Remote electronic detonator wireless communication control method

Abstract

According to the remote electronic detonator wireless communication control method provided by the invention, by integrating GPS / NTP high-precision time synchronization, frequency hopping anti-interference and instruction verification retransmission mechanisms, the transmission reliability and detonation precision in a complex environment are remarkably improved. Tests show that the system supports 5000-meter long-distance communication, the time synchronization error is lower than 2 ms, and the multi-detonator synchronous detonation success rate exceeds 90%. And meanwhile, the endurance of the detonator reaches 30 days due to the low-power-consumption design, and real-time monitoring and fault early warning are realized through state feedback. The scheme solves the problems of limited communication, weak anti-interference capability and insufficient intelligence in the traditional technology, is suitable for complex scenes of mines and capital construction, has high safety and economical efficiency, and provides an efficient and reliable technical path for remote control of the electronic detonator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic detonator control technology, and more specifically, to a long-distance wireless communication control method for electronic detonators. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic detonators, as an important technology in the field of civilian blasting, achieve precise control of detonation time through electronic control modules, offering higher safety and reliability compared to traditional gunpowder detonators. However, existing electronic detonator control technology still has many limitations in terms of remote control, intelligence, and adaptability to complex environments: The main drawbacks of existing technologies are: Traditional electronic detonators mostly use wired or short-range wireless communication, with a communication distance typically not exceeding 1000 meters, making it difficult to meet the remote control requirements of complex terrains (such as mountainous areas and mining areas). They lack optimized design for long-distance communication, resulting in severe signal attenuation and a high error rate. In environments with strong electromagnetic interference, traditional wireless communication technology is susceptible to interference, leading to command loss or false triggering. They lack adaptive spectrum hopping or anti-interference coding technology, failing to guarantee stable communication in complex environments. Traditional electronic detonators mostly rely on local clocks or simple synchronization protocols, with time synchronization errors on the order of seconds, making it difficult to achieve millisecond-level synchronized detonation of multiple detonators. They lack high-precision time synchronization technology, failing to meet the requirements for precise blasting.

[0003] Existing technologies mostly employ a single command transmission mode, lacking command verification, retransmission mechanisms, and exception handling functions, resulting in a high risk of command loss or erroneous execution. They also fail to consider signal transmission issues in complex scenarios, with existing systems relying heavily on manual operation and lacking automated monitoring, fault diagnosis, and exception handling capabilities, making them unable to adapt to dynamic environmental changes.

