Irrigation device, crop growth monitoring equipment and intelligent irrigation and fertilization method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to an irrigation device, crop growth monitoring equipment and an intelligent irrigation and fertilization method.The irrigation device comprises a support fixedly installed on a water pipe, the support is provided with a water storage tank with the top end open and of a hollow structure, and the water storage tank is slidably connected with the support in the vertical direction; an elastic supporting piece is arranged below the water storage tank; a hollow drill bit is arranged below the water storage tank, one end of the drill bit is rotationally connected with the bottom wall of the water storage tank with the axis of the drill bit as the center and communicated with the bottom wall, and the other end of the drill bit vertically extends downwards and is provided with an opening. A linkage assembly is arranged between the water storage tank and the drill bit. The problems that in the prior art, devices such as pipelines and drip irrigation emitters buried underground are difficult to overhaul and maintain, blockage or leakage cannot be quickly found visually, the drip irrigation emitters buried underground for a long time are prone to being wound by crop roots or blocked by soil particles, and the reliability and the service life of follow-up irrigation are affected are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural irrigation technology, in particular to an irrigation device, a crop growth monitoring device and an intelligent irrigation and fertilization method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Irrigation and fertilization are key technical measures to ensure high yield and high quality of crops. Traditional irrigation methods (such as flooding irrigation and sprinkler irrigation) apply water and fertilizer to the soil surface, which not only causes huge evaporation loss, but also makes it difficult to penetrate to the deep soil where the crop roots are concentrated, resulting in low water and fertilizer utilization rate and reducing the crop resistance by stimulating the growth of surface roots.

[0003] In the prior art, there is also an irrigation method of underground drip irrigation, which directly buries pipes, drip irrigation devices and other devices into the soil to drip irrigate the soil near the crop root zone and deliver water and fertilizer directly to the crop root zone to reduce water and fertilizer evaporation loss and improve utilization rate. However, the pipes, drip irrigation devices (such as drippers) buried underground are difficult to maintain and repair, and once they are blocked or leaked, they cannot be quickly discovered by visual inspection to take appropriate remedial measures. Moreover, the drip irrigation devices are buried underground for a long time, which are easily entangled by crop roots or blocked by soil particles, affecting the reliability and service life of subsequent irrigation.

[0004] In recent years, with the development of agricultural information monitoring technology, small-scale monitoring methods based on sensors and other facilities and equipment have emerged, such as selecting a typical small area in a field or using a culture device simulating a field environment to collect real-time key information such as crop root growth state (such as growth direction and depth), soil moisture and nutrient content. Through analysis of these monitoring data, the crop water and fertilizer demand law can be more accurately mastered, and the irrigation and fertilization measures of large-area farmland can be adjusted accordingly to achieve more precise water and fertilizer regulation. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application aims to provide an irrigation device, a crop growth monitoring device and an intelligent irrigation and fertilization method to solve the problem that the pipes, drip irrigation devices and other devices buried underground in the prior art are difficult to maintain and repair, and once they are blocked or leaked, they cannot be quickly discovered by visual inspection. The drip irrigation devices are buried underground for a long time, which are easily entangled by crop roots or blocked by soil particles, affecting the reliability and service life of subsequent irrigation.

[0006] The present application is achieved by the following technical solutions: An irrigation device, comprising a support fixedly installed on a water pipe, wherein a water storage tank with a hollow structure and an open top end is arranged on the support, and the water storage tank is slidably connected with the support in the vertical direction. The water storage tank is provided below with an elastic support, one end of which is in abutment with the outer bottom surface of the water storage tank, and the other end is in abutment with the bottom of the support, and the water storage tank is in abutment with the top of the support when the elastic support is naturally stretched; The water storage tank is provided below with a hollow drill bit, one end of which is rotatably connected with the bottom wall of the water storage tank with the drill bit axis as the center, and they are in communication with each other, and the other end of the drill bit extends vertically downward, and the end is provided with an opening; A linkage assembly is provided between the water storage tank and the drill bit, and the drill bit is driven to rotate on the water storage tank through the linkage assembly when the water storage tank slides downward on the support.

