Transmission power for in-band ca

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a UE. The UE comprises: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions and operatively electrically connectable to the at least one processor. Operations performed based on execution of the command by the at least one processor may include: transmitting capability information to a base station; and transmitting the uplink signal based on the transmission power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This instruction manual relates to radio communications. Background Technology

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for achieving high-speed packet communication. Many proposals have been put forward for LTE goals, including those aimed at reducing user and vendor costs, improving service quality, and expanding and increasing coverage and system capacity. 3GPP LTE requires lower cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple architecture, open interfaces, and sufficient power consumption in terminals as upper-layer requirements.

[0003] Requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems have begun to be developed within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP. 3GPP must identify and develop technical components that will be successfully standardized under the new RAT to meet both pressing market demands and the longer-term requirements outlined in the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR should be able to utilize any spectrum band, at least up to 100 GHz, that can be used for wireless communication even in the more distant future.

[0004] The goal of NR is to address all use cases, requirements, and deployment scenarios with a single technology framework, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). NR should be inherently backward compatible.

[0005] The NR (Radio Normalization) standard introduced communication based on unlicensed frequency bands. However, no radio frequency (RF) requirements were defined for UEs supporting 23dBm output power and in-band carrier aggregation (CA). Therefore, UEs cannot perform operations related to in-band CA for unlicensed frequency bands. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical solution

[0007] In one aspect, a UE is provided. The UE includes: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions and being operatively electrically connectable to the at least one processor. Operations performed based on commands executed by the at least one processor may include: transmitting capability information to a base station; and transmitting uplink signals based on transmission power.

[0008] On the other hand, a method executed by the UE is provided.

[0009] In one aspect, a base station is provided. The base station includes: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions and being operatively electrically connectable to the at least one processor. Operations performed based on commands executed by the at least one processor may include: receiving capability information from a UE; and receiving uplink signals transmitted based on transmission power from the UE.

[0010] On the other hand, a method for base station execution is provided. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 An example of a communication system that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0012] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0013] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication architecture that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0015] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0016] Figures 6a to 6e An example of a RACH process applicable to embodiments of this disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figure 7 An example of transmission power for an uplink shared channel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0018] Figure 8 An example of transmission power for the uplink control channel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0019] Figure 9 Examples of operation according to embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0020] Figure 10 Examples of operation according to embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following technologies, devices, and systems can be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Multi-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of the Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL.

[0022] For ease of description, the implementation of this disclosure is primarily described with respect to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems. However, the technical features of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is based on mobile communication systems corresponding to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems, the aspects of this disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0023] For any terms and techniques used in this disclosure that are not specifically described in this disclosure, please refer to wireless communication standards documents published prior to this disclosure.

[0024] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0025] In this disclosure, a forward slash ( / ) or a comma (,) can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0026] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" can mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as the same as "at least one of A and B".

[0027] Additionally, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B, and C." Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0028] Furthermore, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when it is shown as "Control Information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" can be cited as an example of "Control Information". In other words, "Control Information" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" can be cited as an example of "Control Information". In addition, even when shown as "Control Information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" can be cited as an example of "Control Information".

[0029] The technical features described individually in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure can be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0030] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0031] In the following description, this disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise stated, the same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or description may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks and / or functional blocks.

[0032] Although the user equipment (UE) is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, the UE shown may be referred to as a terminal, mobile device (ME), etc. Furthermore, the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop, mobile phone, PDA, smartphone, and multimedia device, or a non-portable device such as a PC or in-vehicle device.

[0033] In the following text, UE is used as an example of a wireless communication device (or wireless apparatus or wireless device) capable of wireless communication. Operations performed by the UE can be performed by the wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless apparatus, wireless device, etc. In the following text, AMF may refer to an AMF node, SMF may refer to an SMF node, and UPF may refer to a UPF node.

[0034] The base station referred to below is usually a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and may also be called evolved NodeB (eNodeB), evolved NodeB (eNB), basic transceiver system (BTS), access point, and next-generation NodeB (gNB).

[0035] Figure 1 An example of a communication system that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 1 The 5G use cases shown are merely illustrative, and the technical features of this disclosure can be applied to... Figure 1 Other 5G use cases not shown.

[0037] The three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), (2) Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), and (3) Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC).

[0038] Some use cases may require multiple categories for optimization, while others may focus solely on key performance indicators (KPIs). 5G uses a flexible and reliable approach to support these diverse use cases.

[0039] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile internet access, encompassing a vast array of two-way operations in the cloud and augmented reality, as well as media and entertainment applications. Data is one of the core drivers of 5G, and for the first time in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be available. In 5G, the expectation is to use the data connection provided by the communication system to simply process voice as an application. The primary reason for the increase in traffic is the increase in content size and the number of applications requiring high data transmission rates. As more devices connect to the internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile internet access will be more widely used. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing in mobile communication platforms and can be applied to both operations and entertainment. Cloud storage is a specific use case for accelerating the growth of uplink data transmission rates. 5G is also used for remote cloud operations. When using haptic interfaces, 5G requires lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience. Entertainment (e.g., cloud gaming and video streaming) is another core element increasing the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets in any highly mobile environment, including trains, vehicles, and airplanes. Other use cases include augmented reality for entertainment and information retrieval. In this case, augmented reality requires very low latency and extremely low instantaneous data volumes.

[0040] Additionally, one of the most anticipated 5G use cases involves the ability to smoothly connect embedded sensors across all sectors (i.e., mMTC). The number of potential Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expected to reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one of the categories playing a leading role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

[0041] URLLC encompasses new services that will transform industries through remote control of key infrastructure and ultra-reliable / available low-latency links (e.g., autonomous vehicles). For controlling smart grids, automating industry, enabling robotics, and controlling and regulating drones, levels of reliability and latency are critical.

[0042] 5G is the means to provide streaming services rated at hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second, and can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such high speeds are needed to deliver 4K or higher (6K, 8K, and higher) resolution TV, as well as virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include near-immersive sports events. Specific applications may require special network configurations. For example, for VR games, game companies need to integrate their core servers into the network operator's edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0043] Along with numerous use cases for mobile communications in vehicles, automobiles are expected to become a significant new driving force in 5G. For example, passenger entertainment requires high concurrent capacity and highly mobile broadband. This is because future users will continue to expect high-quality connectivity regardless of location and speed. Another use case in the automotive sector is AR dashboards. AR dashboards allow drivers to identify objects in the dark in addition to those seen through the windshield, displaying distances and movement of objects through overlapping information. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., pedestrian-attached devices). Safety systems will guide alternative driving processes to allow drivers to drive more safely, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. The next stage will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles. This requires very high reliability and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will only focus on abnormal traffic that the vehicle cannot identify. The technical requirements for autonomous vehicles necessitate ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to increase traffic safety to levels unattainable by humans.

[0044] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, termed smart societies, will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks of smart sensors will identify conditions for cost-effective and energy-efficient maintenance in cities or homes. Similar configurations can be implemented for individual homes. Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances will all be wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically have low data transmission rates, low power consumption, and low cost. However, certain types of devices may require real-time HD video for monitoring.

[0045] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, are distributed at a higher level, necessitating automated control through distributed sensor networks. Smart grids collect information and use digital information and communication technologies to connect sensors to each other to act based on the collected information. Because this information can include the behavior of power companies and consumers, smart grids can improve fuel distribution, such as electricity, through methods that are efficient, reliable, economically feasible, production sustainable, and automated. Smart grids can also be viewed as another sensor network with low latency.

[0046] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-health) are one of the use cases for 5G. The health sector encompasses numerous applications that can benefit from mobile communications. Communication systems can support telemedicine, enabling the delivery of clinical care in remote locations. Telemedicine can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to healthcare services that are not readily available in remote rural areas. Telemedicine is also used to administer critical treatments and save lives in emergencies. Mobile communication-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensing of parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0047] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. The installation and maintenance costs of cabling are high. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links presents an attractive opportunity in many industrial sectors. However, to achieve this replacement, wireless connections need to be established with similar latency, reliability, and capacity as cables, and the management of wireless connections needs to be simplified. When connecting to 5G, low latency and a very low error probability become new requirements.

[0048] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, allowing inventory and packages to be tracked anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight use cases typically require low data rates, but demand location information with wide coverage and reliability.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 The communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, a base station (BS) 200, and a network 300. Although Figure 1An example of a 5G network as a network of communication system 1 is shown, but the implementation of this disclosure is not limited to 5G systems and can be applied to future communication systems other than 5G systems.

[0050] BS200 and Network 300 can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0051] Wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that perform communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or LTE) and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. Wireless devices may include (but are not limited to) robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, IoT devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing communication between vehicles. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices and may take the form of head-up displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliance devices, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices may include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0052] In this disclosure, wireless devices 100a to 100f may be referred to as user equipment (UE). UE may include, for example, cellular phones, smartphones, laptop computers, digital broadcasting terminals, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation systems, tablet PCs, tablet PCs, ultrabooks, vehicles, vehicles with autonomous driving capabilities, connected cars, UAVs, AI modules, robots, AR devices, VR devices, MR devices, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, IoT devices, medical devices, FinTech devices (or financial devices), security devices, weather / environment devices, devices related to 5G services, or devices related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

[0053] UAVs can be, for example, aircraft that are airborne by wireless control signals without anyone on board.

[0054] VR devices may include, for example, means for realizing objects or backgrounds in a virtual world. AR devices may include, for example, means for connecting objects or backgrounds in a virtual world to objects or backgrounds in the real world. MR devices may include, for example, means for merging objects or backgrounds in a virtual world into objects or backgrounds in the real world. Holographic devices may include, for example, means for recording and reproducing stereoscopic information using the interference phenomenon of light generated when two lasers, known as holography, meet.

[0055] Public safety devices may include, for example, image relay devices or image devices that can be worn on a user's body.

[0056] MTC devices and IoT devices can be, for example, devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, MTC devices and IoT devices can include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0057] For example, a medical device can be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, treating, or preventing disease. For example, a medical device can be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting injury or impairment. For example, a medical device can be a device for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device can be a device for regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device can include a device for treatment, a device for surgery, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device for surgical procedures.

[0058] For example, a safety device can be an installation to prevent potential hazards and maintain safety. For example, a safety device can be a camera, closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0059] For example, a FinTech device can be a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payments. For instance, a FinTech device can include a payment device or a point-of-sale (POS) system.

[0060] Weather / environment devices may include, for example, devices for monitoring or predicting weather / environment.

[0061] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using 3G, 4G (e.g., LTE), 5G (e.g., NR), and super 5G networks. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can also perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through BS200 / network 300. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0062] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200 and / or between BS200. In this document, wireless communication / connections can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication) 150b, and inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)). Wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200 / wireless devices 100a to 100f can send / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can send / receive signals via various physical channels. Therefore, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0063] AI refers to the field of studying artificial intelligence or the methods that can create it, and machine learning refers to the field that defines the various problems to be solved within the AI ​​field and the field of methods. Machine learning is also defined as algorithms that improve the performance of a task through a stable experience of that task.

[0064] A robot is a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task through its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot with the ability to recognize its environment and make its own decisions to perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. Depending on its purpose or field of use, robots can be classified as industrial, medical, domestic, military, etc. Robots can utilize actuators or motors to perform various physical operations such as moving their joints. Mobile robots also include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., on their actuators, allowing them to move on the ground or fly in the air.

[0065] Autonomous driving refers to the technology of driving itself, and autonomous vehicles refer to vehicles that drive with little or no user control. For example, autonomous driving can include lane keeping, automatic speed adjustment (e.g., adaptive cruise control), automatic driving along a set route, and automatic route planning when a destination is set. Vehicles include vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped with electric motors, and can include trains, motorcycles, and automobiles. Autonomous vehicles can be considered as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0066] Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects and backgrounds solely through computer graphics (CG) images. AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of real-world object images. MR technology is a CG technique that combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that they display real and virtual objects together. However, the difference lies in that in AR technology, virtual objects serve as a complementary form to real objects, while in MR technology, virtual and real objects serve as identical features.

[0067] NR supports multiple parameter sets (and / or multiple subcarrier spacings (SCS)) to support a variety of 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15kHz, wide-area coverage can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if the SCS is 30kHz / 60kHz, dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. If the SCS is 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0068] NR bands can be defined as two types of frequency ranges, namely FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can vary. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) can be as shown in Table 1. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in NR systems, FR1 can represent "below 6 GHz" and FR2 can represent "above 6 GHz," and can be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 can include FR 2-1 and FR 2-2 as shown in the examples in Tables 1 and 2.

[0069] [Table 1]

[0070]

[0071] As described above, the frequency range of the NR system can be varied. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band from 410MHz to 7125MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850MHz, 5900MHz, 5925MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the 6GHz (or 5850MHz, 5900MHz, 5925MHz, etc.) or higher frequency bands included in FR1 may include unlicensed frequency bands. Unlicensed frequency bands can be used for various purposes (e.g., for vehicle communications (e.g., autonomous driving)).

