Stereoscopic cultivation method for small wax gourds and fresh ginger based on vine climbing net

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional cultivation method for small wax gourds and fresh ginger based on a vine climbing net. The three-dimensional cultivation method comprises the following steps of S1, crop rotation and variety selection, S2, soil preparation and fertilization, S3, fresh ginger planting, S4, small wax gourd seedling raising and field planting, S5, frame building and vine climbing net and vine guiding, S6, field management and S7, harvesting. By the adoption of the three-dimensional cultivation method, the vine climbing net is used as a support, a three-dimensional composite ecological system with the upper fruits and the lower ginger is constructed, ventilation and light transmission are good, management is convenient, the land utilization rate, the light energy utilization rate and the unit area output value are effectively increased, the planting level of the white gourds and the fresh ginger is increased, and the economic benefit is increased. And the method has important popularization value for improving the total output value of crops, and unification of economic benefits and ecological benefits is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, specifically to a three-dimensional cultivation method for small winter melons and ginger based on a climbing vine net. Background Technology

[0002] Winter melon is an annual vine or climbing herbaceous plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is rich in vitamin C and high in potassium while being low in sodium. It can help reduce swelling without harming the body's vital energy, making it beneficial for patients with hypertension, kidney disease, and edema. The malonic acid in winter melon effectively inhibits the conversion of carbohydrates into fat. Since winter melon itself contains no fat and is low in calories, it plays an important role in preventing weight gain and can also contribute to a healthy physique. Besides being used as a vegetable, the fruit can be preserved to make various candies; the peel and seeds have medicinal uses, including anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and swelling-reducing effects.

[0003] Ginger is the fresh rhizome of ginger, a perennial herbaceous plant in the ginger family. It is warm in nature, and its unique "gingerol" can stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing hyperemia in the gastrointestinal tract and enhancing digestive capacity. It can effectively treat bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting caused by excessive consumption of cold foods. Due to its excellent medicinal and edible properties, ginger has become an indispensable part of daily life, resulting in a very large demand for ginger in the market.

[0004] Ginger prefers a warm and humid climate and is susceptible to dampness, cold, and direct sunlight. Winter melon, on the other hand, has a wide temperature tolerance and strong heat resistance. It grows well when the relative humidity is 85-95%. Winter melon is an annual vine or trellis herbaceous plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is an excellent vegetable for storage, with low planting costs, high yield, rich nutrients, and good storage and transportation properties. It is also heat-resistant, has white flesh, and is crisp and juicy, making it a good raw material for modern agricultural product processing. Winter melon is increasingly used in the processing of various new foods and health products.

[0005] Since winter melon is a traditional vegetable crop in my country, while ginger is a common condiment and traditional Chinese medicine, various crop rotation or intercropping techniques are used in actual crop cultivation to improve land utilization and farmers' income. Intercropping has always been an effective method for farmers to make rational use of limited land, not only utilizing land efficiently but also increasing the total annual crop yield. Therefore, planting winter melon and ginger together not only allows for efficient land use but also increases the total crop yield. Adopting a multi-layered planting model not only solves the problem of winter melon and ginger competing for land, but also provides a good growing environment for winter melon using trellises and climbing nets. The growing environment created by the climbing nets provides suitable shade for ginger. Through rational planting, this method has significant promotional value for increasing the total crop yield. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology. In order to make rational use of land and increase the total output value of crops, a three-dimensional cultivation method is provided. This three-dimensional cultivation method adopts a compound three-dimensional planting mode based on the growth characteristics of winter melon and ginger, which has important promotional value for increasing the total output value of crops. Specifically, it is a three-dimensional cultivation method for small winter melon and ginger based on climbing nets.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a three-dimensional cultivation method for winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net, the three-dimensional cultivation method comprising the following steps: S1. Crop rotation and variety selection: Select early or mid-maturing, low-temperature and low-light tolerant, short internodes and strong lateral vine fruiting ability small winter melon varieties; at the same time, select high-yielding, disease-resistant ginger varieties with high market demand or local characteristics. S2. Land preparation and fertilization: Select a plot of land with deep, loose, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage as the planting site. After deep plowing, make ridges according to the predetermined row spacing and apply sufficient base fertilizer to the bottom of the ridges. S3. Ginger planting: Ginger should be sown when the local soil temperature is stable above 15℃; S4. Seedling raising and transplanting of small winter melon: 25 to 35 days after ginger sowing, when the ginger seedlings have emerged from the soil at a rate of 50 to 70%, transplant the pre-cultivated small winter melon seedlings. S5. Trellising and Climbing Netting and Vine Training: Before the small winter melon seedlings begin to spread their vines, promptly erect an arched trellis. The arches should be made of stainless steel, with a distance of 160-200cm between adjacent arches. The climbing netting is preferably made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped holes. One arch should cover a narrow row-wide row-narrow row, leaving a row of ginger between the arches. The wide row in the middle facilitates agricultural operations and harvesting of the small winter melons. S6. Field Management: Water management: Follow the principle of small amounts and frequent watering, and water when the soil is dry. Ginger likes moisture but is susceptible to waterlogging, while small winter melons require a lot of water. Ensure sufficient water during the middle stage of growth. Fertilization management: Topdressing should be applied during the vine extension, initial fruiting, and fruit enlargement stages of the small winter melon. Topdressing can be done by trenching or hole application, taking care to avoid damaging the shallow ginger root system. Pest and disease control: Adhere to the principle of prevention first and integrated management, and adopt methods such as agricultural control, physical control and biological pesticides to ensure the safety of agricultural products; The climbing net structure facilitates pruning, thinning, and fruit-bearing operations; good ventilation and light penetration reduce the incidence of downy mildew and powdery mildew. S7. Harvesting: S71. Harvesting of small winter melons: Harvest the tender melons in batches according to market demand. After the first batch is harvested, apply compound fertilizer in time to ensure subsequent results. S72. Ginger Harvesting: After the small winter melons are harvested and the field is cleared, the ginger continues to grow in the field until the first frost in late autumn. Young or old ginger is harvested according to market demand.

