3D printing calcaneus screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneus screw placement and preparation method of 3D printing calcaneus screw placement guide plate

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of orthopedic surgical instruments, in particular to a 3D printing calcaneus screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneus screw placement and a preparation method of the 3D printing calcaneus screw placement guide plate. Wherein the plate body is provided with an inner surface and an outer surface opposite to the inner surface, and the inner surface of the plate body is a fitting curved surface matched with the contour of the surface of a heel; the guide part is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the plate body, and the guide part is located in the middle area of the outer surface of the plate body; the guide part comprises a plurality of screw placement guide columns fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the plate body, and screw placement holes formed along the central axes of the screw placement guide columns; the nail placing holes penetrate through the plate body; according to the 3D printing calcaneus screw placement guide plate, through design and 3D printing manufacturing based on patient individual anatomical features, accurate guiding of percutaneous calcaneus screw placement is achieved, and the problem that due to the fact that a traditional percutaneous operation depends on experience of an operator, accuracy is insufficient is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of orthopedic surgical instruments, and more particularly to a 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone in the foot, bearing the body's weight and participating in daily activities such as walking and jumping. The integrity of its anatomical structure is crucial for foot function. Calcaneal fractures, especially intra-articular fractures, can easily lead to foot deformities, chronic pain, and traumatic arthritis if not treated properly, severely impacting the patient's quality of life. Percutaneous calcaneal screw placement is a key minimally invasive technique for treating calcaneal fractures. It is suitable for patients with Sander type II and some type III intra-articular fractures with fewer fracture fragments, less displacement, and less severe articular surface collapse, or for patients with poor soft tissue conditions such as severe tension blisters, skin damage, or systemic diseases like diabetes, where open surgery carries a higher risk.

[0003] Compared to the traditional "L"-shaped lateral incision surgery, which has an incision length of 10-15cm and is prone to damaging the sural nerve and flap blood supply, the percutaneous calcaneal screw placement surgery has an incision of only 0.5-1cm. Combined with intradermal cosmetic sutures, the scar is smaller and more aesthetically pleasing. At the same time, it can avoid extensive dissection of the lateral calcaneal flap, significantly reducing the risk of poor wound healing, non-healing, and infection after surgery. According to clinical data, the complication rate of traditional surgery is about 15%-20%, while it is reduced to 3%-5% after the application of percutaneous technology. The blood loss of traditional surgery can reach 200-300ml, while the blood loss of percutaneous technology is controlled at 20-50ml, which greatly reduces the need for blood transfusion and the risk of anemia.

[0004] With the trend of digital and intelligent medical development, percutaneous calcaneal screw placement needs to further improve its precision to ensure surgical outcomes. Currently, the precision of screw placement in existing percutaneous surgeries highly depends on the surgeon's experience, requiring repeated adjustments to the drill or screw angle during the procedure. This can easily lead to problems such as screw placement deviations and improper angles, potentially causing unstable fracture fixation and affecting healing. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a screw placement aid that can combine individual patient anatomical characteristics and achieve precise guidance through digital and intelligent technology. This invention proposes a 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate to address this need. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement and its preparation method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement includes: a plate body and a guide portion;

[0008] The board has an inner surface and an outer surface opposite to the inner surface. The inner surface of the board is a conforming curved surface that matches the contour of the heel. A guide is fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the board and is located in the middle region of the outer surface of the board. The guide includes a plurality of pin guide posts fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the board and pin holes opened along the central axis of the pin guide posts. The pin holes penetrate the board.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner surface includes: a first fitting surface, a transition arc surface, and a second fitting surface; wherein, the first fitting surface is adapted to the contour of the skin surface on the back side of the heel, and the second fitting surface is adapted to the contour of the skin surface on the bottom side of the heel; the first fitting surface and the second fitting surface are connected by the transition arc surface, and the first fitting surface and the second fitting surface have a first included angle, which is 80° to 150°.

[0010] Furthermore, the facial shapes of the first and second clasping surfaces are determined by preoperative planning.

[0011] Furthermore, the plate and the guide section are integrally formed.

[0012] Furthermore, the plate and the guide section are integrally formed using 3D printing technology.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the nail insertion hole matches the diameter of the drill bit or screw used in the surgery.

[0014] Furthermore, the plate and the guide part are made of at least one of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), pure titanium, or titanium alloy.

[0015] Furthermore, there are two pin guide posts, which are arranged in parallel.