[0072] [Table 2]

[0073]

[0074] Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices of this disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technologies for low-power communication, as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology, implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices of this disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices of this disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN, which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the names mentioned above. For example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) associated with low-power / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0075] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0076] Reference Figure 2 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals to / receive radio signals from external devices via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR).

[0077] exist Figure 2 In this context, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to Figure 1 At least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f} and / or {BS200 and BS200}.

[0078] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (e.g., transceiver 106), at least one processing chip (e.g., processing chip 101), and / or one or more antennas 108.

[0079] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (e.g., processor 102) and at least one memory (e.g., memory 104). Figure 2 The memory 104 is shown as being included in the processing chip 101. Alternatively and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be located outside the processing chip 101.

[0080] Processor 102 can control memory 104 and / or transceiver 106, and can be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts described in this disclosure. For example, processor 102 can process information in memory 104 to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via transceiver 106. Processor 102 can receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in memory 104.

[0081] Memory 104 may be operatively connected to processor 102. Memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 104 may store software code 105 that implements instructions, which, when executed by processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, software code 105 may control processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0082] In this document, processor 102 and memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). Transceiver 106 may be connected to processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0083] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (e.g., transceiver 206), at least one processing chip (e.g., processing chip 201), and / or one or more antennas 208.

[0084] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (e.g., processor 202) and at least one memory (e.g., memory 204). Figure 2 The memory 204 is shown as being included in the processing chip 201. Alternatively and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be located outside the processing chip 201.

[0085] Processor 202 can control memory 204 and / or transceiver 206, and can be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts described in this disclosure. For example, processor 202 can process information in memory 204 to generate third information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signal via transceiver 206. Processor 202 can receive a radio signal including a fourth information / signal via transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth information / signal in memory 204.

[0086] Memory 204 may be operatively connected to processor 202. Memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory 204 may store software code 205 that implements instructions, which, when executed by processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. For example, software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, software code 205 may control processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0087] In this document, processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). Transceiver 206 may be connected to processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In this disclosure, second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0088] The hardware elements of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. One or more protocol layers can be implemented by (but are not limited to) one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as the Physical (PHY) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.

[0089] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 for being driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure can be implemented using software or firmware in the form of code, commands and / or command sets.

[0090] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured with read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk drive, registers, flash memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0091] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control to enable one or more transceivers 106 and 206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control to enable one or more transceivers 106 and 206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0092] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein via one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this disclosure, one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0093] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals so that the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., can be processed by one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can also convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed by one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals into RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206, under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals using their (analog) oscillators and / or filters, and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at the carrier frequency. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and, under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, downconvert the OFDM signals to OFDM baseband signals via their (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0094] In the implementation of this disclosure, the UE can operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL). In the implementation of this disclosure, the BS can operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. For ease of description, it is primarily assumed below that the first radio device 100 acts as the UE and the second radio device 200 acts as the BS. For example, a processor 102 connected to, installed on, or started in the first radio device 100 can be configured to perform UE actions according to the implementation of this disclosure, or to control the transceiver 106 to perform UE actions according to the implementation of this disclosure. A processor 202 connected to, installed on, or started in the second radio device 200 can be configured to perform BS actions according to the implementation of this disclosure, or to control the transceiver 206 to perform BS actions according to the implementation of this disclosure.

[0095] In this disclosure, BS is also referred to as Node B (NB), eNodeB (eNB), or gNB.

[0096] Figure 3 An example of a wireless device that applies the implementation of this disclosure is shown.

[0097] Based on use cases / services (see reference) Figure 1 Wireless devices can be implemented in various forms.

[0098] Reference Figure 3Wireless devices 100 and 200 can correspond to Figure 2 The wireless devices 100 and 200 can be configured with various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit 110 may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 2 One or more processors 102 and 202 and / or Figure 2 One or more memories 104 and 204. For example, transceiver 114 may include... Figure 2 One or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or Figure 2 One or more antennas 108 and 208. Control unit 120 is electrically connected to communication unit 110, memory unit 130, and add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of each of wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, control unit 120 can control the electromechanical operation of each of wireless devices 100 and 200 based on programs / code / commands / information stored in memory unit 130. Control unit 120 can transmit information stored in memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., other communication devices) via communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., other communication devices) via communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in memory unit 130.

[0099] The add-on component 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the add-on component 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a drive unit, and a computing unit. Wireless devices 100 and 200 can be used in (but are not limited to) robotic applications. Figure 1 100a), vehicles ( Figure 1 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 1 100c), handheld device ( Figure 1 100d), home appliances ( Figure 1 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 1 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, FinTech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environment devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 1 400), BS ( Figure 1in the form of wireless devices 100 and 200), network nodes, etc. The wireless devices 100 and 200 can be used in mobile or fixed positions according to usage examples / services.

[0100] In Figure 3 it, the overall various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 can be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part of them can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first units (e.g., 130 and 140) can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 can be configured by RAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or their combination.

[0101] <Working frequency bands of NR>

[0102] The working frequency bands in NR are as follows.

[0103] The working frequency bands in Table 3 below are the working frequency bands converted (refarmed) from the working frequency bands of LTE / LTE-A. This can be called the FR1 band.

[0104] [Table 3]

[0105]

[0106] The following table shows the NR working frequency bands defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band.

[0107] [Table 4]

[0108]

[0109] <Overview of 6G system>

[0110] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to achieve goals such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption for battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The concept of 6G systems can include four aspects: “intelligent connectivity,” “deep connectivity,” “holographic connectivity,” and “universal connectivity,” and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 5 below. In other words, Table 5 shows the requirements for 6G systems.

[0111] [Table 5]

[0112] Peak data rate per device 1Tbps E2E latency 1ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km / hr Satellite integration completely AI completely Autonomous vehicles completely XR completely tactile communication completely

[0113] 6G systems can have key elements such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI-integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0114] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication architecture that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0115] 6G systems will offer 50 times more simultaneous wireless connectivity than 5G systems. In 6G communication, URLLC (a key feature of 5G) will become even more important by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms. Unlike frequently used regional spectral efficiency, 6G systems can achieve significantly better volumetric spectral efficiency. 6G systems can offer advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting and very long battery life; therefore, mobile devices may not require separate charging in 6G systems. Additionally, new network characteristics may emerge in 6G.

[0116] - Satellite-integrated networks: To provide global mobile coverage, 6G will be integrated with satellites. Integrating terrestrial waves, satellites, and public networks into a single wireless communication system will likely be crucial for 6G.

[0117] - Connecting Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, and wireless evolution can be updated from "connecting things" to "connecting intelligence." AI can be applied to every step of the communication process (or every step of the signal processing process described below).

[0118] - Seamless integration of wireless messaging and power transfer: 6G wireless networks can deliver power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless messaging and power transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0119] -Ubiquitous super 3-dimensional connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions for drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will establish ubiquitous super 3-dimensional connectivity in 6G.

[0120] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements can be summarized as follows:

[0121] Small cell networks: The concept of small cell networks was introduced to improve throughput, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency in cellular systems, thereby enhancing received signal quality. Therefore, small cell networks are a fundamental feature of 5G and beyond (5G+) communication systems. Consequently, 6G communication systems will also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0122] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-layered networks composed of heterogeneous networks will improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0123] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network to support high-capacity services. High-speed fiber optic and free-space optics (FSO) systems may be a possible solution to this problem.

[0124] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) via communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0125] Software-defined networking and virtualization: Software-defined networking and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5G networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Furthermore, a shared physical infrastructure can support billions of devices.

[0126] <Core Implementation Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0127] AI

[0128] The most important and newly introduced technology in 6G systems is AI. 4G systems do not involve AI. 5G systems will support some or very limited AI. However, 6G systems will support AI for full automation. In 6G, advances in machine learning will create smarter networks for real-time communication. With AI introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use numerous analyses to determine methods for performing complex target operations. In other words, AI can improve efficiency and reduce processing latency.

[0129] AI can be used to immediately execute time-consuming tasks such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling. AI can even play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0130] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems at the application or network layers, but deep learning has been primarily focused on wireless resource management and allocation. However, this research is gradually expanding to the MAC and physical layers, specifically attempting to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms, rather than traditional communication frameworks based on fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0131] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of deep learning. Additionally, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0132] Machine learning refers to a series of operations used to train machines to perform tasks that are impossible or difficult for humans to perform. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be broadly categorized into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0133] Neural network learning aims to minimize output error. It involves repeatedly inputting training data into the neural network, calculating the error between the network's output and the target value based on the training data, backpropagating the error from the output layer back to the input layer to reduce the error, and updating the weights of each node in the neural network.

[0134] Supervised learning can use training data labeled with correct answers, while unsupervised learning can use training data without labeled correct answers. That is, for example, in supervised learning for data classification, training data can be labeled with categories. The labeled training data can be input into a neural network, and the network's output (category) can be compared with the labels of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is backpropagated from the neural network backward (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated based on the backpropagation. The change in the updated connection weights of each node can be determined based on the learning rate. The computation of the neural network on the input data and the backpropagation of the error can be configured with a learning period (epoch). The learning data is adapted differently depending on the number of repetitions of the neural network's learning period. For example, a high learning rate can be used in the early stages of neural network learning to improve efficiency, allowing the neural network to quickly establish a certain level of performance, while a low learning rate can be used in the later stages of learning to improve accuracy.

[0135] Learning methods can vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, to accurately predict the data transmitted from the transmitter in a receiver of a communication system, supervised learning can be used instead of unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0136] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be viewed as the most basic linear model. However, the paradigm of machine learning that uses highly complex neural network structures (such as artificial neural networks) as learning models is called deep learning.

[0137] The core neural networks used as learning methods can broadly include deep neural networks (DNNs), convolutional deep neural networks (CNNs), recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNNs), and spiking neural networks (SNNs). Such learning models are applicable.

[0138] THz (Terahertz) communication

[0139] Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves (also known as submillimeter radiation) typically refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, corresponding to wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz frequency band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz frequency band used for cellular communication. Adding the sub-THz band to the millimeter-wave band increases 6 GHz cellular communication capacity. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band in the defined THz frequency band is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band is part of the optical band, but it is on the boundary of the optical band and just behind the RF band. Therefore, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band has similarities to RF.

[0140] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0141] Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide range of available bandwidth supporting very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (making highly directional antennas indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a larger number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0142] Massive MIMO

[0143] One of the core technologies used to improve spectral efficiency is MIMO (Multi-channel Mixing). As MIMO technology improves, spectral efficiency also increases. Therefore, massive MIMO will be crucial in 6G systems. Since MIMO uses multiple paths, emphasis should be placed on multiplexing and beamforming techniques suitable for the THz band to enable data signal transmission through one or more paths.

[0144] Holographic beamforming

[0145] Beamforming is the signal processing procedure of adjusting an antenna array to transmit radio signals in a specific direction. It is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers numerous advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a novel beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a highly effective method for efficiently and flexibly transmitting and receiving signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0146] Optical wireless technology

[0147] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR), or ultraviolet light (UV) to carry signals. OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390nm to 750nm) is often called visible light communication (VLC). VLC can be implemented using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless LANs, wireless personal area networks, and vehicular networks.

[0148] VLC offers several advantages over RF-based technologies. First, VLC occupies a free / unlicensed spectrum and can provide broad bandwidth (THz levels). Second, VLC causes minimal interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, it can be used in electromagnetically sensitive applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC offers advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks (i.e., visible light) cannot penetrate walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, VLC's transmission range can be limited to indoors, protecting user privacy and sensitive information. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0149] Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (such as air), outer space, and vacuum to wirelessly transmit data for use in telecommunications or computer networks. FSO can be used as a terrestrial point-to-point OWC system. FSO can operate in the near-infrared frequency range (750nm-1600nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10Gbit / s), thus offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0150] In addition to RF-based communication for all possible devices to access networks, these OWC technologies are also planned for 6G communication. These networks will connect access networks to backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technology has been used since 4G communication systems, but will be used more extensively to meet the needs of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as optical fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication based on optical bands are already well-known. Optical wireless communication can provide extremely high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0151] Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is also based on optical frequency bands and can be used for ultra-high resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to illuminate objects and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in automobiles.

[0152] FSO Backhaul Network

[0153] The transmitters and receivers of an FSO system exhibit characteristics similar to those of a fiber optic network. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is analogous to that in a fiber optic system. Consequently, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems alongside fiber optic networks. When using FSO, very long-distance communication is possible, even at distances of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports extensive backhaul connectivity for both long-range and short-range areas such as oceans, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connectivity.

[0154] Non-terrestrial networks (NTN)

[0155] 6G systems will integrate terrestrial and airborne networks to support vertically extended user communications. 3D BS will be delivered via LEO satellites and UAVs. Adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity quite different from traditional 2D networks. NR considers non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as one way to achieve this. NTNs are networks or network segments that utilize RF resources on satellites (or UAS platforms). For NTNs providing access to user equipment, there are two common scenarios: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of NTNs.