[0008] Furthermore, in the three-dimensional cultivation method for small winter melon and ginger based on climbing nets described in this invention, during the land preparation and fertilization process in step S2, after the previous crop is harvested, the soil is plowed. After being weathered by winter rain and snow, the soil structure can be improved. To increase soil fertility, after deep plowing, the planting area is divided into planting areas of 25 to 45 square meters, with an interval of 1.0 to 1.5 meters between two adjacent planting areas. Then, ridges are made with a ridge width of 180 to 200 cm and a ridge height of 40 to 60 cm, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the ridges.

[0009] Furthermore, the method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on climbing nets as described in this invention is adopted. The base fertilizer includes well-rotted high-quality organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer. 55,000 to 65,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 800 to 1,500 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu. The ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer in which NPK accounts for 15% each.

[0010] Furthermore, in the three-dimensional cultivation method of small winter melon and ginger based on climbing nets described in this invention, during the ginger planting process in step S3, healthy ginger pieces that are large, plump, with bright skin, fresh flesh, and free from drying, rot, freezing, and pests are selected as seed ginger. The selected seed ginger is then divided into pieces, ensuring that each piece has a tender bud. Sprouting is then carried out in an environment with a temperature of 23-26℃. When the buds swell to 0.5cm, they can be sown and transplanted. During transplanting, the ginger seeds are sown in rows or holes at the bottom of the ridge or in the furrow, and then covered with a layer of fine soil and straw to prevent excessive water evaporation. The wide row spacing for ginger cultivation is 80-100cm, the narrow row spacing is 40-50cm, and the plant spacing is 20-25cm, with a planting cycle of four narrow rows and one wide row.

[0011] Furthermore, using the three-dimensional cultivation method for small winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net as described in this invention, in the process of seedling raising and transplanting of small winter melon in step S4, select winter melon varieties with good cold resistance, strong disease resistance, and high yield. Select winter melon seeds that are plump, free from disease and pests, and without damage. First, stir them in hot water at 50℃ for 10 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 30℃ for one day. After that, take them out and dry them. After drying, place them in an artificial climate chamber to germinate. Control the temperature in the artificial climate chamber between 25 and 30℃. Germination takes 2 to 4 days. During germination, wash them once in the morning and once in the evening to avoid the production of mucus. When the winter melon grows 2 to 3 true leaves and the average daily temperature reaches 16℃, it can be transplanted.

[0012] Furthermore, in the three-dimensional cultivation method of small winter melon and ginger based on climbing net described in this invention, when transplanting, the small winter melon seedlings are planted in the pre-drilled planting holes on both sides of the arch frame, with one small winter melon seedling in each planting hole, and the plant spacing between two adjacent planting holes is 55-65cm. When transplanting, since the ginger grows before the small winter melon and occupies the lower space, while the ginger seedlings have already started to grow when the small winter melon is planted, but have not yet closed the canopy, they will not cause shade to the small winter melon seedlings.

[0013] Furthermore, in the three-dimensional cultivation method for small winter melons and ginger based on a climbing net as described in this invention, during the S5 trellis erection and vine training process, the arch frame is 2.3–2.5 m high and 2.0–2.2 m above the ground; the climbing net is made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped holes and a mesh size of 15 cm × 17 cm. The two ends of the climbing net are fixed to the two ends of the arch frame, covering the top of the arch frame, and the small melon vines are guided onto the climbing net to climb and grow upwards to form a canopy; the climbing net allows the small winter melons to hang down naturally when they grow to 5–10 cm in length.

