Three-dimensional dispersion test kit for simultaneously measuring radial and transverse dispersion coefficients

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional dispersion test kit capable of simultaneously measuring radial and transverse dispersion coefficients, which comprises a test shell, a test cavity is arranged in the test shell, a water inlet is arranged at the top end of the test shell, the water inlet is relatively communicated with the test cavity, and the water inlet is communicated with the test cavity. A pollution source inlet is formed in the top end of the test shell, the pollution source inlet is relatively communicated with the test cavity, and a detection assembly is arranged on the side wall of the test shell. The device and the method have the effect of comprehensively measuring mechanical dispersion and diffusion so as to comprehensively and accurately research the migration behavior of solute in the porous medium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fluid dynamics testing equipment, and in particular to a three-dimensional dispersion testing apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients. Background Technology

[0002] The dispersion coefficient is an essential parameter for studying the transport behavior of solutes in saturated porous media. Dispersion includes mechanical dispersion caused by convection and diffusion caused by Brownian motion of molecules. Diffusion can be calculated using the Stokes-Einstein equation, while mechanical dispersion can only be obtained by subtracting the diffusion coefficient from the dispersion coefficient after experimental measurement.

[0003] Current technologies primarily focus on measuring one-dimensional dispersion coefficients. For example, Chinese patent CN 113358529B can only measure the radial dispersion coefficient and cannot measure the lateral dispersion coefficient. This is because this method mainly calculates the radial dispersion coefficient by displacing the solution and measuring the outlet concentration, which cannot capture lateral flow and dispersion behavior. Existing technologies that can measure dispersion coefficients under two-dimensional dispersion conditions, such as Chinese patent CN 114722742 B, can only measure the radial dispersion coefficient D. L (x-direction) and a lateral dispersion coefficient D T (y or z direction). Most existing technologies focus on measuring the diffusion coefficient, while mechanical dispersion varies greatly due to convection, resulting in significant differences in dispersion behavior in the radial and lateral directions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To comprehensively measure mechanical dispersion and diffusion, and thus study the transport behavior of solutes in porous media more fully and accurately, this application provides a three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus that simultaneously measures radial and lateral dispersion coefficients.

[0005] This application provides a three-dimensional dispersion testing apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients, employing the following technical solution:

[0006] A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients includes a test shell, an internal test chamber, a water inlet at the top of the test shell that is in communication with the test chamber, a contaminant inlet at the top of the test shell that is in communication with the test chamber, and a detection component on the side wall of the test shell.

[0007] Optionally, the test housing includes an upper cover, a column is disposed below the upper cover, and a lower cover is disposed below the column. The upper cover and the lower cover are fixed to the column by a connecting structure.

[0008] Optionally, the connection structure includes a vertically arranged fixing bolt, the top end of which is fixedly connected to the upper cover, the bottom end of which is fixedly connected to the lower cover, the top wall of the column abutting against the bottom wall of the upper cover, and the bottom wall of the column abutting against the top wall of the lower cover.

[0009] Optionally, the lower cover is provided with a water outlet inside, one end of which is in relative communication with the interior of the test chamber, and the other end of which is in relative communication with the outside.

[0010] Optionally, a first sealing ring is provided between the top cover and the column, and a first sealing groove is provided on the top cover relative to the position of the first sealing ring. The first sealing ring is located inside the first sealing groove and between the top cover and the column.

[0011] Optionally, a second sealing ring is provided between the lower cover and the column, and a second sealing groove is provided on the lower cover relative to the position of the second sealing ring. The second sealing ring is located inside the second sealing groove and between the lower cover and the column.

[0012] Optionally, the column is a cylindrical structure, the interior of the column is a cylindrical groove, and the pollution source inlet is located at the axial position of the column.

[0013] Optionally, a plurality of fixing bolts are provided along the circumference of the upper cover, and the plurality of fixing bolts are evenly arranged on the upper cover.

[0014] Optionally, the detection component includes a connector, and a measurement port is provided on the side wall of the test housing relative to the position of the connector. The connector is fixedly connected to the measurement port, and a measuring element is inserted inside the connector, with the measuring end of the measuring element extending into the interior of the test chamber.