[0004] Traditional electronic detonators are mainly used in fixed scenarios and are difficult to adapt to complex and ever-changing blasting environments. They also lack support for multi-detonator coordinated control, making large-scale, high-precision blasting operations impossible. Therefore, a long-distance wireless communication control method for electronic detonators is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems raised in the existing background technology. To achieve the above-mentioned objective, this invention provides the following technical solution: a long-distance wireless communication control method for electronic detonators, employing LoRa or 5G long-distance wireless communication for data transmission. During LoRa communication, the signal frequency range is 868MHz-868.5MHz or 902MHz-928MHz, with a transmission rate of 0.3kbps-50kbps. During 5G communication, the NR (New Radio) band is used, with an operating frequency range between 4800MHz and 5000MHz, a theoretical downlink peak rate of 20Gbps, and an uplink peak rate of 10Gbps. This allows for a wireless communication distance greater than 5km, ensuring a stable communication connection between the main control unit and the electronic detonator, enabling wireless communication control of long-distance blasting operations.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it combines frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) with a hopping rate of 100-1000 hops per second, covering the entire communication frequency band, and the frequency interval between each hop is not less than 1MHz; at the same time, it adopts AES encryption with an encryption key length of 128-256 bits to encrypt the transmitted detonation command and data, effectively preventing signal interference and information leakage, and improving the security of communication.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a hierarchical communication method of main control end-relay end-detonator end is adopted. The maximum communication distance between the relay end and the main control end is 3km-5km, and the maximum communication distance between the relay end and the detonator end is 2km-3km. The signal gain of the relay end is 20dB-40dB to ensure that the command can be transmitted to each detonator end accurately and without error, thereby enhancing the coverage and transmission reliability of the wireless signal.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the two-way communication confirmation mechanism, after the detonator receives the detonation command, it completes the command decoding and integrity verification within 50ms-200ms and immediately sends an acknowledgment signal to the master control end. The acknowledgment signal contains the detonator's unique ID, the receiving timestamp, and the command verification result information. After receiving the acknowledgment signal, the master control end parses and processes the acknowledgment signal within 100ms-500ms. After confirming that the command has been correctly received, it continues the subsequent operation to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of command transmission.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, GPS timing or a high-precision NTP time synchronization protocol is used to achieve synchronous detonation of multiple detonators. The GPS timing accuracy is ±1μs-±5μs, and the NTP time synchronization accuracy is ±10ms-±50ms. Through the time synchronization protocol, it is ensured that all detonators are detonated synchronously at a precise time point, with a synchronization error of no more than ±1ms, thereby improving the consistency and controllability of the blasting effect.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the wireless communication module equipped at the detonator end has a power consumption of less than 10μA-50μA in standby mode and less than 50mA-100mA in working mode; the low power consumption design extends the standby time of the detonator end, reduces the frequency of battery replacement, and improves the ease of use and economy of the equipment.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the remote fault detection and status monitoring process, the detonator end sends status information to the main control end every 10-60 seconds. The status information includes battery power (detection accuracy of ±1%-±5%), communication module status, and detonation circuit status. After receiving the status information, the main control end analyzes and processes it within 200ms-1000ms to promptly detect potential fault hazards and ensure the safe conduct of blasting operations.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during system initialization and deployment, the communication connection establishment time between the main control terminal and the detonator terminal shall not exceed 5-10 minutes; during the first deployment of the detonator terminal, the authentication time with the main control terminal shall not exceed 2-5 minutes, ensuring that the equipment is legal and can be put into use quickly.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the abnormal handling mechanism, if the detonator end does not receive the instruction correctly, during the period when the main control end is waiting for the detonation instruction to be cancelled, an abnormal prompt message is sent to the main control end every 1 second to 5 seconds; after the main control end issues the detonation cancellation instruction, the time for the instruction to be transmitted to the detonator end does not exceed 500ms-1000ms, ensuring that possible accidental detonation operations are stopped in time and safety is guaranteed.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, after the blasting is completed, when the main control terminal remotely checks the status of the detonators, the time interval for querying the status of each detonator is 1 minute to 5 minutes, and the number of detonators that can be queried at the same time is no less than 100 to 500, so as to ensure that there are no unexploded or faulty detonators, and to ensure the integrity and safety of the blasting operation.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention achieves long-distance, low-error-rate command transmission through LoRa and 5G dual-mode communication, ensuring stable operation even in complex environments.

[0016] This invention employs a dual time synchronization mechanism of GPS and NTP, controlling the time synchronization error to the millisecond level to meet the requirements of high-precision detonation. LoRa frequency hopping technology and 5G adaptive spectrum technology effectively address electromagnetic interference, ensuring the accuracy of command transmission.

[0017] This invention features multi-mode detonation: supporting simultaneous / sequential detonation of single and multiple detonators to meet the needs of different blasting scenarios. The main control unit can adjust the detonation time, sequence, and delay parameters in real time to adapt to dynamic environmental changes.

[0018] This invention features data visualization and intelligent operation. The detonator end provides real-time feedback on reception status, power level, and fault information, while the main control end can monitor and make decisions in real time. Through the experimental data recording table, the system can analyze communication quality, time synchronization accuracy, and detonation success rate, providing a basis for optimization.

[0019] This invention features remote operation and unmanned operation, allowing operators to remotely control detonation from a safe distance (e.g., 500 meters) via a main control terminal, avoiding direct contact with hazardous areas. The system also includes command retransmission, fault alarm, and emergency stop functions, reducing the risk of misoperation.

[0020] This invention employs CRC checksum and digital signature technology to ensure the integrity and authenticity of command transmission. The detonator terminal features battery power monitoring, communication module self-testing, and fault alarm functions, providing early warning of potential risks.

[0021] It maintains stable communication even in environments with strong electromagnetic interference, making it suitable for complex scenarios such as mining areas and construction sites. Both the detonators and main control equipment meet industrial-grade protection standards, adapting to harsh weather and environments. Remote control and automated operation reduce reliance on on-site personnel, lowering labor costs. Precise detonation and flexible control reduce explosive waste and improve blasting efficiency.

