Novel pond ecological circulating culture method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture and ecological environment management, and discloses a novel pond ecological circulation culture method which comprises the steps that a pond is divided into four vertical functional areas including an upper-layer floating bed planting area, a middle-layer net cage culture area, a bottom-layer benthic purification area and a microbial conversion area, a water circulation system is arranged in a matched mode, the area needed by pond site selection is 3000-4000 m, and the water depth is 3.0-3.5 m. The water quality is automatically controlled through a sensor containing dissolved oxygen and the like, and the biological monitoring module is automatically controlled through a high-definition camera and an AI to acquire data in real time, trigger oxygenation, move the net cage and the like; mixed feeding of'basal feed and insect protein ', cross-season crop rotation of floating bed crops and batch harvesting of benthic organisms are performed daily, equipment is maintained regularly, and ecological circulating breeding is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aquaculture and ecological environment management, in particular to a novel pond ecological cyclic breeding method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the existing "net cage-pond" coupled breeding technology has the following core problems: material circulation fault: relying on floating bed plants and filter-feeding fish for purification, only part of the residual feed and fish feces is utilized, and the accumulation of organic debris in the bottom layer can easily cause bottom deterioration, such as excessive sulfide and abnormal pH; waste of three-dimensional space: only the middle layer net cage breeding area and the upper layer floating bed purification area are divided, and the ecological niche of the bottom water and sediment is not developed, and the utilization rate of the pond space is less than 60%; single purification chain: lacking of microbial collaborative purification link, high concentration of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) is only absorbed by plants, and the purification efficiency is significantly affected by seasons, such as more than 50% decrease in purification capacity after the plants wither in winter; single product type: only fish and single crops such as rice and vegetables are produced, and the organic waste is not resourceized and added value, and the comprehensive breeding income is low. To solve the above problems, the present application proposes an innovative scheme of "vertical zoning, material closed loop and intelligent control", which fills the gap in the existing technology. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the present application proposes a novel pond ecological cyclic breeding method, aiming to solve the problems of material circulation fault, waste of three-dimensional space, single purification chain, and single product type in the current technology.

[0004] A novel pond ecological cyclic breeding method, the method comprises: Pond site selection and reconstruction: the pond is divided into four vertical functional areas, i.e. an upper layer floating bed planting area, a middle layer net cage breeding area, a bottom layer benthic purification area, and a microbial transformation zone, and a water circulation system connecting the bottom water, the microbial transformation zone and the upper layer floating bed area; Intelligent control: real-time data acquisition through water quality monitoring module and biological monitoring module, automatic control actions such as oxygenation, net cage movement and cooling are triggered according to preset threshold values; Daily management: mixed feeding of "basic feed and insect protein", cross-season crop rotation of floating bed crops, batch harvesting of benthic organisms, and regular maintenance of equipment.

[0005] Further, the pond site selection requires an area of 3000-4000m 2 , a water depth of 3.0-3.5m, a water source of non-polluted fresh water, and a pond bottom of clay soil containing a gentle slope with a slope of 1:2.5.

[0006] Further, the area proportion of the four vertical functional areas is: the upper layer floating bed planting area 25-30%, the middle layer net cage breeding area 7-9%, the bottom layer benthic purification area 55-60%, and the microbial conversion zone 6-8%.

[0007] Further, the water circulation system comprises two circulating pumps, one connecting the bottom layer water body to the microbial conversion zone, and the other connecting the water outlet of the microbial conversion zone to the upper layer floating bed area, forming a vertical circulation with a cycle of 8h / time; the water circulation system also comprises a siphon effect driven by water level difference, periodically forming an anaerobic-aerobic alternating environment.

[0008] Further, the upper layer floating bed planting area is configured with four groups of floating beds dedicated to different seasons, the floating bed material is high-density polyethylene with a thickness of 5mm, the hole distance is 20cm, and a fixed cup with a capacity of 500mL is matched; the upper layer floating bed planting area is initially planted with crops corresponding to the season, rice in spring, water celery in summer, hollow stem lettuce in autumn, and goldfish algae in winter.

[0009] Further, the middle layer net cage breeding area adopts a lifting type polyethylene net cage with specifications of 3m×2m×1.5m and a mesh size of 0.8cm, the net cage spacing is 2.2-2.5m, the net cage bottom is suspended with a diameter of 15cm, and the biological floating ball carrier is filled with polyurethane sponge, with 15-20 in each cage; the middle layer net cage breeding area breeds crucian carp and sea bass.