[0156] Connect the NTN to one or more SAT gateways in the public data network.

[0157] - GEO satellites are fed by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite target range (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one SAT gateway.

[0158] - Non-GEO satellites continuously served by one or more satellite gateways. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between continuously serving satellite gateways for a duration sufficient to allow mobility anchoring and handover.

[0159] - Feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0160] - Service link or radio link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform).

[0161] - Satellites (or UAS platforms) capable of providing transparent or regenerated (with onboard processing) payloads. Depending on the field of view, the beams generated by the satellite (or UAS platform) typically produce multiple beams for a given service area. The coverage area of ​​the beams is usually elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna pattern and the angle of attack.

[0162] - Transparent payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, so the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0163] - Regenerated payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. This is essentially the same as all or part of a base station function (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0164] - For satellite deployments, optionally, inter-satellite links (ISL) are available. This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISLs can operate in RF frequencies or optical bands.

[0165] - User equipment is served by satellites (or UAS platforms) within the target coverage area.

[0166] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide services to a continent, region, or local area.

[0167] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide coverage in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient generated beams, and links between satellites.

[0168] Quantum communication

[0169] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that overcomes the limitations of traditional communication (such as security and high-speed computing) by applying the properties of quantum mechanics to the field of information and communication. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0s and 1s, based on the binary bit information used in existing communication technologies. In conventional communication technologies, information is transmitted between the sender and receiver using wavelength or amplitude; however, in quantum communication, photons, as the smallest unit of light, are used to transmit information between the sender and receiver. Specifically, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be applied to the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), thus quantum communication possesses the characteristic of being able to communicate with perfect security. Furthermore, quantum communication can also achieve ultra-high-speed communication under certain conditions using quantum entanglement.

[0170] Cellular communication

[0171] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is key in 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without having to create any manual configurations on their devices. The optimal network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes excessive handovers in dense networks, leading to handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and the ping-pong effect. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of these and provide better QoS.

[0172] Cellular-free communication is defined as "a system in which a large number of geographically distributed antennas (APs) collaboratively serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources, with the aid of a fronthaul network and a CPU." A single terminal is served by a collection of multiple APs (called an AP cluster). There are several ways to form AP clusters, one of which, configuring AP clusters to significantly improve terminal reception performance, is called a terminal-centric clustering method, and when using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By employing this device-centric AP clustering technique, the device is always at the center of the AP cluster, thus eliminating inter-cluster interference that can occur when the device is located at the edge of the AP cluster. This cellless communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies, as well as different heterogeneous radios within the device.

[0173] Integration of Wireless Information and Power Delivery (WIET)

[0174] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will use wireless power delivery to charge during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifespan of wireless battery charging systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communications.

[0175] Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0176] Autonomous wireless networks are capable of continuously detecting dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0177] Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0178] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network will be connected via fiber optic cables and backhaul connections (such as FSO networks). To handle the very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between the access networks and the backhaul networks.

[0179] Big data analytics

[0180] Big data analytics is a complex process used to analyze various large datasets or big data. This process uncovers information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer actions to ensure comprehensive data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used in 6G systems to process massive amounts of data.

[0181] Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0182] Numerous studies have explored the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is termed a Smart Radio Environment (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environment (IRE) to highlight its fundamental difference from past design and optimization criteria. Various terms have been proposed for SRE-enabled reconfigurable smart antenna (or smart reconfigurable antenna technology) techniques, including reconfigurable metasurfaces, large smart surfaces (SLIS), large smart surfaces (LIS), reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), and smart reflective surfaces (IRS).

[0183] In the case of THz band signals, numerous shadowed regions caused by obstacles exist due to the signal's rigidity. RIS (Radio Reflector Array) technology is important for extending communication ranges by enhancing communication stability and enabling additional value-added services through the installation of RIS near these shadowed regions. RIS are artificial surfaces made of electromagnetic materials that can alter the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While RIS can be considered an extension of massive MIMO, it has a different array structure and operating mechanism. RIS also offers the advantage of lower power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive components, meaning it passively reflects signals without using an active RF chain. Furthermore, each of the passive reflectors in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, which can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift using the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to improve the received signal power.

[0184] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are also radio signal reflectors (RIS) that can adjust transmission and refraction characteristics, and these RIS are mainly used for O2I (outdoor to indoor). Recently, STAR-RIS (simultaneous transmission and reflection RIS), which provides transmission while reflecting, has also been actively researched.

[0185] metaverse

[0186] The metaverse is a portmanteau of the words "meta" (virtual), "transcendent" (transcendental), and "universe" (space). Generally speaking, the metaverse is a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities are common, just as they are in the real world.

[0187] Extended Reality (XR) (a key technology for realizing the metaverse) is a fusion of virtual and real, extending real-world experiences and providing a unique sense of immersion. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0188] Autonomous driving, autonomous driving

[0189] For perfect autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to notify each other of dangerous situations, or with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location and signal change times. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) (a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure) is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate with various elements on the road and share information (such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)) for autonomous driving.

[0190] To maximize the performance and ensure high safety of autonomous driving, high-speed transmission and low-latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply delivering warnings or guidance messages to the driver to proactively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. The amount of information that needs to be sent and received will be enormous; therefore, 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with its faster transmission speeds and lower latency compared to 5G.

[0191] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

[0192] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, will be a crucial element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, UAV technology will be used to provide high-speed data wireless connectivity. Base station entities are installed within UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs possess specific characteristics not found in fixed base station infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and degrees of freedom in controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure is economically infeasible and sometimes unable to provide service in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle such situations. UAVs will be a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology contributes to the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve numerous purposes, such as improving network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is considered one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0193] Blockchain

[0194] Blockchain will be a crucial technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology, and a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This can exist without being managed by a centralized institution or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology offers multiple capabilities such as interoperability between devices, high-volume data traceability, autonomous interaction between different IoT systems, and the massive connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.

[0195] <Random Access Channel (RACH) Procedure>

[0196] Figures 6a to 6e An example of a RACH process applicable to embodiments of this disclosure is shown.

[0197] Reference Figures 6a to 6e This describes a RACH process according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figures 6a to 6e The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0198] In one embodiment of this disclosure, when RF requirements (e.g., Tx RF performance requirements and / or Rx RF performance requirements) are described, the UE can meet these RF requirements. For example, according to one embodiment of this disclosure, the UE can be tested to meet the RF requirements (e.g., Tx RF performance requirements and / or Rx RF performance requirements). In one embodiment of this disclosure, a UE that meets these RF requirements can perform a RACH procedure. When the UE sends messages, data, signals, etc. to the gNB, the UE meets the Tx RF performance requirements described in the first embodiment of this specification. When the UE receives messages, data, signals, etc. from the gNB, the UE meets the Rx RF performance requirements described in the first embodiment of this specification.

[0199] For a UE to connect to a 5G network, the UE and the 5G network must synchronize on both the uplink and downlink. Downlink synchronization is performed when the UE successfully decodes the SSB sent by the gNB. To establish uplink synchronization and an RRC connection, the UE should perform the RACH random access procedure.

[0200] Two types of random access procedures are supported. The two types of random access procedures include a four-step random access (RA) type using MSG1 and a two-step RA type using MSGA.

[0201] The two types of RA procedures can support contention-based random access (CBRA) and contention-free random access (CFRA), as follows: Figures 6a to 6e As shown. Depending on network settings, the UE can select the random access type when starting the random access procedure.

[0202] Reference Figure 6a and Figure 6c This example illustrates a four-step RA type using MSG1.

[0203] The four-step RA type MSG1 includes the PRACH preamble. The UE sends MSG1. After sending MSG1, the UE monitors the network's response within the configured window.

[0204] According to Figure 6a In the example CBRA, when the UE receives a Random Access Response (MSG2) from the gNB, the UE can use the UL permission scheduled by the response message to send MSG3. The UE can then monitor contention resolution. If contention resolution fails after the (re)transmission of MSG3, the UE will perform an MSG1 transmission again.

[0205] According to Figure 6cIn the example of CFRA, the network assigns a dedicated preamble for MSG1 transmission. The gNB sends the RA preamble assignment to the UE. The UE sends MSG1 containing the random access preamble to the gNB. After receiving the random access response from the network, the UE terminates the random access procedure.

[0206] Reference Figure 6b , Figure 6d and Figure 6e This describes the two-step RA type. The MSGA of the two-step RA type includes the random access preamble on PRACH and the PUSCH payload. After the UE sends the MSGA, the UE monitors the response from the network within a set window.

[0207] According to Figure 6b In the example of CBRA, after the UE receives a network response (e.g., MSGB), if contention resolution is successful, the UE terminates the random access procedure. If a backoff indication is received within the MSGB, such as... Figure 6e As shown, the UE uses the UL permission scheduled in the fallback instruction to perform the MSG3 transmission and monitors contention resolution. If contention resolution fails after the (re)transmission of MSG3, the UE will perform the MSGA transmission again.

[0208] According to Figure 6d In the example of CFRA, the UE can receive the RA preamble allocation and PUSCH allocation from the gNB. Then, dedicated preamble and PUSCH resources can be configured for MSGA transmission. The UE transmits the MSGA. When the UE receives a network response, the UE terminates the random access procedure.

[0209] If a two-step RA type random access procedure is not completed after multiple MSGA transmissions, the UE can be set to switch to a four-step RA type CBRA.

[0210] <Disclosure of this specification>

[0211] The UE can transmit uplink signals based on the transmission power. The UE can determine the uplink power used to transmit uplink signals.

[0212] For example, uplink power control can be used for uplink signals. For reference, for the detailed process of determining uplink power, see 3GPP TS 38.101-1 17.4.0S7.1.1.

[0213] The UE can use uplink power control to determine the power transmitted for uplink shared channels (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), uplink control channels (e.g., Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), sounding reference signals (SRS), and random access associated channels (e.g., Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)).

[0214] For example, for the uplink shared channel, the UE transmits signals based on the configured power of the uplink shared channel as follows: If the UE uses the parameter set configured with index j and the PUSCH power control adjustment state configured with index l to transmit PUSCH on the active UL BWPb of carrier f in serving cell c, then the UE determines the PUSCH transmission power to P at PUSCH transmission timing i. PUSCH,b,f,c (i,j,q d ,l). For the transmission power P of PUSCH PUSCH,b,f,c (i,j,q d ,l) can be Figure 7 As shown in the image.

[0215] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of this disclosure. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures are for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following figures.

[0216] Figure 7 An example of transmission power for an uplink shared channel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0217] exist Figure 7 In the middle, P CMAX,f,c (i) can be the maximum output power configured by the UE for carrier f of serving cell c in PUSCH transmission timing i. This can be defined based on 3GPP TS 38.213 17.4.0S7.1.1, except for P. CMAX,f,c Parameters other than (i). Figure 7 P shown in PUSCH,b,f,c (i,j,q d ,l) is an example. The transmission power for the uplink shared channel is not limited to... Figure 7 The equation shown is exactly the same. The UE can determine the transmission power for the uplink shared channel based on the configured maximum output power and one or more other parameters.

[0218] For example, regarding the uplink control channel, the UE transmits signals based on the configured power of the uplink control channel as follows: If the UE uses the PUCCH power control adjustment state with index 1 to transmit PUCCH on the active ULBWPb of carrier f in primary cell c, then the UE determines the PUCCH transmission power to P at PUSCH transmission timing i. PUCCH,b,f,c (i,q u ,q d ,l). For the transmission power P of PUCCH PUCCH,b,f,c (i,q u ,q d ,l) can be Figure 8 As shown in the image.

[0219] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of this disclosure. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures are for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following figures.

[0220] Figure 8 An example of transmission power for the uplink control channel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0221] exist Figure 8 In the middle, P CMAX,f,c (i) can be the maximum output power configured by the UE for carrier f of serving cell c in PUSCH transmission timing i. This can be defined based on 3GPP TS 38.213 17.4.0 S7.2.1, except for P. CMAX,f,c Parameters other than (i). Figure 8 P shown PUSCH,b,f,c (i,j,q d ,l) is an example. The transmission power for the uplink control channel is not limited to Figure 8 The equation shown is exactly the same. The UE can determine the transmission power for the uplink shared channel based on the configured maximum output power and one or more other parameters.

[0222] For example, for the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), the UE can determine the transmission power for PRACH based on the DL RS of cell c on the active UL BWPb of carrier f in cell c at transmission time i, as shown in the following formula.

[0223] P PRACH,b,f,c (i)=min{P CMAX,f,c (i),P PRACH,target,f,c +PL b,f,c [dBm].

[0224] P CMAX,f,c(i) can be the maximum output power configured by the UE for carrier f of the serving cell c at the PUSCH transmission time i. This can be defined based on 3GPP TS 38.213 17.4.0S7.4, except for P... CMAX,f,c Parameters other than (i).