[0014] Furthermore, in the three-dimensional cultivation method of small winter melon and ginger based on climbing nets described in this invention, the specific measures for topdressing during the field management process in S6, during the vine extension stage, the initial fruiting stage, and the fruit enlargement stage of the small winter melon, are as follows: During the vine extension stage, when the small winter melon seedlings grow to a height of 50-60cm, apply a compound fertilizer of NPK at a rate of 20-40g per planting hole per application; during the initial fruiting stage, after the first fruit has set, apply urea and potassium sulfate fertilizer, with urea at a rate of 15-25g per planting hole per application and potassium sulfate at a rate of 5-15g per planting hole per application; during the fruit enlargement stage, apply a compound fertilizer of NPK at a rate of 30-50g per planting hole per application; wherein the compound fertilizer of NPK is a compound fertilizer with NPK each accounting for 15%.

[0015] Furthermore, in the three-dimensional cultivation method of small winter melon and ginger based on climbing nets described in this invention, the physical control in the field management process of S6 refers to the use of a combination of sticky insect boards and insecticidal lamps for control.

[0016] Furthermore, in the three-dimensional cultivation method of small winter melon and ginger based on climbing net described in this invention, during the harvesting process in S7, after the first batch of small winter melons is harvested, compound fertilizer is promptly added. The compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 25-35g / time per planting hole. The ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer in which NPK accounts for 15% each.

[0017] The three-dimensional cultivation method for small winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net, as described in this invention, has the following advantages compared to existing technologies: The three-dimensional cultivation model not only solves the problem of competition for land between winter melon and ginger but also increases the total yield of the crops. Utilizing the winter melon vines as a natural shade net provides suitable shading conditions for the ginger. During the planting process, selecting suitable varieties, preparing the land, ridging, and applying sufficient base fertilizer provide the necessary nutrients for the growth of both winter melon and ginger. The method involves planting ginger first, and then transplanting the cultivated small winter melon seedlings when the ginger seedlings have emerged at a rate of 50-70%. Since the ginger grows before the small winter melon, it occupies the lower layer of space, while the ginger seedlings have already begun to grow but have not yet closed the canopy when the small winter melon is transplanted, thus avoiding shading the small winter melon seedlings. This method yields better results than planting winter melon and ginger alone, greatly enriching the variety of crops.

[0018] Therefore, it can be seen that by using the three-dimensional cultivation method described in this invention, and using climbing nets as support, a three-dimensional composite ecosystem of "melon on top and ginger on the bottom" is constructed. This not only provides good ventilation and light penetration, but also facilitates management, effectively improving land utilization, light energy utilization, and output value per unit area. It also improves the planting level of winter melon and ginger, and has important promotional value for increasing the total output value of crops, thus achieving a unity of economic and ecological benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 The actual specimens grown using the cultivation method described in Example 2 Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The actual specimens grown using the cultivation method described in Example 2 Figure 2 ; Figure 3 The actual specimens grown using the cultivation method described in Example 2 Figure 3 ; Figure 4 The actual specimens grown using the cultivation method described in Example 2 Figure 4 . Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0022] It should be noted that the term "comprising" or any other variation is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Example 1

[0023] This embodiment provides a three-dimensional cultivation method for winter melon and ginger based on a climbing vine net. The three-dimensional cultivation method includes the following steps: S1. Crop rotation and variety selection: Select early or mid-maturing, low-temperature and low-light tolerant, short internodes and strong lateral vine fruiting ability small winter melon varieties; at the same time, select high-yielding, disease-resistant ginger varieties with high market demand or local characteristics. S2. Land preparation and fertilization: Select plots of land with deep, loose, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage as planting sites. After the previous crop is harvested, the land should be plowed. Winter rain and snow weathering can improve the soil structure. To increase soil fertility, after deep plowing, divide the land into planting areas of 25 square meters each, with a 1.0m interval between two adjacent planting areas. Then, make ridges with a ridge width of 200cm and a ridge height of 40cm, and apply sufficient base fertilizer at the bottom of the ridges. The base fertilizer includes well-rotted high-quality organic fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer, with 55,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 1,500 kg of NPK compound fertilizer applied per acre. The NPK compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with NPK each accounting for 15%. S3. Ginger Planting: Select healthy ginger rhizomes that are large, plump, with shiny skin, fresh flesh, no drying out, no rotting, no freezing, firm texture, and no pests or diseases as seed ginger. Then, cut the selected seed ginger into pieces, ensuring that each piece has a tender bud. Sprouting should be carried out in an environment with a temperature of 23-26℃. When the buds have swelled to 0.5cm, and the local soil temperature is stable above 15℃, ginger can be sown and transplanted.