[0010] Further, the bottom layer benthic purification area is paved with a 10-15cm thick substrate mixed with 2-3mm shell sand and 1-2mm zeolite in a mass ratio of 1:1, and a bottom substrate aeration device is arranged; the bottom layer benthic purification area is planted with triangle paddle mussel, river snail, and green shrimp, which are immersed in 3% salt water for 5 minutes before planting.

[0011] Further, the microbial conversion zone is a 1.2m deep brick-concrete structure treatment pool, matched with a spray cooling device and a 30cm high black soldier fly breeding rack.

[0012] Further, the specific configuration of the intelligent control is: the water quality monitoring module comprises five water quality sensors of dissolved oxygen, TN, TP, pH and water temperature uniformly arranged in the pond, with a data acquisition frequency of 30 minutes / time; the biological monitoring module comprises a 1080P high-definition camera installed above each net cage, which identifies fish density and feeding state through AI algorithm, and transmits data to a cloud management platform; the automatic control action includes increasing the dissolved oxygen content by the microporous oxygenation machine in the middle layer net cage breeding area and the bottom substrate aeration device, moving the net cage, spraying cooling treatment according to the temperature of the breeding pond, and adjusting the feeding amount according to the feeding time of the fish group.

[0013] Further, the feeding management is to mix and feed the basic compound feed with a crude protein content of 32%-35% and black soldier fly larvae at a ratio of 85:15; the crop rotation period of the floating bed crops in the cross-season crop rotation is 4-9 months for rice, 6-10 months for water celery, 9-12 months for swamp cabbage, and 11-3 months of next year for Ceratophyllum; the floating bed is disinfected once every quarter after harvest with 5% lime water; the benthic organism management is to clean the bottom layer of residual feed every two months and to harvest the Hyriopsis cumingii, river snails and freshwater shrimps in batches; and the equipment maintenance is to calibrate the water quality sensor once a month, to clean the water circulation pump once every two weeks, and to overhaul the aeration device once every quarter and replace damaged parts.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: In the novel pond ecological cycle breeding method of the present application, a closed loop process of residual feed / feces→benthic organism filtering→microorganism decomposition→crop absorption→insect conversion is formed, heavy metals are adsorbed by the substrate of bottom layer shell sand and zeolite, 100% resource utilization of organic waste is achieved, and water change is not required during the breeding period, which meets the "zero discharge" environmental protection requirement.

[0015] The present application can provide multi-category agricultural products of fish-vegetable-mussel-shrimp, meet the diversified market demand, and the black soldier fly is derived from the conversion of organic waste, without additional cost, the "basic feed and black soldier fly larvae" are mixed and fed during feeding, so as to reduce the breeding cost and improve the resource utilization efficiency.

[0016] The present application maximizes the utilization of pond space, fills the ecological niche blank of the prior art, maintains the stability of the ecological system, and effectively improves the risk resistance.

[0017] The prior art only relies on single purification of plants, and the removal rates of TN and TP are greatly affected by seasons, the removal rates of TN and TP of the present application are improved compared with the prior art, and the content of sulfide in the bottom layer is reduced.

[0018] The present application has standardized parameters, intelligent manual replacement, reduces the operation complexity, has strong technical replicability, and is suitable for popularization in the freshwater breeding area, and drives the farmers to increase income. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the present application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the terms described in the present application are only for describing the particular embodiments, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0020] Furthermore, regarding the numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included within this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0021] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0022] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0023] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0024] This invention provides a novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method, the method being: Pond site selection and renovation: The pond is divided into four vertical functional zones: upper floating bed planting area, middle net cage culture area, bottom benthic purification area, and microbial transformation zone, as well as a water circulation system connecting the bottom water body, microbial transformation zone and upper floating bed area; Intelligent control: Data is collected in real time through water quality monitoring module and biological monitoring module, and automatic control actions such as oxygenation, cage movement and cooling are triggered according to preset thresholds; Routine management includes implementing a mixed feeding system of "basic feed and insect protein", seasonal rotation of floating bed crops, phased harvesting of benthic organisms, and regular equipment maintenance.

[0025] The pond site selection requirements described in this invention are: an area of ​​3000-4000 m². 2 The water depth is 3.0-3.5m, the water source is unpolluted fresh water, and the bottom of the pool is clay loam soil with a gentle slope of 1:2.5.

