New energy vehicle power supply framework and new energy vehicle
By directly connecting the battery to the IEC in PHEV models and bridging it with separate power lines and fuses, an efficient power architecture layout is achieved, solving the problems of power line redundancy and insufficient safety in existing technologies, reducing costs and improving overall vehicle safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511401547.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
In the existing PHEV models' 12V power architecture, the power cable needs to pass through the body sheet metal twice, resulting in redundant wiring harnesses, high costs, insufficient collision safety levels, and complex assembly processes, and does not meet the goal of lightweighting.
The first power line connecting the battery is directly connected to the IEC, and the second power line passes through the firewall to connect to the UEC, making the IEC a primary power distribution unit. Only one hole needs to be drilled in the firewall, shortening the power line path, and the independent arrangement of the power lines is achieved through fuse bridging.
It reduces power cable costs, improves collision safety, simplifies assembly processes, reduces vehicle weight, ensures doors can be opened normally in the event of a collision, and enhances overall vehicle safety and economy.
Smart Images
Figure CN120986321A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of new energy vehicle power supply architecture arrangement, and particularly relates to a new energy vehicle power supply architecture and a new energy vehicle. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the rapid transformation of the global automobile industry towards electrification and intelligence, the market share of PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) models continues to rise due to their dual advantages of "oil and electricity, electricity for short trips, and oil for long trips". However, due to the arrangement of three-electric components, high-voltage lines, and thermal management devices in the front compartment of PHEV models, the front compartment space is relatively tight. To alleviate this contradiction, automakers usually move components such as charging ports, DCDC, 12V low-voltage batteries, and on-board chargers (OBC) to the trunk area, forming a distributed arrangement pattern of "front compartment high-voltage + rear compartment low-voltage". This arrangement not only saves front compartment space but also poses unprecedented challenges to the topology design of the vehicle's 12V power supply circuit.
[0003] In the existing mainstream scheme, the 12V battery is arranged on the right side of the trunk, and its positive pole needs to supply power to the front compartment UEC through a large square power line, and then the UEC supplies power to the instrument panel IEC and the vehicle's low-voltage load. Limited by the fact that the left threshold area is already shared by multiple systems such as air conditioning pipes, brake pipes, and wire harness trunks, to avoid interference and wear and tear risks caused by concentrated wiring, automakers usually lay the large square power line along the path "trunk right side → right threshold → firewall right side → firewall left side → engine compartment UEC → driver's cabin IEC". This laying path requires the power supply to "pass through the firewall once" to reach the engine compartment connection UEC, and then pass through the firewall in the opposite direction to return to the driver's cabin IEC, forming a "second pass" wiring.
[0004] The above power supply architecture has the following inherent defects: 1. Redundant wire harness, high cost: the large square copper wire passes through the vehicle body sheet metal twice, with a long wire path and a large bending radius, resulting in a significant increase in copper material usage. At the same time, to meet the pressure drop and EMC requirements, the wire diameter needs to be further increased, leading to an increase in the cost of a single vehicle by tens to hundreds of yuan. In the current "extreme cost reduction" competitive environment, this part has become an important bottleneck in the BOM cost of the vehicle.
[0005] 2. Insufficient collision safety level: safety-related loads such as door locks and airbags are usually powered by IEC level 2. When the vehicle is involved in a front 25% offset collision or a front small overlap collision, the UEC and its upstream power line are easily damaged due to the collapse of the front compartment. Once the UEC is damaged and loses power, the IEC loses power and the door lock motor stops working, making it impossible for passengers to open the door from the inside to escape, violating the five-star safety requirement that "the vehicle door can be opened after a collision", and the risk level is high.
[0006] 3. Complex assembly process, weight increase: secondary perforation requires two large aperture through holes in the firewall, and double rubber retainer is arranged, which not only increases the difficulty of body sealing, but also brings NVH hidden trouble; at the same time, the redundant wire harness makes the whole vehicle weight increase by more than 1.0 kg, which is contrary to the goal of "lightweight". SUMMARY
[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a new energy vehicle power supply architecture and a new energy vehicle, one end of the first power supply line is connected to the storage battery, the other end is directly connected to the IEC, the IEC is connected to the UEC through the second power supply line passing through the firewall, so that the IEC is a primary power distribution in the power supply architecture, and the UEC is a secondary power distribution, only once perforation is needed for the firewall, and the path of the power supply line is shortened.
[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: In a first aspect, a new energy vehicle power supply architecture includes a storage battery, an instrument electrical box, and an engine compartment electrical box. The storage battery is arranged on one side of the trunk. One end of the first power supply line is connected to the storage battery. The other end of the first power supply line extends to the instrument electrical box and is connected to the instrument electrical box. One end of the second power supply line is connected to the instrument electrical box. The other end of the second power supply line passes through the firewall and is connected to the engine compartment electrical box.
[0009] As a further implementation, the storage battery is arranged on the left side of the trunk.
[0010] As a further implementation, the rear end of the first power supply line is connected to the storage battery, and the front end is separately wired to the instrument electrical box, so that the instrument electrical box is a primary power distribution box, and the length direction of the first power supply line is parallel to the length direction of the vehicle body.
[0011] As a further implementation, a set of fuses is bridged on the instrument electrical box, and the fuses are connected to the engine compartment electrical box through the second power supply line.
[0012] As a further implementation, a wire harness through hole is provided on the firewall, a rubber part is provided at the wire harness through hole, and the second power supply line penetrates the rubber part.
[0013] As a further implementation, the storage battery is arranged on the right side of the trunk.
[0014] As a further implementation, the rear end of the first power supply line is connected to the storage battery, and the front end is separately wired along the right door sill to the right side of the firewall, and then extends from the right side of the firewall to the left side to connect with the instrument electrical box, so that the instrument electrical box is a primary power distribution box.
