Control method of reconfigurable intelligent metasurface, terminal equipment and storage medium
By detecting time periods and network resources through the RIS controller, the state of the RIS array is dynamically adjusted, which solves the problem of high RIS energy consumption and achieves energy-saving effect under low load conditions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410618224.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
AI Technical Summary
The high energy consumption of RIS urgently needs to be addressed.
The RIS controller detects the current time period and/or wireless network resources, and dynamically adjusts the working status of the RIS array. Under low load conditions, it controls some or all of the RIS arrays to be in a non-working state to reduce energy consumption.
This effectively reduces the energy consumption of the RIS and achieves energy-saving effects in wireless communication networks.
Smart Images
Figure CN120978409A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of mobile communication technology, specifically relating to a control method, terminal device and storage medium for a reconfigurable smart metasurface. Background Technology
[0002] Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technology is a cross-disciplinary collaboration between electromagnetic metamaterials and modern wireless communication technology. Utilizing novel programmable subwavelength two-dimensional metamaterials, it actively modulates electromagnetic waves, configuring parameters between different phases and elements, and guiding the RIS to dynamically select and switch beams, achieving dynamic beam scanning and tracking, and realizing real-time dynamic coordination of electromagnetic waves. RIS technology has important and broad application scenarios in improving wireless signal coverage and filling blind spots in weak fields.
[0003] However, while improving wireless signal strength, RIS consumes a lot of power, and there is an urgent need for a method to reduce RIS power consumption. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application aims to provide a control method, terminal device, and storage medium for reconfigurable smart metasurfaces, at least to solve the problem of high energy consumption of RIS in related technologies.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application propose a control method for a reconfigurable smart metasurface, wherein the reconfigurable smart metasurface (RIS) includes a RIS controller and multiple RIS arrays, and the method includes:
[0006] The RIS controller detects the current time period and / or wireless network resources.
[0007] When the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions, at least some of the RIS arrays among the plurality of RIS arrays are controlled to be in a non-operating state.
[0008] Secondly, embodiments of this application propose a terminal device, including a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.
[0009] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a storage medium on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.
[0010] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a program product comprising a program or instructions stored on a non-transitory readable storage medium, wherein the program or instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.
[0011] In the embodiments of this application, the RIS controller included in the reconfigurable smart metasurface RIS first detects the current time period and / or wireless network resources. Then, when the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions, at least some of the multiple RIS arrays included in the RIS are controlled to be in a non-operating state. Based on the usage of the current time period and / or wireless network resources, the embodiments of this application dynamically adjust the operating state of each array in the RIS. By controlling at least some RIS arrays to be in a non-operating state under the premise of low load, the energy consumption of the RIS can be reduced. Attached Figure Description
[0012] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0013] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a RIS control method provided in one embodiment of this application;
[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a RIS control device provided in one embodiment of this application;
[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a terminal device provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0017] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.
[0018] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.
[0019] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0020] The following is combined Figures 1 to 3 The present application provides a detailed description of a control method, terminal device, and storage medium for a reconfigurable smart metasurface through specific embodiments and application scenarios.
[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a reconfigurable smart metasurface provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the control method for the reconfigurable smart metasurface may include the contents shown in steps 101 to 102.
[0022] In S101, the current time period and / or wireless network resources are detected through the RIS controller.
[0023] The RIS (Radio Router Array) can include a RIS controller and multiple RIS arrays. The RIS controller controls the operating status of the RIS arrays and can also act as a gateway, communicating with other network components (such as base stations, wireless network access points, and user terminals) via a separate wireless link to obtain information such as the current time period and wireless network resources. The RIS arrays can adjust the wireless transmission environment and improve the performance of the wireless communication network.
[0024] Wireless network resources may include wireless network users, wireless network resource blocks, power usage thresholds, and other wireless resources. The specific details can be determined based on the actual application, and this embodiment does not impose any limitations.
[0025] In this embodiment, the current time period can be obtained through the RIS controller, and wireless network resources, such as the number of wireless network users, wireless network resource blocks, and power usage thresholds, can be obtained through communication with other network components to determine whether the low load condition is met.
[0026] In S102, when the current time period and / or the wireless network resources meet the low load conditions, at least some of the RIS arrays among the multiple RIS arrays are controlled to be in a non-working state.
[0027] Low load conditions refer to situations where the wireless communication network does not require high performance. In such cases, some or all RIS arrays can be controlled to be in a non-working state to achieve energy saving and reduce RIS power consumption.