[0026] In this invention, the pond is located with a clay bottom to ensure water stability, prevent leakage and water quality fluctuations, provide a stable bottom environment, create a benthic organism and substrate layout, promote microbial attachment, and enhance material cycling efficiency. The pond bottom has a gentle slope design of 1:2.5, meaning that for every 2.5m horizontal extension, the vertical height decreases by 1m. This allows bottom mud and uneaten food to naturally settle towards the center of the pond bottom, optimizing dredging operations, preventing bottom deterioration, improving water circulation efficiency, ensuring synergy among functional areas, and enhancing the structural safety of the pond to resist environmental disturbances. The synergistic effect of these two factors supports the stable operation of the three-dimensional closed-loop system. The "water retention, bottom stability, and microbial promotion" characteristics of the clay loam soil complement the "easy dredging, high water circulation, and strong structure" advantages of the 1:2.5 slope, jointly ensuring the biological activity of the bottom benthic area, the efficient transformation of bottom mud and microorganisms and the floating bed, and the convenience and low cost of daily management.

[0027] The preferred area ratio of the four vertical functional zones in this invention is: upper floating bed planting zone 25-30%, middle net cage aquaculture zone 7-9%, bottom benthic purification zone 55-60%, and microbial conversion zone 6-8%. More preferably, the upper floating bed planting zone 25-27%, middle net cage aquaculture zone 8-9%, bottom benthic purification zone 57-60%, and microbial conversion zone 7-8%.

[0028] The water circulation system of the present invention includes two circulation pumps, one of which connects the bottom water body to the microbial conversion zone, and the other connects the outlet water of the microbial conversion zone to the upper floating bed area, forming a vertical circulation with a circulation cycle of 8 hours / cycle; the water circulation system also includes a siphon effect driven by water level difference to periodically form an anaerobic-aerobic alternating environment.

[0029] The upper floating bed planting area of ​​this invention is equipped with four sets of floating beds for different seasons. The floating bed material is high-density polyethylene with a thickness of 5mm and a hole spacing of 20cm. It is equipped with a fixed cup with a capacity of 500mL. The crops planted in the upper floating bed planting area correspond to the crops planted at the beginning of the season: rice in spring, water celery in summer, water spinach in autumn, and goldfish algae in winter.

[0030] The upper floating bed planting area of ​​this invention selects rice in spring, water celery in summer, water spinach in autumn, and goldfish algae in winter. This reasonable allocation is based on seasonal temperature changes, which can ensure the normal growth and output of crops, as well as purify nitrogen and phosphorus and reduce water pollution. In addition, the floating bed hole spacing is selected as 20cm, and organic fertilizer is added to the bottom mud of the fixed cup to provide sufficient light and nutrient environment for crop growth and planting.

[0031] The intermediate-level cage aquaculture area of ​​this invention uses liftable polyethylene cages with specifications of 3m×2m×1.5m and mesh size of 0.8cm. The cage spacing is 2.2~2.5m. Biological floating ball carriers with a diameter of 15cm and filled with polyurethane sponge are suspended at the bottom of the cage, with 15~20 carriers per cage. Crucian carp and perch are raised in the intermediate-level cage aquaculture area.

[0032] This invention involves suspending a bio-floating ball carrier at the bottom of the net cage. The bio-floating ball carrier has a diameter of 15 cm, is filled with polyurethane sponge, and inoculated with nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. The inoculation mass ratio of nitrifying bacteria to denitrifying bacteria is 5-8:3-7. The diameter of the bio-floating ball carrier is sufficient to support the nitrifying / denitrifying bacterial community, meeting the nitrogen and phosphorus degradation requirements of the middle layer of water. Filling with polyurethane sponge provides a stable habitat for microorganisms, absorbs pollutants in the middle layer, and is durable enough to adapt to the aquaculture cycle. Inoculating with nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria is to achieve "efficient denitrification of the middle layer of water and block the downward migration of nitrogen." Nitrifying bacteria are aerobic bacteria that can convert toxic ammonia nitrogen into harmless nitrate, while denitrifying bacteria are anaerobic bacteria that convert nitrate into nitrogen gas and release it, thus completely denitrifying. The metabolic processes of both bacteria absorb soluble phosphate in the water, and the organic particulate phosphorus adsorbed by the sponge is fixed as the bacteria degrade, indirectly reducing the total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the middle layer of water and reducing the purification pressure on the upper floating bed.