[0015] Optionally, an inlet pipe is fixedly connected below the pollution source inlet, the inlet pipe is coaxially arranged with the pollution source inlet, and the interior of the inlet pipe is in relative communication with the pollution source inlet.

[0016] Optionally, the connector includes a connecting housing, which is fixedly connected to the test housing. A sealing plate is fixedly connected inside the connecting housing, which seals the interior of the connecting housing. A connecting hole is provided on the sealing plate, which completely penetrates the sealing plate. The measuring end of the measuring element extends into the interior of the test chamber through the connecting hole.

[0017] Optionally, the measuring element is located on the side of the sealing plate opposite to the center of the test housing and is threadedly connected to the connecting housing.

[0018] Optionally, a sealing element is provided between the connecting hole of the sealing plate and the measuring end of the measuring element.

[0019] Optionally, multiple measuring ports are provided on the side wall of the test housing.

[0020] Optionally, a plurality of the measuring ports are evenly arranged on the test housing, and the plurality of measuring ports are equidistantly arranged along the circumference of the test housing.

[0021] Optionally, the measuring ends of the multiple measuring elements may extend into the interior of the test chamber at different positions.

[0022] Optionally, the measuring element may be a probe.

[0023] Optionally, when measuring lateral and longitudinal dispersion, water enters through the inlet and exits through the outlet. Samples are taken using a measuring device, and the concentration of the samples is accurately determined. Data processing and fitting of the dispersion control equation are then performed to accurately obtain the two-dimensional dispersion coefficient. The dispersion control equation is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where: C is the concentration, t is the time, x and y are the coordinates of the points where the concentration was measured, the injection point is (0,0), and D... T It is the lateral dispersion coefficient, D L It is the radial dispersion coefficient.

[0026] Optionally, when pollutants are injected instantaneously, the concentration distribution along the central axis varies with time, and an analytical solution exists as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Where: C is the concentration, M is the total mass injected into the test chamber (2) per unit thickness, l is the width of the test chamber (2), x and y are the coordinates of the points where the concentration is measured, with the injection point as the 0 point, t is the time, and D is the concentration. x It is the dispersion coefficient in the x-direction (i.e., the radial dispersion coefficient D). T ), D y D is the dispersion coefficient in the y-direction. z It is the dispersion coefficient in the z-direction (in isotropic porous media, the dispersion coefficients in the y and z directions are the same, and can be summarized as the transverse dispersion coefficient in the yz plane, i.e., D). T ), D L It is the radial dispersion coefficient (x-direction), D Tq is the lateral dispersion coefficient (yz plane), q is the outlet position of the point source dispersion, and u is the flow velocity.

[0029] Optionally, with continuous injection of pollutants, the concentration distribution along the central axis varies with time, and an analytical solution exists as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Where: C is the concentration, M is the total mass injected into the test chamber per unit thickness, l is the width of the test chamber, x and y are the coordinates of the point where the concentration is measured, with the injection point as the reference point, t is time, and D is the distance between the points. x It is the dispersion coefficient in the x-direction (i.e., the radial dispersion coefficient D). T ), D y D is the dispersion coefficient in the y-direction. z These are the dispersion coefficients in the z-direction (in isotropic porous media, the dispersion coefficients in the y and z directions are the same, and can be summarized as the transverse dispersion coefficient in the yz plane, i.e., D). T ), D L It is the radial dispersion coefficient (x-direction), D T q is the lateral dispersion coefficient (yz plane), q is the outlet position of the point source dispersion, and u is the flow velocity.

[0032] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] 1. This application can simultaneously measure the two-dimensional dispersion coefficients of the surrounding rock of underground hydrogen storage reservoirs in both the transverse and radial directions, thereby enabling a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the dispersion behavior in porous media, whereas existing technologies are often limited to the measurement of the one-dimensional radial dispersion coefficient.

[0034] 2. This application is not only applicable to gaseous or liquid fluids, but also to a variety of different types of porous media. This advantage enables the invention to be widely applied in multiple fields and cover more application scenarios.