[0028] The condition that the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet the low load condition can include three scenarios: the current time period meets the low load condition, the wireless network resources meet the low load condition, and both the current time period and the wireless network resources meet the low load condition. These are described in detail in the following embodiments.
[0029] It is worth noting that "at least some RIS arrays are in a non-operating state" means that some RIS arrays out of multiple RIS arrays are in a non-operating state, or that all RIS arrays out of multiple RIS arrays are in a non-operating state. Here, "non-operating state" means that the RIS arrays do not regulate the wireless propagation environment.
[0030] In the embodiments of this application, the RIS controller included in the reconfigurable smart metasurface RIS first detects the current time period and / or wireless network resources. Then, when the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions, at least some of the multiple RIS arrays included in the RIS are controlled to be in a non-operating state. Based on the usage of the current time period and / or wireless network resources, the embodiments of this application dynamically adjust the operating state of each array in the RIS. By controlling at least some RIS arrays to be in a non-operating state under the premise of low load, the energy consumption of the RIS can be reduced.
[0031] In one possible implementation of this application, controlling at least some of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions may include: controlling at least some of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the current time period is a preset time period.
[0032] The preset time period refers to the time period during which the wireless communication network does not require high performance, i.e., the time period when the network is idle. The preset time period can be determined based on historical data or application scenarios. For example, when students are going to school, the wireless communication network requires high performance, and the network is in a busy time period. The time period after students leave school can be set as the preset time period. Similarly, the time period when the subway is in operation is a busy time period, and the time period when it is not in operation can be set as the preset time period, i.e., the idle time period. It can also be set according to user needs. This embodiment does not make specific limitations and the actual application shall prevail.
[0033] In other words, when the RIS controller detects that the current time period is a preset time period, it can control some or all RIS arrays to be enabled, that is, to be in a non-working state, in order to reduce RIS energy consumption and make the RIS more energy-efficient.
[0034] In addition to controlling RIS through time periods as mentioned above, RIS can also be controlled through wireless network resources to achieve energy savings. Wireless network resources can include at least one of the following: the number of wireless network users, wireless network resource blocks, and power usage thresholds.
[0035] In other words, if the wireless network resources include at least one of the above and meet the low load conditions, some or all RIS arrays can be controlled to be enabled, i.e., in a non-working state, in order to reduce RIS energy consumption and make RIS more energy-efficient.
[0036] It is worth noting that the RIS controller can communicate with other network components to obtain wireless network resources according to a preset period, or it can communicate with other network components to obtain wireless network resources based on historical data, as described in detail in the following embodiments.
[0037] In one possible implementation of this application, controlling at least a portion of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions may include: controlling at least a portion of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to a first quantity threshold.
[0038] The first quantity threshold can be determined based on experience or historical data. This embodiment does not impose any specific limitations and the actual application shall prevail. The number of wireless network users can refer to the average number of users over a certain period of time or the number of users currently acquired. This embodiment does not impose any specific limitations and the actual application shall prevail.
[0039] It is worth noting that the RIS controller can communicate with other network components to obtain the number of wireless network users according to a preset period; or it can communicate with other network components to obtain wireless network resources based on historical data. For example, if the number of wireless network users is low between 1:00 AM and 5:00 AM in historical data, the number of wireless network users can be obtained in ten-minute intervals during this period. If the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to a first threshold, at least some of the multiple RIS arrays can be controlled to be in a non-working state, while the number of wireless network users can be obtained in half-hour intervals during other time periods. The RIS controller can also communicate with other network components to obtain the number of wireless network users in other ways. This embodiment does not limit the specific methods used, and the actual application shall prevail.
[0040] In this embodiment, when the RIS controller detects that the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to a first quantity threshold, it indicates that there are few users using the wireless communication network. In this case, some or all RIS arrays can be controlled to be enabled, i.e., in a non-working state, to reduce RIS power consumption and make the RIS more energy-efficient.
[0041] In one possible implementation of this application, controlling at least a portion of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the current time period and / or the wireless network resources meet the low load conditions may include: controlling at least a portion of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to a second quantity threshold.
[0042] The second quantity threshold can be determined empirically or based on historical data; however, this embodiment does not impose any specific limitations and the actual application shall prevail. The number of wireless network resource blocks (RBs) can be determined based on the current channel bandwidth and the bandwidth of the RBs, or it can be obtained directly through communication with other network components; however, this embodiment does not impose any specific limitations and the actual application shall prevail.