[0033] In the mid-level net cage culture area described in this invention, crucian carp and perch are cultured. On the one hand, crucian carp and perch are high-yield fish and grow rapidly. Among them, crucian carp is the main fish cultured, with a stocking density of 2200 fish / 667m³. 2 The sea bass are raised in a polyculture system, with a stocking density of 50 fish per 667m². 2 The ratio of crucian carp to bass in the net cages is 44:1, which avoids cannibalism and, while efficiently raising fish, also degrades nitrogen and phosphorus in the middle layer of water.

[0034] The bottom-floor benthic purification zone of this invention is laid with a substrate of 10-15cm thick, consisting of shell sand with a particle size of 2-3mm and zeolite with a particle size of 1-2mm mixed in a 1:1 mass ratio, and a bottom sediment aeration device is installed. Triangular sail mussels, snails, and freshwater shrimp are introduced into the bottom-floor benthic purification zone and soaked in 3% saline solution for 5 minutes before introduction.

[0035] The microbial transformation zone described in this invention is a brick-concrete structure treatment tank with a depth of 1.2m, equipped with a spray cooling device and a black soldier fly breeding rack with a height of 30cm.

[0036] This invention adds black soldier fly larvae, EM (Effective Microorganisms) agents, and photosynthetic bacteria to the microbial transformation zone. These black soldier fly larvae, EM agents, and photosynthetic bacteria can decompose uneaten feed and feces and produce insect protein. The black soldier fly larvae can efficiently consume all types of organic waste generated by the pond system, including uneaten feed from the middle layer of net cages, fish feces, crop residues from the upper floating bed, and a small amount of organic debris from the bottom mud. No sorting is required, and the degradation cycle is short, rapidly reducing waste accumulation, avoiding odors and secondary pollution. Furthermore, the black soldier fly larvae can grow normally in a high-humidity, high-nitrogen environment for a long time, achieving stable growth and production. The feed consists of a mixture of "basic feed and black soldier fly larvae," fed three times a day (morning, noon, and evening), with the feeding amount accounting for 3%-4% of the fish's body weight. The black soldier fly larvae replace 15% of the basic feed, reducing the amount of basic feed required, lowering costs, and making better use of space. The black soldier fly larvae are 500g / 2 The EM bacteria are applied once a week. This invention does not impose specific limitations on the amount of photosynthetic bacteria used; the amount and form of the bacteria can be determined according to actual needs.

[0037] The specific configuration of the intelligent control described in this invention is as follows: the water quality monitoring module includes five water quality sensors evenly distributed in the pond: dissolved oxygen, TN, TP, pH, and water temperature, with a data acquisition frequency of 30 minutes / time; the biological monitoring module includes a 1080P high-definition camera installed above each net cage, which uses AI algorithms to identify fish density and feeding status, and transmits the data to a cloud management platform; the automatic control actions include increasing dissolved oxygen content with microporous aerators in the middle layer net cage culture area and bottom sediment aeration devices, moving net cages, spraying to cool down the culture pond according to the temperature, and adjusting the feeding amount according to the feeding time of the fish.

[0038] The feeding management described in this invention involves mixing a basic compound feed with a crude protein content of 32%~35% with black soldier fly larvae at a ratio of 85:15. The crop rotation cycle for the floating bed crops is: rice from April to September, water celery from June to October, water spinach from September to December, and hornwort from November to March of the following year. After harvest, the floating bed is disinfected quarterly with 5% quicklime water. Benthic management involves cleaning the bottom with a benthic rake every two months and harvesting triangular sail mussels, snails, and freshwater shrimp in batches. Equipment maintenance includes calibrating the water quality sensor monthly, cleaning the water circulation pump every two weeks, and overhauling the aeration device quarterly and replacing damaged parts.

[0039] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, all raw materials required for preparation are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

[0040] Example Pond site selection: Four standardized ponds meeting technical requirements were selected, with a total area of ​​3000m². 2The average water depth is 3.2m, the maximum water depth is 3.5m, the bottom of the pond is clay loam with a slope of 1:2.5, the water source is groundwater (compliant with GB11607-2000 Fishery Water Quality Standard), dissolved oxygen is 2.6-2.8mg / L, pH is 7.1-7.2, and water temperature is 10.6-11.8℃.