[0225] For the maximum output power (MOP) of an NR-U terminal (e.g., a UE) supporting a single carrier in a shared spectrum band (or shared spectrum channel access), an additional 23 dBm is introduced in addition to the previously defined 20 dBm MOP. In this disclosure, shared spectrum band may refer to the operating frequency band used for shared spectrum channel access.

[0226] However, in the shared spectrum band, the MOP (Mean Opportunity Point) for NR-U CA terminals supporting in-band continuous CA is only defined as 20 dBm. Therefore, RF requirements are defined only for UEs supporting an MOP of 20 dBm. Consequently, there is a problem that UEs supporting an MOP of 23 dBm cannot perform NR-U CA-based communication.

[0227] UE RF performance specifications (or requirements) should be defined for UEs that support NR-U CA and 23dBm MOP. For example, the tx power configuration for UEs that support 23dBm MOP and NR-U CA needs to be defined.

[0228] According to this disclosure, RF performance requirements (or specifications) can be defined for NR-U CA UEs that support in-band continuous CA in a shared spectrum band.

[0229] Various examples described in this disclosure illustrate examples of configuring transmit power for a UE that supports communication based on unlicensed frequency bands and in-band carrier aggregation (CA). For example, examples of this disclosure relate to configuring transmit power for a UE that supports continuous in-band CA in NR-U (NR unlicensed frequency band).

[0230] The UE needs to indicate its corresponding capabilities and power level to the network (NW) (e.g., a base station). For example, the UE can send capability information to the NW. This capability information may include the UE's power level and information about its support for shared spectrum channel access and in-band CA. For example, the capability information may include power level capabilities (e.g., power level per band or power level per combination of bands). If the UE supports UL MIMO, the capability information may include uplink full-power mode capabilities (e.g., full mode, mode 1, mode 2, etc.). If the UE supports Tx diversity, the capability information may include Tx diversity capabilities.

[0231] The NW can send information about the allowed UE power (e.g., p-Max) to the UE. The UE can then configure its transmission power based on this information (e.g., p-Max). The UE can then transmit signals based on this transmission power. Furthermore, the UE can report the configured transmission power and power margin (PH) to the NW. The power margin can refer to the amount of remaining power the UE has available for transmission before reaching its maximum transmission power limit.

[0232] In the prior art, the UE capability signal related to power level is defined in TS38.306 V17.3.0 as follows:

[0233] - Power capability per frequency band:

[0234] u-PowerClass,

[0235] ue-PowerClass-V1610,

[0236] ue-PowerClass-v1700

[0237] - Power capability per frequency band combination:

[0238] powerClass-v1530,

[0239] powerClass-v1610,

[0240] powerClassNRPart-r16,

[0241] intraBandPowerClass-r16,

[0242] - Power capability per feature set (FS):

[0243] ue-PowerClassPerBandPerBC-r17.

[0244] Here, feature sets can be configured based on frequency band combinations.

[0245] The NW (e.g., a base station) sends information related to p-Max to the UE. For example, the p-Max related signaling from the NW to the UE could be:

[0246] -p-Max (which corresponds to P in cases 1 and 2) EMAX,C p-Max can represent the maximum allowed transmit power in the serving cell; and / or

[0247] -p-NR-FR1 or p-UE-FR1 (which corresponds to P in cases 1 and 2) EMAX,CA ).

[0248] For NR-U operation, UE RF requirements have so far been defined only for a single carrier. UE power level 6 is defined in Rel-17, and UE power level 3 is being defined in Rel-18. In this document, NR-U can be interpreted as NR operation based on unlicensed frequency bands (e.g., communication based on at least one unlicensed frequency band). NR-U can also refer to shared spectrum channel access.

[0249] To compete with WiFi, NR-U CA will be defined. First, continuous intra-band CA for NR-U needs to be introduced. Therefore, UE RF requirements related to continuous intra-band CA for NR-U can be defined.

[0250] For continuous CA within the NR-U band, NR operating bands n46, n96, and n102 can be used. Here, NR operating bands n46, n96, and n102 correspond to unlicensed bands, as shown in Table 5.2-1 of TS38.101-1.

[0251] [Table 6]

[0252]

[0253] Table 6 shows an example of the operating frequency bands used for shared spectrum channel access.

[0254] For NR-U CA, CA_n96B and CA_n96C are examples. Here, “B” and “C” are the NR CA bandwidth levels in Table 7 (corresponding to Table 5.3A.5-1 in TS38.101-1V18.0.0) and correspond to two consecutive CCs (component carriers).

[0255] [Table 7]

[0256]

[0257] Table 7 shows the NR CA bandwidth levels. For example, CA_n96B can represent NR CA bandwidth level B used for two consecutive CCs in an in-band consecutive CA configuration based on shared spectrum channel access.

[0258] Furthermore, both power level 5 and power level 3 can be used in NR-U CA.

[0259] - Power rating 5 (PC5) = 20dBm

[0260] - Power level 3 (PC3) = 23dBm

[0261] For example, UE power level 5 means that the UE supports a maximum output power of 20dBm. UE power level 3 means that the UE supports a maximum output power of 23dBm.

[0262] RF requirements based on this disclosure can be defined based on the following sections, which relate to RF requirements for in-band continuous CA in the licensed frequency band. These sections correspond to the clauses with the same names in 3GPP TS 38.101-1V18.0.0.

[0263] 6.2A.4.1.1 Transmit power for in-band continuous CA configuration

[0264] This corresponds to S6.2A.4.1.1 in 3GPP TS 38.101-1.

[0265] For uplink carrier aggregation, the UE is allowed to set its maximum output power P for the serving cell c. CMAX,c and the maximum output power P of the overall configuration CMAX .

[0266] The maximum output power P configured on the serving cell c CMAX,c It should be set as specified in Clause 6.2.4 of 38.101-1, but MPR c =MPR and A-MPR c =A-MPR, wherein MPR and A-MPR are determined by subclause 6.2A.2 and subclause 6.2A.3 of 38.101-1, respectively.

[0267] For PH reports, the following exception applies: If the UE is configured with multiple uplink serving cells, the power P used for PH reports on the first serving cell c=c1 is... CMAX,c PH report transmissions on the second serving cell c2 are not considered, as exempted in subclause 7.7.1 of TS38.213 V17.4.0. There is a power management term for the UE, denoted as P-MPR, and P-MPR... c =P-MPR.

[0268] The maximum output power P of the total configuration CMAX It should be set within the following limits:

[0269] P CMAX_L ≤P CMAX ≤P CMAX_H

[0270] P CMAX_L It can be expressed as referring to P CMAX The bottom edge. P CMAX_H It can be expressed as referring to P CMAX The upper edge.

[0271] For uplink intra-band continuous carrier aggregation when the same timeslot mode is used in all aggregated serving cells,

[0272] P CMAX_L =MIN{10log 10 ∑p EMAX,c -ΔT C ,P EMAX,CA ,(P PowerClass,CA -ΔP PowerClass,CA )-MAX(MAX(MPR,A-MPR)+ΔT IB,c +ΔT C +ΔT RxSRS P-MPR c )}

[0273] P CMAX_H =MIN{10log 10 ∑p EMAX,c ,P EMAX,CA ,P PowerClass,CA -ΔP PowerClass,CA}

[0274] in,

[0275] -p EMAX,c It is P EMAX,c The linear value of P EMAX,c The IE P-Max is given in TS38.331 V17.3.0 for serving cell c;

[0276] P PowerClass,CA It is the maximum UE power specified in Tables 6.2A.1.1-1, 18, 20, 21, and 24 of 38.101-1, without considering tolerances;

[0277] -MPR and A-MPR are specified in Clauses 6.2A.2 and 6.2A.3 38.101-1, respectively;

[0278] - When the indicator is 23dBm or lower, 10log 10 ∑p EMAX,c When; or when the P indicates 23dBm or lower. EMAX,CA When; or when the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 is absent and the percentage of total uplink symbols transmitted on all UL CCs during a certain evaluation period is greater than 50%; or when the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 is absent and the percentage of total uplink symbols transmitted during a certain evaluation period is greater than maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 as defined in TS 38.331 (the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame), for a UE with power level 2 capability, ΔP PowerClass,CA=3dB; otherwise ΔP PowerClass,CA =0dB;

[0279] -ΔT IB,c This refers to the additional tolerance for serving cell c specified in Clause 6.2A.4.2 of 38.101-1 for NR CA, Clause 6.2C.2 of 38.101-1 for SUL, or Clause 6.2B.4.2 of TS 38.101-3 for EN-DC of NR CA; where the UE supports more than one frequency band combination for CA, SUL, or DC, and the operating frequency band belongs to more than one frequency band combination, then...

[0280] a) When the operating frequency band is ≤1GHz, the applicable additional ΔT IB,c It should be the average of all band combinations applicable to the operating band, truncated to a decimal place, as defined in Clause 6.2A.4.2 of NR CA 38.101-1, Clause 6.2C.2 of NR CA 38.101-1, and Clause 6.2B.4.2 of TS38.101-3V18.0.0. In cases where a harmonic relationship exists between the low-frequency band UL and the high-frequency band DL, the maximum ΔT from the different supported band combinations involving such bands should be applied. IB,c .

[0281] b) When the operating frequency band is >1 GHz, the applicable additional ΔT IB,c It should be the maximum value of all frequency band combinations defined in Clause 6.2B.4.2 of TS38.101-3 for the applicable operating frequency band and Clauses 6.2A.4.2 and 6.2C.2i of 38.101-1 for NR CA.

[0282] -P-MPR is a power management item for the UE;

[0283] -ΔT C It is the highest value ΔT among all serving cells c. C,c ;

[0284] -ΔT RxSRS It is the highest value among all service cells c;

[0285] -P EMAX,CA It is a value indicated by p-NR-FR1 or p-UE-FR1, and if both exist, the smaller one shall prevail.

[0286] For uplink in-band continuous carrier aggregation, when at least one different parameter set / slot mode is used in the aggregated cell, the UE is allowed to set its maximum output power P for the serving cell c(i) configured for slot parameter set type i. CMAX,c(i),i and the maximum output power P of the overall configuration CMAX .

[0287] The maximum output power P configured in time slot p of the serving cell c(i) of time slot parameter set type i. CMAX,c(i),i (p) should be set within the following limits:

[0288] P CMAX_L,f,c(i),i (p)≤P CMAX,f,c(i),i (p)≤P CMAX_H,f,c(i),i (p)

[0289] Among them, P CMAX_L,f,c(i),i (p) and P CMAX_H,f,c(i),i (p) is a restriction on the serving cell c(i) of time slot parameter set type i, as specified in Clause 6.2.4 of 38.101-1 for NRCA.

[0290] Unless otherwise stated, the total maximum output power P of the UE configuration in time-overlapping time slot parameter sets or symbol mode i in time slot p and time slot parameter sets or symbol mode j in time slot q is the maximum output power P of the UE configuration. CMAX (p,q) should be set within the following limits:

[0291] P CMAX_L (p,q)≤P CMAX (p,q)≤P CMAX_H (p,q)

[0292] When time slots p and q have different transmission lengths and belong to different cells in different or the same frequency band:

[0293] P CMAX_L (p,q)MIN{10log 10 [p CMAX_L,f,c(i),i (p)+p CMAX_L,f,c(i),j (q)],P PowerClass,CA ,P EMAX,CA}

[0294] P CMAX_H (p,q)=MIN{10log 10 [p CMAX_H,f,c(i),i (p)+p CMAX_H,f,c(i),j (q)],P PowerClass,CA ,P EMAX,CA}

[0295] Where, p CMAX_L,f,c(i),i and p CMAX_H,f,c(i),iThe corresponding limit P expressed in linear scale CMAX_L,f,c(i),i and P CMAX_H,f,c(i),i .

[0296] When using the same and different time slot modes in aggregated carriers, Table 6.2A.4.1.1-0 specifies T. REF and T eval For each T REF P CMAX_L It is based on T eval Evaluated, and by T eval The minimum value obtained in the transmission within is given; then one or more T eval The smallest P on CMAX_L Applied to the entire T REF During any given time period, the UE should not exceed P. PowerClass,CA and P EMAX,CA The smaller one.

[0297] [Table 8]

[0298]

[0299] Table 8 shows the P values ​​for different time slots and channel durations. CMAX Evaluation window.

[0300] If a UE is configured with multiple TAGs and a transmission of the UE on slot i for any serving cell in one TAG overlaps with a portion of the first symbol of a transmission on slot i+1 for a different serving cell in another TAG, then P for slots i and i+1 CMAX_L The minimum UE value applies to any overlapping portion of time slots i and i+1. During any time period, the number of UEs should not exceed P. PowerClass,CA and P EMAX,CA The smaller one.

[0301] The maximum measured output power P on all serving cells with the same time slot pattern UMAX It should be within the following scope:

[0302] P CMAX_L -MAX{T L ,T LOW (P CMAX_L )}≤P UMAX ≤P CMAX_H +T HIGH (P CMAX_H )P UMAX 10log 10 ∑p UMAX,c

[0303] Where, p UMAX,cThis represents the measured maximum output power of the serving cell c, expressed on a linear scale. Table 9 specifies P. CMAX The tolerance T of the applicable value LOW (P CMAX ) and T HIGH (P CMAX Tolerance T L It is the absolute value of the lower tolerance specified for the applicable SL CA configuration for in-band carrier aggregation as shown in Table 9.