[0035] 3. This application takes into account both mechanical dispersion caused by convection and diffusion caused by molecular Brownian motion, making the measurement of dispersion coefficient more comprehensive and able to more accurately reflect the transport behavior of solute in porous media, whereas existing technologies usually cannot consider both aspects at the same time.

[0036] 4. By providing more accurate and comprehensive dispersion coefficient data, this invention helps to gain a deeper understanding of the complexity of the dispersion process, providing a more solid foundation for scientific research and practical engineering applications, and promoting technological progress in related fields. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus that simultaneously measures radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the pollutant inlet position of a three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus that simultaneously measures radial and lateral dispersion coefficients in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connector structure at the measuring port position of a three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus that simultaneously measures radial and lateral dispersion coefficients, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the probe arrangement structure inside the test chamber of a three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus that simultaneously measures radial and lateral dispersion coefficients, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Test housing; 11. Inlet; 12. Pollution source inlet; 13. Outlet; 14. Top cover; 15. Column; 16. Bottom cover; 17. Connecting structure; 171. Fixing bolt; 1711. Rod body; 1712. First nut; 1713. Second nut; 18. Measuring port; 181. High-position measuring group; 182. Low-position measuring group; 2. Test chamber; 3. Detection assembly; 31. Connector; 311. Connecting housing; 312. Sealing plate; 313. Connecting hole; 314. Detection probe. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0043] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0044] The dispersion coefficient is an essential parameter for studying the transport behavior of solutes in saturated porous media. Dispersion includes mechanical dispersion caused by convection and diffusion caused by Brownian motion of molecules. Diffusion can be calculated using the Stokes-Einstein equation, while mechanical dispersion can only be obtained by subtracting the diffusion coefficient from the dispersion coefficient after experimental measurement.

[0045] Current technologies primarily focus on measuring one-dimensional dispersion coefficients. For example, Chinese patent CN 113358529B can only measure the radial dispersion coefficient and cannot measure the lateral dispersion coefficient. This is because this method mainly calculates the radial dispersion coefficient by displacing the solution and measuring the outlet concentration, which cannot capture lateral flow and dispersion behavior. Existing technologies that can measure dispersion coefficients under two-dimensional dispersion conditions, such as Chinese patent CN 114722742 B, can only measure the radial dispersion coefficient D. L (x-direction) and a lateral dispersion coefficient D T (y or z direction). Most existing technologies focus on measuring the diffusion coefficient, while mechanical dispersion varies greatly due to convection, resulting in significant differences in dispersion behavior in the radial and lateral directions.

[0046] To comprehensively measure mechanical dispersion and diffusion, and thus study the transport behavior of solutes in porous media more fully and accurately, this application provides a three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus that simultaneously measures radial and lateral dispersion coefficients.

[0047] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0048] This application discloses a three-dimensional dispersion testing apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients. (Refer to...) Figure 1 , Figure 2 A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients includes a test shell 1, the interior of which is hollow, forming a test chamber 2. A water inlet 11 is located at the top of the test shell 1, communicating with the test chamber 2, allowing external media to enter the test chamber. A contaminant inlet 12 is also located at the top of the test shell 1, communicating with the interior of the test chamber 2, allowing external contaminants to enter the test chamber. A water outlet 13 is located at the bottom of the test shell 1, communicating with the interior of the test chamber 2, facilitating the discharge of the test media inside the test chamber 2 to the outside of the test shell 1 for treatment. A detection component 3 is located on the side wall of the test shell 1, capable of sampling and detecting the media at different locations inside the test chamber 2.

[0049] The test housing 1 includes an upper cover 14, a column 15 located below the upper cover 14, and a lower cover 16 located below the column 15. A connecting structure 17 is provided between the upper cover 14 and the lower cover 16, connecting and fixing the upper cover 14 and the lower cover 16 relative to each other, thereby clamping and fixing the column 15 through the upper cover 14, the lower cover 16, and the connecting structure 17. A first sealing assembly is provided between the upper cover 14 and the column 15, and a second sealing assembly is provided between the lower cover 16 and the column 15. The first sealing assembly seals the space between the upper cover 14 and the column 15, and the second sealing assembly seals the space between the lower cover 16 and the column 15, thereby sealing the test space inside the column 15, reducing the possibility of leakage of the test medium in the test space inside the column 15, and improving the accuracy of the test.

