Sponge filter material ball capable of efficiently absorbing water as well as preparation method and application of sponge filter material ball

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage and rainwater treatment, and particularly relates to a sponge filter material ball capable of efficiently absorbing water as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The sponge filter material ball is composed of a sponge filter material core material and a sponge filter material ball shell base material; the particle size of the sponge filter material balls is 25 mm to 150 mm; the sponge filter material core material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 to 60 parts of steelmaking slag, 20 to 35 parts of limestone, 5 to 10 parts of fluorite tailings and 3 to 8 parts of coke; the cotton filter material spherical shell base material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 to 80 parts of shale, 20 to 25 parts of coal gangue and 2 to 5 parts of bamboo fiber. The water absorption rate of the sponge filter material ball provided by the invention reaches 75%, and the sponge filter material ball has permeation and purification functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of wastewater and rainwater treatment technology, specifically relating to a highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the continuous expansion of hardened surface areas has led to a surge in rainwater runoff, placing traditional drainage systems under dual pressure on flood control and water resource utilization. The "sponge city" concept, by constructing a rainwater management system of "natural storage, natural infiltration, and natural purification," has become an important solution for sustainable urban development. Its core lies in utilizing buildings, roads, green spaces, and ecosystems to absorb, infiltrate, and slowly release rainwater at its source, achieving runoff control, groundwater replenishment, and water resource reuse during droughts. It helps to "absorb, store, infiltrate, and purify" runoff rainwater locally or nearby, replenish groundwater, regulate the water cycle, and "release" and utilize stored water during droughts. The establishment of sponge city systems is of great significance for the efficient use of water resources and the construction of a green and livable ecological environment.

[0003] Traditional sponge city products, such as sponge bricks and permeable bricks, are widely used in road sponge systems, but they only function to infiltrate water and cannot efficiently absorb, store, or purify rainwater. While current plastic water-absorbing module sponge city systems can absorb and store water, these modules and their absorbent modulus are made of organic polymer materials. On the one hand, they have low mechanical strength and poor load-bearing capacity, easily leading to ground surface collapse. On the other hand, they are expensive and prone to freeze-thaw damage and aging due to long-term exposure to a damp underground environment, requiring frequent replacement and resulting in high operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball, its preparation method, and its application. Specifically, the following technical solution is adopted: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball, the sponge filter ball being composed of a sponge filter core material and a sponge filter ball shell substrate; the particle size of the sponge filter ball is 25mm~150mm; The raw materials of the sponge filter core material, by weight, include: 50-60 parts of steelmaking slag, 20-35 parts of limestone, 5-10 parts of fluorite tailings, and 3-8 parts of coke. The raw materials of the filter media ball shell substrate, by weight, include: 70-80 parts shale, 20-25 parts coal gangue, and 2-5 parts bamboo fiber.

[0005] The sponge filter balls in this invention are mainly made from inorganic materials such as shale, coal gangue, steelmaking slag, limestone, and industrial waste through high-temperature sintering. The shell substrate of the sponge filter ball has a strength of up to 15 MPa, and has the advantages of high mechanical strength, freeze-thaw resistance, and good durability. Through the preparation of high water absorption core material for the sponge filter balls; the design of pore size and pore wall thickness of the sponge filter balls; and the optimization design of the shell substrate formula of the sponge filter balls, the developed sponge filter balls have a volume water absorption rate of 75% in 1 hour. They are porous materials with good water retention durability and rainwater permeability, reducing surface runoff emissions and possessing advantages such as high water absorption, good mechanical properties, freeze-thaw resistance, and good durability.

[0006] As a further preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the sponge filter core material includes the following steps: Steelmaking slag, limestone, fluorite tailings and coke are placed in a furnace and melted at a high temperature of 900℃~950℃ to obtain a high-temperature melt. The high-temperature melt was placed in a centrifuge and rotated at a high speed of 6500 rpm to 7000 rpm, while a binder was added to obtain inorganic mineral fibers. The inorganic mineral fibers are processed into spherical filter elements with a particle size of 10mm to 80mm and then placed in a curing furnace for heating and reaction. After the reaction is completed, the sponge filter core material is obtained.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment, the temperature of the heating reaction is 145℃~160℃; the heating reaction time is 3min~8min.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the filter media ball shell substrate includes the following steps: Shale and coal gangue are crushed, ground, and then mixed with bamboo fiber. A binder and water are added and mixed evenly to obtain the cotton filter ball shell substrate.