[0022] The detonator employs low-power chips and energy-saving algorithms, extending battery life and reducing maintenance costs. The communication module and control unit are replaceable independently, reducing overall equipment maintenance costs. Remote control and intelligent operation lower the risk of personnel injury during blasting operations, driving improvements in industry safety standards. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the experimental data provided by this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental data structure provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental data structure provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0025] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely illustrates some embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features and technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0026] Example 1: A long-distance wireless communication control method for electronic detonators, employing LoRa or 5G long-distance wireless communication for data transmission. For LoRa communication, the signal frequency range is 868MHz-868.5MHz or 902MHz-928MHz, with a transmission rate of 0.3kbps-50kbps. For 5G communication, the NR (New Radio) band is used, with an operating frequency range between 4800MHz and 5000MHz, a theoretical downlink peak rate of 20Gbps, and an uplink peak rate of 10Gbps. This allows for a wireless communication distance greater than 5km, ensuring a stable communication connection between the main control unit and the electronic detonator, enabling wireless communication control of long-distance blasting operations.

[0027] Combined with Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), the frequency hopping rate is 100-1000 hops per second, covering the entire communication frequency band, with a frequency interval of no less than 1MHz for each hop; at the same time, AES encryption is used, with an encryption key length of 128-256 bits, to encrypt the transmitted detonation commands and data, effectively preventing signal interference and information leakage, and improving communication security.

[0028] A hierarchical communication method is adopted, consisting of a master control terminal, a relay terminal, and a detonator terminal. The maximum communication distance between the relay terminal and the master control terminal is 3km-5km, and the maximum communication distance between the relay terminal and the detonator terminal is 2km-3km. The signal gain of the relay terminal is 20dB-40dB to ensure that the commands can be transmitted to each detonator terminal accurately, thereby enhancing the coverage and reliability of the wireless signal.

[0029] In the two-way communication confirmation mechanism, after receiving the detonation command, the detonator completes command decoding and integrity verification within 50ms-200ms and immediately sends an acknowledgment signal to the master control end. The acknowledgment signal contains the detonator's unique ID, the receiving timestamp, and the command verification result information. After receiving the acknowledgment signal, the master control end parses and processes the acknowledgment signal within 100ms-500ms. After confirming that the command has been correctly received, it continues subsequent operations to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of command transmission.

[0030] The system employs GPS timing or a high-precision NTP time synchronization protocol to achieve simultaneous detonation of multiple detonators. The GPS timing accuracy is ±1μs-±5μs, and the NTP time synchronization accuracy is ±10ms-±50ms. Through the time synchronization protocol, it ensures that all detonators detonate synchronously at a precise time point, with a synchronization error of no more than ±1ms, thereby improving the consistency and controllability of the blasting effect.

[0031] The wireless communication module equipped at the detonator end consumes less than 10μA-50μA in standby mode and less than 50mA-100mA in working mode. The low-power design extends the standby time of the detonator end, reduces the frequency of battery replacement, and improves the ease of use and economy of the equipment.

[0032] During remote fault detection and status monitoring, the detonator sends status information to the main control unit every 10-60 seconds. The status information includes battery power (detection accuracy of ±1%-±5%), communication module status, and detonation circuit status. After receiving the status information, the main control unit analyzes and processes it within 200ms-1000ms to promptly detect potential faults and ensure the safe conduct of blasting operations.

[0033] During system initialization and deployment, the communication connection establishment time between the main control terminal and the detonator terminal should not exceed 5-10 minutes; during the initial deployment of the detonator terminal, the authentication time with the main control terminal should not exceed 2-5 minutes, ensuring that the equipment is legal and can be put into use quickly.

[0034] In the anomaly handling mechanism, if the detonator does not receive the instruction correctly, an anomaly prompt message is sent to the main control terminal every 1 to 5 seconds while waiting for the main control terminal to cancel the detonation instruction. After the main control terminal issues the detonation cancellation instruction, the time for the instruction to be transmitted to the detonator terminal does not exceed 500ms-1000ms, ensuring that possible accidental detonation operations are stopped in time and safety is guaranteed.

[0035] After the blasting is completed, when the main control terminal remotely checks the status of the detonators, the time interval for querying the status of each detonator is 1 minute to 5 minutes, and the number of detonators that can be queried at the same time is no less than 100 to 500, to ensure that there are any undetonated or faulty detonators, and to ensure the integrity and safety of the blasting operation.

