tamp it down with your feet. Finally, level the bottom of the planting pit.

[0084] No watering was done after planting. The number of surviving plants was measured after 2 months, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] The difference from Example 1 is that the water-retaining agent used in Comparative Example 1 is polyacrylamide, with a concentration of 300 times.

[0087] Comparative Example 2

[0088] The difference from Example 1 is that the water-retaining agent used in Comparative Example 2 is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at a concentration of 1%.

[0089] Comparative Example 3

[0090] The difference from Example 1 is that the antitranspirant used in Comparative Example 3 is sodium humate at a concentration of 0.2%.

[0091] Comparative Example 4

[0092] The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 4 uses abscisic acid as the antitranspirant at a concentration of 10 ppm.

[0093] Comparative Example 5

[0094] The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 5 uses 50% carbendazim as the bactericide, with a concentration of 500 times.

[0095] Comparative Example 6

[0096] The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 6 uses Trichoderma as the bactericide at a concentration of 2 g / kg mud.

[0097] Comparative Example 7

[0098] The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 7 uses Bacillus megaterium as the microbial agent at a concentration of 5 g / kg mud.

[0099] Comparative Example 8

[0100] The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 8 uses nitrogen-fixing bacteria as the microbial agent, with a concentration of 5 g / kg mud.

[0101] Comparative Example 9

[0102] The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of water-retaining agent is different. In Comparative Example 9, the water-retaining agent is 800 times diluted potassium polyacrylate.

[0103] Comparative Example 10

[0104] The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of water-retaining agent is different. In Comparative Example 10, the water-retaining agent is 150 times diluted potassium polyacrylate.

[0105] Comparative Example 11

[0106] The difference from Example 1 is that the concentrations of the antitranspirant and rooting powder are different. In Comparative Example 11, the concentration of fulvic acid is 0.1% and the concentration of Root Ensu is 20,000 times.

[0107] Comparative Example 12

[0108] The difference from Example 1 is that the concentrations of the antitranspirant and rooting powder are different. In Comparative Example 12, the concentration of fulvic acid is 0.3% and the concentration of Root Ensu is 5000 times.

[0109] Comparative Example 13

[0110] The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of microbial agent added is different. In Comparative Example 13, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were added at 1 g / kg mud.

[0111] Comparative Example 14

[0112] The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of microbial agent added is different. In Comparative Example 14, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were added at 10g / kg mud.

[0113] Comparative Example 15

[0114] The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 15 was soaked in the soaking mud for 2 hours.

[0115] Comparative Example 16

[0116] The difference from Example 1 is that Comparative Example 16 was soaked in the soaking mud for 6 hours.

[0117] Results Analysis

[0118] The survival rates of different embodiments and comparative examples were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0119] Table 1 Survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii planting

[0120] project Number of plants Number of surviving plants Survival rate Example 1 108 90 83.3％ Comparative Example 1 108 76 70.4％ Comparative Example 2 108 71 65.7％ Comparative Example 3 108 74 68.5％ Comparative Example 4 108 71 65.7％ Comparative Example 5 108 80 74.1％ Comparative Example 6 108 79 73.1％ Comparative Example 7 108 82 75.9％ Comparative Example 8 108 81 75.0％ Comparative Example 9 108 78 72.2％ Comparative Example 10 108 76 70.4％ Comparative Example 11 108 77 71.3％ Comparative Example 12 108 82 75.9％ Comparative Example 13 108 80 74.1％ Comparative Example 14 108 85 78.7％ Comparative Example 15 108 79 73.1％ Comparative Example 16 108 84 77.8％

[0121] As shown in Table 1, the survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii treated using the technical method of this invention reached 83.3%, meaning that the survival rate of a single bare-root Caragana korshinskii plant can reach over 80%. If two plants are planted in each planting hole, the probability that both bare-root Caragana korshinskii plants in the same planting hole will die is (1-80%)×(1-80%)=4%. Therefore, the probability that a bare-root Caragana korshinskii plant survives in the same planting hole is 1-4%=96%, which means that the theoretically calculated survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii afforestation is 96%.

[0122] Based on the actual field investigation, the survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii afforestation in Example 2 is shown in Table 2.

[0123] Table 2 Survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii afforestation

[0124]

[0125] Example 2: Afforestation was carried out according to the technical method of the present invention. The survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii reached 92.6%, and the average length of new shoots was 7 cm, showing good afforestation effect.

[0126] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-16 shows that the selection and dosage of water-retaining agents, rooting powders, antitranspirants, fungicides, and microbial agents, as well as the soaking time in the mud, all significantly affect the survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii using the method of this application. Laboratory planting experiments using the method of this application show that the survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii reached 83.3%. Based on planting two trees per planting hole in the field, the theoretically calculated survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii afforestation is 96%. The field planting experiment of Example 2 also shows that the survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii in the field afforestation without watering reached 92.6%, greatly improving the survival rate of bare-root Caragana korshinskii in arid areas.