[0007] Further, the top end of the drill bit penetrates the bottom wall of the water storage tank and extends into the water storage tank, and is rotatably connected, and the end face of the top end of the drill bit is open; An opening is formed in the top end of the drill bit, and a spiral groove extends axially towards the drill bit; The linkage assembly includes a push rod in a vertical state, the top end of the push rod is fixedly connected with the top of the support, and the bottom end of the push rod is inserted into the opening at the top end of the drill bit and is fixedly connected with the sliding block.

[0008] Further, the bottom end of the push rod is coaxially fixedly connected with a water stop plug, the outer circular surface of the water stop plug is in abutment with the inner circular surface of the drill bit, and the sliding groove is located on the movement track of the water stop plug; When the water storage tank is in abutment with the top of the support, the water stop plug protrudes out of the opening at the bottom end of the drill bit.

[0009] Further, the support includes two slide rods in a vertical state, the two slide rods are fixedly connected by a connecting rod, and the top end of each of the two slide rods is fixedly connected with a hoop; The bottom end of the slide rod extends through the side wall of the water storage tank to the lower side of the water storage tank and is slidingly connected.

[0010] A crop growth monitoring device includes the irrigation device described above, further comprising an outer pipe and an inner pipe embedded in the outer pipe and fixedly connected coaxially with the outer pipe, an annular cavity for containing soil is formed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe; A water delivery pipe with a bottom wall provided with a water outlet is fixedly installed at the top end of the outer pipe, the support is detachably fixedly installed on the water delivery pipe, and the top end opening of the water storage tank is opposite to the water outlet of the water delivery pipe; A plurality of sensors for collecting soil data are arranged on the side wall of the outer pipe, and the plurality of sensors are uniformly distributed around the circumferential direction of the outer pipe.

[0011] Further, the outer pipe is composed of three coaxial pipe bodies, and the plurality of sensors are divided into three groups, and the three groups of sensors are installed on the three pipe bodies respectively.

[0012] An intelligent irrigation and fertilization method, comprising using the crop growth monitoring device described above, comprising the following steps: S1, predicting the crop water and fertilizer requirement law by combining meteorological data and crop growth stages through a crop growth simulation model; S2, simulating the migration and distribution state of water and fertilizer in the soil by using a soil solute transport model; S3, collecting soil water content, conductivity, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients and root distribution data in real time through the crop growth monitoring device; S4, inputting the collected data into a machine learning module, training an inversion model and assimilating the crop model and the soil model to generate optimal water and fertilizer control parameters; S5, inputting the optimized parameters into a programmable logic controller to automatically adjust the water flow, fertilizer pump speed and fertilizer tank valve opening of the irrigation and fertilization machine.

[0013] Further, the root distribution data in S3 is obtained by an in-situ root scanner and is used to correct the root zone parameters of the soil solute transport model.

[0014] Further, the machine learning in S4 uses a regression analysis algorithm to establish a mapping relationship between the irrigation and fertilization scheme and the crop response; The water and fertilizer parameters are dynamically adjusted through a reinforcement learning algorithm.

[0015] Further, the programmable logic controller in S5 adjusts the irrigation amount, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio and fertilization frequency according to the crop growth stages.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application are: The irrigation device, crop growth monitoring device and intelligent irrigation and fertilization method increase the weight of the water storage tank as a whole by injecting water or water and fertilizer into the water storage tank, and the water storage tank slides downward on the support under the action of gravity, pushes the drill bit against the soil and inserts into the soil, forming a channel for water or water and fertilizer to directly enter the soil interior, reducing water evaporation loss and facilitating plant root absorption.