[0036] Working principle of long-distance electronic detonator wireless communication control method: system composition and initialization. The system mainly consists of three parts: the master control end, the relay end, and the electronic detonator end.

[0037] The main control unit, as the core of the entire control system, typically consists of a computer or handheld terminal device equipped with specialized control software. It possesses powerful data processing and communication capabilities, responsible for generating detonation commands, sending instructions, receiving acknowledgment signals and status reports, and monitoring and managing the entire blasting operation process.

[0038] Relay Unit: Deployed strategically according to the terrain of the blasting site to enhance wireless signal transmission. It receives instructions from the main control unit, amplifies and forwards the signals, ensuring accurate transmission of instructions to each electronic detonator. The relay unit connects wirelessly to the main control unit and the detonator terminals.

[0039] Electronic detonator end: Each electronic detonator is equipped with a wireless communication module, responsible for receiving detonation commands transmitted from the main control unit via the relay unit, and decoding and verifying the commands. After confirming that the command is correct, it executes the detonation operation according to the command requirements and feeds back the execution result to the main control unit.

[0040] System Initialization: Equipment Deployment: At the blasting site, electronic detonators are deployed in suitable locations according to the blasting design requirements, ensuring their communication modules are functioning properly. Simultaneously, relay terminals are set up according to the site terrain to optimize signal coverage. The main control unit is located in a safe location with good communication conditions and is operated by an authorized operator.

[0041] Detonator Registration and Authentication: Upon initial deployment, the electronic detonator terminal authenticates with the main control terminal via an encrypted communication protocol. The detonator terminal sends its unique identification information (such as serial number and encryption key) to the main control terminal, which compares it with pre-stored legitimate device information to verify the terminal's legitimacy. After successful verification, the main control terminal assigns a unique ID to each detonator and stores it in the database for subsequent identification and control.

[0042] Command Generation and Transmission: On the main control interface, the operator inputs detonation commands according to the blasting operation requirements, including detonation time, detonator number, and detonation sequence information. These commands are processed by the control software to form data packets in a specific format and are encrypted using AES to ensure the security and confidentiality of the commands.

[0043] Command Transmission: From Master Control to Relay: The encrypted detonation command is transmitted from the master control unit via LoRa or 5G long-range wireless communication technology. For LoRa communication, the signal frequency range is 868MHz-868.5MHz (European standard) or 902MHz-928MHz (US standard), with a transmission rate of 0.3kbps-50kbps. For 5G communication, the NR band is used, with an operating frequency range between 4800MHz and 5000MHz. Leveraging its high speed and low latency, it quickly transmits commands to the relay.

[0044] From relay to detonator: After receiving instructions from the master control unit, the relay amplifies and forwards the signal. The signal gain at the relay is 20dB-40dB to enhance signal strength and ensure that instructions are accurately transmitted to each electronic detonator. During transmission, frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology is used, with a hopping rate of 100-1000 hops per second, covering the entire communication frequency band. The frequency interval between each hop is no less than 1MHz, which disperses the signal in the frequency domain, effectively avoiding continuous interference at a single frequency and enhancing the signal's anti-interference capability.

[0045] Detonator Terminal Reception and Confirmation: Command Reception: The wireless communication module at the electronic detonator terminal monitors the wireless signal in real time. Upon receiving a command signal, it captures and performs preliminary processing. Because the command is encrypted and frequency-hopping, the detonator terminal needs to perform corresponding demodulation and de-frequency-hopping operations to restore the original command signal.

[0046] Command Decoding and Verification: The detonator terminal decodes and verifies the integrity of the received command. The decoding process uses the same AES decryption algorithm as the master control terminal, with a key length of 128-bit to 256-bit, ensuring that only legitimate detonators can correctly decode the command. Simultaneously, a checksum is used to verify whether the command has been erroneous or tampered with during transmission. If the command verification is successful, the detonator terminal prepares to detonate; if the command contains errors or is incomplete, the detonator terminal sends an exception message to the master control terminal for further processing.

[0047] Acknowledgment Signal Sending: After confirming that the command has been correctly received, the detonator sends an acknowledgment signal to the master control unit within 50ms-200ms. The acknowledgment signal contains the detonator's unique ID, the reception timestamp, and command verification result information, used to inform the master control unit that the command has been successfully received. Upon receiving the acknowledgment signal, the master control unit parses and processes the signal within 100ms-500ms to confirm the accuracy of the command transmission.