[0127] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shows that the water-retaining agent used in Example 1 is potassium polyacrylate, while that used in Comparative Example 1 is polyacrylamide and that used in Comparative Example 2 is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The survival rates are 83.3%, 70.4%, and 65.7%, respectively. The effect of Example 1 is significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It can be seen that compared with the other two materials, the molecular structure of potassium polyacrylate can better adsorb and retain water. Under drought stress, its water retention effect is better and more suitable for the water requirements of bare-root Caragana korshinskii.

[0128] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 shows that the antitranspirant used in Example 1 is fulvic acid, while Comparative Example 3 uses sodium humate and Comparative Example 4 uses abscisic acid, with survival rates of 83.3%, 68.5%, and 65.7%, respectively. The effect of Example 1 is significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 3 and 4. This indicates that fulvic acid is more effective in reducing transpiration water loss. The reasons for this may be: sodium humate has a larger molecular weight and lower activity compared to fulvic acid, resulting in a delayed physiological response; while abscisic acid, as a plant stress hormone, may produce a short-term, strong stress response to induce rapid stomatal closure, but it degrades quickly and its effect is often short-lived. High concentrations may inhibit the overall growth of plants to some extent, and the final effect is not as good as fulvic acid. This application selects fulvic acid, which can reduce transpiration through a more direct, rapid, and significant physiological regulatory mechanism, such as inducing stomatal closure to directly limit water loss channels, and increasing the content of osmotic regulators in plants to enhance cell water retention capacity, actively improving stress resistance, and forming a synergistic closed loop with water-retaining agents and microbial agents to achieve a synergistic effect on root development.

[0129] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 shows that the fungicide used in Example 1 was Bacillus subtilis, while Comparative Example 5 used carbendazim, and Comparative Example 6 used Trichoderma. The survival rates were 83.3%, 74.1%, and 73.1%, respectively. The effect of Example 1 was significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 5 and 6. This indicates that Bacillus subtilis can not only inhibit pathogens but also promote plant growth and is compatible with subsequent AMF (Amphioxus Fungicide). Compared with carbendazim and Trichoderma, it has a greater advantage in protecting the root system of bare-root Caragana korshinskii. Carbendazim is a chemical fungicide and lacks the beneficial functions of Bacillus subtilis, such as promoting growth, inducing resistance, and competitive colonization. It may also have a negative impact on beneficial soil microorganisms. Trichoderma is effective against some soil-borne diseases, but it is weaker than Bacillus subtilis in promoting the overall stress resistance of plants (such as drought resistance).

[0130] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8 shows that the microbial agent used in Example 1 was arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while Comparative Example 7 used Bacillus megaterium and Comparative Example 8 used nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with survival rates of 83.3%, 75.9%, and 75.0%, respectively. Example 1's effect was significantly better than Comparative Examples 7 and 8. The reason for this may be that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of Caragana korshinskii, enhancing root absorption capacity, while Bacillus megaterium and nitrogen-fixing bacteria have a weaker direct root-promoting effect in the early stages of bare-root Caragana korshinskii planting. Bacillus megaterium mainly increases phosphorus availability by secreting organic acids to dissolve insoluble phosphorus in the soil, but it does not possess the core functions of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent proposed in this application, which significantly expands the root absorption area (especially water and mineral elements), improves the rhizosphere microenvironment, and enhances the host plant's resistance (drought resistance and disease resistance) through a vast mycelial network. The main function of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is to fix nitrogen from the air for plant use, and it also cannot replace the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent in expanding the absorption area and resisting drought.

[0131] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10 shows that the water-retaining agent in Example 1, a 300-fold dilution of potassium polyacrylate, achieved a survival rate of 83.3%, while Comparative Example 9, with an 800-fold dilution of potassium polyacrylate, achieved a survival rate of 72.2%; and Comparative Example 10, with a 150-fold dilution of potassium polyacrylate, achieved a survival rate of 70.4%. Both Comparative Examples 9 and 10 had lower survival rates than Example 1. This indicates that both excessively low and excessively high concentrations of the water-retaining agent can affect its water-retention effect. Too low a concentration leads to insufficient water supply to the roots, while too high a concentration results in excessively thick root slurry and oxygen deficiency, thus affecting root respiration.

[0132] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 11 and 12 shows that in Example 1, with a fulvic acid concentration of 0.2% and a 12,000-fold dilution of Root Enfamil, the survival rate was 83.3%. In Comparative Example 11, with a fulvic acid concentration of 0.1% and a 20,000-fold dilution of Root Enfamil, the survival rate was 71.3%. In Comparative Example 12, with a fulvic acid concentration of 0.3% and a 5,000-fold dilution of Root Enfamil, the survival rate was 75.9%, all lower than that of Example 1. This indicates that low concentrations of fulvic acid have insufficient antitranspirant capacity, while excessively high concentrations may lead to excessive stomatal closure, affecting normal leaf physiological activities. Low concentrations of Root Enfamil have limited effect on promoting plant root growth, but high concentrations can also inhibit plant growth.