[0017] At the same time, the linkage assembly transmits power to the drill bit, making the drill bit move downward and rotate synchronously, drilling the soil with the drill bit to improve the soil breaking capacity and assist the drill bit bottom end to insert into the soil interior for precise irrigation. After irrigation is completed, the elastic support member drives the water storage tank to rise and reset, pulling the drill bit out of the soil, so that all parts of the irrigation device are located above the ground, facilitating visual inspection and maintenance and replacement. Moreover, the drill bit is only inserted into the soil during irrigation, reducing the risk of the drill bit bottom opening being wrapped and blocked by crop roots.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of AA; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B (State 1); Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B (State 2); Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the irrigation device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bracket in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drill bit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Bracket; 11. Push rod; 111. Slider; 112. Water stop plug; 12. Slide rod; 13. Clamp; 2. Water tank; 3. Compression spring; 4. Drill bit; 41. Slide groove; 51. Outer pipe; 52. Inner pipe; 6. Water supply pipe; 7. Sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0023] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the accompanying drawings, and once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0024] In the foregoing description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "one side", "the other side" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed during use, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In addition, the terms "same" and the like do not mean that the parts must be absolutely the same, but there can be slight differences. The term "vertical" only means that the positional relationship between the parts is more vertical than "parallel", and does not mean that the structure must be completely vertical, but can be slightly inclined.

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1-8 The present application provides a technical solution: an irrigation device, comprising a support 1 fixedly installed on a water pipe, a water storage tank 2 with a hollow structure and an open top end is arranged on the support 1, and the water storage tank 2 is slidably connected with the support 1 in the vertical direction; An elastic support is arranged below the water storage tank 2, one end of the elastic support abuts against the outer bottom surface of the water storage tank 2, the other end abuts against the bottom of the support 1, and the water storage tank 2 abuts against the top of the support 1 in the natural extension state of the elastic support; A hollow drill bit 4 is arranged below the water storage tank 2, one end of the drill bit 4 is rotatably connected with the bottom wall of the water storage tank 2 with the axis of the drill bit 4 as the center, and they are in communication with each other, the other end of the drill bit 4 extends vertically downward, and an opening is arranged at the end portion; A linkage assembly is arranged between the water storage tank 2 and the drill bit 4, and when the water storage tank 2 slides downward on the support 1, the linkage assembly drives the drill bit 4 to rotate on the water storage tank 2.

[0027] In this scheme, by injecting water or water fertilizer into the water storage tank 2, the overall weight of the water storage tank 2 is increased, and under the action of gravity, the water storage tank 2 slides downward on the support 1, pushes the drill bit 4 to abut against the soil, and inserts into the soil, forming a channel for water or water fertilizer to directly enter the inside of the soil, reducing water evaporation loss, and facilitating plant root absorption.

[0028] Simultaneously, the linkage component transmits power to the drill bit 4, causing its downward movement and rotation to occur synchronously. The drill bit 4 drills into the soil, improving its soil-breaking ability and assisting in its insertion into the soil for precise irrigation. After irrigation, the elastic support component drives the water tank 2 to rise and reset, pulling the drill bit 4 out of the soil. This ensures all components of the irrigation device are above ground level, facilitating visual inspection and maintenance. Furthermore, the fact that the drill bit 4 is only inserted into the soil during irrigation reduces the risk of its bottom opening being blocked by crop roots.

[0029] The water storage tank 2 is equipped with a flow guide at its open end. The flow guide has hollow openings at both ends and is conical in shape. The smaller diameter end of the flow guide is inserted into the opening of the water storage tank 2 and fixedly connected to it, forming a funnel-like structure to allow water or fertilizer sprayed from the water outlet (such as a sprinkler) on the water pipe to flow into the water storage tank 2. Alternatively, soluble solid fertilizer can be directly filled into the water storage tank 2, and will automatically dissolve and mix after water is added to the tank, allowing for individual irrigation and fertilization of plants near the drill bit 4, achieving differentiated cultivation.