[0048] Time Synchronization and Detonation Preparation: After all detonators receive and confirm the detonation command, they enter a synchronized countdown mode. Multi-detonator synchronized detonation is achieved using GPS time synchronization or a high-precision NTP time synchronization protocol. If GPS time synchronization is used, the accuracy is ±1μs to ±5μs; if NTP time synchronization is used, the accuracy is ±10ms to ±50ms. The time synchronization protocol ensures that the time reference of all detonators remains consistent, providing a foundation for precise synchronized detonation.

[0049] Detonation Preparation: Based on the received detonation command and time synchronization information, the detonator terminal sets the countdown parameters of the internal detonation control chip. Simultaneously, it performs a self-check on the ignition circuit to ensure the ignition system is in normal standby mode. During the countdown, the detonator terminal sends time synchronization information to the main control terminal at set time intervals to maintain time synchronization accuracy with other detonators, with a synchronization error not exceeding ±1ms.

[0050] When the countdown ends, the detonation control chip inside the detonator triggers the ignition circuit, completing the detonation operation. The ignition circuit instantly generates sufficient current and voltage to ignite the gunpowder inside the detonator, causing an explosion.

[0051] After detonation, the detonator immediately sends a status report to the main control unit. The status report includes information on whether detonation was successful, battery status (detection accuracy ±1%-±5%), communication module status, and detonation circuit status. Upon receiving the status report, the main control unit analyzes and processes it, recording the results of the blasting operation for subsequent review and evaluation.

[0052] If the detonator fails to receive the command correctly during communication, or if the received command contains serious errors or is incomplete, the detonator will automatically send an error message to the master control unit. This error message is sent every 1-5 seconds until the problem is resolved or a cancellation command is received from the master control unit. Upon receiving the error message, the master control unit will determine whether to cancel the detonation command based on the specific circumstances. If cancellation is decided, a cancellation command will be transmitted to the detonator within 500ms-1000ms to ensure timely cessation of potential accidental detonations.

[0053] During blasting operations, if the detonator detects a malfunction, such as low battery power or a communication module failure, it will immediately send a fault message to the main control unit. Upon receiving the fault message, the main control unit will assess and analyze the situation and take appropriate measures. For example, for a detonator with low battery power, the operator can be notified to replace the battery immediately; for a detonator with a communication module failure, reconnection can be attempted or the module can be marked as faulty, with repair or replacement to be carried out after the blasting operation is completed. Simultaneously, the main control unit will record the fault information for subsequent equipment maintenance and management.

[0054] The working process of the long-distance electronic detonator wireless communication control method is as follows: The operator starts the main control device, such as a computer or handheld terminal, in a safe area and runs the specialized control software. The software performs a self-test to check whether the hardware connections and communication modules are normal, which is expected to take 30 seconds to 1 minute.

[0055] The main control unit searches for and connects to nearby repeaters via a wireless communication module (LoRa or 5G, depending on the actual situation). If 5G is used, it quickly establishes a connection by taking advantage of its high speed and low latency. If LoRa is used, it searches for and connects to signals within its 868MHz-868.5MHz (European standard) or 902MHz-928MHz (US standard) frequency bands. This process takes about 2-3 minutes.

[0056] After each relay terminal is deployed at the preset location at the blasting site, it automatically turns on and enters standby mode, continuously listening to signals from the main control terminal, while checking its own signal gain setting (20dB-40dB) to ensure that it can receive and forward signals normally. This step is completed synchronously when the system starts up, without requiring additional time.

[0057] After the wireless communication module at the electronic detonator is powered on, it immediately performs a self-test, checking the battery level (detection accuracy ±1%-±5%), the communication module, and the status of key components in the detonation circuit. The self-test process takes approximately 10-30 seconds. After the self-test is completed, the detonator enters standby mode, awaiting instructions from the main control unit.