[0133] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 13 and 14 shows that in Example 1, the survival rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi added at 5 g / kg mud was 83.3%, while in Comparative Example 13, the survival rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi added at 1 g / kg mud was 74.1%, which was lower than that of Example 1. This indicates that a lower concentration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces its growth-promoting effect on Caragana korshinskii. In Comparative Example 14, the survival rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi added at 10 g / kg mud was 78.7%, indicating that the spore concentration was already saturated, and further increasing the spore concentration actually reduced the survival rate of Caragana korshinskii.

[0134] A comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 15 and 16 shows that in Example 1, the survival rate of the bare-root seedlings after soaking in the soaking mud for 4 hours was 83.3%. In Comparative Example 15, the soaking time was 2 hours, resulting in insufficient absorption of the pesticide by the bare-root seedlings and a survival rate of 73.1%. In Comparative Example 16, the soaking time was 6 hours, resulting in a survival rate of 77.8%. This indicates that too short a soaking time reduces the survival rate of the seedlings, while prolonged soaking time may cause root hypoxia or excessive absorption of the pesticide, leading to a decrease in the survival rate compared to Example 1.

[0135] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0136] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) In the nursery, bare-root seedlings of Caragana korshinskii planted in the ground were dug up; bundled together, roots were quickly dipped in mud, bagged, and loaded onto trucks for transport to the project site; (2) Remove the bags from the bare-root seedlings transported to the project site and store them in a cold storage; (3) Prune the above-ground parts and roots of the bare-root seedlings in the cold storage; (4) Soak the roots of the pruned bare-root seedlings in soaking mud, then take them out, put them in bags, and load them onto a truck for transport to the planting site for planting. The method for preparing the soaking mud includes the following steps: 1) Add water-retaining agent to water, stir evenly, let stand and swell until gel-like, stir until no lumps remain, forming a uniform and transparent colloidal solution; 2) Dissolve the antitranspirant and rooting powder in a small amount of water and stir until completely dissolved. Then slowly add the mixture of antitranspirant and rooting powder to the colloidal solution, stir evenly, and adjust the pH to 6.5-7.

0. 3) Add the loam and stir thoroughly until it becomes a paste, then let it stand; 4) Add the bactericide and stir to ensure that the bactericide is evenly dispersed in the mud; then add the microbial agent and stir evenly to obtain the soaking mud.

2. The method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the method for preparing the soaking mud, the water-retaining agent is potassium polyacrylate at a concentration of 200-500 times, and the water-retaining agent is mixed with water for 4-6 hours.

3. The method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the method for preparing the soaking mud, the antitranspirant is 0.2% fulvic acid, and the rooting powder is 11,000-14,000 times diluted rooting agent; furthermore, the pH is adjusted by citric acid solution or sodium bicarbonate solution, and the concentration of citric acid solution or sodium bicarbonate solution is 0.1%.

4. The method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the method for preparing the soaking mud, the soil is sieved through a 2mm sieve, and the amount of soil added is 60%-70% of the weight of the soaking mud.

5. The method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the method for preparing the soaking mud, the bactericide is Bacillus subtilis, added at 2g / kg mud.

6. The method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the method for preparing the soaking mud, the microbial agent is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, added at 5g / kg mud.

7. The method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the seedlings of Caragana korshinskii planted in the ground should be 1-2 years old, with a height of 40-80cm above ground and a root length of 25-40cm. The bare-root seedlings of Caragana korshinskii should have a ground diameter of more than 2.0mm. The bare-root seedlings should be bundled together, with 100-150 seedlings per bundle. After bundling, the diameter of a single bundle of bare-root seedlings should be 8-15cm. The quick-dip mud is prepared by mixing nursery soil with water, with the amount of soil added being 60%-70% of the mass of the quick-dip mud.

8. The method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), when storing bare-root seedlings, they are raised 20cm by wooden boards, and the cold storage environment is 0-5℃ and 70-90% humidity.

9. The method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), bare-root seedlings are pruned in bundles. The length of the above-ground part of the bare-root seedlings after pruning is 25-40cm, and the length of the root system after pruning is 15-20cm.

10. A method for afforestation of bare-root Caragana korshinskii without watering, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step (4), the roots of the pruned bare-root seedlings are soaked in soaking mud for 3-5 hours. In step (4), the planting step, the size of the planting pit is (40-60)cm×(40-60)cm×(30-40)cm, and then continue to dig planting holes at the bottom of the planting pit. The depth of the planting holes is 20-25cm, and 2 bare-root seedlings are planted in each hole.

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