[0024] When transplanting, use row sowing or hole sowing to sow ginger seeds at the bottom of the ridge or in the furrow, and then cover them with a layer of fine soil and straw to prevent water from evaporating too quickly. Ginger cultivation requires a wide row spacing of 80cm, a narrow row spacing of 60cm, and a plant spacing of 25cm, and is planted in a four-row narrow-one-row wide rotation. S4. Small winter melon seedling raising and transplanting: 25-35 days after ginger sowing, when the ginger seedling emergence rate reaches 50%, transplant the pre-cultivated small winter melon seedlings; select winter melon varieties with good cold resistance, strong disease resistance, and high yield in advance, and select winter melon seeds that are plump, free from disease and pests, and without damage. First, stir them in hot water at 50℃ for 10 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 30℃ for one day, then take them out and dry them. After drying, place them in an artificial climate chamber to germinate; control the temperature in the artificial climate chamber between 25-30℃, and germinate for 2 days. During germination, wash them once in the morning and once in the evening to avoid the production of sticky sap. When the winter melon has grown 2-3 true leaves and the average daily temperature reaches 16℃, it can be transplanted.

[0025] When transplanting, plant the small winter melon seedlings in the pre-drilled planting holes on both sides of the arch frame, one row per ridge, with one small winter melon seedling in each planting hole, and a plant spacing of 60cm between two adjacent planting holes; when transplanting, since ginger grows before small winter melon and occupies the lower space, while when small winter melon is planted, ginger seedlings have already started to grow but have not yet closed the canopy, so they will not shade the small winter melon seedlings; S5. Trellising and Vine Netting: Before the small winter melon seedlings begin to spread their vines, promptly erect an arched trellis. The arches are made of stainless steel, with a distance of 160-180cm between adjacent arches. The vine netting is preferably made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped mesh. Each arch covers a narrow-wide-narrow row, leaving a row of ginger between the arches. The wide row in the middle facilitates agricultural operations and harvesting of the small winter melons. The arches are 2.5m high and 2.2m above the ground. The vine netting is made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped mesh, with a mesh size of 15cm×17cm. The two ends of the vine netting are fixed to the two ends of the arches, covering the top of the arches, and the small melon vines are guided onto the vine netting to climb and grow upwards, forming a canopy. The vine netting allows the small winter melons to hang down naturally when they reach 5-10cm in length. S6. Field Management: Water management: Follow the principle of small amounts and frequent watering, and water when the soil is dry. Ginger likes moisture but is susceptible to waterlogging, while small winter melons require a lot of water. Ensure sufficient water during the middle stage of growth. Fertilization Management: Topdressing should be applied during the vine extension, initial fruiting, and fruit enlargement stages of the small winter melon. Topdressing can be done by trenching or hole application, taking care to avoid damaging the shallow ginger root system. Specific fertilization methods are as follows: During the vine extension stage, when the small winter melon seedlings reach a height of 50cm, apply a compound fertilizer at a rate of 20g per planting hole. During the initial fruiting stage, after the first fruit has set, apply urea and potassium sulfate fertilizer. The urea application rate is 15g per planting hole, and the potassium sulfate application rate is 5g per planting hole. During the fruit enlargement stage, apply a compound fertilizer at a rate of 30g per planting hole. The compound fertilizer should consist of 15% NPK. Pest and disease control: Adhere to the principle of prevention first and integrated control, and adopt methods mainly based on agricultural control, physical control and biological pesticides to ensure the safety of agricultural products; among them, physical control refers to the use of sticky insect traps and insecticidal lamps for control; The climbing net structure facilitates pruning, thinning, and fruit-bearing operations; good ventilation and light penetration reduce the incidence of downy mildew and powdery mildew. S7. Harvesting: S71. Harvesting of small winter melons: Harvest tender melons in batches according to market demand. After the first batch is harvested, apply compound fertilizer in time. The compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 25g / time per planting hole. The ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with NPK each accounting for 15% to ensure subsequent results. S72. Ginger Harvesting: After the small winter melons are harvested and the field is cleared, the ginger continues to grow in the field until the first frost in late autumn. Young or old ginger is harvested according to market demand. Example 2