[0304] When at least one time slot has a different set of transmission parameters or time slot pattern, the maximum measured output power P on all serving cells UMAX It should be within the following scope:

[0305] P' CMAX_L -MAX{T L ,T LOW (P' CMAX_L )}≤P' UMAX ≤P' CMAX_H +T HIGH (P' CMAX_H )P' UMAX 10log 10 ∑p' UMAX,c

[0306] Among them, p' UMAX,c T represents REF The average measured maximum output power of the serving cell c, expressed on a linear scale. Table 9 specifies P' for in-band carrier aggregation. CMAX The tolerance T of the applicable value LOW (P' CMAX ) and T HIGH (P' CMAX Tolerance T L It is the absolute value of the lower tolerance specified for the applicable NR CA configuration for in-band carrier aggregation as shown in Table 9.

[0307] in,

[0308] P' CMAX_L =MIN{MIN{10log 10 ∑(p CMAX_L,f,c(i),i ),P PowerClass,CA}over all overlapping slots in T REF}

[0309] P' CMAX_H =MAX{MIN{10log 10 ∑p EMAX,c ,P PowerClass,CA}over all overlapping slots in T REF}

[0310] [Table 9]

[0311]

[0312] Table 9 shows the P for continuous CA within the uplink band. CMAX An example of tolerance.

[0313] Furthermore, the application requirements are defined in TS38.101-1V18.0.0, section 6.2.1, as follows.

[0314] 6.2A.1.1 Maximum output power for UE with continuous CA within the band

[0315] For uplink intra-band continuous carrier aggregation, the maximum output power is specified in Table 6.2A.1.1-1. For downlink intra-band continuous carrier aggregation with a single uplink component carrier configured in the NR band, the maximum output power is specified in Table 6.2.1-1 for power level 3 and other power levels (if indicated in clause 5.5A.1).

[0316] [Table 10]

[0317]

[0318] Table 10 shows examples of UE power levels for in-band continuous CA. Table 10 also shows examples of NR CA configurations and corresponding power levels and tolerances.

[0319] 6.2H.1.1 Maximum output power of UE with in-band UL continuous CA featuring UL MIMO.

[0320] For in-band UL continuous CA and UE with two transmit antenna connectors in a closed-loop spatial multiplexing scheme, the maximum output power is defined as the sum of the maximum output power from both UE antenna connectors and all UL CCs. For example, if the UE supports UL MIMO and is configured with in-band UL continuous CA, the UE needs to meet the following requirements: The measurement period should be at least one subframe (1ms), as specified in Table 11. The requirements should be met respectively for the UL MIMO configuration and ULFPTx configuration specified in Tables 12 and 13 for Layer 2 configuration.

[0321] [Table 11]

[0322]

[0323] Table 11 shows an example of UE power levels with in-band UL continuous CA and UL MIMO in a closed-loop spatial reuse scheme.

[0324] If the UE is scheduled for single-antenna-port PUSCH transmission for single-antenna-port codebook-based transmission via DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1, the requirement in Clause 6.2A.1.1 applies to at least one antenna connector of the power class indicated by the ue-PowerClass field in the capability signaling.

[0325] 6.2D.1 Maximum output power of UE for UL MIMO

[0326] For UEs with two transmit antenna connectors in a closed-loop spatial multiplexing scheme, the maximum output power within any transmission bandwidth is specified in Table 6.2D.1-1 of TS 38.101-1. This requirement should be met for the UL MIMO configuration specified in Table 12. For UEs supporting UL MIMO, the maximum output power is defined as the sum of the maximum output power from both UE antenna connectors. The measurement period should be at least one subframe (1 ms).

[0327] Regarding the use of codebooks The UL MIMO configuration for Layer 2 UL MIMO transmission should meet the aforementioned requirements. The DCI format for the UE configured in PUSCH transmission mode for uplink single-user MIMO should be used.

[0328] [Table 12]

[0329]

[0330] Table 12 shows an example of UL MIMO configuration in a closed-loop space reuse scheme.

[0331] For UEs that support uplink full power transmission for UL MIMO (ULFPTx), based on the UE's support for uplink full power transmission mode, the maximum output power requirement specified in Table 6.2D.1-1 of TS 38.101-1 should be met with respect to the PUSCH configuration specified in Table 13.

[0332] [Table 13]

[0333]

[0334] Table 13 shows an example of a PUSCH configuration for uplink full power transmission (ULFPTx).

[0335] If a UE is scheduled for single-antenna-port PUSCH transmission for single-antenna-port codebook-based transmission via DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1, the requirements in Clause 6.2 apply to at least one antenna connector for the power level indicated by the ue-PowerClass field in the capability signaling, except in the following cases: For a UE indicating txDiversity-r16, the requirements in Clause 6.2G apply to the power level indicated by ue-PowerClass.

[0336] When a codebook-based transmission on a single antenna port is scheduled for single-antenna-port transmission via DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1, the UE for the band indication feature ul-FullPwrMode-r16 or ul-FullPwrMode2-TPMIGroup-r16 shall meet the requirements of this disclosure for at least one antenna connector.

[0337] An example of UE transmission power configuration for a single CC in an unlicensed frequency band is explained.

[0338] 6.2F Transmitter Power for Shared Spectrum Channel Access

[0339] Transmit power configured in 6.2F.4

[0340] The requirements for maximum output power of the configuration in Clause 6.2.4 apply.

[0341] 6.2F.4D configured transmit power UL MIMO

[0342] For UEs that support UL MIMO, the transmit power is configured for each UE.

[0343] The maximum output power P of the configuration specified in Clause 6.2.4 CMAX,c Lower limit P CMAX_L,c and upper limit P CMAX_H,c The definition will apply to UEs that support UL MIMO, where,

[0344] - P is specified in Clause 6.2.4 of Article 38.101-1 PowerClass ΔP PowerClass and ΔT C,c Unless otherwise stated;

[0345] - MPR is specified in Clause 6.2F.2D of 38.101-1 c ;

[0346] - A-MPR is specified in Clause 6.2F.3 of 38.101-1. c .

[0347] The maximum output power P of the configuration for measurement of serving cell c UMAX,c It should be within the following limits:

[0348] P CMAX_L,c -MAX{T L ,T LOW (P CMAX_L,c )}≤P UMAX,c ≤P CMAX_H,c +T HIGH (P CMAX_H,c )

[0349] Among them, T LOW (P CMAX_L,c ) and T HIGH (P CMAX_H,c ) is defined as tolerance and applies to P respectively CMAX_L,c and P CMAX_H,c And T L It is the absolute value of the lower tolerance in Table 14 for the applicable operating frequency band.

[0350] For UEs with two transmit antenna connectors in a closed-loop spatial multiplexing scheme, tolerances are specified in Table 14. These requirements should be met for the UL MIMO configurations specified in Table 12.

[0351] For UEs supporting uplink full-power transmission for UL MIMO (ULFPTx), tolerances are specified in Table 6.2F.4D-1. Based on the UE's support for uplink full-power transmission mode, the PUSCH configuration specified in Table 6.2D.1-3 should meet the aforementioned requirements.

[0352] [Table 14]

[0353]

[0354] Table 14 shows the P in the closed-loop space reuse scheme. CMAX,c An example of tolerance.

[0355] 6.2.4 Configured Transmit Power

[0356] Allows the UE to set the maximum output power P of its configuration for carrier f of serving cell c in each time slot. CMAX,f,c The maximum output power P is configured. CMAX,f,c Set within the following limits:

[0357] P CMAX_L,f,c ≤P CMAX,f,c ≤P CMAX_H,f,c ,in,

[0358] P CMAX_L,f,c =MIN{PEMAX,c -ΔT C,c ,(P PowerClass -ΔP PowerClass )-MAX(MAX(MPR c +ΔMPR c A-MPR c )+ΔT IB,c +ΔT C,c +ΔT RxSRS P-MPR c )}

[0359] P CMAX_H,f,c =MIN{P EMAX,c ,P PowerClass -ΔP PowerClass}

[0360] in,

[0361] According to TS 38.331V17.3.0, P EMAX,c This is the value given by the additionalPmax or p-Max field of the NR-NS-PmaxList IE (whichever is applicable). For example, the UE receives data from the base station and P... EMAX,c Relevant information, such as p-MaxIE or additionalPmax;

[0362] P PowerClass It is the maximum UE power specified for shared spectrum access operations in Tables 6.2.1-1 and 6.2F.1-1 of 38.101-1, without considering the tolerances specified for shared spectrum access operations in Tables 6.2.1-1 and 6.2F.1-1;

[0363] When IE powerBoostPi2BPSK is set to 1, for UEs with power level 3 capability operating in TDD bands n40, n41, n77, n78, and n79 using PI / 2BPSK modulation, P EMAX,c Increase by +3dB. When P EMAX,c When the value is ≥20dBm (the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame), the UE indicates support for the UE capability powerBoosting-pi2BPSK and that 40% or less of the symbols are used for UL transmission during a certain evaluation period.

[0364] When IE powerBoostPi2BPSK is set to 1, for UEs with power level 3 capability operating in TDD bands n40, n41, n77, n78, and n79 using Pi / 2BPSK modulation, ΔP PowerClass-3dB and the UE indicates support for the UE capability powerBoosting-pi2BPSK, and 40% or less of the time slots in the radio frame are used for UL transmission.

[0365] ΔP PowerClass =

[0366] - For UEs with power class 2 capability, 3dB; or for power class 1.5 UEs, 6dB, when indicating a P-max of 23dBm or lower; or when the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 and the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC1dot5-MPE-FR1 are both absent and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period is greater than 50%; or when the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 is absent and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period is greater than maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 as defined in TS 38.306 (the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame); or when the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC1dot5-MPE-FR1 is absent and half of the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a given evaluation period is greater than as defined in TS 38.306. When maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC1dot5-MPE-FR1 (the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame) is as defined in 38.306. For example, based on the conditions mentioned for when any of the clauses is met, when a P-max of 23dBm or lower is indicated, it is 3dB for a UE with power class 2 capability, or 6dB for a power class 1.5 UE.

[0367] - For UEs with power level 1.5 capability, 3dB is applied when the indicated P-max is between 23dBm and 26dB; or when the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 and the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC1dot5-MPE-FR1 are both absent and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in an evaluation period is between 25% and 50%; or when the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 is absent and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in an evaluation period is between maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 and maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 / 2 as defined in TS 38.306 (the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame); or when the UE capability field maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC1dot5-MPE-FR1 is absent and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in an evaluation period is greater than that defined in TS 38.306. The maximum uplink duty cycle (maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC1dot5-MPE-FR1) as defined in 38.306 (the exact evaluation period is not less than one radio frame) is used.

[0368] - 3dB when the UE is configured with SUL and the requirement to apply the default power level on the frequency band where the UE indicates power level 2 is specified in subclause 6.2C.1;

[0369] - When a PC2-capable UE with txDiversity-r16 capability or a PC1.5-capable UE further instructs the SRS-TxSwitch capability “t1r2” or “t1r4” or “t1r1-t1r2” or “t1r1-t1r2-t1r4”, 3dB is applied during the SRS transmission timing, where the purpose in the SRS-ResourceSet is set to “antenna Switching”, and the configured SRS resources in each SRS resource set consist of one SRS port;

[0370] Otherwise, 0dB;

[0371] ΔT IB,c It is an additional tolerance for serving cell c as specified in Clause 6.2A.4.2 of TS 38.101-1 for NR CA, Clause 6.2C.2 for SUL, or Clause 6.2B.4.2 of TS 38.101-3 for EN-DC; otherwise, ΔT IB,c=0dB. If the UE supports more than one of the following: V2X band combinations, concurrent operation, CA, SUL, or DC operating bands, and the operating bands belong to more than one band combination, then...

[0372] a) When the operating frequency band is ≤1GHz, the applicable additional ΔT IB,c It should be the average of all band combinations applicable to the operating band, truncated to a decimal place, as defined in Clauses 6.2A.4.2, 6.2C.2 of TS 38.101-1 and 6.2B.4.2 of TS 38.101-3 [3]. In the case of a harmonic relationship between the low-frequency band UL and the high-frequency band DL, the maximum ΔTIB,c among the different supported band combinations involving such bands should be applied.

[0373] b) When the operating frequency band is >1 GHz, the applicable additional ΔT IB,c It should be the maximum value of all frequency band combinations defined in Clause 6.2B.4.2 of TS 38.101-3 and Clauses 6.2A.4.2 and 6.2C.2 of TS38.101-1V18.0.0 for the applicable operating frequency band.