[0009] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned highly absorbent sponge filter media balls, comprising the following steps: The sponge filter core material is uniformly wrapped with the shell substrate of the cotton filter ball, dried, and then calcined at high temperature in a high-temperature furnace to obtain the sponge filter ball; the wrapping thickness of the shell substrate of the cotton filter ball is 5mm-10mm.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the drying temperature is 105°C and the drying time is 8 h-12 h.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, the specific procedure for the high-temperature calcination is as follows: The temperature was increased from room temperature to 900℃-950℃ at a heating rate of 2.5℃ / min, held for 40 min-50 min, and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

[0012] Thirdly, the present invention provides an active sponge city system, which includes a rainwater collection device, a water storage tank, the aforementioned sponge filter balls, and a drainage device.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment, the rainwater collection device is connected to the water storage tank; the sponge filter balls are placed in the water storage tank; the drainage device is connected to the water storage tank; and the drainage device uses a 100mm thick natural graded crushed stone cushion layer.

[0014] The sponge city system of the present invention includes rainwater collection devices, water storage tanks, sponge filter balls, drainage devices, etc., wherein the sponge filter balls function similarly to water absorption modules, and their performance has a crucial impact on the function of the sponge city system.

[0015] Fourthly, the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned sponge filter balls or the above-mentioned active sponge city system in urban construction for the treatment of sewage and rainwater.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) The present invention uses inorganic fiber core material to prepare sponge filter balls with high-strength sintered shell material. The shell strength reaches 15MPa, which is higher than the existing polymer fiber module products. It has better load-bearing capacity, frost resistance and durability, and improves the service life of urban sponge system.

[0017] (2) The active sponge city system provided by the present invention has the advantages of high mechanical strength, freeze-thaw resistance and good durability, and has the functions of absorption, storage, infiltration and purification. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 The diagram shown is of an active sponge city system. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the sponge filter media ball structure. Figure 3 The image shown is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sponge filter media ball structure; Figure 4 The image shown is of a sponge filter media ball. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] The main components of the steelmaking slag used in the following embodiments are silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, etc., with a density of 2.85~3.0 g / cm³. 3 The silica content is approximately 45% to 52%; Limestone is a mineral with the chemical composition CaCO3 and a density of 2.4~2.8 g / cm³. 3 Decomposition temperature: 830~1000℃; Fluorite tailings are an industrial waste residue, mainly composed of SiO2. 2、 CaF2, etc.; The binder uses liquid sodium silicate with a modulus (M) of approximately 2.9 to 3.3, a Baume degree of approximately 38.5, and a pH value of 10 to 13. The calorific value of coal gangue is 1500 kcal / kg~2000 kcal / kg; Bamboo fiber consists of small, spherical fiber balls; Example 1 A highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball, the preparation method of which specifically includes the following steps: (1) The preparation method of sponge filter media core material is as follows: S1. Using steelmaking slag, limestone, fluorite tailings and coke as the main raw materials, the mass ratio of steelmaking slag: limestone: fluorite tailings: coke is 57 parts: 35 parts: 5 parts: 3 parts. The raw materials are put into a furnace and melted at a high temperature of 900℃ to form a high-temperature melt. S2. The molten high-temperature melt is rotated at high speed of 6800 rpm in a centrifuge. Under the action of centrifugal force, the high-temperature melt is thrown into thin inorganic mineral fibers. S3. During the fiberization process, 10 parts of the binder sodium silicate are sprayed simultaneously to improve the strength and stability of the inorganic mineral fibers and process the inorganic mineral fibers into spherical filter elements with a particle size of 22mm~135mm. S4. Place the formed spherical filter element into a curing oven and heat it to a temperature of 150℃ for 8 minutes to cure it. This allows the binder to undergo a chemical reaction, firmly bonding the inorganic mineral fibers together and improving the strength and stability of the spherical filter core material, thus obtaining a sponge filter core material.

[0022] (2) The preparation method of the sponge filter media ball shell substrate is as follows: S1. Crush and grind shale and coal gangue to a fineness range of 160~200 mesh; S2. The crushed shale, coal gangue and bamboo fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 70 parts: 25 parts: 5 parts, with 20 parts water added, and mixed evenly to form a slurry for the shell of the sponge filter ball. (3) The preparation method of sponge filter balls is as follows: S1. The sponge filter ball shell substrate slurry prepared in step (2) is used to uniformly wrap the sponge filter ball core material prepared in step (1), with a wrapping thickness of 2.5mm to 15mm, to prepare sponge filter raw material balls with a particle size of 25mm to 150mm.