[0041] Preliminary renovation: Remove weeds and silt from the bottom of the pool (retaining a 10cm thick layer of bottom mud), compact and reinforce the pool walls, and excavate drainage ditches around the perimeter (0.8m wide and 0.5m deep) to prevent rainwater backflow.

[0042] (1) Upper floating bed planting area Floating bed: High-density polyethylene floating board with a thickness of 5mm is used. The size of a single board is 3m×1.5m, the hole spacing is 20cm, and each board has 86 holes. It is equipped with 500mL plastic positioning cups with holes drilled in the bottom and side walls and a hole diameter of 0.5cm. The floating boards are connected with cable ties, and the edges are fixed to the pond bank posts with nylon ropes. A 0.5m wide management channel is reserved. The culture medium consists of pond bottom mud and organic fertilizer in a 3:1 mass ratio, with 400 mL filled into each cup to ensure the substrate is compacted and not loose.

[0043] Seasonal floating bed crop cultivation: Spring (April-May): Plant 3 rice seedlings (15cm tall) per cup, at a density of 3 seedlings / hole, ensuring roots penetrate 5cm into the substrate, and water thoroughly. Summer (June-September): After rice harvest, plant water celery, 5 seedlings per cup, harvest when seedlings reach 30cm in height, retaining 5cm at the base, and apply 50g / cup of organic fertilizer after each harvest. Autumn (October-November): After water celery harvest, plant 15cm long water spinach cuttings, 5 seedlings per cup, maintaining a water transparency of 30cm to avoid insufficient light. From December to March of the following year, introduce goldfish algae, which does not require fertilization, relying on water nutrients for growth and playing a role in water purification during winter.

[0044] (2) Mid-level cage aquaculture area Cage configuration: 30 liftable polyethylene cages are set up, each with dimensions of 3m×2m×1.5m and a mesh size of 0.8cm. The cage frame is welded with steel pipes, and the cages are spaced 2.2m apart and arranged evenly in "5 rows and 6 columns". Purification accessories: 18 polyurethane sponges (15cm in diameter) suspended at the bottom of each net cage, inoculated with nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, with a bacterial agent concentration of 10. 10 The bio-buoy carrier has a CFU / g capacity and is fixed by nylon ropes at a distance of 0.3m from the bottom of the net cage to avoid contact with the underlying substrate.

[0045] Aquaculture equipment: Each net cage is equipped with a fully automatic feeder with a feeding range of 1.5m. The feed is a mixture of feed with 32% crude protein and fresh black soldier fly larvae at a ratio of 85:15. The black soldier fly larvae are harvested from the microbial transformation zone once every 7 days, with each harvest not exceeding 30% of the total amount. Feeding is done three times a day at 8:00, 12:00, and 18:00, with the amount of feed being 3%-4% of the total fish weight. The feeding is adjusted through AI feeding monitoring. If the feeding time is less than 15 minutes, the feeding amount is increased by 5% the next day; if the feeding time is more than 30 minutes, the feeding amount is reduced by 10%. Two 1.5kW microporous aerators are installed around the pond.

[0046] Spring stocking: 1000 crucian carp (50g / fish) were stocked at a density of 2200 fish / 667m². 2 The sea bass are 100g each, totaling 22, with a density of 50 fish per 667m³. 2 Before placement, disinfect by soaking in 3% saline solution for 5 minutes, and place in separate boxes according to a ratio of "44:1".

[0047] (3) Benthic purification zone Substrate modification: Lay a mixed substrate of shell sand with a particle size of 2-3mm and zeolite with a particle size of 1-2mm throughout the entire area, with a thickness of 12cm. Before laying the substrate, soak it in 3% saline solution for 24 hours for disinfection, let it dry, spread it evenly, and level it with a scraper to ensure that the substrate is in close contact with the clay loam soil at the bottom of the pool.

[0048] Aeration device: Microporous aeration discs are evenly distributed along the bottom of the pool, every 10m 2 One unit is set up and connected to two 3kW high-pressure vortex blowers on the shore. The blowers are linked with the water quality sensor and the threshold is set to automatically turn on when dissolved oxygen is <5mg / L.

[0049] Bottom-dwelling stocking: 9000 triangular sail mussels (30g each) were stocked at a density of 5 mussels / m². 2 The snails are 10g each, totaling 14,400, with a density of 8 snails / m³. 2 The shrimp are 2g each, totaling 18,000, with a density of 10 shrimp / m³. 2 Clams and snails are evenly scattered on the bottom substrate, and prawns are released along the shallow water area at the edge of the pond.