[0374] When Note 3 in Table 6.2.1-1 of 38.101-1 applies to serving cell c, ΔT C,c =1.5dB, otherwise ΔT C,c =0dB;

[0375] MPR for serving cell c c and A-MPR c The provisions are specified in Clauses 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 of TS38.101-1, and for shared spectrum access operations, they are specified in Clauses 6.2F.2 and 6.2F.3 of TS38.101-1, respectively.

[0376] ΔMPR for serving cell c c It is specified in Clause 6.2.2 of TS38.101-1 and in Clause 6.2F.2 of TS38.101-1 for shared spectrum access operations.

[0377] ΔT RxSRS It is a value related to SRS transmission.

[0378] P-MPR c It is the maximum power reduction of power management, in order to

[0379] a) For scenarios not covered by the 3GPP RAN specification, ensure compliance with applicable electromagnetic energy absorption requirements and address undesirable transmit / self-sensitivity degradation requirements when transmitting simultaneously on multiple RATs.

[0380] b) In cases where proximity detection is used to address the requirement of lower maximum output power, ensure compliance with applicable electromagnetic energy absorption requirements.

[0381] The UE should only apply P-MPRc to serving cell c under the above circumstances. For the conformance test performed on the UE, P-MPRc should be 0dB.

[0382] Note 1: P-MPRc was introduced into P CMAX,f,c The equation allows the UE to report the maximum available output transmit power to the gNB. This information can then be used by the gNB for scheduling decisions.

[0383] Note 2: P-MPRc can affect the maximum uplink performance of the selected UL transmission path.

[0384] Table 15 specifies T. REF and T eval For each T REF P for serving cell c CMAX,L,c According to T eval Evaluated, and by T eval The minimum value obtained over the transmission within T is given; then, for the entire T eval Apply one or more T eval The smallest P on CMAX_L,f,c .

[0385] [Table 15]

[0386] <![CDATA[T REF ]]> <![CDATA[T eval ]]> <![CDATA[T with frequency hopping eval > Physical channel length Physical channel length <![CDATA[Min(T no_hopping (Physical channel length)

[0387] Table 15 shows an example of the evaluation and reference time period for Pcmax.

[0388] The maximum output power P of the measured configuration UMAX,f,c It should be within the following limits:

[0389] P CMAX_L,f,c -MAX{T L,c ,T(P CMAX_L,f,c )}≤P UMAX,f,c ≤P CMAX_H,f,c +T(P CMAX_H,f,c ).

[0390] Table 15 specifies the parameters for P. CMAX,f,c The tolerance T(P) of the applicable value CMAX,f,c Tolerance T L,cIt is the absolute value of the lower tolerance for the applicable operating frequency band specified in Table 6.2.1-1 of TS 38.101-1 and Table 6.2F.1-1 of TS 38.101-1 for shared spectrum access operations.

[0391] [Table 16]

[0392] <![CDATA[P CMAX,f,c (dBm)]]> <![CDATA[Tolerance T(P CMAX,f,c )(dB)]]> <![CDATA[23<P CMAX,c ≤33]]> 2.0 <![CDATA[21≤P CMAX,c ≤23]]> 2.0 <![CDATA[20≤P CMAX,c <21]]> 2.5 <![CDATA[19≤P CMAX,c <20]]> 3.5 <![CDATA[18≤P CMAX,c <19]]> 4.0 <![CDATA[13≤P CMAX,c <18]]> 5.0 <![CDATA[8≤P CMAX,c <13]]> 6.0

[0393] Table 16 shows P CMAX Examples of tolerances. Table 16 shows the corresponding tolerances for P. CMAX,c The tolerance range T(P) CMAX,f,c ).

[0394] 6.2F Transmitter Power for Shared Spectrum Channel Access

[0395] 6.2F.1UE Maximum Output Power

[0396] Unless otherwise specified, the following UE power levels define the maximum output power of any transmission bandwidth within the channel bandwidth of the shared spectrum channel access carrier. The measurement period should be at least one subframe (1 ms).

[0397] [Table 17]

[0398]

[0399] Table 17 shows examples of UE power levels for shared spectrum channel access. Based on the examples in Table 17, power level 5 is the default power level for shared spectrum channel access.

[0400] 6.2F.1A.2 Maximum output power for UE with continuous CA within the band

[0401] For uplink intra-band continuous carrier aggregation, the maximum output power is specified in Table 18. For downlink intra-band continuous carrier aggregation with a single uplink component carrier configured in the NR-U band, the maximum output power is specified for power level 5 in Table 17.

[0402] [Table 18]

[0403]

[0404] Table 18 shows an example of UE power levels for continuous CA within the band.

[0405] 5.5A.1 Configuration for In-Band Continuous CA

[0406] The configuration for in-band continuous CA explains an example of the configuration for in-band continuous CA for unlicensed frequency bands.

[0407] Power level 3 is supported for all uplinks. As shown in Table 19, power levels other than power level 3 are also supported.

[0408] [Table 19]

[0409]

[0410]

[0411] The following examples of this disclosure illustrate the requirements and operations for a UE that supports shared spectrum channel access and in-band CA. Cases 1, 2, and 3 are used as examples to specify the requirements and operations.

[0412] Scenario 1: Transmission power configured for NR-U UEs with continuous uplink CA based on PC5 (20dBm) and / or PC3 (23dBm).

[0413] Maximum output power of UE with in-band UL continuous CA

[0414] For NR-U uplink intra-band continuous carrier aggregation, the maximum output power is specified in Table 20. For downlink intra-band continuous carrier aggregation with a single uplink component carrier configured in the NR-U band, the maximum output power is specified in Table 20 for power level 5 and other power levels (if indicated) (e.g., Table 6.2F.1-1 corresponding to TS38.101-1). (Here, the default power level is power level 5).

[0415] [Table 20]

[0416]

[0417] Table 20 shows an example of NR-U UE power levels for in-band continuous CA. Based on Table 21, UEs supporting PC3 and / or PC5 can be configured with in-band continuous CA for shared spectrum channel access. Unless otherwise stated, the default power level for shared spectrum channel access is power level 5. For reference, "B" and "C" after the band name n96 represent the CA bandwidth levels explained in Table 7.

[0418] [Table 21]

[0419]

[0420] Table 21 shows an example of NR-U UE power levels for a single carrier.

[0421] An example of transmission power configuration for UEs with continuous CA within the uplink band is explained.

[0422] For NR-U uplink carrier aggregation, the UE is allowed to set its maximum output power P for the serving cell c. CMAX,c and the maximum output power P of the overall configuration CMAX For example, inter-band CA based on Band A and Band B can be configured for the UE. In this case, for each band-specific carrier, the configured transmit power can be determined based on the formula for PCMAX,f,c, as described in "6.2.4 Configured Transmit Power" of this specification. When determining Pcmax,cc1 and Pcmax,cc2, the sum of Pcmax,cc1 and Pcmax,cc2 may not be equal to Pcmax, because different parameters are considered for each of Pcmax,cc1 and Pcmax,cc2. For example, Ppowerclass,cc1 = 23dBm, Ppowerclass,cc2 = 26dBm and Ppowerclass,ca = 26dBm, or Pemax,cc1 = 23dBm, Pemax,cc2 = 26dBm and Pemax,ca = 26dBm.

[0423] The maximum output power P configured on the serving cell c CMAX,c It should be set as specified in Clause 6.2.4 of TS38.101-1, but MPR c =MPR and A-MPR c =A-MPR, where the MPR is determined by subclause 6.2F.2 of TS38.101-1 for power class 5. The MPR for power class 3 and the A-MPR for both power class 5 and power class 3 need to be defined. For PH (Power Margin) reporting, the following exception applies: If the UE is configured with multiple uplink serving cells, the power P used for the purpose of PH reporting on the first serving cell c=c1... CMAX,c The calculation of PH report transmissions on the second serving cell c2 is not considered, as exempted in subclause 7.7.1 of TS38.213. There exists a power management term for the UE, denoted as P-MPR, and P-MPR... c =P-MPR.

[0424] The maximum output power P of the total configuration CMAX It should be set within the following limits. For example, the UE can configure the total maximum output power to meet the following limits:

[0425] P CMAX_L ≤P CMAX≤ P CMAX_H

[0426] For uplink intra-band continuous carrier aggregation when the same timeslot mode is used in all aggregated serving cells,

[0427] P CMAX_L =MIN{10log 10 ∑p EMAX,c -ΔT C ,P EMAX,CA ,(P PowerClass,CA -ΔP PowerClass,CA )-MAX(MAX(MPR,A-MPR)+ΔT IB,c +ΔT C +ΔT RxSRS P-MPR c )}

[0428] P CMAX_H =MIN{10log 10 ∑p EMAX,c ,P EMAX,CA ,P PowerClass,CA -ΔP PowerClass,CA}

[0429] in,

[0430] -p EMAX,c It is P EMAX,c The linear value of P EMAX,c Provided by IE P-Max for serving cell c in TS38.331;

[0431] P PowerClass,CA This is the maximum UE power specified in Table 20, without considering tolerances;

[0432] -MPR and A-MPR are for NR-U CA. In this article, NR-U CA may refer to CA for shared spectrum channel access.

[0433] -ΔP PowerClass,CA for

[0434] When the indicator is 20dBm or lower than 10log 10 2 p EMAX,c When, or when the P indicates 20dBm or lower EMAX,CA At that time, for UEs with power level 3 capability, 3dB;

[0435] Otherwise, 0dB;

[0436] In this article, p EMAX,c The P is given by IEP-Max for serving cell c. EMAX,c The linear value. If the UE is configured with CA based on cc1 and cc2, the NW can send P to the UE for cc1. EMAX,cc1 And P for cc2 EMAX,cc2The UE can display P values ​​in dBm. EMAX,cc1 and P EMAX,cc2 Convert to linear values ​​and add them together. UE can then convert P... EMAX,cc1 and P EMAX,cc2 The sum of linear values ​​is converted to dBm, and the UE can compare the converted value with 20 dBm.

[0437] For example, ΔP PowerClass,CA It could be:

[0438] When applying the default power level requirements, for UEs with power level 3 capability, 3dB;

[0439] Otherwise, 0dB.

[0440] For example,

[0441] ΔP PowerClass,CA for:

[0442] If the UE indicates "higherPowerLimit-r17", then 0dB and P PowerClass,CA CA was replaced with 10log 10 ∑p PowerC lass,c

[0443] In this paper, when the UE sends higherPowerLimit-r17 to the NW, it means that the UE supports a maximum output power of 24.7dBm. For example, 24.7dBm can be achieved by the UE's transmitter with a combination of a 1PA with 23dBm and a 1PA with 20dBm.

[0444] In other words, "higherPowerLimit-r17" can be used in-band CA.

[0445] -For continuous CA within the band, ΔT IB,c =0

[0446] -P-MPR is a power management item for the UE;

[0447] -ΔT C It is the highest value ΔT among all serving cells c. C,c (Refer to 6.2.4 of TS 38.101-1)

[0448] -ΔT RxSRS It is the highest value among all service cells c;

[0449] -Δp EMAX,CA It is a value indicated by p-NR-FR1 or p-UE-FR1, and if both exist, the smaller one shall prevail.

[0450] For NR-U uplink intra-band continuous carrier aggregation, at least one different parameter set / slot mode can be used in the aggregated cell. In this case, the UE is allowed to set its maximum output power P for the serving cell c(i) configured for slot parameter set type i. CMAX,c(i),i and the maximum output power P of the overall configuration CMAX .

[0451] The maximum output power P configured in time slot p of the serving cell c(i) of time slot parameter set type i. CMAX,c(i),i (p) should be set within the following limits:

[0452] P CMAX_L,f,c(i),i (p)≤P CMAX,f,c(i),i (p)≤P CMAX_H,f,c(i),i (p)

[0453] Among them, P CMAX_L,f,c(i),i (p) and P CMAX_H,f,c(i),i (p) is a restriction on the serving cell c(i) of time slot parameter set type i, as specified in Clause 6.2.4 of TS38.101-1.

[0454] Unless otherwise stated, the total maximum output power P of the UE configuration in time-overlapping time slot parameter sets or symbol mode i in time slot p and time slot parameter sets or symbol mode j in time slot q is the maximum output power P of the UE configuration. CMAX (p,q) should be set within the following limits:

[0455] P CMAX_L (p,q)≤P CMAX (p,q)≤P CMAX_H (p,q)

[0456] When time slots p and q have different transmission lengths and belong to different cells in different or the same frequency band:

[0457] P CMAX_L (p,q)=MIN{10log 10 [p CMAX_L,f,c(i),i (p)+p CMAX_L,f,c(i),j (q)],P PowerClass,CA ,P EMAX,CA}

[0458] P CMAX_H (p,q)=MIN{10log 10 [p CMAX_H,f,c(i),i (p)+p CMAX_H,f,c(i),j (q)],P PowerClass,CA ,P EMAX,CA}

[0459] Where, p CMAX_L,f,c(i),i and pCMAX_H,f,c(i),i The corresponding limit P expressed in linear scale CMAX_L,f,c(i),i and P CMAX_H,f,c(i),i .