[0030] The elastic support component can be selected as a compression spring 3, which provides elastic support for the water storage tank 2. During use, when the water storage tank 2 is empty (no water or fertilizer inside), such as... Figure 5 As shown in state two, the compression spring 3 is slightly compressed, and its elastic force is equal to the weight of the water tank 2. A certain distance exists between the bottom of the drill bit 4 and the soil surface. When the water tank 2 is fully loaded, as... Figure 4 As shown in State 1, the compression spring 3 is fully compressed (maximum deformation), allowing the water tank 2 to slide downwards. When filled with water or fertilizer, it can slide smoothly downwards, causing the drill bit 4 to contact the soil, or even penetrate the soil. Compared to the traditional method of burying water pipes directly in the soil, the water pipes used with this device are installed above ground, allowing for timely visual detection of leaks (pipe breaks) and subsequent repair and replacement.

[0031] like Figure 8 As shown, the drill bit 4 includes a rod and a spiral blade. The rod has hollow openings at both ends. The top opening communicates with the inside of the water storage tank 2, while the bottom end is used to abut against the soil surface or insert into the soil. The interior of the rod forms a channel for the solution to flow from the water storage tank 2 into the soil. By setting the orifice diameter at the bottom of the rod (e.g., orifice diameter = 1.5 mm, adjusting the number of openings according to actual usage needs to reduce the probability of the water outlet channel being completely blocked), the solution can form water droplets for drip irrigation after flowing out. By controlling the pressure of the solution in the matching water pipe, the solution is sprayed from the nozzle into the water storage tank 2, ensuring that the outflow from the water storage tank 2 per unit time is less than the inflow. Therefore, the water storage tank 2 continuously stores water and increases in weight, achieving the purpose of delayed irrigation.

[0032] The spiral blade is set on the outer circular surface of the bottom end of the rod, spirally wound along the axial direction of the rod, and fixedly connected to the rod. When the drill bit 4 rotates, the spiral blade can cut the soil and lift the soil, making the soil loose so that the rod can be inserted and water or fertilizer can penetrate, reducing the evaporation loss of water in the hot surface soil.

[0033] Additionally, when all the water or fertilizer in the water storage tank 2 has drained out, the elastic support can push the water storage tank 2 upwards to reset, causing the bottom end (spiral blade) of the drill bit 4 to unscrew from the soil and expose it to the air. During the reverse upward movement of the drill bit 4, the soil on the spiral blade slides down the surface of the spiral blade to facilitate the next irrigation operation. This method is suitable for locations with low soil viscosity, such as sandy soil.

[0034] In this embodiment: the top end of the drill bit 4 penetrates the bottom wall of the water storage tank 2 and extends into the water storage tank 2, and is rotatably fitted, and the end face of the top end of the drill bit 4 is open; The top opening of the drill bit 4 is provided with a groove 41 that extends spirally toward the axis of the drill bit 4, and a slider 111 is slidably fitted in the groove 41. The linkage component includes a vertical push rod 11, the top end of which is fixedly connected to the top of the bracket 1, and the bottom end of which is inserted into the top opening of the drill bit 4 and fixedly connected to the slider 111.

[0035] In this plan, such as Figure 3 As shown, a through hole adapted to the top of the drill bit 4 is provided on the bottom wall of the water storage tank 2. An annular groove is provided on the outer circular surface of the top of the drill bit 4. An annular protrusion is provided on the side wall of the through hole. By embedding the annular protrusion into the annular groove, the drill bit 4 is rotatably connected to the water storage tank 2. A sealing gasket is installed between the annular protrusion and the annular groove to restrict water from flowing out from the gap between the side wall of the through hole and the outer circular surface of the drill bit 4.

[0036] The end face of the drill bit 4 is flush with the bottom surface of the water tank 2, and the solution in the water tank 2 can be completely discharged from the drill bit 4.