[0058] The newly deployed detonator terminal, while in standby mode, proactively sends a registration request to the main control terminal. This request includes the detonator's unique identification information, such as the serial number and encryption key, transmitted via an established wireless communication link, taking approximately 1-2 minutes. Upon receiving the registration request, the main control terminal retrieves a pre-stored database of legitimate device information and compares it with the identification information sent by the detonator terminal to verify its legitimacy. This verification process takes approximately 1-2 minutes. If verification is successful, the main control terminal assigns a unique ID to the detonator and sends the ID along with authentication success information back to the detonator terminal. The detonator terminal receives and stores this ID, completing the registration and authentication process.

[0059] Detonation command generation and transmission: On the main control interface, the operator inputs the detonation time, detonator number, and detonation sequence information according to the blasting design requirements. The control software packages this information into a data packet of a specific format and performs AES encryption (key length 128-256 bits) to generate the detonation command. The whole process takes about 1-2 minutes.

[0060] Transmission from master control to relay: The encrypted detonation command is sent from the master control to the relay via the established wireless communication link. If LoRa communication is used, the transmission rate is 0.3kbps-50kbps; if 5G communication is used, it can transmit quickly due to its high speed advantage, and the transmission time depends on the amount of data and the communication environment, generally between several seconds and tens of seconds.

[0061] Transmission from relay end to detonator end: After receiving the command, the relay end amplifies the signal (gain 20dB-40dB) and forwards it using frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology. The frequency hopping rate is 100-1000 hops per second, and the frequency hopping range covers the entire communication frequency band. The frequency interval between each hop is not less than 1MHz. The command is then transmitted to each detonator end. The time for the detonator end to receive the command depends on the distance and environment, but generally does not exceed a few minutes.

[0062] Detonator end reception and confirmation (50ms-200ms): Command reception and demodulation. The wireless communication module at the detonator end monitors the wireless signal in real time. When the command signal is received, it is captured and the original command signal is restored through demodulation and frequency hopping. This process takes about 20ms-50ms.

[0063] Command Decoding and Verification: The detonator uses the same AES decryption algorithm (key length 128-256 bits) as the master control unit to decode the command. Simultaneously, it verifies the integrity and correctness of the command using a checksum, a process that takes approximately 20ms-50ms. If the command is correct, the detonator prepares to execute the detonation operation; if there is an error, it sends an exception message to the master control unit.

[0064] Acknowledgment signal transmission: After confirming that the instruction has been received correctly, the detonator sends an acknowledgment signal to the master control end within 50ms-200ms. The acknowledgment signal contains the detonator's unique ID, the receiving timestamp, and the instruction verification result information, informing the master control end that the instruction has been successfully received.

[0065] After all detonators receive and confirm the detonation command, they are simultaneously detonated using GPS time synchronization or a high-precision NTP time synchronization protocol. If GPS time synchronization is used, the accuracy is ±1μs to ±5μs; if NTP time synchronization is used, the accuracy is ±10ms to ±50ms, ensuring that all detonators have the same time reference, providing a basis for precise synchronous detonation. The time synchronization process takes approximately 1-2 minutes.

[0066] Based on the received detonation command and time synchronization information, the detonator terminal sets the countdown parameters of its internal detonation control chip and simultaneously performs a self-test on the ignition circuit to ensure the ignition system is ready for operation. This self-test process takes approximately 10-30 seconds. During the countdown, the detonator terminal sends time synchronization information to the main control terminal every 10-60 seconds to maintain time synchronization accuracy with other detonators, with a synchronization error not exceeding ±1ms.

[0067] When the countdown ends, the detonation control chip inside the detonator triggers the ignition circuit, instantly generating enough current and voltage to ignite the gunpowder inside the detonator and cause an explosion. The entire process is completed in microseconds.

[0068] After detonation, the detonator immediately sends a status report to the main control unit. The report includes information on whether the detonation was successful, battery status (detection accuracy ±1%-±5%), communication module status, and detonation circuit status. The transmission time is approximately several seconds to tens of seconds. Upon receiving the status report, the main control unit records and analyzes it to complete the control of this blasting operation.

[0069] If the detonator terminal fails to receive the command correctly, or if the received command contains serious errors or is incomplete, the detonator terminal will automatically send an error message to the master control terminal every 1-5 seconds until the problem is resolved or a cancellation command is received from the master control terminal. Upon receiving the error message, the master control terminal will determine whether to cancel the detonation command based on the situation. If cancellation is desired, the cancellation command will be transmitted to the detonator terminal within 500ms-1000ms.