[0023] S2. The prepared sponge filter material raw balls are dried at 105℃ for 12 hours. After drying, the sponge filter material raw balls are placed in a high-temperature furnace for high-temperature calcination (the specific calcination procedure is: the heating rate is 2.5℃ / min to increase from room temperature to 950℃, and the temperature is held for 40 minutes and then naturally cooled to room temperature). Finally, sponge filter material balls are obtained.

[0024] The sponge filter media balls prepared above are placed in a water storage tank and, together with drainage devices and other equipment, are used to construct an active sponge city system (as shown in the schematic diagram). Figure 1 As shown, the drainage system consists of a 100mm thick natural graded crushed stone cushion layer.

[0025] Example 2 A highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball, the preparation method of which specifically includes the following steps: (1) The preparation method of sponge filter media core material is as follows: S1. Using steelmaking slag, limestone, fluorite tailings and coke as the main raw materials, the mass ratio of steelmaking slag: limestone: fluorite tailings and coke is 52 parts: 35 parts: 10 parts: 3 parts. The raw materials are put into a furnace and melted at a high temperature of 900℃ to form a high-temperature melt. S2. The molten high-temperature melt is rotated at high speed of 6800 rpm in a centrifuge. Under the action of centrifugal force, the high-temperature melt is thrown into thin inorganic mineral fibers. S3. During the fiberization process, 10 parts of the binder sodium silicate are sprayed simultaneously to improve the strength and stability of the inorganic mineral fibers and process the inorganic mineral fibers into spherical filter elements with a particle size of 22mm~135mm. S4. Place the formed spherical filter element into a curing oven and heat it to a temperature of 150℃ for 8 minutes to cure it. This allows the binder to undergo a chemical reaction, firmly bonding the inorganic mineral fibers together and improving the strength and stability of the spherical filter core material, thus obtaining a sponge filter core material.

[0026] (2) The preparation method of the sponge filter media ball shell substrate is as follows: S1. Crush and grind shale and coal gangue to a fineness range of 160~200 mesh; S2. The crushed shale, coal gangue and bamboo fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 70 parts: 25 parts: 5 parts, with 20 parts water added, and mixed evenly to form a slurry for the shell of the sponge filter ball. (3) The preparation method of sponge filter balls is as follows: S1. The sponge filter ball shell substrate slurry prepared in step (2) is used to uniformly wrap the sponge filter ball core material prepared in step (1), with a wrapping thickness of 2.5mm to 15mm, to prepare sponge filter raw material balls with a particle size of 25mm to 150mm.

[0027] S2. The prepared sponge filter material raw balls are dried at 105℃ for 12 hours. After drying, the sponge filter material raw balls are placed in a high-temperature furnace for high-temperature calcination (the specific calcination procedure is: the heating rate is 2.5℃ / min to increase from room temperature to 950℃, and the temperature is held for 40 minutes and then naturally cooled to room temperature). Finally, sponge filter material balls are obtained.

[0028] The sponge filter media balls prepared above are placed in a water storage tank and, together with drainage devices and other equipment, are used to construct an active sponge city system (as shown in the schematic diagram). Figure 1 As shown, the drainage system consists of a 100mm thick natural graded crushed stone cushion layer.

[0029] Example 3 A highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball, the preparation method of which specifically includes the following steps: (1) The preparation method of sponge filter media core material is as follows: S1. Using steelmaking slag, limestone, fluorite tailings and coke as the main raw materials, the mass ratio of steelmaking slag: limestone: fluorite tailings and coke is 52 parts: 35 parts: 10 parts: 3 parts. The raw materials are put into a furnace and melted at a high temperature of 900℃ to form a high-temperature melt. S2. The molten high-temperature melt is rotated at high speed of 6800 rpm in a centrifuge. Under the action of centrifugal force, the high-temperature melt is thrown into thin inorganic mineral fibers. S3. During the fiberization process, 10 parts of the binder sodium silicate are sprayed simultaneously to improve the strength and stability of the inorganic mineral fibers and process the inorganic mineral fibers into spherical filter elements with a particle size of 22mm~135mm. S4. Place the formed spherical filter element into a curing oven and heat it to a temperature of 150℃ for 8 minutes to cure it. This allows the binder to undergo a chemical reaction, firmly bonding the inorganic mineral fibers together and improving the strength and stability of the spherical filter core material, thus obtaining a sponge filter core material.