[0037] The diameter of the push rod 11 is equal to the inner diameter of the drill bit 4. The slider 111 is a frustum extending radially toward the push rod 11. A gap (for the solution to pass through) is provided between its end facing away from the push rod 11 and the curved surface of the groove 41 facing away from the axis of the drill bit 4. Alternatively, the diameter of the boss can be set to be smaller than the width of the groove 41, so that the groove 41 serves as a channel for the solution to flow out of the water storage tank 2. By setting the gap size, the flow rate of the solution can be controlled, thereby increasing the size of the opening at the bottom of the drill bit 4 and reducing the risk of the opening being blocked by soil due to its small size. Even if soil enters the interior of the drill bit 4, the aqueous solution can still penetrate through it for irrigation.

[0038] When in use, the water tank 2 slides downwards, and the drill bit 4 moves downwards together. The curved surface of the slide groove 41 facing the top of the drill bit 4 abuts against the outer circular surface of the slider 111 (the contact points converge into a straight line). Since the slider 111 and the push rod 11 are fixedly connected to the bracket 1, the slider 111 applies resistance to the corresponding curved surface of the slide groove 41, generating a component force along the circumference of the drill bit 4. As a result, the drill bit 4 rotates on the water tank 2 and rotates synchronously during the descent.

[0039] In this embodiment: a water stop plug 112 is coaxially fixedly connected to the bottom end of the push rod 11. The outer circular surface of the water stop plug 112 is in contact with the inner circular surface of the drill bit 4, and the sliding groove 41 is located on the movement trajectory of the water stop plug 112. When the water storage tank 2 abuts against the top of the support 1, the water stop plug 112 protrudes out of the bottom opening of the drill bit 4.

[0040] In this plan, such as Figure 5 As shown, one end of the groove 41 is connected to the opening at the top of the drill bit 4, and the other end extends spirally toward the bottom of the drill bit 4, but does not connect to the opening at the bottom of the drill bit 4 (e.g., 1 cm away from the end face of the bottom of the drill bit 4). When the water stop plug 112 slides to the point where the bottom of the drill bit 4 is misaligned with the groove 41, it can block the channel for the solution to flow out, and at the same time push out the soil embedded in the drill bit 4, so as to facilitate secondary water storage and irrigation.

[0041] In this embodiment: the bracket 1 includes two vertical sliding rods 12, which are fixedly connected by a connecting rod, and each of the two sliding rods 12 is fixedly connected to a clamp 13 at its top. The bottom end of the slide rod 12 extends through the side wall of the water storage tank 2 to the bottom of the water storage tank 2 and is slidably engaged.

[0042] In this plan, such as Figure 6 , 7 As shown, two parallel sliding rods 12 pass through the side wall of the water tank 2, allowing the water tank 2 to slide (rise or fall) only along the length of the sliding rods 12 on the support 1. Two compression springs 3 are provided, each sleeved on a section of the two sliding rods 12 outside the bottom surface of the water tank 2, providing support force to the water tank 2 along the length of the sliding rods 12.

[0043] The clamp 13 is used for detachable and fixed connection with the matching water pipe, and the position of the irrigation device on the matching water pipe can be freely adjusted to irrigate the soil below it.

[0044] A crop growth monitoring device includes the irrigation device described above, and also includes an outer tube 51 and an inner tube 52 embedded in the outer tube 51 and fixedly connected to the outer tube 51 coaxially, wherein an annular cavity for holding soil is formed between the outer tube 51 and the inner tube 52. The outer tube 51 top end fixedly installed with the bottom wall of the water outlet of the water pipe 6, the support 1 is detachably fixedly installed on the water pipe 6, and the water storage tank 2 top end opening is opposite to the water outlet of the water pipe 6; The outer tube 51 side wall is provided with a plurality of sensors 7 for collecting soil data, and a plurality of the sensors 7 are uniformly distributed around the circumferential direction of the outer tube 51.

[0045] In the scheme, as shown in the figure, Figure 1 , 2 The soil is poured into the annular cavity between the outer tube 51 and the inner tube 52, irrigation is carried out by using the irrigation device, the target plant growth environment is constructed, and the sensor 7 is used to collect soil information, which is used to study the growth rule of the target crop and the nutrient requirement amount at different growth stages.