[0070] During blasting operations, if the detonator detects a fault, such as low battery or communication module failure, it immediately sends a fault message to the main control unit. Upon receiving the message, the main control unit evaluates and analyzes it, takes appropriate measures, such as notifying the user to replace the battery, attempting to reconnect, or marking the fault status, and records the fault information for subsequent maintenance and management.

[0071] Test Example 1: Communication Distance Test Objective: To verify the maximum communication distance and signal stability under LoRa and 5G modes.

[0072] Scene: An open, unobstructed space (such as a mining area square), with clear weather.

[0073] step: 1. The main control terminal and the detonator terminal are respectively equipped with LoRa and 5G modules, with fixed transmission power.

[0074] 2. With the detonator end fixed in place, move the main control end away in a straight line, gradually increasing the distance (in 500-meter increments).

[0075] 3. Send 10 detonation commands at each distance point and record the signal strength, bit error rate, and reception success rate.

[0076] Example of results: LoRa mode: 1000 meters: Signal strength -65dBm, bit error rate 0.1%, 10 / 10 successful reception.

[0077] 2000 meters: Signal strength -72dBm, bit error rate 0.5%, 8 / 10 successful reception.

[0078] 5000 meters: Signal strength -85dBm, bit error rate 5%, 3 / 10 successful reception.

[0079] 5G mode: 3000 meters: Signal strength -78dBm, bit error rate 0%, 10 / 10 successful reception.

[0080] 3500 meters: Signal strength -82dBm, bit error rate 0.2%, 9 / 10 successful receptions.

[0081] Conclusion: LoRa has a maximum communication distance of 5000 meters (unobstructed) and 3500 meters in 5G mode, with better signal stability.

[0082] Test Example 2: Anti-interference capability test Objective: To verify the reliability of LoRa frequency hopping technology in a strong interference environment.

[0083] Scenario: An environment where there are wireless devices or electromagnetic interference sources operating on the same frequency band.

[0084] step: 1. Position the interference source (such as wireless equipment or electromagnetic interference generator) 300-500 meters away from the detonator end.

[0085] 2. The main control unit sends 10 commands via LoRa, gradually increasing the interference intensity from 20dBm to 40dBm.

[0086] 3. Record the command reception success rate, bit error rate, and frequency hopping rate.

[0087] Example of results: Co-band radio interference (30dBm): Frequency hopping rate: 500 hops / second; command success rate: 85%; bit error rate: 2.5%.

[0088] Electromagnetic interference (40dBm): Frequency hopping rate 1000 hops / second, command success rate 60%, bit error rate 5%.

[0089] Conclusion: LoRa frequency hopping technology can resist low-to-medium intensity interference, but it needs to be combined with 5G backup links under high interference.

[0090] Experiment 3: Time Synchronization Accuracy Test Objective: To verify the accuracy and stability of GPS and NTP time synchronization.

[0091] Scenario: Fixed detonator and main control terminal, time is calibrated via GPS and NTP.

[0092] step: 1. The master control unit sends a detonation command with a UTC timestamp (e.g., 10:00:00.000).

[0093] 2. Record the receiving time at the detonator end and calculate the synchronization error.

[0094] 3. Repeat the test 10 times and calculate the average error and maximum error.

[0095] Example of results: GPS synchronization: The detonator R1 received the signal at 10:00:00.001, with an error of 0.1ms and an average error of 0.1ms.

[0096] The detonator R2 received the signal at 10:00:00.999, with an error of -0.2ms and a maximum error of 0.3ms.

[0097] NTP synchronization: The detonator R3 received the signal at 10:00:01.005, with an error of 1.5ms and an average error of 1.8ms.

[0098] Conclusion: GPS synchronization accuracy is ≤0.3ms, suitable for high-precision detonation; NTP is affected by network latency (approximately 2ms), requiring optimization of network conditions.

[0099] Experiment Example 4: Multi-detonator Coordinated Initiation Test Objective: To verify the reliability and timing consistency of simultaneous detonation of multiple detonators.

[0100] Scenario: Deploy 5 detonators, requiring a synchronous detonation error of ≤1ms.

[0101] step: 1. The main control unit sends a synchronous detonation command via LoRa and binds 5 detonator IDs.

[0102] 2. Each detonator records the time it receives the instruction, triggers detonation, and reports its status.

[0103] 3. Statistical analysis of detonation time difference and success rate.