[0043] It is worth noting that the RIS controller can communicate with other network components to obtain the number of wireless network RBs according to a preset period; or it can communicate with other network components to obtain the number of wireless network RBs at a specific time. This embodiment does not limit the specifics and the actual application shall prevail.
[0044] In this embodiment, when the RIS controller detects that the number of wireless network RBs is less than or equal to the second quantity threshold, it indicates that the user's demand for the wireless communication network is low. In this case, some or all of the RIS arrays can be controlled to be enabled, i.e., in a non-working state, in order to reduce RIS power consumption and make the RIS more energy-efficient.
[0045] In one possible implementation of this application, controlling at least a portion of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions may include: controlling at least a portion of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the power threshold is less than or equal to a third threshold.
[0046] The third threshold can be determined based on experience or historical data. This embodiment does not impose any specific limitations and the actual application shall prevail. The power usage threshold can be obtained from the communication between the RIS controller and other network components, or it can be obtained from the average power usage threshold over a certain period of time. This embodiment does not impose any specific limitations and the actual application shall prevail.
[0047] In this embodiment, when the RIS controller detects that the power threshold is less than or equal to the third threshold, it indicates that the user's demand for the wireless communication network is low. In this case, some or all of the RIS arrays can be controlled to be enabled, i.e., in a non-working state, in order to reduce RIS power consumption and make the RIS more energy-efficient.
[0048] In one possible implementation of this application, controlling at least some of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the current time period and / or the wireless network resources meet the low load conditions may include: controlling at least some of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to a first quantity threshold, and / or the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to a second quantity threshold, and / or the power usage threshold is less than a third threshold, and the current time period is a preset time period.
[0049] The following conditions may be met: the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to a first threshold, and / or the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to a second threshold, and / or the power usage threshold is less than a third threshold, and the current time period is a preset time period:
[0050] 1) The current time period is a preset time period and the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to the first quantity threshold;
[0051] 2) The current time period is a preset time period and the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to the second quantity threshold;
[0052] 3) The current time period is a preset time period and the power consumption threshold is less than the third threshold;
[0053] 4) The current time period is a preset time period, and the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to the first quantity threshold and the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to the second quantity threshold;
[0054] 5) The current time period is a preset time period and the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to the first quantity threshold and the power usage threshold is less than the third threshold;
[0055] 6) The current time period is a preset time period and the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to the second quantity threshold and the power usage threshold is less than the third threshold;
[0056] 7) The current time period is a preset time period and the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to the first quantity threshold, the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to the second quantity threshold, and the power usage threshold is less than the third threshold.
[0057] In other words, when the RIS controller detects the above-mentioned conditions, it can control some or all of the multiple RIS arrays to be enabled, i.e., in a non-working state, in order to reduce RIS energy consumption and make the RIS more energy-efficient.
[0058] In one possible implementation of this application, the control method for the reconfigurable smart metasurface may further include: controlling multiple RIS arrays to be in an operational state when neither the current time period nor the wireless network resources meet the low load conditions.
[0059] In this embodiment, when the RIS controller detects that the current time period is not within the preset time period and none of the wireless network resources meet the low load condition, it indicates that the wireless communication network is busy and the user has a high demand for the wireless communication network. At this time, it is necessary to enable communication for all RIS arrays, that is, all RIS arrays are in working state in order to provide the best RIS performance.
[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a control device for a reconfigurable smart metasurface provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the reconfigurable smart metasurface RIS includes a RIS controller and multiple RIS arrays. The control device for the reconfigurable smart metasurface may include a detection module 201 and a control module 202.
[0061] The detection module 201 is used to detect the current time period and / or wireless network resources through the RIS controller; the control module 202 is used to control at least some of the RIS arrays in the multiple RIS arrays to be in a non-working state when the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet the low load conditions.
[0062] In the embodiments of this application, the detection module 201 first detects the current time period and / or wireless network resources through the RIS controller included in the reconfigurable smart metasurface RIS. Then, the control module 202 controls at least some of the RIS arrays among the multiple RIS arrays included in the RIS to be in a non-working state when the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions. This embodiment of the application dynamically adjusts the working state of each array in the RIS based on the usage of the current time period and / or wireless network resources, controlling at least some RIS arrays to be in a non-working state under the premise of low load, which can reduce RIS energy consumption.
[0063] In one possible implementation of this application, the control module 202 is configured to: control at least a portion of the RIS arrays in a non-working state when the current time period is a preset time period.