[0016] A method for manufacturing a 3D-printed calcaneal screw guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Obtain tomographic images of the patient's calcaneus and surrounding tissues through CT scan. The scan range covers the entire calcaneus region to ensure the integrity of the calcaneus's anatomical structure. The obtained data is stored in DICOM format.

[0018] Step 2: Import the DICOM format data obtained in Step 1 into medical modeling software, and use threshold segmentation and region growth algorithms to extract the calcaneal contour and generate a three-dimensional calcaneal skeleton model.

[0019] Simultaneously, based on the aforementioned CT scan data, a model of the skin surface of the heel was reconstructed;

[0020] Step 3: Based on the heel skin surface model generated in Step 2, design the plate body so that the inner surface of the plate body is adapted to the heel skin surface model; simulate the pin placement path on the 3D calcaneal bone model to determine the pin insertion point, pin insertion angle and pin insertion depth; based on the pin placement path, design pin placement guide posts and pin placement holes at corresponding positions on the outer surface of the plate body.

[0021] The pin placement holes are opened along the central axis of the pin placement guide post and pass through the plate in sequence. The inner diameter of the pin placement holes matches the diameter of the drill bit or screw used in the surgery. The pin placement path is completely coincident with the central axis of the pin placement holes, thus obtaining the three-dimensional model of the calcaneal pin placement guide plate.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0023] Step 4: The three-dimensional model of the calcaneal screw placement guide plate designed in Step 3 is evaluated by finite element analysis to assess its stress distribution during surgery to ensure that the structural strength meets the surgical requirements.

[0024] Step 5: After the analysis in Step 4, build a collaborative model of the calcaneal screw placement guide, calcaneus, and surgical instruments in the virtual environment to simulate the fitting process between the calcaneal screw placement guide and the calcaneus, as well as the interaction process between the surgical instruments and the calcaneal screw placement guide, to avoid spatial interference.

[0025] Step Six: After the simulation analysis in Step Five, the qualified 3D model of the calcaneal screw placement guide plate is imported into the 3D printer. The 3D printing process, which is matched with the material, is used for one-piece molding. After printing, the surface is polished and disinfected to obtain the 3D printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement.

[0026] The present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0027] This invention significantly improves precision: through preoperative CT image reconstruction and virtual screw path planning, the central axis of the screw placement hole completely coincides with the pre-set screw path. Combined with the heel-fitting curved surface, it ensures no displacement of the guide plate during surgery, avoiding nerve and blood vessel damage. The inner diameter of the screw placement hole matches the surgical instruments, further ensuring the precision of the screw placement path. It offers strong personalization and adaptability: the first and second fitting surfaces and transition arc surfaces on the inner surface of the plate are designed based on the patient's heel skin model, and the first included angle is determined by individual anatomical data. 3D printing achieves "one plate per person," adapting to the differences in calcaneal morphology among different patients. It boasts high structural stability: the plate and guide are 3D printed as a single unit, eliminating splicing errors. Finite element analysis verifies the structural strength, ensuring it can withstand external forces during surgery. Surgical safety and efficiency are optimized: adapting to the characteristics of small incisions in percutaneous surgery, precise screw placement reduces soft tissue damage, further lowering the postoperative complication rate. Preoperative planning and manufacturing eliminate the need for repeated positioning during surgery, shortening surgical time. Virtual collaborative simulation proactively avoids instrument interference, reducing operational delays. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a rear view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention that fits the heel;

[0032] The reference numerals in the attached figures are:

[0033] 1. Plate body; 2. Guide part; 11. Inner surface; 111. First mating surface; 112. Second mating surface; 22. Nail guide post; 21. Nail hole. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This embodiment provides a 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement. Its components and the functions of each component are as follows:

[0039] Plate 1 is the basic support structure of the guide plate. Its overall shape is adapted to the contour of the heel. It is a sheet-like structure. Its main function is to achieve stable fixation of the guide plate by adhering to the skin of the heel on its inner surface, and to provide a base for the installation of the guide part.

[0040] The inner surface 11 of the plate 1 is a mating curved surface, including a first mating surface 111, a transition arc surface and a second mating surface 112;

[0041] The first contact surface 111 is designed to conform to the contour of the skin on the back of the heel, and can closely fit the skin on the back of the heel (as described in this embodiment, the skin on the back of the heel is shown in the attached figure). Figure 4The first contact surface 111 is located on the skin of the heel; the second contact surface 112 is designed for the contour of the skin on the bottom side of the heel, and can closely fit the skin on the bottom side of the heel (the skin on the bottom side of the heel in this embodiment is shown in the attached figure). Figure 4 The second bonding surface 112 is located at the position of the heel skin; the transition arc surface connects the first bonding surface 111 and the second bonding surface 112, eliminating the sharp corners between the two bonding surfaces and ensuring that the inner surface 11 fits the heel skin without gaps.