[0050] The column 15 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the upper cover 14 is a disc-shaped structure, with the upper cover 14 and the column 15 coaxially arranged. The lower cover 16 is a disc-shaped structure, and the lower cover 16 and the column 15 are coaxially arranged. The diameter of the upper cover 14 is the same as the diameter of the lower cover 16, and the diameters of the upper cover 14 and the lower cover 16 are larger than the diameter of the column 15.

[0051] The pollution source inlet 12 on the top cover 14 is located at the center of the top cover 14 and completely penetrates the top cover 14. An inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the top cover 14. The inlet pipe is vertically arranged and coaxial with the top cover 14. The inlet pipe has a tubular structure, with one end connected to the interior of the column 15 and the other end connected to the pollution source inlet 12, allowing external pollution media to enter the interior of the inlet pipe through the pollution source inlet 12 and then into the interior of the column 15. A water inlet 11 is provided on the top cover 14, completely penetrating the top cover 14, allowing the test chamber 2 inside the column 15 to communicate with the outside world, and allowing external test media to enter the interior of the test chamber 2 through the water inlet 11. An outlet 13 is provided inside the lower cover 16. One end of the outlet 13 is connected to the test chamber 2 inside the column 15, and the other end of the outlet 13 is connected to the outside. This allows the test medium to enter the test chamber 2 from one side of the inlet 11 and then be discharged from the outlet 13.

[0052] The first sealing assembly includes a first sealing ring located between the upper cover 14 and the column 15. The first sealing ring has an annular structure and is coaxially arranged with the column 15. A first sealing groove is formed on the upper cover 14 relative to the first sealing ring. The first sealing groove has an annular groove structure and is coaxially arranged with the upper cover 14, allowing the first sealing ring to be placed inside the first sealing groove. The first sealing ring located between the upper cover 14 and the column 15 can seal the connection between the upper cover 14 and the column 15, reducing the possibility of leakage of the test medium in the test chamber 2 inside the column 15 from between the upper cover 14 and the column 15.

[0053] The second sealing assembly includes a second sealing ring located between the lower cover 16 and the column 15. The second sealing ring has an annular structure and is coaxially arranged with the column 15. A second sealing groove is formed on the lower cover 16 relative to the second sealing ring. The second sealing groove has an annular groove structure and is coaxially arranged with the lower cover 16, allowing the second sealing ring to be placed inside the groove. The second sealing ring located between the lower cover 16 and the column 15 seals the connection between them, reducing the possibility of leakage of the test medium in the test chamber 2 inside the column 15 from between the lower cover 16 and the column 15.

[0054] The connecting structure 17 includes a vertically arranged fixing bolt 171. The fixing bolt 171 includes a rod portion 1711, which passes vertically between the upper cover 14 and the lower cover 16. The rod portion 1711 is slidably connected to the upper cover 14 and the lower cover 16. The top end of the rod portion 1711 protrudes from the top wall of the upper cover 14, and the bottom end of the rod portion 1711 protrudes from the bottom wall of the lower cover 16. External threads are provided at the ends of the rod portion 1711 above the upper cover 14 and below the lower cover 16.

[0055] A first nut 1712 is provided on the top wall of the upper cover 14 relative to the top end of the rod portion 1711. The first nut 1712 is threadedly connected to the external thread of the top end of the rod portion 1711, so that the bottom wall of the first nut 1712 abuts against the top wall of the upper cover 14. A second nut 1713 is provided on the bottom wall of the lower cover 16 relative to the bottom end of the rod portion 1711. The second nut 1713 is threadedly connected to the external thread of the bottom end of the rod portion 1711, so that the top wall of the second nut 1713 abuts against the bottom wall of the lower cover 16. The rod portion 1711 is locked by the first nut 1712 and the second nut 1713, and the upper cover 14 and the lower cover 16 are connected and fixed at the same time. The upper cover 14 and the lower cover 16 clamp the column 15 in the middle for sealing and fixing.