[0046] The irrigation device is used for irrigation and fertilization of the soil in the simulation environment. When the support 1 is detachably connected with the water pipe 6, the soil surface can be irrigated (drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, etc.) by using the water outlet diameter of the bottom wall of the water pipe 6 when the water pipe 6 is detached. It is suitable for target plant seed germination period, seedling stage and early transplanting period. When the support 1 is fixedly installed on the water pipe 6, the solution flowing out of the water outlet of the water pipe 6 directly flows into the water storage tank 2, and is delivered to the inside of the soil through the drill bit 4, and is irrigated in the soil. It is suitable for target plant root expansion period, vegetative growth period and flowering and fruiting period. It can be flexibly selected according to actual use requirements.

[0047] The inner tube 52 is a transparent circular tube, and the bottom end is sealed, which is used for installing an in-situ root scanner (such as a precision free -hand / automatic root scanner). The in-situ root scanner can non-destructively scan and image the target plant root in-situ, collect the target plant root growth distribution data (root length, diameter, area, volume, root tip count, etc.), and the measurement process does not interfere with the growth of the root system. The growth or death of the plant root system is monitored.

[0048] The sensor 7 includes a soil temperature and humidity sensor (used to measure and obtain soil temperature and water content data), a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor (used to measure and obtain soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content data), and a soil conductivity sensor (used to measure and obtain soil moisture and salt data). The above three types of sensors 7 are provided with a plurality of sensors 7, which are uniformly arranged around the circumferential direction of the outer tube 51 (such as, the distance between two adjacent sensors 7 is 10 cm, and the diameter of the outer tube 51 can be set to 40 cm), so as to measure the soil data at different positions around the target plant.

[0049] Further, the target plant is planted in the annular cavity between the outer tube 51 and the inner tube 52, so that the distance of the target plant to each position in the circumferential direction of the outer tube 51 is different, the sensors 7 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the outer tube 51, the probes of the sensors 7 penetrate the outer tube 51 and are inserted into the soil to collect data of the soil near the inner wall of the outer tube 51, so that multiple sensors 7 of the same type (such as soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensors 7) can collect data of the soil at different positions near and far from the target plant, such as the side of the outer tube 51 facing the center of the outer tube 51 (near) or the side of the outer tube 51 facing away from the center of the outer tube 51 (far) of the target plant, to assist in understanding the distribution of soil nutrients and water near the target plant.

[0050] In the embodiment, the outer tube 51 is composed of three coaxial tubes, and the plurality of sensors 7 are divided into three groups, and the three groups of sensors 7 are respectively installed on the three tubes.

[0051] In the scheme, the plurality of sensors 7 are divided into three groups and respectively installed on the three tubes, and the three tubes are stacked in a vertical direction to form a whole, so that the three groups of sensors 7 respectively collect data of the soil at different depths in the simulated environment, and the two-dimensional plane data is expanded to three-dimensional data, so that the distribution of nutrients and water in the soil is more comprehensively monitored.

[0052] An intelligent irrigation and fertilization method, comprising using the crop growth monitoring device, comprising the following steps: S1, predicting the water and fertilizer requirement rule of crops by combining meteorological data and crop growth stages through a crop growth simulation model; S2, simulating the migration and distribution state of water and fertilizer in the soil by using a soil solute transport model; S3, collecting soil water content, electrical conductivity, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients and root distribution data in real time through the crop growth monitoring device; S4, inputting the collected data into a machine learning module, training an inversion model, and assimilating the crop model and the soil model to generate optimal water and fertilizer control parameters; S5, inputting the optimized parameters into a programmable logic controller to automatically adjust the water flow, fertilizer pump speed and fertilizer tank valve opening of the irrigation and fertilization machine.