[0042] Meanwhile, the included angle between the first bonding surface 111 and the second bonding surface 112 is in the range of 80° to 150°.

[0043] The outer surface of plate 1 serves as the mounting carrier for guide part 2, and the central area of ​​its outer surface is flat and has sufficient structural strength.

[0044] The guide part 2 is fixed to the middle area of ​​the outer surface of the plate 1. Its main function is to provide precise insertion path guidance for the drill bit or screw, and avoid deviation in the placement position or angle.

[0045] The guide section 2 includes two screw placement guide posts 22 and two screw placement holes 21. The two screw placement guide posts 22 are arranged in parallel, corresponding to the implantation positions of the two screws required for calcaneal fracture fixation.

[0046] The pin hole 21 is opened along the central axis of the pin guide post 22 and completely penetrates the plate 1, forming a channel extending from the top of the pin guide post 22 to the inner surface 11 of the plate 1.

[0047] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the screw placement hole 21 matches the diameter of the drill bit or screw used in the surgery, ensuring that the drill bit or screw can move smoothly along the screw placement hole 21; at the same time, the central axis of the screw placement hole 21 is completely coincident with the screw placement path planned before the operation, ensuring that the screw placement position and angle are consistent with the preoperative plan.

[0048] Furthermore, the plate 1 and the guide part 2 can be made of any one of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), pure titanium, or titanium alloy. PEEK has good biocompatibility and mechanical strength, and is X-ray transparent, facilitating postoperative imaging confirmation of screw position. Pure titanium and titanium alloy combine high strength and corrosion resistance, and can withstand the pressure of drilling during surgery, making them suitable for scenarios requiring high structural strength.

[0049] Furthermore, the plate 1 and the guide part 2 are integrally formed using 3D printing technology.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment 2 provides a method for manufacturing a 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement as described in embodiment 1. The specific steps and the function of each step are as follows:

[0052] Step 1: Scan the patient's calcaneus and surrounding tissues using a CT scanner. The scan area must cover the entire calcaneal region to ensure the complete anatomical structure of the calcaneus is presented. The resulting tomographic images are stored in DICOM format, a standard format for medical imaging.

[0053] Step Two: Import the DICOM format data obtained in Step One into medical modeling software, and use the software's professional algorithms to construct a 3D calcaneal bone model and a heel skin surface model:

[0054] 3D calcaneal bone model construction: A threshold segmentation algorithm is used to initially extract the contour of the calcaneus based on the difference in CT values ​​between the calcaneus and the surrounding soft tissues. Then, a region growing algorithm is used to expand from the initially extracted contour to the surrounding area, improving the detailed structure of the calcaneus, such as fracture lines and trabecular bone distribution. Finally, a 3D skeletal model that accurately reflects the anatomical characteristics of the patient's calcaneus is generated, providing a basis for subsequent screw placement path planning.

[0055] Heel skin surface model construction: Based on the same set of CT scan data, the contour features of the heel skin are extracted through surface reconstruction algorithm to generate a heel skin surface model. This model can accurately reflect the skin curvature of the patient's heel, providing a basis for the fitting design of the inner surface 11 of the plate 1, and ensuring that the inner surface 11 of the plate 1 can fit closely with the patient's heel skin.

[0056] Step 3: Based on the 3D calcaneal bone model and heel skin surface model generated in Step 2, complete the design of the 3D model of the guide plate in medical modeling software, ensuring that the structure of the guide plate is adapted to the individual anatomical characteristics of the patient:

[0057] Using a heel skin surface model as a reference, the shape of the inner surface 11 of the plate 1 is adjusted so that the inner surface 11 of the plate 1 can fit seamlessly with the patient's heel skin.

[0058] Based on the three-dimensional calcaneal bone model, and considering the patient's fracture reduction needs, the placement path of the two screws is planned, and the entry point, entry angle, and entry depth of each screw are determined.

[0059] In the central region of the outer surface of the plate 1, corresponding to the planned pin placement path, two parallel pin placement guide posts 22 are designed; pin holes 21 are opened along the central axis of each pin placement guide post 22 to ensure that the pin holes 21 penetrate the plate 1 and that the inner diameter of the pin holes 21 matches the diameter of the drill bit or screw used in the surgery; at the same time, the central axis of the pin holes 21 is adjusted to completely coincide with the planned pin placement path to ensure that the screw can be guided to be implanted along the preset path; thus, the three-dimensional model design of the guide plate is completed.