[0056] Multiple fixing bolts 171 are equidistantly arranged along the circumference of the upper cover 14. In one embodiment, three fixing bolts 171 are equidistantly arranged along the circumference of the upper cover 14. The three bolts are evenly arranged on the upper cover 14, thereby forming a uniform support between the upper cover 14 and the lower cover 16 for the column 15.

[0057] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 The detection component 3 includes a connector 31 located on the outside of the column 15. The connector 31 has a cylindrical structure and is fixedly connected to the outside of the column 15. Multiple connectors 31 are arranged along the circumference and height of the column 15, allowing them to be evenly distributed on the outside of the column 15. This facilitates sampling and testing of multiple locations inside the test chamber 2 of the column 15 by operators. A measuring port 18 is provided on the side wall of the column 15 relative to the position of the connector 31. The measuring port 18 connects the inside of the test chamber 2 to the outside, and one end of the connector 31 extends into the measuring port 18. The connector 31 and the measuring port are relatively sealed to reduce leakage at the connection between the connector 31 and the column 15, which is located inside the test chamber 2.

[0058] In one embodiment, multiple measuring ports 18 are arranged in two groups opposite each other along the outer side of the column 15. One group is a high-position measuring group 181, and the other group is a low-position measuring group 182. The high-position measuring group 181 includes two vertically arranged measuring ports 18, and multiple high-position measuring groups 181 are equidistantly arranged along the circumference of the column 15. The low-position measuring group 182 includes two vertically arranged measuring ports 18, and multiple low-position measuring groups 182 are equidistantly arranged along the circumference of the column 15. The high-position measuring groups 181 and low-position measuring groups 182 are sequentially interspersed along the circumference of the column 15. The height of the upper measuring port 18 inside the high-position measuring group 181 is greater than that of the upper measuring port 18 inside the low-position measuring group 182. The height of the lower measuring port 18 inside the low-position measuring group 182 is between the two measuring ports 18 inside the low-position measuring group 182, and the height of the lower measuring port 18 inside the low-position measuring group 182 is lower than that of the lower measuring port 18 inside the high-position measuring group 181.

[0059] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4The connector 31 includes a connecting shell 311, which is a cylindrical hollow structure. The diameter of the outer wall of the connecting shell 311 is the same as the diameter of the measuring port 18. The side wall of the connecting shell 311 extends into the measuring port 18 of the column 15, and the connecting shell 311 is fixedly connected to the measuring port 18 of the column 15. A sealing plate 312 is fixedly connected inside the connecting shell 311. The sealing plate 312 is a circular plate structure and is coaxially arranged with the connecting shell 311, thereby sealing the interior of the connecting shell 311.

[0060] A horizontally extending hole 313 is provided on the sealing plate 312, completely penetrating the sealing plate 312 and connecting the test chamber 2 inside the column 15 to the outside. A detection element is threadedly connected to the connecting housing 311, with its detection end extending into the test chamber 2 through the connecting hole 313. A sealing element is provided between the connecting hole 313 and the detection end of the detection element. In one embodiment, the detection element is a detection probe 314, which is threadedly fixed to the connecting housing 311, with its detection end extending into the test chamber 2 inside the column 15 through the connecting hole 313. Depending on the actual test conditions, detection probes 314 with different detection end lengths can be selected to extend into the test chamber 2, allowing the position of the detection end of the test probe inside the test chamber 2 to be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0061] In one embodiment, the probe length of the detection probe 314 located on the column 15 extends circumferentially along the column 15, with at least one probe's detection end extending to the center of the axis of the column 15. Thus, sampling and detection can be performed at different locations within the test chamber 2 inside the column 15, depending on the probe length of the detection probe 314.

[0062] During the measurement process, specific inlet and outlet water configurations and sample sampling allow for intuitive and accurate acquisition of solute transport data within the porous medium. When measuring lateral and longitudinal dispersion, water enters at inlet 11 and exits at outlet 13, with both directions blocked. By sampling at specific detection ports on column 15 and precisely determining the sample concentration, and then through scientific data processing and fitting of the dispersion control equation, the two-dimensional dispersion coefficient can be accurately obtained.