[0104] Example of results: The receiving time difference of the 5 detonators is ≤0.5ms, and the success rate of synchronous detonation is 100%.

[0105] Conclusion: The system supports millisecond-level synchronous detonation of multiple detonators, meeting the requirements for high-precision blasting.

[0106] Summarize The above experiments verified the long-distance transmission capability (LoRa 5000 meters, 5G 3500 meters), frequency hopping anti-interference performance (85% receive rate @ 30dBm interference), and GPS / NTP time synchronization accuracy (GPS ≤ 0.3ms, NTP ≤ 2.1ms) of LoRa and 5G dual-mode communication. The system is suitable for remote high-precision blasting control in complex environments. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Therefore, any modifications or substitutions to the present invention, and all technical solutions and improvements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention, are covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication control of remote electronic detonators, characterized in that: Data transmission is performed by using LoRa or 5G long-distance wireless communication. When LoRa communication is used, the signal frequency range is 868MHz-868.5MHz or 902MHz-928MHz, and the transmission rate is 0.3kbps-50kbps; when 5G communication is used, the NR (New Radio) frequency band is used, the working frequency range is between 4800MHz-5000MHz, the theoretical downlink peak rate is 20Gbps, and the uplink peak rate is 10Gbps; the wireless communication distance is greater than 5km, so that the communication connection between the master control end and the electronic detonator end is realized, and the wireless communication control is used for long-distance blasting operation.

2. The remote electronic detonator wireless communication control method of claim 1, wherein: Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is combined, the frequency hopping rate is 100 hops-1000 hops per second, the frequency hopping range covers the entire communication frequency band, and the frequency interval of each frequency hopping is not less than 1MHz; meanwhile, AES encryption is used, the encryption key length is 128 bits-256 bits, and the transmitted detonation instructions and data are subjected to encryption processing.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises: A hierarchical communication mode of master control end-relay end-detonator end is used, the maximum communication distance between the relay end and the master control end is 3km-5km, and the maximum communication distance between the relay end and the detonator end is 2km-3km; the signal gain of the relay end is 20dB-40dB.

4. The remote electronic detonator wireless communication control method of claim 3, wherein: In the bidirectional communication confirmation mechanism, after the detonator end receives the detonation instruction, the instruction decoding and integrity verification are completed within 50ms-200ms, and a receipt signal is immediately sent to the master control end; the receipt signal contains the detonator unique ID, the receiving time stamp and the instruction verification result information, and after the master control end receives the receipt signal, the receipt signal is analyzed and processed within 100ms-500ms.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: GPS time service or high-precision NTP time synchronization protocol is used to realize multi-detonator synchronous detonation, the GPS time service accuracy is ±1μs-±5μs, and the NTP time synchronization accuracy is ±10ms-±50ms; through the time synchronization protocol, all detonators are detonated synchronously at the accurate time point, and the synchronization error is not more than ±1ms.

6. The remote electronic detonator wireless communication control method of claim 5, wherein: The wireless communication module provided on the detonator end has a power consumption of less than 10μA-50μA in the standby state and a power consumption of less than 50mA-100mA in the working state.

7. The remote electronic detonator wireless communication control method of claim 6, wherein: In the remote fault detection and state monitoring process, the detonator end sends state information to the master control end every 10 seconds-60 seconds, the state information includes battery power, detection accuracy is ±1%-±5%, communication module state and detonation circuit state; after the master control end receives the state information, the state information is analyzed and processed within 200ms-1000ms.

8. The remote electronic detonator wireless communication control method of claim 7, wherein: When the system is initialized and deployed, the communication connection between the master control end and the detonator end is established within 5 minutes-10 minutes; when the detonator end is deployed for the first time, the time for identity authentication with the master control end is not more than 2 minutes-5 minutes.

9. The remote electronic detonator wireless communication control method of claim 8, wherein: In the abnormal processing mechanism, an abnormal prompt information is sent to the master control end every 1 second-5 seconds; after the master control end sends a detonation cancellation instruction, the time for the instruction to be transmitted to the detonator end is not more than 500ms-1000ms.

10. The remote electronic detonator wireless communication control method of claim 9, wherein: The master end remotely checks the detonator state, and the time interval for querying each detonator state is 1 minute-5 minutes, and the number of simultaneously queried detonators is not less than 100-500.

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