[0060] Step 4: Import the 3D model of the guide plate designed in Step 3 into the finite element analysis software to evaluate the structural strength of the guide plate: simulate the pressure exerted on the guide plate by the drill bit passing through the pin insertion hole 21 during surgery, analyze the stress distribution of each part of the guide plate, and pay attention to the connection between the pin insertion guide post 22 and the plate body 1 (this part is the stress concentration area); if the analysis results show that the stress value of each part of the guide plate is less than the yield strength of the selected material, it is determined that the structural strength of the guide plate meets the surgical requirements; if there are parts with excessive stress, adjust the structural parameters of the part (such as increasing the diameter of the pin insertion guide post 22, increasing the thickness of the corresponding area of ​​the plate body 1), and re-perform the finite element analysis until the structural strength of the guide plate meets the surgical requirements.

[0061] Step 5: Build a collaborative model of "guide plate, calcaneus, and surgical instruments" in a virtual environment to simulate key interactions during the surgical process and identify potential spatial interference issues.

[0062] Align the 3D model of the guide plate with the 3D skeletal model of the calcaneus to simulate the process of the guide plate being attached to the skin of the heel. Check whether there are gaps or collisions between the guide plate and the calcaneus, and between the guide plate and the surrounding soft tissues, to ensure that the guide plate can be attached smoothly and without loosening after attachment.

[0063] Import 3D models of instruments used in the surgery, such as drills and screwdrivers, and simulate the entire process of drilling along the screw placement hole 21 and screwing in the screw with the screwdriver to ensure smooth surgical operation. If spatial interference problems are found, adjust the structural parameters of the guide plate (such as shortening the length of the screw placement guide post 22 and the position of the micro screw placement hole 21), and re-simulate to eliminate interference problems.

[0064] Step Six: 3D Printing: Export the qualified 3D model of the guide plate from Step Five as the standard format for 3D printing in STL format, import it into a 3D printer that matches the selected material (e.g., use a fused deposition modeling printer for polyetheretherketone materials, and a selective laser melting printer for pure titanium or titanium alloy materials), select printing parameters that are suitable for the material, start the printer to perform one-piece printing, and ensure that the shape of the printed guide plate is consistent with the 3D model.

[0065] Post-processing: After printing, the inner surface 11 of the guide plate is polished to improve its smoothness and ensure patient comfort during application. Finally, the guide plate is sterilized in accordance with medical device sterilization standards to meet the sterility requirements of surgery, resulting in a calcaneal screw placement guide plate that can be used in clinical surgery.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] This embodiment 3 provides an application of the 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate as described in embodiment 1 in percutaneous calcaneal screw placement. The specific operation process and the function of the guide plate are as follows:

[0068] Step 1: Place the sterilized calcaneal screw guide plate onto the patient's affected heel, and adjust the position of the guide plate to ensure that the first contact surface 111 of the guide plate is in contact with the skin on the back of the heel (see attached diagram). Figure 4 ), the second bonding surface 112 and the skin on the bottom of the heel (see attached diagram) Figure 4 Fits snugly.

[0069] Step 2: The surgeon holds a drill bit that matches the inner diameter of the pin insertion hole 21, aligns the drill bit with the top of one of the pin insertion holes 21, and drills along the pin insertion hole 21. During the drilling process, the pin insertion hole 21 provides precise directional guidance for the drill bit. The surgeon controls the drilling depth according to the pre-planned insertion depth to avoid drilling too deep or too shallow.

[0070] Step 3: After drilling, remove the drill bit and insert a screw that matches the inner diameter of the screw placement hole 21 into the screw placement hole 21. Use a screwdriver to slowly screw the screw into the screw placement hole 21 until the screw reaches the pre-operatively planned fixation depth to achieve stable fixation of the fracture fragment. During this process, the screw placement hole 21 continues to provide directional guidance for the screw to ensure that the screw implantation position and angle are consistent with the pre-operative plan.

[0071] Step 4: Following the procedures in Steps 2 and 3, complete the drilling and implantation of the other screw, ensuring that both screws are implanted along the corresponding screw holes 21 to achieve double stability fixation of the calcaneal fracture site.