[0050] (4) Microbial transformation zone Structural design: A brick-concrete treatment pond with a length of 15m, a width of 14m, and a depth of 1.2m is constructed on the north bank of the pond. Three layers of black soldier fly breeding racks with a height of 30cm are built inside the pond, with plastic trays laid on each layer. A spray cooling device is installed on the top of the pond with a spray rate of 5L / min and a threshold set to automatically turn on when the temperature is >30℃. Auxiliary equipment: A small crusher is installed in the pool to process floating bed crop residues with a crushing particle size ≤5mm. A sewage pump pumps the bottom water of the pond to the treatment pool to replenish the water. A 100L storage tank for storing EM bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria is also provided.

[0051] Microbial transformation zone release: Black soldier fly larvae were released at a size of 0.5g / larvae, totaling 105kg, at a density of 500g / m². 2 Spread evenly on the breeding rack trays, simultaneously applying 0.5 kg / 667m³. 2 Effective viable bacteria count 10 10 The standard for applying EM bacterial agent is CFU / g.

[0052] (5) Intelligent control system Monitoring module: Five water quality sensors for dissolved oxygen, TN, TP, pH, and water temperature are evenly installed in each pond, with a data collection frequency of 30 minutes / time. A high-definition camera is installed above the net cage, and the fish density and feeding status are identified through AI algorithms. The data results are transmitted to the cloud management platform in real time. Control module: Connects to aerator, spray device, sewage pump, and automatic feeder, and adjusts the system by comparing monitoring data with thresholds.

[0053] (6) Daily management Floating bed crops: After each season's crop harvest, the residue is crushed to a particle size ≤5mm and then put into the microbial transformation zone. The floating bed is disinfected by spraying with 5% quicklime water once after each season's harvest. When the goldfish algae grows too vigorously in winter, some of it is manually harvested, leaving 50% of the total amount to avoid clogging the water circulation. Benthic organisms: Harvest 30% of the three-sail mussels when they grow to 200g / each; harvest 30% of the snails when they grow to 50g / each; harvest 60%-70% of the total number of shrimp when they grow to 5g / each. After harvesting, replenish the seedlings of the same size in a timely manner to maintain the density. Equipment maintenance: On the 1st of each month, use a standard solution to calibrate dissolved oxygen and pH once, and replace the equipment promptly if any data deviation is found; clean the camera lens every two weeks to prevent algae from affecting recognition; check the pump and aeration disc every two weeks, clean impurities from the pump and replace any damaged aeration discs; unclog the nozzles of the microbial conversion belt spray device once a month to prevent blockage.

[0054] The four ponds were divided into an experimental group and a control group: Two ponds were used in the experimental group and two ponds were used in the control group. The two experimental ponds were divided into different vertical functional zones with different area proportions: one group had an upper floating bed planting area of ​​27%, a middle net cage culture area of ​​8%, a bottom benthic purification area of ​​57%, and a microbial transformation zone of 8%; the other group had an upper floating bed planting area of ​​25%, a middle net cage culture area of ​​9%, a bottom benthic purification area of ​​59%, and a microbial transformation zone of 7%. The two control ponds were cultured in the traditional net cage method. Their feeding and water circulation operations were the same as those in the experimental group, and the remaining operations were still carried out in the traditional net cage culture method.

[0055] The water quality of the experimental group and the control group was tested, and the water quality indicators of the experimental group were better than those of the control group, as shown in Table 1: Table 1. Water quality indicators for the experimental and control groups.

[0056] No water was changed during the breeding period; only water was replenished due to evaporation and seepage (cumulative 1.2m), resulting in a 100% water saving rate. The discharged water quality met the Class I standard of "SC / T9101-2007 Freshwater Pond Aquaculture Water Discharge Requirements".

[0057] In summary, compared to traditional cage aquaculture, the novel ecological circular aquaculture method of this invention ensures that all organic waste such as uneaten feed, feces, and crop residues enter the microbial transformation zone, achieving a 100% resource utilization rate. There is no external discharge of solid waste, expanding the variety of output products, increasing yield per unit area, reducing aquaculture costs, improving resource utilization efficiency, maximizing pond space utilization, filling the ecological niche gap in existing technologies, and significantly improving water quality. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and bottom sulfides are reduced by more than 57%, while dissolved oxygen content is greatly increased to over 61%. Furthermore, standardized parameters and intelligent automation replace manual processes, reducing operational complexity. The technology is highly replicable and suitable for promotion in freshwater aquaculture areas, thereby increasing farmers' income.