[0030] (2) The preparation method of the sponge filter media ball shell substrate is as follows: S1. Crush and grind shale and coal gangue to a fineness range of 160~200 mesh; S2. The crushed shale, coal gangue and bamboo fiber are mixed in a mass ratio of 70 parts: 25 parts: 5 parts, with 20 parts water added, and mixed evenly to form a slurry for the shell of the sponge filter ball. (3) The preparation method of sponge filter balls is as follows: S1. The sponge filter ball shell substrate slurry prepared in step (2) is used to uniformly wrap the sponge filter ball core material prepared in step (1), with a wrapping thickness of 2.5mm to 15mm, to prepare sponge filter raw material balls with a particle size of 25mm to 150mm.

[0031] S2. The prepared sponge filter material raw balls are dried at 105℃ for 12 hours. After drying, the sponge filter material raw balls are placed in a high-temperature furnace for high-temperature calcination (the specific calcination procedure is: the temperature rises from room temperature to 900℃ at a rate of 2.5℃ / min, and is held for 40 minutes before naturally cooling to room temperature). Finally, sponge filter material balls are obtained.

[0032] The sponge filter media balls prepared above are placed in a water storage tank and, together with drainage devices and other equipment, are used to construct an active sponge city system (as shown in the schematic diagram). Figure 1 As shown, the drainage system consists of a 100mm thick natural graded crushed stone cushion layer.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 A highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball is prepared in a similar manner to Example 1, except that the mass ratio of "steelmaking slag: limestone: fluorite tailings: coke of 57 parts: 35 parts: 5 parts: 3 parts" is replaced with "steelmaking slag: limestone: fluorite tailings: coke of 27 parts: 45 parts: 25 parts: 3 parts". All other processes are the same.

[0034] Comparative Example 2 A highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball is prepared in a similar manner to Example 1, except that the process of "heating from room temperature to 950°C at a rate of 2.5°C / min, holding for 40 min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature" is replaced with "heating from room temperature to 600°C at a rate of 2.5°C / min, holding for 40 min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature". All other processes are the same.

[0035] Comparative Example 3 A highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball is prepared in a similar manner to Example 1, except that the ratio of shale, coal gangue and bamboo fiber in a mass ratio of 70 parts: 25 parts: 5 parts is replaced with the ratio of shale, coal gangue and bamboo fiber in a mass ratio of 100 parts: 0 parts: 0 parts. All other processes are the same.

[0036] Example 4 The sponge filter balls prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to performance testing, and the specific process is as follows: The 30-minute volumetric water absorption rate test of the sponge filter media balls was conducted according to T / CECS 1272 "Technical Specification for Intelligent Carbon Fiber Rainwater Harvesting Module System": First, the sponge filter media balls were dried in a 105 ℃±5 ℃ forced-air drying oven until constant weight, and the volume V1 of the sponge filter media balls was calculated; then, the dried sample was immersed in a container containing V2 volume of water; after 30 minutes, the volume V3 of water in the container was read, and the 30-minute volumetric water absorption rate of the sponge filter media balls could be calculated using the following formula: Volumetric water absorption rate (%) = 100 × (V1 + V2 - V3) / V1 The strength test of the shell substrate of the sponge filter ball is carried out in accordance with GB / T2542 "Test Method for Masonry Bricks". First, the shell substrate material is formed into a cylindrical shape and sintered at high temperature. The cross-sectional area S of the cylinder is then tested. During the test, the loading rate is controlled within the range of 2~6kN / s until the sample is damaged. The maximum failure load P is recorded, and the strength of the shell substrate of the sponge filter ball can be calculated.

[0037] Test method for 30-minute mass water release rate of sponge filter media balls: First, weigh the dried and constant-weight sponge filter media balls (m1), immerse them in water at a temperature of 10℃~30℃ for 24 hours, and after they are saturated with water, weigh them (m2) to obtain the water absorption (m3); place the saturated sponge filter media balls in a hollowed-out dish, and weigh the sample (m4) after 30 minutes to obtain the 30-minute water release rate of the sample.