[0064] In one possible implementation of this application, wireless network resources include at least one of the following: number of wireless network users, wireless network resource blocks, and power usage threshold.
[0065] In one possible implementation of this application, the control module 202 is configured to: control at least a portion of the RIS arrays among a plurality of RIS arrays to be in a non-working state when the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to a first quantity threshold.
[0066] In one possible implementation of this application, the control module 202 is configured to: control at least a portion of the multiple RIS arrays to be in a non-working state when the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to a second quantity threshold.
[0067] In one possible implementation of this application, the control module 202 is configured to: control at least a portion of the RIS arrays in a non-operating state when the power threshold is less than or equal to a third threshold.
[0068] In one possible implementation of this application, the control module 202 is configured to: control at least a portion of the multiple RIS arrays to be in a non-working state when the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to a first quantity threshold, and / or the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to a second quantity threshold, and / or the power usage threshold is less than a third threshold, and the current time period is a preset time period.
[0069] In one possible embodiment of this application, the control device for the reconfigurable smart metasurface may further include a second control module.
[0070] The second control module is used to control multiple RIS arrays to be in working state when the current time period and wireless network resources do not meet the low load conditions.
[0071] The control device for the reconfigurable smart metasurface provided in this application embodiment can achieve… Figure 1 The various processes implemented in the method embodiments achieve the same technical effect, and will not be described again here to avoid repetition.
[0072] like Figure 3 As shown, this application embodiment also provides a terminal device 300, including a processor 301, a memory 302, and a program or instructions stored in the memory 302 and executable on the processor 301. When the program or instructions are executed by the processor 301, they implement the various processes of the above-described control method embodiment for reconfigurable smart metasurfaces and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.
[0073] This application also provides a storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the control method embodiment for the reconfigurable smart metasurface provided in any of the above embodiments. Since the same technical effects can be achieved, further details are omitted here to avoid repetition.
[0074] The processor is the processor in the terminal device described in the above embodiments. The storage medium includes computer storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.
[0075] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described control method embodiment for reconfigurable smart metasurfaces and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.
[0076] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.
[0077] This application also provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-described control method embodiment for reconfigurable smart metasurfaces, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.
[0078] This application also provides a processing device configured to execute various processes of the above-described control method embodiments for reconfigurable smart metasurfaces, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.
[0079] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.
[0080] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a computer software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.
[0081] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A control method for a reconfigurable smart metasurface, characterized in that, The reconfigurable smart metasurface RIS includes a RIS controller and multiple RIS arrays, and the method includes: The RIS controller detects the current time period and / or wireless network resources. When the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions, at least some of the RIS arrays among the plurality of RIS arrays are controlled to be in a non-operating state.
2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions, controlling at least a portion of the multiple RIS arrays to be in a non-operating state includes: When the current time period is a preset time period, at least some of the RIS arrays among the plurality of RIS arrays are controlled to be in a non-working state.
3. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless network resources include at least one of the following: number of wireless network users, wireless network resource blocks, and power usage threshold.
4. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions, controlling at least a portion of the multiple RIS arrays to be in a non-operating state includes: When the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to a first threshold, at least some of the RIS arrays among the plurality of RIS arrays are controlled to be in a non-operating state.
5. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions, controlling at least a portion of the multiple RIS arrays to be in a non-operating state includes: When the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to a second quantity threshold, at least some of the RIS arrays among the plurality of RIS arrays are controlled to be in a non-working state.
6. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions, controlling at least a portion of the multiple RIS arrays to be in a non-operating state includes: When the power threshold is less than or equal to the third threshold, at least some of the plurality of RIS arrays are controlled to be in a non-operating state.
7. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the current time period and / or wireless network resources meet low load conditions, controlling at least a portion of the multiple RIS arrays to be in a non-operating state includes: When the number of wireless network users is less than or equal to a first threshold, and / or the number of wireless network resource blocks is less than or equal to a second threshold, and / or the power usage threshold is less than a third threshold, and the current time period is a preset time period, at least some of the RIS arrays among the plurality of RIS arrays are controlled to be in a non-working state.
8. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When neither the current time period nor the wireless network resources meet the low load condition, the multiple RIS arrays are controlled to be in an active state.
9. A terminal device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the control method for the reconfigurable smart metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the control method for the reconfigurable smart metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. A program product, characterized in that, The program product is stored in a storage medium and is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the control method for the reconfigurable smart metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.