[0460] When using the same and different time slot modes in aggregated carriers, Table 6.2A.4.1.1-0 specifies T. REF and T eval For each T REF P CMAX_L It is based on T eval Evaluated, and by T eval The minimum value obtained in the transmission within is given; then one or more T eval The smallest P on CMAX_L Applied to the entire T REF During any given time period, the UE should not exceed P. PowerClass,CA and P EMAX,CA The smaller one.

[0461] [Table 22]

[0462]

[0463] Table 22 shows the P values ​​for different time slots and channel durations. CMAX An example of an evaluation window.

[0464] A UE can be configured with multiple TAGs, and a portion of the first symbol of a UE transmission on slot i for any serving cell in one TAG overlaps with a portion of the first symbol of a transmission on slot i+1 for a different serving cell in another TAG. In this case, P for slots i and i+1 CMAX_L The minimum UE value applies to any overlapping portion of time slots i and i+1. During any time period, the number of UEs should not exceed P. PowerClass,CA and P EMAX,CA The smaller one.

[0465] The maximum measured output power P on all serving cells with the same time slot pattern UMAX It should be within the following range. For example, when the UE transmits a signal based on the configured maximum output power, the signal from the UE can be measured. The UE can be tested to check whether it meets the requirements related to the measured maximum output power based on the following limits:

[0466] P CMAX_L -MAX{T L ,T LOW (P CMAX_L )}≤P UMAX ≤P CMAX_H +T HIGH (P CMAX_H )

[0467] P UMAX =10log 10 ∑p UMAX,c

[0468] Where, p UMAX,c This represents the measured maximum output power of the serving cell c, expressed on a linear scale. Table 23 specifies P. CMAX The tolerance T of the applicable value LOW (P CMAX ) and T HIGH (P CMAX Tolerance T L It is the absolute value of the lower tolerance for the applicable NR-U CA configuration specified for NR-U in-band carrier aggregation as shown in Table 20.

[0469] When at least one time slot has a different set of transmission parameters or time slot pattern, the maximum measured output power P on all serving cells UMAX It should be within the following scope:

[0470] P' CMAX_L -MAX{T L ,T LOW (P' CMAX_L )}≤P' UMAX ≤P' CMAX_H +T HIGH (P' CMAX_H )

[0471] P' UMAX =10log 10 ∑p' UMAX,c

[0472] Among them, p' UMAX,c T represents REF The average measured maximum output power of the serving cell c, expressed on a linear scale. Table 6.2F.4.1.1-1 in TS 38.101-1 specifies P' for NR-U in-band carrier aggregation. CMAX The tolerance T of the applicable value LOW (P' CMAX ) and T HIGH (P' CMAX Tolerance T L It is the absolute value of the lower tolerance specified in Table 20 for the applicable NR-U CA configuration for in-band carrier aggregation.

[0473] in,

[0474] P' CMAX_L =MIN{T REF MIN{10log} on all overlapping time slots 10∑(p CMAX_L,f,c(i),i ),P PowerClass,CA}}

[0475] P' CMAX_H =MAX{T REF MIN{10log} on all overlapping time slots 10 ∑p EMAX,c ,P PowerClass,CA}}

[0476] [Table 23]

[0477]

[0478] Table 23 shows the P for continuous CA within the NR-U uplink band. CMAX An example of tolerance.

[0479] Based on the examples in this disclosure, Table 23 is proposed as the Pcmax tolerance for continuous CA within the NR-U uplink band.

[0480] Scenario 2: Transmission power of NR-UE configuration with UL-MIMO and in-band continuous CA on the uplink. Based on PC5 (20dBm) and / or PC3 (23dBm),

[0481] Maximum output power of UE with in-band UL continuous CA and UL MIMO

[0482] For a UE with two transmit antenna connectors and continuous CA in the NR-U uplink band in a closed-loop spatial multiplexing scheme, the maximum output power is defined as the sum of the maximum output power from the two UE antenna connectors and all UL CCs. The measurement period should be at least one subframe (1 ms), as specified in Table 24. The requirements should be met for the UL MIMO configuration and ULFPTx configuration specified in Tables 6.2D.1-2 and 6.2D.1-3, respectively, for Layer 2 configurations.

[0483] [Table 24]

[0484]

[0485] Table 24 shows an example of NR-U UE power levels with UL MIMO in-band continuous CA on the uplink in a closed-loop spatial multiplexing scheme.

[0486] The UE can be scheduled for single-antenna-port PUSCH transmission via DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 0_1 ​​for transmission based on the single-antenna-port codebook. In this case, the requirement based on Case 1 can be applied to at least one antenna connector with the power level indicated by the ue-PowerClass field in the capability signaling.

[0487] An example of transmission power configuration for a UE with UL-MIMO uplink in-band continuous CA is explained.

[0488] For NR-U UEs supporting in-band UL continuous CA with UL MIMO, transmit power is configured for each UE. Here, for UL-MIMO, it is assumed that there are two transmit antenna connectors in the closed-loop spatial multiplexing scheme.

[0489] The maximum output power P of the configuration specified in Case 1 CMAX,c Lower limit P CMAX_L,c and upper limit P CMAX_H,c The definition will apply to NR-U UEs that support in-band UL continuous CA with UL MIMO, where,

[0490] -As specified in case 1, ΔP PowerClass and ΔT C,c ;

[0491] -P PowerClass,CA This is the maximum UE power specified in Table 24, without considering tolerances;

[0492] - As in case 1, MPR and AMPR are specified;

[0493] The maximum output power P of the configuration measured on all serving cells UMAX It should be within the following limits:

[0494] P CMAX_L -MAX{T L ,T LOW (P CMAX_L )}≤P UMAX ≤P CMAX_H +T HIGH (P CMAX_H )

[0495] Among them, T LOW (P CMAX_L ) and T HIGH (P CMAX_H ) is defined as tolerance and applies to P respectively CMAX_L and P CMAX_H And T L It is the absolute value of the lower tolerance for the applicable operating frequency band in Table 24.

[0496] For NR-U UEs that support in-band UL continuous CA with UL MIMO, tolerances are specified as shown in Table 23.

[0497] Scenario 3: Transmission power configured for NR-U UE with PC3 (23dBm) for 2Tx diversity

[0498] An example of the maximum output power of the UE for 2Tx diversity is explained.

[0499] For NR-U UEs that support Tx diversity, the maximum output power indicated by the UE power level in Table 21 is defined as the sum of the maximum output power from the two UE antenna connectors. The measurement period should be at least one subframe (1ms).

[0500] When the UE indicates PC3 for a given frequency band, it achieves maximum power by means of Tx diversity in TS 38.101-1V18.0.0.

[0501] If the UE supports a power level different from the default UE power level for the frequency band, and the supported power level enables a higher maximum output power than the default power level (= power level 5):

[0502] If the IE P-Max defined in TS 38.331 is provided, and it is set to the maximum output power of the default power level or lower;

[0503] - Apply all requirements for the default power level to the supported power levels and configure the transmit power as follows.

[0504] otherwise;

[0505] - Apply all requirements for the supported power levels and configure the transmit power as follows.

[0506] An example of transmission power configuration for UEs with 2Tx diversity is explained.

[0507] For NR-U UEs that support Tx diversity, the transmit power is configured for each UE.

[0508] The maximum output power P of the configuration specified in Clause 6.2.4 of TS 38.101-1 CMAX,c Lower limit P CMAX_L,c and upper limit P CMAX_H,c The definition will apply to UEs that support Tx diversity, where,

[0509] -P PowerClass UE power rating of NR-U CA

[0510] -ΔP PowerClass for,

[0511] - When applying the default power level requirements, for a UE with power level 3 capability, 3dB;

[0512] Otherwise, 0dB.

[0513] - As specified in Clause 6.2.4 of TS 38.101-1, ΔT C,c ;

[0514] - As specified in Clause 6.2F.2 of TS 38.101-1, MPR c ;

[0515] - As specified in Clause 6.2F.3 of TS 38.101-1, A-MPR c ;

[0516] The maximum output power P of the configuration for measurement of serving cell c UMAX,c It should be within the following limits:

[0517] P CMAX_L,c -MAX{T L ,T LOW (P CMAX_L,c )}≤P UMAX,c ≤P CMAX_H,c +T HIGH (P CMAX_H,c )

[0518] Among them, T LOW (P CMAX_L,c ) and T HIGH (P CMAX_H,c ) is defined as tolerance and applies to P respectively CMAX_L,c and P CMAX_H,c And T L It is the absolute value of the lower tolerance for the applicable operating frequency band in Table 21.

[0519] For NR-U UEs that support Tx diversity, tolerances are specified in Table 25.

[0520] [Table 25]

[0521]

[0522] Table 25 shows the P values ​​for Tx subsets. CMAX,c Example of tolerance. Here, Table 25 is presented as the Pcmax tolerance for NR-U with Tx diversity.

[0523] Based on the examples explained in Cases 1, 2, and 3, the requirements related to transmitter power for shared spectrum channel access are explained. Figure 9 This disclosure explains the operation of the UE, gNB, and / or test equipment based on requirements related to transmitter power for shared spectrum channel access.

[0524] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of this disclosure. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures are for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following figures.

[0525] Figure 9 Examples of operation according to embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0526] Figure 9 Examples of operation of the UE, base station (e.g., gNB), and test equipment are described. The operation involves the transmission power configured for the UE.

[0527] In step S901, the UE can send UE capability information.

[0528] In step S902, the base station may send information to the UE. This information may include information related to power, operating frequency band, and / or modulation.

[0529] In step S903, the UE can apply the configured maximum output power. The UE can determine the transmission power for the transmitted signal based on the configured maximum output power.

[0530] In step S904, the UE may send power-related information to the base station. The power-related information may include P... CMAX,c , and / or pH c PH means power margin.

[0531] In step S905, the UE can send a signal to the test device based on the configured maximum output power.

[0532] In step S906, the test equipment can test the power level requirements supported by the UE. These requirements are based on examples of this disclosure.

[0533] For reference, steps S905 and S906 can be skipped. Alternatively, steps S905 and S906 can be performed before the UE is sold to the user.

[0534] 1) For UEs that support NR-U and are configured with in-band continuous CA, the following description additionally applies. Figure 9 The operation.

[0535] Figure 9 The diagram illustrates the behavior related to the transmission power configuration of the NR-U UE and the requirements for in-band continuous CA testing. In the diagram, the UE can be configured based on supported power levels, MPR... c A-MPR c ,ΔMPRc,ΔTIB,c,ΔTC,c,ΔTRxSRS,P-MPRc,ΔP PowerClass,CAAt least one of the parameters configures the transmission power.

[0536] In step S901, the UE sends UE capability information. The UE capability information may include one or more of ue-PowerClass, PowerClass, intraBandPowerClass, UE-PowerClassPerBandPerBC, TxDiversity, and ulFullPowerMode.

[0537] For example, if the UE communicates based on a single carrier, the terminal can transmit its power class in the form of a per-band power class. In this case, the device transmits "ue-PowerClass". If the UE communicates based on a CA, the device can notify the network of its power class based on the CA power (total power) and per-band power. For example, the UE can transmit "PowerClass" and / or "intraBandPowerClass" in the form of perBandCombination and "ue-PowerClass" in the form of perBand to the network. For example, if a CA based on cc1 and cc2 is established, the UE can transmit the following information: - "PowerClass" per BandCombination (e.g., band A, band B combination) - "intraBandPowerClass" per BandCombination (e.g., band A, band B combination) - "ue-PowerClass" per band A - "ue-PowerClass" per band B. In addition, the UE can also transmit ue-PowerClassPerBandPerBC.

[0538] - "ue-PowerClassPerBandPerBC"perBandperBC (Power of band A for {band A, band B}) If there are "ue-PowerClass" and "ue-PowerClassperBandperBC" power levels for band A, then "ue-PowerClassperBandperBC" will take precedence.

[0539] TxDiversity is information related to whether the Tx antenna port, including the PA, is 1 or 2 (diversity). If the UE supports UL MIMO, then ulFullPowerMode is information related to the full power mode type (Mode-Full, Mode-1, Mode-2).

[0540] The information in step S902 may include one or more of p-Max information, frequency band information, and UL modulation information. The frequency band information may be frequency band information that has been implemented to enable the service.

[0541] For example, the UE can determine (or define) the supported power levels, MPRc, A-MPRc, ΔMPRc, ΔTIB,c, ΔTC,c, ΔTRxSRS, P-MPRc, ΔP PowerClass,CA .

[0542] The maximum output power of the application configuration in step S903 can be P CMAX .

[0543] 2) For UEs that support NR-U and 2Tx diversity, the following descriptions additionally apply. Figure 9 The operation.

[0544] Figure 9 The diagram illustrates the behavior of the configured and measured transmission power for NR-U UEs in 2Tx diversity. In the figure, the UE can be configured based on supported power levels, MPRc, A-MPRc, ΔMPRc, ΔTIB,c, ΔTC,c, ΔTRxSRS, P-MPRc, and ΔP. PowerClass,CA At least one of the parameters configures the transmission power.