[0058] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the appended claims.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method, characterized in that, The method is as follows: Pond site selection and renovation: The pond is divided into four vertical functional zones: upper floating bed planting area, middle net cage culture area, bottom benthic purification area, and microbial transformation zone, as well as a water circulation system connecting the bottom water body, microbial transformation zone and upper floating bed area; Intelligent control: Data is collected in real time through water quality monitoring module and biological monitoring module, and automatic control actions such as oxygenation, cage movement and cooling are triggered according to preset thresholds; Routine management: Implement mixed feeding of "basic feed and insect protein", seasonal rotation of floating bed crops, phased harvesting of benthic organisms and regular equipment maintenance.

2. The novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The required site selection for the pond is: an area of ​​3000-4000 m². 2 The water depth is 3.0-3.5m, the water source is unpolluted fresh water, and the bottom of the pool is clay loam soil with a gentle slope of 1:2.

5.

3. The novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area proportions of the four vertical functional zones are as follows: upper floating bed planting area 25-30%, middle cage aquaculture area 7-9%, bottom benthic purification area 55-60%, and microbial transformation zone 6-8%.

4. The novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water circulation system includes two circulation pumps, one of which connects the bottom water body to the microbial conversion zone, and the other connects the outlet water from the microbial conversion zone to the upper floating bed area, forming a vertical circulation with a circulation cycle of 8 hours / cycle. The water circulation system also includes a siphon effect driven by water level difference, which periodically forms an alternating anaerobic-aerobic environment.

5. The novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper floating bed planting area is equipped with four sets of floating beds for different seasons. The floating beds are made of 5mm thick high-density polyethylene with a hole spacing of 20cm and are equipped with 500mL fixed cups. The crops planted in the upper floating bed planting area correspond to the beginning of the season: rice in spring, water celery in summer, water spinach in autumn, and goldfish algae in winter.

6. The novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The middle-layer cage aquaculture area uses liftable polyethylene cages with specifications of 3m×2m×1.5m and mesh size of 0.8cm. The cage spacing is 2.2-2.5m. Biological float carriers with a diameter of 15cm and filled with polyurethane sponge are suspended at the bottom of the cage, with 15-20 carriers per cage. Crucian carp and perch are raised in the middle-layer cage aquaculture area.

7. The novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom-dwelling purification zone is laid with a 10-15cm thick substrate of "shell sand with a particle size of 2-3mm and zeolite with a particle size of 1-2mm" mixed in a 1:1 mass ratio, and a bottom sediment aeration device is installed; triangular sail mussels, snails, and freshwater shrimp are introduced into the bottom-dwelling purification zone and soaked in 3% saline solution for 5 minutes before introduction.

8. The novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial transformation zone is a brick-concrete structure treatment pool with a depth of 1.2m, equipped with a spray cooling device and a black soldier fly breeding rack with a height of 30cm.

9. The novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific configuration of the intelligent control is as follows: the water quality monitoring module includes five water quality sensors evenly distributed in the pond: dissolved oxygen, TN, TP, pH, and water temperature, with a data acquisition frequency of 30 minutes / time; the biological monitoring module includes a 1080P high-definition camera installed above each net cage, which uses AI algorithms to identify fish density and feeding status, and transmits the data to the cloud management platform; the automatic control actions include increasing dissolved oxygen content with microporous aerators in the middle layer net cage culture area and bottom sediment aeration devices, moving net cages, spraying to cool down the culture pond according to the temperature, and adjusting the feeding amount according to the feeding time of the fish.

10. The novel pond ecological circular aquaculture method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding management involves mixing a basic compound feed with a crude protein content of 32%-35% with black soldier fly larvae at a ratio of 85:

15. The crop rotation cycle for the floating bed crops is rice from April to September, water celery from June to October, water spinach from September to December, and hornwort from November to March of the following year. After harvest, the floating bed is disinfected with 5% quicklime water once per quarter. The benthic management involves cleaning the bottom of the bed with a benthic rake every two months and harvesting triangular sail mussels, snails, and freshwater shrimp in batches. The equipment maintenance involves calibrating the water quality sensor once a month, cleaning the water circulation pump every two weeks, and overhauling the aeration device once a quarter and replacing damaged parts.

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