[0072] Step 5: Perform fluoroscopic examination of the affected foot to confirm the position and angle of the two screws, ensuring good reduction and stable fixation of the fracture fragments, with no screws protruding from the calcaneal cortex. After passing the examination, remove the calcaneal screw guide plate, perform intradermal sutures on the surgical incision, and the surgery is complete.

[0073] The 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate of this invention, designed and manufactured based on the individual anatomical characteristics of the patient, achieves precise guidance for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement, effectively solving the problem of insufficient precision caused by the reliance on the surgeon's experience in traditional percutaneous surgery. At the same time, the guide plate's conformal design ensures stability during the operation, and the one-piece molding process guarantees structural strength, providing strong support for the precision and minimally invasive nature of percutaneous calcaneal screw placement, helping to reduce surgical risks and improve surgical outcomes.

[0074] The above description of the present invention is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the implementation and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should realize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement, characterized in that, include: The plate (1) and the guide (2); wherein, The plate (1) has an inner surface (11) and an outer surface opposite to the inner surface. The inner surface (11) of the plate (1) is a conforming curved surface adapted to the contour of the heel surface. The guide part (2) is fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the plate (1), and the guide part (2) is located in the middle region of the outer surface of the plate (1); The guide part (2) includes: a plurality of nail guide posts (22) fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the plate (1), and nail holes (21) opened along the central axis of the nail guide posts (22); The pin hole (21) penetrates the plate (1).

2. The 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner surface (11) includes: a first mating surface (111), a transition arc surface, and a second mating surface (112); Wherein, the first bonding surface (111) is adapted to the contour of the skin surface on the back side of the heel, and the second bonding surface (112) is adapted to the contour of the skin surface on the bottom side of the heel; The first bonding surface (111) and the second bonding surface (112) are connected by the transition arc surface, and the first bonding surface (111) and the second bonding surface (112) have a first included angle, which is 80° to 150°.

3. A 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plate (1) and the guide part (2) are integrally formed.

4. A 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the pin hole (21) matches the diameter of the drill bit or screw used in the surgery.

5. A 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plate (1) and the guide part (2) are integrally formed by 3D printing technology.

6. A 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plate (1) and the guide (2) are made of at least one of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), pure titanium, or titanium alloy.

7. A 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of pin guide posts (22) is two, and the two pin guide posts (22) are arranged in parallel.

8. A method for manufacturing a 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the steps include... include: Step 1: Obtain tomographic images of the patient's calcaneus and surrounding tissues through CT scan. The scan range covers the entire calcaneus region to ensure the integrity of the calcaneus's anatomical structure. The obtained data is stored in DICOM format. Step 2: Import the DICOM format data obtained in Step 1 into medical modeling software, and use threshold segmentation and region growth algorithms to extract the calcaneal contour and generate a three-dimensional calcaneal skeleton model. Simultaneously, based on the aforementioned CT scan data, a model of the skin surface of the heel was reconstructed; Step 3: Based on the heel skin surface model generated in Step 2, design the plate (1) so that the inner surface (11) of the plate (1) is adapted to the heel skin surface model; simulate the pin placement path on the calcaneus three-dimensional bone model to determine the pin insertion point, pin insertion angle and pin insertion depth; based on the pin placement path, design the pin placement guide post (22) and the pin placement hole (21) at the corresponding position on the outer surface of the plate (1); The pin placement hole (21) is opened along the central axis of the pin placement guide post (22) and passes through the plate body (1) in sequence. The inner diameter of the pin placement hole (21) matches the diameter of the drill bit or screw used in the operation. The pin placement path is completely coincident with the central axis of the pin placement hole (21), thus obtaining the three-dimensional model of the calcaneal pin placement guide plate.

9. A 3D-printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: Step four, using finite element analysis to evaluate the stress distribution of the three-dimensional model of the calcaneal screw placement guide plate designed in step three during surgery to ensure that the structural strength meets the surgical requirements; Step 5: After the analysis in Step 4, build a collaborative model of the calcaneal screw placement guide plate, calcaneus, and surgical instruments in a virtual environment to simulate the fitting process between the calcaneal screw placement guide plate and the calcaneus, as well as the interaction process between the surgical instruments and the calcaneal screw placement guide plate, to avoid spatial interference. Step Six: After the simulation analysis in Step Five, the qualified 3D model of the calcaneal screw placement guide plate is imported into a 3D printer. The 3D printing process, which is matched with the material, is used for one-piece molding. After printing, the surface is polished and disinfected to obtain the 3D printed calcaneal screw placement guide plate for percutaneous calcaneal screw placement.

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