[0545] In step S901, the UE sends UE capability information. The UE capability information may include one or more of ue-PowerClass, TxDiversity, and ulFullPowerMode. The frequency band information may be frequency band information that has been implemented to enable service.

[0546] The information in step S902 may include one or more of p-Max information, frequency band information, and UL modulation information. The p-Max information may include P... EMAX,c .

[0547] The UE can determine (or define) the supported power levels, MPRc, A-MPRc, ΔMPRc, ΔTIB,c, ΔTC,c, ΔTRxSRS, P-MPRc, and ΔP. PowerClass,CA .

[0548] The maximum output power of the application configuration in step S903 can be P CMAX,c .

[0549] The following figures are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of this disclosure. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields shown in the figures are for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following figures.

[0550] Figure 10 Examples of operation according to embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0551] in addition, Figure 10 The operations of the UE and base station (e.g., gNB) shown in the examples are merely illustrative. The UE's operations are not limited to... Figure 10 Examples are provided, and the UE and base station can perform the operations described in the various examples in this specification.

[0552] In step S1001, the UE may send UE capability information to the base station. The UE supports shared spectrum channel access (e.g., NR-U). The capability information includes information about the UE supporting power level 3 and information about the UE supporting shared spectrum channel access.

[0553] The UE can send information that the UE supports higher power limits.

[0554] In step S1002, the base station may send downlink signals to the UE. For example, the base station may send downlink signals including one or more of p-Max information, frequency band information, and UL modulation information. The p-Max information may include P... EMAX,c P EMAX,CA The base station can send information related to the in-band CA configured in the UE. The UE can be configured with in-band CA.

[0555] In step S1003, the UE may transmit an uplink signal. According to this disclosure, the UE may determine the transmission power based on the configured maximum output power or the total configured maximum output power.

[0556] The UE is configured to meet transmit power requirements related to the configuration for shared spectrum channel access. These transmit power requirements include those based on ΔP. PowerClass,CA Set the maximum output power requirement for the total configuration within the limits.

[0557] For reference, in accordance with this disclosure, P PowerClass,CA This can refer to the maximum power of the UE relative to the power level for the CA. P PowerClass This can refer to the maximum power of the UE related to its power level. For example, P PowerClass,CA or P PowerClass This refers to the maximum UE power specified in Tables 6.2A.1.1-1, 18, 20, 21, and 24 of 38.101-1, without considering tolerances. For example, ΔP PowerClass,CA This can refer to the difference between the UE's maximum power and the power level associated with the CA. ΔP PowerClass It can refer to the difference between the maximum power of the UE and the power level.

[0558] In this article, the boundary can be: P CMAX_L ≤P CMAX ≤P CMAX_H In this article, P CMAX_L and P CMAX_H Based on ΔP PowerClass,CA of.

[0559] For example, based on the UE supporting power level 3, ΔP PowerClass,CA It can be equal to 3dB.

[0560] For example, based on the requirement that the UE supports power level 3, ΔP, when applying the default power level requirement for shared spectrum channel access. PowerClass,CA Equal to 3dB. ΔP is calculated based on the UE not supporting power level 3 or based on not applying the default power level requirement for shared spectrum channel access. PowerClass,CA It equals 0.

[0561] For example, based on the UE supporting higher power limits, ΔP PowerClass,CA P equal to 0 and included in the bound PowerClass,CA Replaced with 10log 10 ∑p PowerClass,c .

[0562] According to embodiments of this disclosure, requirements related to the transmission power configuration for an NR-U UE configured for in-band continuous CA are explained. For example, the UE may set (or configure) its maximum output power P configured for serving cell c. CMAX,c and the maximum output power P of the overall configuration CMAX MPRc, A-MPRc, and ΔP are defined. PowerClass,CA The applicable rules are defined. The measurement P is defined. CMAX Tolerance.

[0563] According to embodiments of this disclosure, requirements related to the transmission power configuration for an NR-U UE with in-band continuous CA and UL-MIMO are explained. The UE can set its maximum output power P for the configuration of the serving cell c. CMAX,c and the maximum output power P of the overall configuration CMAX MPRc, A-MPRc, and ΔP are defined. PowerClass,CA The applicable rules are defined. The measurement P is defined. CMAX Tolerance.

[0564] According to embodiments of this disclosure, requirements related to the transmission power configuration for NR-U UEs configured for 2Tx diversity are explained. For example, the UE may set (or configure) its maximum output power P configured for serving cell c. CMAX,c and the maximum output power P of the overall configuration CMAXMPRc, A-MPRc, and ΔP are defined. PowerClass,CA The applicable rules are defined. The measurement P is defined. CMAX Tolerance.

[0565] According to embodiments of this disclosure, operations related to transmission power configuration for NR-U UEs with in-band continuous CA are explained.

[0566] According to embodiments of this disclosure, operations related to transmission power configuration for NR-U UEs with 2Tx diversity are explained.

[0567] This instruction manual can have various effects.

[0568] For example, a UE can support in-band continuous CA for shared spectrum channel access. That is, a UE can support 23dBm NR-U CA. Coverage can be extended by defining RF requirements for the UE. Furthermore, UEs supporting in-band continuous CA for shared spectrum channel access can perform communication efficiently and / or accurately.

[0569] The effects that can be obtained from the specific examples of this disclosure are not limited to those listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person skilled in the art can understand or infer from this disclosure. Therefore, the specific effects of this disclosure are not limited to those explicitly set forth herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or inferred from the technical features of this disclosure.

[0570] For reference, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this specification can be achieved through the above... Figures 1 to 4 This is implemented using a device. For example, the terminal (e.g., UE) can be... Figure 2 The first device 100 or the second device 200. For example, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described herein can be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operation of the terminal described herein can be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable code) executable by one or more processors 102 or 202. One or more processors 102 or 202 can control one or more memories 104 or 204 and one or more transceivers 105 or 206, and can perform the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described herein by executing the instructions / programs stored in one or more memories 104 or 204.

[0571] Additionally, instructions for performing operations of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this disclosure may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. Furthermore, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform operations of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this disclosure.

[0572] For reference, the operation of network nodes (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, test equipment, AUSF, etc.) or base stations (e.g., NG-RAN, gNB, eNB, RAN, E-UTRAN, etc.) described in this document can be performed as described below. Figures 1 to 3 This is achieved through devices. For example, a network node or base station could be... Figure 2 First device 100 or Figure 2 The second device 100. For example, the operation of the network node or base station described herein can be processed by one or more processors 102 or 202. The operation of the terminal described herein can be stored in one or more memories 104 or 204 in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable code) executable by one or more processors 102 or 202. One or more processors 102 or 202 can perform the operation of the network node or base station described herein by controlling one or more memories 104 or 204 and one or more transceivers 106 or 206 and executing the instructions / programs stored in one or more memories 104 or 204.

[0573] Additionally, instructions for performing the operations of the network node or base station described in this disclosure may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories 104 or 204. Furthermore, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors 102 or 202 to perform the operations of the network node or base station.

[0574] Preferred embodiments have been described above by way of example, but the present disclosure of this specification is not limited to this specific embodiment, and therefore modifications, changes or improvements can be made.

[0575] In the exemplary system described above, the method is described as a series of steps or blocks based on the flowchart, but is not limited to the order of the described steps, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with the other steps described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps shown in the flowchart are not exclusive and may include other steps, or one or more steps of the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of permissions.

[0576] The claims described herein can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification can be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification can be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the device claims of this specification can be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the device claims of this specification can be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, which stores instructions and is operatively electrically connectable to the at least one processor. The operations performed based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor include: Send capability information to the base station; and Uplink signals are transmitted based on transmission power. The UE supports shared spectrum channel access. The UE is configured for in-band continuous carrier aggregation (CA). The at least one transceiver is configured to meet requirements related to the transmit power configuration for the shared spectrum channel access. The requirements related to the transmit power of the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access include the following: the total maximum output power of the configuration must be set within the limit of the difference between the maximum power related to the power level of the UE and the power level of the CA. Wherein, based on the UE supporting power level 3, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for CA is equal to 3dB.

2. The UE according to claim 1, in, Based on the requirement that the UE supports power level 3 when applying the default power level for the shared spectrum channel access, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for CA and the power level is equal to 3 dB. Wherein, based on the requirement of the power level supported by the application for the shared spectrum channel access, the UE supports power level 3, and the difference between the maximum power of the UE and the power level related to the CA is equal to 0.

3. The UE according to claim 1, wherein, The operation also includes: The transmission power is determined based on the configured transmission power.

4. The UE according to claim 1, in, The capability information includes information that the UE supports power level 3 or power level 5 and information that the UE supports shared spectrum channel access.

5. The UE according to claim 1, wherein, The operation also includes: Send information that the UE supports higher power limits. Wherein, based on the UE supporting the higher power limit, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for the CA is equal to 0, and the limit includes P PowerClass，CA Replaced with 10log 10 ∑p PowerClass，c .

6. The UE according to claim 1, in, The boundary is: P CMAX_L ≤P CMAX ≤P CMAX_H ,and Among them, P CMAX_L and P CMAX_H It is based on the difference between the maximum power of the UE and the power level associated with the CA.

7. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a user equipment (UE) and comprising the following steps: Send capability information to the base station; as well as Uplink signals are transmitted based on transmission power. The UE supports shared spectrum channel access. The UE is configured for in-band continuous carrier aggregation (CA). In this configuration, at least one transceiver is configured to meet transmit power requirements related to the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access. The requirements related to the transmit power of the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access include the following: the total maximum output power of the configuration must be set within the limit of the difference between the maximum power related to the power level of the UE and the power level of the CA. Wherein, based on the UE supporting power level 3, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for CA is equal to 3dB.

8. The method according to claim 7, in, Based on the requirement that the UE supports power level 3 when applying the default power level for the shared spectrum channel access, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for CA and the power level is equal to 3 dB. Wherein, based on the requirement that the UE does not support power level 3 when applying the default power level requirement for the shared spectrum channel access, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for the CA is equal to 0.

9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the following step: Send information that the UE supports higher power limits. Wherein, based on the UE supporting the higher power limit, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for the CA is equal to 0, and the limit includes P PowerClass，CA Replaced with 10log 10 ∑p PowerClass，c .

10. A device for performing communication, the device comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory storing instructions operatively electrically connected to the at least one processor, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to perform operations including: Send capability information to the base station; and Uplink signals are transmitted based on transmission power. The UE supports shared spectrum channel access. The UE is configured for in-band continuous carrier aggregation (CA). In this configuration, at least one transceiver is configured to meet transmit power requirements related to the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access. The requirements related to the transmit power of the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access include the following: the total maximum output power of the configuration must be set within the limit of the difference between the maximum power related to the power level of the UE and the power level of the CA. Wherein, based on the UE supporting power level 3, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for CA is equal to 3dB.

11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for recording instructions, in, The instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations including: Send capability information to the base station; and Uplink signals are transmitted based on transmission power. The UE supports shared spectrum channel access. The UE is configured for in-band continuous carrier aggregation (CA). In this configuration, at least one transceiver is configured to meet transmit power requirements related to the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access. The requirements related to the transmit power of the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access include the following: the total maximum output power of the configuration must be set within the limit of the difference between the maximum power related to the power level of the UE and the power level of the CA. Wherein, based on the UE supporting power level 3, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for CA is equal to 3dB.

12. A method for performing communication, the method being performed by a base station and comprising the following steps: Receive capability information from the user equipment (UE); as well as Receive uplink signals based on transmission power from the UE. The UE supports shared spectrum channel access. The UE is configured for in-band continuous carrier aggregation (CA). In this configuration, at least one transceiver is configured to meet transmit power requirements related to the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access. The requirements related to the transmit power of the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access include the following: the total maximum output power of the configuration must be set within the limit of the difference between the maximum power related to the power level of the UE and the power level of the CA. Wherein, based on the UE supporting power level 3, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for CA is equal to 3dB.

13. The method according to claim 12, in, The capability information includes information about the UE supporting power level 3 and information about the UE supporting shared spectrum channel access.

14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising the following step: Receive information that the UE supports higher power limits. Wherein, based on the UE supporting the higher power limit, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for the CA is equal to 0, and the limit includes P PowerClass，CA Replaced with 10log 10 ∑p PowerClass，c .

15. A base station configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the base station comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, which stores instructions and is operatively electrically connectable to the at least one processor. The operations performed based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor include: Receive capability information from the user equipment (UE); and Receive uplink signals based on transmission power from the UE. The UE supports shared spectrum channel access. The UE is configured for in-band continuous carrier aggregation (CA). The at least one transceiver is configured to meet requirements related to the transmit power configuration for the shared spectrum channel access. The requirements related to the transmit power of the configuration for the shared spectrum channel access include the following: the total maximum output power of the configuration must be set within the limit of the difference between the maximum power related to the power level of the UE and the power level of the CA. Wherein, based on the UE supporting power level 3, the difference between the UE's maximum power related to the power level for CA is equal to 3dB.

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