[0026] A three-dimensional cultivation method for winter melon and ginger based on a climbing vine net, the three-dimensional cultivation method comprising the following steps: S1. Crop rotation and variety selection: Select early or mid-maturing, low-temperature and low-light tolerant, short internodes and strong lateral vine fruiting ability small winter melon varieties; at the same time, select high-yielding, disease-resistant ginger varieties with high market demand or local characteristics. S2. Land preparation and fertilization: Select plots of land with deep, loose, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage as planting sites. After the previous crop is harvested, the land should be plowed. Winter rain and snow weathering can improve the soil structure. To increase soil fertility, after deep plowing, divide the land into planting areas of 35 square meters each, with a 1.2-meter interval between adjacent planting areas. Then, create ridges with a ridge width of 180cm and a ridge height of 50cm, and apply sufficient base fertilizer to the bottom of the ridges. The base fertilizer includes well-rotted high-quality organic fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer, applying 60,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 1,000 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre. The NPK compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with NPK each accounting for 15%. S3. Ginger planting: Select healthy ginger rhizomes that are large, plump, with bright skin, fresh flesh, no drying out, no rotting, no freezing, firm texture, and no pests or diseases as seed ginger. Then, divide the selected seed ginger into pieces, ensuring that each piece has a tender bud. Sprouting is carried out in an environment with a temperature of 23-26℃. When the buds swell to 0.5cm, and the local soil temperature is stable above 15℃, ginger is sown and transplanted. When transplanting, use row sowing or hole sowing to sow ginger seeds at the bottom of the ridge or in the furrow, and then cover them with a layer of fine soil and straw to prevent water from evaporating too quickly. Ginger cultivation requires a wide row spacing of 90cm, a narrow row spacing of 50cm, and a plant spacing of 20cm, and should be planted in a four-row narrow-one-row wide rotation. S4. Small winter melon seedling raising and transplanting: 25-35 days after ginger sowing, when the ginger seedling emergence rate reaches 60%, transplant the pre-cultivated small winter melon seedlings; select winter melon varieties with good cold resistance, strong disease resistance, and high yield in advance, and select winter melon seeds with plump grains, free from diseases and pests, and without damage. First, stir them in hot water at 50℃ for 10 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 30℃ for one day, then take them out and dry them. After drying, put them in an artificial climate chamber for germination; control the temperature in the artificial climate chamber between 25-30℃, and germinate for 3 days. During germination, wash them once in the morning and once in the evening to avoid the production of mucus. When the winter melon has grown 2-3 true leaves and the average daily temperature reaches 16℃, it can be transplanted; When transplanting, plant the small winter melon seedlings in the pre-drilled planting holes on both sides of the arch frame, one row per ridge, with one small winter melon seedling in each planting hole, and a plant spacing of 50cm between two adjacent planting holes; when transplanting, since ginger grows before small winter melon and occupies the lower space, while when small winter melon is planted, ginger seedlings have already started to grow but have not yet closed the canopy, so they will not shade the small winter melon seedlings; S5. Trellising and Vine Netting: Before the small winter melon seedlings begin to spread their vines, promptly erect an arched trellis. The arches should be made of stainless steel, with a distance of 180-200cm between adjacent arches. The vine netting is preferably made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped mesh. Each arch covers a narrow-wide-narrow row, leaving a row of ginger between the arches. The wide row in the middle facilitates agricultural operations and harvesting of the small winter melons. The arches are 2.3m high and 2.0m above the ground. The vine netting is made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped mesh, with a mesh size of 15cm×17cm. The two ends of the vine netting are fixed to the two ends of the arches, covering the top of the arches, and the small melon vines are guided onto the vine netting to climb and grow upwards, forming a canopy. The vine netting allows the small winter melons to hang down naturally when they reach 5-10cm in length. S6. Field Management: Water Management: Follow the principle of small, frequent applications, watering only when the soil is dry. Ginger prefers moist conditions but is susceptible to waterlogging, while small winter melons require a large amount of water, so ensure sufficient water during the mid-growth stage. Specific fertilization methods are as follows: During the vine-spreading stage, when the small winter melon seedlings reach a height of 55cm, apply a compound fertilizer at a rate of 30g per planting hole. During the initial fruiting stage, after the first fruit has set, apply urea and potassium sulfate fertilizer. The urea application rate is 20g per planting hole, and the potassium sulfate application rate is 10g per planting hole. During the fruit enlargement stage, apply a compound fertilizer at a rate of 40g per planting hole. The compound fertilizer should consist of 15% NPK. Fertilization management: Topdressing should be applied during the vine extension, initial fruiting, and fruit enlargement stages of the small winter melon. Topdressing can be done by trenching or hole application, taking care to avoid damaging the shallow ginger root system. Pest and disease control: Adhere to the principle of prevention first and integrated control, and adopt methods mainly based on agricultural control, physical control and biological pesticides to ensure the safety of agricultural products; among them, physical control refers to the use of sticky insect traps and insecticidal lamps for control; The climbing net structure facilitates pruning, thinning, and fruit-bearing operations; good ventilation and light penetration reduce the incidence of downy mildew and powdery mildew. S7. Harvesting: S71. Harvesting of small winter melons: Harvest tender melons in batches according to market demand. After the first batch is harvested, apply compound fertilizer in time. The compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 30g / time per planting hole. The ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with NPK each accounting for 15% to ensure subsequent results. S72. Ginger Harvesting: After the small winter melons are harvested and the field is cleared, the ginger continues to grow in the field until the first frost in late autumn. Young or old ginger is harvested according to market demand. Example 3