[0038] The performance test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0039] Table 1. Performance test results of products obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 As shown in Table 1, the raw materials for the sponge filter balls prepared in this invention are silicate inorganic materials, which have advantages over organic polymer materials in terms of freeze-thaw resistance and durability. The active sponge system constructed from the sponge filter balls achieved a 30-minute volumetric water absorption rate of 75%, with a core material strength of approximately 16.0 MPa and a 30-minute water release rate of 32%, demonstrating high absorption, storage, and permeation capabilities. Compared to Comparative Example 1, the proportion of steelmaking slag in the core material of the sponge filter balls in Example 1 was 30 parts higher. The 30-minute volumetric water absorption rate of the sponge system prepared in Comparative Example 1 decreased by 42.6%, and the 30-minute mass water release rate decreased by 21.9%, indicating that the proportion of steelmaking slag, limestone, and fluorite tailings in the core material of the sponge filter balls significantly affects the water absorption and release rates of the sponge system. Compared to Comparative Example 2, the high-temperature sintering process of the sponge filter media raw material balls in Example 1 involved raising the temperature from room temperature to 950℃ at a rate of 2.5℃ / min. The strength of the sponge filter media ball shell substrate prepared in Comparative Example 2 decreased from 14.2 MPa to 5.2 MPa, a reduction of 63.4%, indicating that the maximum constant temperature during high-temperature sintering of the sponge filter media raw material balls significantly affects the strength of the sponge filter media ball shell substrate. Compared to Comparative Example 3, the sponge filter media ball shell substrate prepared in Example 1 used 25 parts of coal gangue and 5 parts of bamboo fiber to replace shale in equal amounts. The 30-minute volumetric water absorption rate of the sponge system prepared in Comparative Example 3 decreased by 8.0%, and the 30-minute mass water release rate decreased by 37.5%, indicating that adding appropriate amounts of coal gangue and bamboo fiber is beneficial for improving the 30-minute water absorption rate and 30-minute water release rate of the sponge system without significantly reducing the mechanical strength of the sponge filter media ball shell substrate.

[0040] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the core ideas of this application. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A highly efficient water-absorbing sponge filter ball, characterized in that, The sponge filter media ball is composed of a sponge filter media core material and a sponge filter media ball shell substrate; the particle size of the sponge filter media ball is 25mm~150mm; The raw materials of the sponge filter core material, by weight, include: 50-60 parts of steelmaking slag, 20-35 parts of limestone, 5-10 parts of fluorite tailings, and 3-8 parts of coke. The raw materials of the filter media ball shell substrate, by weight, include: 70-80 parts shale, 20-25 parts coal gangue, and 2-5 parts bamboo fiber.

2. The high-efficiency water-absorbing sponge filter ball according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the sponge filter core material includes the following steps: Steelmaking slag, limestone, fluorite tailings and coke are placed in a furnace and melted at a high temperature of 900℃~950℃ to obtain a high-temperature melt. The high-temperature melt was placed in a centrifuge and rotated at a high speed of 6500 rpm to 7000 rpm, while a binder was added to obtain inorganic mineral fibers. The inorganic mineral fibers are processed into spherical filter elements with a particle size of 10mm to 80mm and then placed in a curing furnace for heating and reaction. After the reaction is completed, the sponge filter core material is obtained.

3. The high-efficiency water-absorbing sponge filter ball according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating reaction temperature is 145℃~160℃; the heating reaction time is 3min~8min.

4. The high-efficiency water-absorbing sponge filter ball according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the filter media ball shell substrate includes the following steps: Shale and coal gangue are crushed, ground, and then mixed with bamboo fiber. A binder and water are added and mixed evenly to obtain the cotton filter ball shell substrate.

5. A method for preparing the highly absorbent sponge filter ball according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The sponge filter core material is uniformly wrapped with the shell substrate of the cotton filter ball, dried, and then calcined at high temperature in a high-temperature furnace to obtain the sponge filter ball; the wrapping thickness of the shell substrate of the cotton filter ball is 5mm-10mm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drying temperature is 105℃, and the drying time is 8 h-12 h.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific procedure for the high-temperature calcination is as follows: The temperature was increased from room temperature to 900℃-950℃ at a heating rate of 2.5℃ / min, held for 40 min-50 min, and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

8. An active sponge city system, characterized in that, The active sponge city system includes a rainwater collection device, a water storage tank, the sponge filter balls as described in claim 1, and a drainage device.

9. The active sponge city system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The rainwater collection device is connected to the water storage tank; the sponge filter balls are placed in the water storage tank; the drainage device is connected to the water storage tank; the drainage device uses a 100mm thick natural graded crushed stone cushion layer.

10. The application of the sponge filter ball according to claim 1 or the active sponge city system according to any one of claims 8-9 in urban construction for the treatment of sewage and rainwater.

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