[0053] In this scheme, the crop growth simulation model is a mechanism model based on physiological and ecological processes (such as Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT), AquaCrop, etc.). Through the dynamic simulation of the physiological water and fertilizer demand process of crops by the crop growth simulation model, combined with real-time meteorological data (including light, temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall) and the growth stage of crops (such as germination period, vegetative growth period, flowering period, fruiting period and maturation period), the water transpiration and nutrient demand of crops at different time scales (daily or hourly) are predicted, and the baseline prediction of crop water and fertilizer demand is formed. Provide a theoretical basis and initial input for subsequent precision regulation.

[0054] In this embodiment: the root distribution data in S3 is obtained by an in-situ root scanner, and is used to correct the root zone parameters of the soil solute transport model.

[0055] In this scheme, the root distribution data (including root length density distribution, root surface area index and root depth) obtained by the in-situ root scanner is used to describe the root-soil interface. These data are input into the soil solute transport model to dynamically correct its root zone parameters, including root water absorption function, nutrient absorption rate, and diffusion and migration coefficient of solutes around the rhizosphere. By coupling the spatial distribution characteristics of the root system with the soil water and fertilizer transport process, the accuracy of the model in dynamically simulating the water and fertilizer in the root zone is improved, and the spatial positioning basis for differentiated irrigation and fertilization is provided.

[0056] In this embodiment: the machine learning in S4 uses a regression analysis algorithm to establish a mapping relationship between the irrigation and fertilization scheme and the crop response; The water and fertilizer parameters are dynamically adjusted by a reinforcement learning algorithm.

[0057] In this scheme, the machine learning module uses a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) or Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) algorithm, takes historical irrigation and fertilization schemes (including irrigation amount, fertilization amount, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio, and fertilization frequency) as input, and takes crop response indicators (such as leaf area index, biomass accumulation, yield and quality parameters) as output, to establish a non-linear mapping relationship model for predicting the implementation effect of different water and fertilizer strategies.

[0058] At the same time, the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) reinforcement learning algorithm is introduced, taking the real-time growth state of crops and soil monitoring data as the environmental state, and taking the water and fertilizer control parameters as the action space. Through continuous interaction with the environment and obtaining rewards (such as crop growth rate improvement and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency optimization), the optimal combination of water and fertilizer parameters is dynamically adjusted and output, realizing adaptive optimization control.

[0059] In this embodiment: the programmable logic controller in S5 adjusts the irrigation amount, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio, and fertilization frequency according to the growth stage of crops.

[0060] In the scheme, the programmable logic controller (PLC) receives the optimal water and fertilizer regulation parameter set generated by the machine learning module, and executes the dynamic regulation strategy according to the specific growth stage (such as the early stage of vegetative growth, the flowering stage, the fruit enlargement stage, etc.) of the crop at present.

[0061] The programmable logic controller adjusts the actuator of the irrigation and fertilization machine according to the preset time period (such as 4 hours): the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm is used to adjust the water pump frequency converter to control the water flow; the step motor speed of the fertilization pump is controlled to accurately control the injection amount of the mother liquor; the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve on the fertilization tank is adjusted to change the mixing ratio of different fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The process ensures that the water and fertilizer supply is accurately matched with the stage demand and root absorption capacity of the crop in space and time.

[0062] In addition, the water outlet of the water supply pipe 6 is also provided with an electromagnetic valve connected with the programmable logic controller, and the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve is automatically controlled by the programmable logic controller to inject water or water and fertilizer into the water storage tank 2 to accurately control the injection amount (irrigation amount).

[0063] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the present application, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An irrigation device, characterized in that; Includes a bracket (1) fixedly installed on a water pipe, and a water storage tank (2) with a hollow structure and an open top is provided on the bracket (1). The water storage tank (2) and the bracket (1) are slidably connected in the vertical direction. An elastic support is provided below the water storage tank (2). One end of the elastic support abuts against the outer bottom surface of the water storage tank (2), and the other end abuts against the bottom of the bracket (1). When the elastic support is in its naturally extended state, the water storage tank (2) abuts against the top of the bracket (1). A hollow drill bit (4) is provided below the water storage tank (2). One end of the drill bit (4) is rotatably connected to the bottom wall of the water storage tank (2) with the axis of the drill bit (4) as the center, and they are interconnected. The other end of the drill bit (4) extends vertically downward and has an opening at the end. A linkage component is provided between the water storage tank (2) and the drill bit (4). When the water storage tank (2) slides down on the support (1), the linkage component drives the drill bit (4) to rotate on the water storage tank (2).