[0027] A three-dimensional cultivation method for winter melon and ginger based on a climbing vine net, the three-dimensional cultivation method comprising the following steps: S1. Crop rotation and variety selection: Select early or mid-maturing, low-temperature and low-light tolerant, short internodes and strong lateral vine fruiting ability small winter melon varieties; at the same time, select high-yielding, disease-resistant ginger varieties with high market demand or local characteristics. S2. Land preparation and fertilization: Select plots of land with deep, loose, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage as planting sites. After the previous crop is harvested, the land should be plowed. Winter rain and snow weathering can improve the soil structure. To increase soil fertility, after deep plowing, divide the land into planting areas of 45 square meters each, with a 1.5m interval between two adjacent planting areas. Then, make ridges with a ridge width of 180cm and a ridge height of 60cm, and apply sufficient base fertilizer at the bottom of the ridges. The base fertilizer includes well-rotted high-quality organic fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer. Apply 65,000 kg of organic fertilizer and 800 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per acre. The NPK compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with NPK each accounting for 15%. S3. Ginger planting: Select healthy ginger rhizomes that are large, plump, with bright skin, fresh flesh, no drying out, no rotting, no freezing, firm texture, and no pests or diseases as seed ginger. Then, divide the selected seed ginger into pieces, ensuring that each piece has a tender bud. Sprouting is carried out in an environment with a temperature of 23-26℃. When the buds swell to 0.5cm, and the local soil temperature is stable above 15℃, ginger is sown and transplanted. When transplanting, use row sowing or hole sowing to sow ginger seeds at the bottom of the ridge or in the furrow, and then cover them with a layer of fine soil and straw to prevent water from evaporating too quickly. Ginger cultivation should have a wide row spacing of 100cm, a narrow row spacing of 40cm, and a plant spacing of 25cm, and be planted in a four-row narrow-one-row wide rotation. S4. Small winter melon seedling raising and transplanting: 25-35 days after ginger sowing, when the ginger seedling emergence rate reaches 70%, transplant the pre-cultivated small winter melon seedlings; select winter melon varieties with good cold resistance, strong disease resistance, and high yield in advance, and select winter melon seeds with plump grains, free from diseases and pests, and without damage. First, stir them in hot water at 50℃ for 10 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 30℃ for one day, then take them out and dry them. After drying, put them in an artificial climate chamber for germination; control the temperature in the artificial climate chamber between 25-30℃, and germinate for 4 days. During germination, wash them once in the morning and once in the evening to avoid the production of mucus. When the winter melon has grown 2-3 true leaves and the average daily temperature reaches 16℃, it can be transplanted; When transplanting, plant the small winter melon seedlings in the pre-drilled planting holes on both sides of the arch frame, one row per ridge, with one small winter melon seedling in each planting hole, and a plant spacing of 45cm between two adjacent planting holes; when transplanting, since ginger grows before small winter melon and occupies the lower space, while when small winter melon is planted, ginger seedlings have already started to grow but have not yet closed the canopy, so they will not shade the small winter melon seedlings; S5. Trellising and Vine Netting: Before the small winter melon seedlings begin to spread their vines, promptly erect an arched trellis. The arches should be made of stainless steel, with a distance of 180-200cm between adjacent arches. The vine netting is preferably made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped mesh. Each arch covers a narrow-wide-narrow row, leaving a row of ginger between the arches. The wide row in the middle facilitates agricultural operations and harvesting of the small winter melons. The arches are 2.3m high and 2.0m above the ground. The vine netting is made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped mesh, with a mesh size of 15cm×17cm. The two ends of the vine netting are fixed to the two ends of the arches, covering the top of the arches, and the small melon vines are guided onto the vine netting to climb and grow upwards, forming a canopy. The vine netting allows the small winter melons to hang down naturally when they reach 5-10cm in length. S6. Field Management: Water management: Follow the principle of small amounts and frequent watering, and water when the soil is dry. Ginger likes moisture but is susceptible to waterlogging, while small winter melons require a lot of water. Ensure sufficient water during the middle stage of growth. Fertilization Management: Topdressing should be applied during the vine extension, initial fruiting, and fruit enlargement stages of the small winter melon. Topdressing can be done by trenching or hole application, taking care to avoid damaging the shallow ginger root system. Specific fertilization methods are as follows: During the vine extension stage, when the small winter melon seedlings reach a height of 60cm, apply a compound fertilizer at a rate of 40g per planting hole. During the initial fruiting stage, the first topdressing should be applied after the first fruit has set, using urea and potassium sulfate fertilizer. The application rate of urea is 25g per planting hole, and the application rate of potassium sulfate is 15g per planting hole. During the fruit enlargement stage, apply a compound fertilizer at a rate of 50g per planting hole. The compound fertilizer should consist of 15% NPK (NPK) per 15% of the total fertilizer. Pest and disease control: Adhere to the principle of prevention first and integrated control, and adopt methods mainly based on agricultural control, physical control and biological pesticides to ensure the safety of agricultural products; among them, physical control refers to the use of sticky insect traps and insecticidal lamps for control; The climbing net structure facilitates pruning, thinning, and fruit-bearing operations; good ventilation and light penetration reduce the incidence of downy mildew and powdery mildew. S7. Harvesting: S71. Harvesting of small winter melons: Harvest tender melons in batches according to market demand. After the first batch is harvested, apply compound fertilizer in time. The compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 35g / time per planting hole. The ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with NPK each accounting for 15% to ensure subsequent results. S72. Ginger Harvesting: After the small winter melons are harvested and the field is cleared, the ginger continues to grow in the field until the first frost in late autumn. Young or old ginger is harvested according to market demand.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4 The image shows the planting situation in a planting area in Zunyi, Guizhou Province, using the three-dimensional cultivation method described in Example 2. When using the three-dimensional cultivation method of the present invention, the crop management of winter melon and ginger can be carried out in accordance with existing conventional methods. Water pipes can be installed in the planting area to facilitate automatic irrigation. Adopting a three-dimensional planting model not only solves the problem of winter melon and ginger competing for land, but also increases the total output value of the crops. Utilizing the long vines of winter melon, arched trellises and climbing nets are used to guide the vines, providing suitable shade for the ginger. During planting, arched trellises and climbing nets are built in separate planting areas, with one row of winter melons planted in each ridge. Since ginger grows before the smaller winter melons and occupies the lower space, and the ginger seedlings have already begun to grow but have not yet closed the canopy when the smaller winter melons are planted, they will not shade the smaller winter melon seedlings. This ensures sufficient sunlight for the winter melons while providing suitable shade for the ginger. Compared to planting both winter melon and ginger alone, the yield is better, greatly enriching the variety of crops and significantly improving land utilization. It also avoids crop diseases and pests, effectively increasing yield and thus improving the economic benefits per acre.