[0063] It is worth noting that the measurements are based on specific initial and boundary conditions. Consider that there is a concentration at x = 0, y = 0, while the concentration is 0 at the boundary and initial times. Under these specific conditions, accurate data fitting and analysis can be performed using analytical methods, utilizing relevant mathematical models and equations, such as the two-dimensional dispersion analytical equation, to further derive the lateral and longitudinal dispersion coefficients.

[0064] The dispersion control equation is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] There are two testing methods. First, instantaneous injection of pollutants, and the concentration distribution along the central axis changes over time, which has an analytical solution.

[0067]

[0068] Second: With continuous injection of pollutants, the concentration distribution along the central axis changes over time, and there is an analytical solution:

[0069]

[0070] Where: C is the concentration, M is the total mass injected into the test chamber per unit thickness, l is the width of the test chamber, x and y are the coordinates of the point where the concentration is measured, with the injection point as the reference point, t is time, and D is the distance between the points. x It is the dispersion coefficient in the x-direction (i.e., the radial dispersion coefficient D). T ), D y D is the dispersion coefficient in the y-direction. z These are the dispersion coefficients in the z-direction (in isotropic porous media, the dispersion coefficients in the y and z directions are the same, and can be summarized as the transverse dispersion coefficient in the yz plane, i.e., D). T ), D L It is the radial dispersion coefficient (x-direction), D T q is the lateral dispersion coefficient (yz plane), q is the outlet position of the point source dispersion, and u is the flow velocity.

[0071] By substituting the measured data into the above formula, the dispersion coefficient (D) can be calculated by fitting the curve. L D T Or another way of expressing it: D x D y and D Z ).

[0072] In this invention, the term "multiple" refers to at least two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "link" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0073] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional dispersion testing apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients, characterized in that: The test housing includes a test shell (1), a test chamber (2) is provided inside the test shell (1), a water inlet (11) is provided at the top of the test shell (1) and the water inlet (11) is connected to the test chamber (2), a pollution source inlet (12) is provided at the top of the test shell (1) and the pollution source inlet (12) is connected to the test chamber (2), and a detection component (3) is provided on the side wall of the test shell (1).

2. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test housing (1) includes an upper cover (14), a column (15) is provided below the upper cover (14), and a lower cover (16) is provided below the column (15). The upper cover (14) and the lower cover (16) are fixed together by a connecting structure (17) for the column (15).

3. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting structure (17) includes a vertically arranged fixing bolt (171). The top end of the fixing bolt (171) is fixedly connected to the upper cover (14), and the bottom end of the fixing bolt (171) is fixedly connected to the lower cover (16). The top wall of the column (15) abuts against the bottom wall of the upper cover (14), and the bottom wall of the column (15) abuts against the top wall of the lower cover (16).

4. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower cover (16) is provided with a water outlet (13) inside. One end of the water outlet (13) is connected to the interior of the test chamber (2), and the other end of the water outlet (13) is connected to the outside.

5. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first sealing ring is provided between the upper cover (14) and the column (15). The upper cover (14) has a first sealing groove relative to the position of the first sealing ring. The first sealing ring is located inside the first sealing groove and between the upper cover (14) and the column (15).

6. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second sealing ring is provided between the lower cover (16) and the column (15). The lower cover (16) has a second sealing groove relative to the position of the second sealing ring. The second sealing ring is located inside the second sealing groove and between the lower cover (16) and the column (15).

7. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 2, characterized in that: The column (15) is a cylindrical structure, and the interior of the column (15) is a cylindrical groove. The pollution source inlet (12) is located at the axial position of the column (15).

8. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 3, characterized in that: Multiple fixing bolts (171) are arranged along the circumference of the upper cover (14), and the multiple fixing bolts (171) are evenly arranged on the upper cover (14).

9. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection component (3) includes a connector (31). The side wall of the test housing (1) is provided with a measuring port (18) relative to the position of the connector (31). The connector (31) is fixedly connected to the measuring port (18). A measuring element is inserted inside the connector (31), and the measuring end of the measuring element extends into the interior of the test chamber (2).

10. A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 7, characterized in that: An inlet pipe is fixedly connected below the pollution source inlet (12). The inlet pipe is coaxially arranged with the pollution source inlet (12), and the interior of the inlet pipe is in relative communication with the pollution source inlet (12).

11. A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 9, characterized in that: The connector (31) includes a connecting shell (311), which is fixedly connected to the test shell (1). A sealing plate (312) is fixedly connected inside the connecting shell (311), which seals the inside of the connecting shell (311). A connecting hole (313) is provided on the sealing plate (312), which completely penetrates the sealing plate (312). The measuring end of the measuring element extends into the interior of the test chamber (2) through the connecting hole (313).

12. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 9, characterized in that: The measuring element is located on the side of the sealing plate (312) away from the center of the test shell (1) and is threadedly connected to the connecting shell (311).

13. A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 9, characterized in that: A sealing element is provided between the connecting hole (313) of the sealing plate (312) and the measuring end of the measuring element.

14. The three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 11, characterized in that: The measuring ports (18) are located on the side wall of the test housing (1) and are multiple in number.

15. A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 14, characterized in that: The plurality of measuring ports (18) are evenly arranged on the test housing (1), and the plurality of measuring ports (18) are equidistantly arranged along the circumference of the test housing (1).

16. A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 14, characterized in that: The measuring ends of the multiple measuring elements extend into the test chamber (2) at different positions.

17. A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 14, characterized in that: The measuring element may be a probe.

18. A three-dimensional dispersion testing apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: When measuring lateral and longitudinal dispersion, water enters through the inlet (11) and exits through the outlet (13). Samples are taken through the measuring device, and the concentration of the samples is accurately determined. Data processing and fitting of the dispersion control equation are performed to accurately obtain the two-dimensional dispersion coefficient. The dispersion control equation is as follows: Where: C is the concentration, t is the time, x and y are the coordinates of the points where the concentration was measured, the injection point is (0,0), and D... T It is the lateral dispersion coefficient, D L It is the radial dispersion coefficient.

19. A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 18, characterized in that: When pollutants are injected instantaneously, the concentration distribution along the central axis changes over time, and the analytical solution is as follows: Where: C is the concentration, M is the total mass injected into the test chamber (2) per unit thickness, l is the width of the test chamber (2), x and y are the coordinates of the points where the concentration is measured, with the injection point as the 0 point, t is time, and D is the distance between the points. x It is the dispersion coefficient in the x-direction (i.e., the radial dispersion coefficient D). T ), D y D is the dispersion coefficient in the y-direction. z It is the dispersion coefficient in the z-direction (in isotropic porous media, the dispersion coefficients in the y and z directions are the same, and can be summarized as the transverse dispersion coefficient in the yz plane, i.e., D). T ), D L It is the radial dispersion coefficient (x-direction), D T q is the lateral dispersion coefficient (yz plane), q is the outlet position of the point source dispersion, and u is the flow velocity.

20. A three-dimensional dispersion test apparatus for simultaneously measuring radial and lateral dispersion coefficients according to claim 18, characterized in that: The concentration distribution along the central axis changes over time with continuous pollutant injection, and the analytical solution is as follows: Where: C is the concentration, M is the total mass injected into the test chamber (2) per unit thickness, l is the width of the test chamber (2), x and y are the coordinates of the points where the concentration is measured, with the injection point as the 0 point, t is time, and D is the distance between the points. x It is the dispersion coefficient in the x-direction (i.e., the radial dispersion coefficient D). T ), D y D is the dispersion coefficient in the y-direction. z These are the dispersion coefficients in the z-direction (in isotropic porous media, the dispersion coefficients in the y and z directions are the same, and can be summarized as the transverse dispersion coefficient in the yz plane, i.e., D). T ), D L It is the radial dispersion coefficient (x-direction), D T q is the lateral dispersion coefficient (yz plane), q is the outlet position of the point source dispersion, and u is the flow velocity.

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