2. The irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the drill bit (4) penetrates the bottom wall of the water storage tank (2) and extends into the water storage tank (2), and is rotatably fitted. The end face of the top of the drill bit (4) is open. The top opening of the drill bit (4) has a groove (41) that extends spirally toward the axial direction of the drill bit (4), and a slider (111) is slidably fitted in the groove (41). The linkage component includes a vertical push rod (11), the top end of which is fixedly connected to the top of the bracket (1), and the bottom end of which is inserted into the top opening of the drill bit (4) and fixedly connected to the slider (111).

3. The irrigation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom end of the push rod (11) is coaxially fixedly connected to a water stop plug (112). The outer circular surface of the water stop plug (112) is in contact with the inner circular surface of the drill bit (4), and the slide groove (41) is located on the movement trajectory of the water stop plug (112). When the top of the water tank (2) abuts against the support (1), the water stop plug (112) protrudes out of the bottom opening of the drill bit (4).

4. The irrigation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket (1) includes two vertical sliding rods (12), which are fixedly connected by a connecting rod, and each of the two sliding rods (12) is fixedly connected to a clamp (13) at its top. The bottom end of the slide bar (12) extends through the side wall of the water storage tank (2) to the bottom of the water storage tank (2) and slides in fit.

5. A crop growth monitoring device, comprising the irrigation device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: It also includes an outer tube (51) and an inner tube (52) embedded in the outer tube (51) and fixedly connected to the outer tube (51) coaxially, wherein an annular cavity for holding soil is formed between the outer tube (51) and the inner tube (52); The top of the outer pipe (51) is fixedly installed with a water supply pipe (6) with an outlet on the bottom wall. The bracket (1) is detachably fixedly installed on the water supply pipe (6), and the top opening of the water storage tank (2) is opposite to the outlet of the water supply pipe (6). The outer tube (51) is provided with several sensors (7) for collecting soil data on its side wall, and the sensors (7) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the outer tube (51).

6. The crop growth monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer tube (51) is composed of three coaxial tubes spliced ​​together, and the sensors (7) are divided into three groups, with the three groups of sensors (7) respectively installed on the three tubes.

7. A smart irrigation and fertilization method, comprising using the crop growth monitoring device as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. By using crop growth simulation models and combining meteorological data with crop growth stages, predict the water and fertilizer requirements of crops. S2. Using a soil solute transport model, simulate the transport and distribution of water and fertilizer in the soil; S3. Real-time data on soil moisture content, electrical conductivity, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and root distribution are collected using crop growth monitoring equipment. S4. Input the collected data into the machine learning module to train the inversion model and assimilate the crop model and soil model to generate the optimal water and fertilizer regulation parameters. S5. Input the optimized parameters into the programmable logic controller to automatically adjust the water flow rate of the irrigation and fertilization machine, the speed of the fertilizer pump, and the opening of the fertilizer tank valve.

8. The intelligent irrigation and fertilization method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Root distribution data in S3 was obtained through an in-situ root scanner and used to correct the root zone parameters of the soil solute transport model.

9. The intelligent irrigation and fertilization method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S4, machine learning uses regression analysis algorithms to establish a mapping relationship between irrigation and fertilization programs and crop responses; Water and fertilizer parameters are dynamically adjusted using reinforcement learning algorithms.

10. The intelligent irrigation and fertilization method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S5 programmable logic controller adjusts irrigation volume, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio, and fertilization frequency according to the crop growth stage.

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