[0029] In summary, the three-dimensional cultivation method described in this invention, using climbing nets as support, constructs a three-dimensional composite ecosystem of "melon on top and ginger below," which not only provides good ventilation and light penetration but also facilitates management. It effectively improves land utilization, light energy utilization, and output per unit area, enhances the cultivation level of winter melon and ginger, and has significant promotional value for increasing the total crop output, thus achieving a balance between economic and ecological benefits.

[0030] Other aspects of this invention that are not detailed herein are all conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0031] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the specific embodiments. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this invention and does not limit this invention. Any minor modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made based on the technical solutions of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of the technical solutions of this invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional cultivation method for winter melon and ginger based on a climbing vine net, characterized in that, The vertical cultivation method includes the following steps: S1. Crop rotation and variety selection: Select early or mid-maturing, low-temperature and low-light tolerant, short internodes and strong lateral vine fruiting ability small winter melon varieties; at the same time, select high-yielding, disease-resistant ginger varieties with high market demand or local characteristics. S2. Land preparation and fertilization: Select a plot of land with deep, loose, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage as the planting site. After deep plowing, make ridges according to the predetermined row spacing and apply sufficient base fertilizer to the bottom of the ridges. S3. Ginger planting: Ginger should be sown when the local soil temperature is stable above 15℃; S4. Seedling raising and transplanting of small winter melon: 25 to 35 days after ginger sowing, when the ginger seedlings have emerged from the soil at a rate of 50 to 70%, transplant the pre-cultivated small winter melon seedlings. S5. Trellising and Climbing Netting and Vine Training: Before the small winter melon seedlings begin to spread their vines, promptly erect an arched trellis. The arches should be made of stainless steel, with a distance of 160-200cm between adjacent arches. The climbing netting is preferably made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped holes. One arch should cover a narrow row-wide row-narrow row, leaving a row of ginger between the arches. The wide row in the middle facilitates agricultural operations and harvesting of the small winter melons. S6. Field Management: Water management: Follow the principle of small amounts and frequent watering, and water when the soil is dry. Ginger likes moisture but is susceptible to waterlogging, while small winter melons require a lot of water. Ensure sufficient water during the middle stage of growth. Fertilization management: Topdressing should be applied during the vine extension, initial fruiting, and fruit enlargement stages of the small winter melon. Topdressing can be done by trenching or hole application, taking care to avoid damaging the shallow ginger root system. Pest and disease control: Adhere to the principle of prevention first and integrated management, and adopt methods such as agricultural control, physical control and biological pesticides to ensure the safety of agricultural products; The climbing net structure facilitates pruning, thinning, and fruit-bearing operations; good ventilation and light penetration reduce the incidence of downy mildew and powdery mildew. S7. Harvesting: S71. Harvesting of small winter melons: Harvest the tender melons in batches according to market demand. After the first batch is harvested, apply compound fertilizer in time to ensure subsequent results. S72. Ginger Harvesting: After the small winter melons are harvested and the field is cleared, the ginger continues to grow in the field until the first frost in late autumn. Young or old ginger is harvested according to market demand.

2. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S2, land preparation and fertilization, the soil is plowed after the current crop is harvested. After being weathered by rain and snow in winter, the soil structure can be improved. To increase soil fertility, the soil is deeply plowed and then divided into planting areas of 25 to 45 square meters each, with an interval of 1.0 to 1.5 meters between two adjacent planting areas. Then, ridges are made with a ridge width of 180 to 200 cm and a ridge height of 40 to 60 cm, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the ridges.

3. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that: The base fertilizer includes well-rotted high-quality organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is applied at a rate of 55,000-65,000 kg per mu, and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied at a rate of 800-1,500 kg per mu. The ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer in which NPK accounts for 15% each.

4. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S3, during ginger planting, select healthy ginger rhizomes that are large, plump, with glossy skin, fresh flesh, and free from drying out, rotting, freezing, and pests or diseases. Then, divide the selected rhizomes into pieces, ensuring each piece has a bud. Sprouting is then carried out in an environment of 23–26℃. When the buds swell to 0.5cm, they can be sown and transplanted. For transplanting, use row sowing or hill sowing methods to sow the ginger seeds at the bottom of the ridge or in the furrow. Cover with a layer of fine soil and straw to prevent excessive water evaporation. For ginger cultivation, the wide row spacing is 80–100cm, the narrow row spacing is 40–50cm, and the plant spacing is 20–25cm.

5. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: In step S4, during the seedling and transplanting of small winter melons, select winter melon varieties with good cold resistance, strong disease resistance, and high yield. Choose winter melon seeds that are plump, free from disease and pests, and undamaged. First, stir them in hot water at 50℃ for 10 minutes, then soak them in warm water at 30℃ for one day. After that, take them out and let them dry. Once dry, place them in an artificial climate chamber to germinate. Control the temperature in the artificial climate chamber between 25 and 30℃. Germination takes 2 to 4 days. During germination, wash them once in the morning and once in the evening to avoid the production of sticky sap. When the winter melon has grown 2 to 3 true leaves and the average daily temperature reaches 16℃, it can be transplanted.

6. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that: When transplanting, plant the small winter melon seedlings in the pre-drilled planting holes on both sides of the arch frame. There should be one small winter melon seedling in each planting hole, and the plant spacing between two adjacent planting holes should be 55-65cm. When transplanting, since ginger grows before small winter melon and occupies the lower space, and when small winter melon is planted, ginger seedlings have already started to grow but have not yet closed the canopy, so they will not shade the small winter melon seedlings.

7. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the S5 trellis construction and vine training process, the arch frame is 2.3–2.5 m high and 2.0–2.2 m above the ground. The vine net is made of polyethylene or polypropylene with diamond-shaped mesh openings of 15 cm × 17 cm. The two ends of the vine net are fixed to the two ends of the arch frame, covering the top of the arch frame, and the small vines are guided onto the vine net to climb and grow upwards to form a canopy. The vine net allows the small winter melons to hang down naturally when they grow to 5–10 cm in length.

8. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S6 field management process, the specific measures for topdressing during the vine extension stage, initial fruiting stage, and fruit enlargement stage of the small winter melon are as follows: During the vine extension stage, when the small winter melon seedlings grow to a height of 50-60cm, apply a compound fertilizer at a rate of 20-40g per planting hole per application; during the initial fruiting stage, after the first fruit has set, apply urea and potassium sulfate fertilizer, with urea at a rate of 15-25g per planting hole per application and potassium sulfate at a rate of 5-15g per planting hole per application; during the fruit enlargement stage, apply a compound fertilizer at a rate of 30-50g per planting hole per application; wherein the compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with NPK each accounting for 15%.

9. A method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the S6 field management process, physical control refers to the use of sticky insect boards and insecticidal lamps for control.

10. A method for three-dimensional cultivation of winter melon and ginger based on a climbing net, as described in claim 1, characterized in that: During the S7 harvesting process, after the first batch of small winter melons is harvested, compound fertilizer should be applied in a timely manner. The compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 25-35g per planting hole per application. The ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with NPK each accounting for 15%.

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