[0015] As a further implementation manner, the first power line comprises two segments arranged continuously, the first segment is arranged close to the right door sill and parallel to the length direction of the vehicle body, and the second segment is perpendicular to the length direction of the vehicle body.
[0016] As a further implementation manner, a group of fuses are bridged on the instrument electrical appliance box, the fuses are connected to the engine compartment electrical appliance box through the second power line; a wire harness through hole is arranged on the firewall, a rubber element is arranged at the wire harness through hole, and the second power line penetrates through the rubber element. In the second aspect, a new energy vehicle is provided, and the new energy vehicle is a PHEV vehicle type, and the new energy vehicle adopts the new energy vehicle power supply architecture.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: 1. One end of the first power line is connected to the storage battery, and the other end is directly connected to the IEC, the IEC is connected to the UEC through the second power line penetrating the firewall, so that the IEC is a primary power distribution in the power supply architecture, and the UEC is a secondary power distribution, only one hole is needed to be punched in the firewall, the path of the power line is shortened, the IEC is in the cab, the power supply for supplying power to safety-related loads such as door locks and airbags is taken from the IEC, when the vehicle is in a collision, the risk of serious deformation of the cab in the collision is small, the IEC can maintain normal power supply, and other safety load structures such as vehicle doors can maintain normal power supply, and the normal operation of the vehicle door can ensure that the passengers can easily open the door to avoid danger, thereby improving safety.
[0018] 2. The storage battery can be arranged on the left side or the right side of the trunk, when arranged on the left side, the first power line is independently routed and does not share the path with the main wire harness, and can avoid the pressure of left door sill routing; when arranged on the right side, the first power line can be routed to the right door sill, to the firewall and then extended to the IEC to be connected with the IEC, and the arrangement form of the power supply architecture can be selected according to actual conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application form a part thereof, serve to provide further understanding of the present application, and together with the specification explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present application.
[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a new energy vehicle power supply architecture in embodiment one of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a new energy vehicle power supply architecture in embodiment two of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an existing PHEV power supply architecture.
[0021] In the drawings, the mutual distance or size is exaggerated for showing the positions of various parts, and the schematic diagram is only illustrative.
[0022] Wherein: 1. battery, 2. instrument electrical box, 3. firewall, 4. engine compartment electrical box, 5. DCDC. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
[0024] As mentioned in the background art, as shown in Figure 3 The traditional power supply architecture, the 12V battery is arranged on the right side of the trunk at the rear of the vehicle, and the power supply line for supplying power to the entire vehicle load is connected from the positive electrode of the 12V battery. The power supply line is connected from the right side of the door sill and the main stem through the firewall 3 on the right side, and then penetrates through the left side of the firewall 3 (first penetration) to the front compartment UEC, which is a first-level power distribution electrical box. Then the power supply line is connected from the UEC to the IEC (second penetration) inside the cab, and the IEC becomes a second-level power distribution electrical box. The power supply line path is long and the cost is high. At the same time, the IEC is a second-level power distribution electrical box, and the safety load structure such as the door lock takes power from the IEC. When the vehicle is in a collision, the first-level power distribution electrical box UEC in the front compartment (engine compartment) is more likely to be damaged, so the second-level power distribution electrical box IEC will also be powered off. The risk of power failure of the vehicle door is high, and the safety is not high. At the same time, two large-diameter through holes need to be opened in the firewall, and double rubber retaining rings need to be arranged, which not only increases the difficulty of sealing the vehicle body, but also brings NVH hidden dangers. At the same time, the redundant wire harness makes the overall vehicle weight increase by more than 1.0 kg, which is contrary to the goal of "lightweight".
[0025] Glossary: DCDC: DC-DC Converter, DC-DC converter; UEC: Underhood Electrical Centre, engine compartment electrical box; IEC: Instrument Electrical Centre, instrument electrical box; PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; BATTERY: battery.
[0026] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 1 A new energy vehicle power supply architecture, comprising a battery 1, an instrument electrical box 2, an engine compartment electrical box 4, a first power supply line and a second power supply line.
[0027] Battery 1 is located on one side of the trunk. Battery 1 is connected to one end of a first power cable, and the other end of the first power cable extends to and connects to the instrument cluster box 2. Instrument cluster box 2 is connected to one end of a second power cable, and the other end of the second power cable passes through the firewall 3 and connects to the engine compartment electrical box 4. Battery 1 is also connected to a DC-DC converter 5.
[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the battery 1 is located on the left side of the trunk. The rear end of the first power line is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 1, and the front end is separately routed to connect to the instrument panel electrical box 2, so that the instrument panel electrical box 2 is a primary power distribution box. The length direction of the first power line is parallel to the length direction of the vehicle body.
[0029] Battery 1 is a 12V battery. The first power line is routed separately so that it is not routed together with the main wiring harness. The first power line usually runs under the driver's seat or in the center tunnel to avoid the pressure of the left door sill. The front end of the first power line is directly connected to the instrument cluster (IEC) to supply power to the IEC. At this time, the IEC becomes the primary power distribution box.
[0030] A set of fuses is bridged on the instrument electrical box 2. The fuses are MEGA fuses. The fuses are connected to the engine compartment electrical box 4 (UEC) through the second power line. Thus, the UEC becomes a secondary power distribution box. Compared with the existing technology, this saves the power harness from the UEC to the IEC.
[0031] Since the second power line needs to pass through the firewall 3, a wiring harness through hole is provided on the firewall 3. A rubber component is provided at the wiring harness through hole. The second power line extends from the cockpit through the rubber component to the engine compartment and connects to the engine compartment electrical box 4.
[0032] Compared to traditional power architectures, the power architecture of this new energy vehicle saves about 1 meter of power cable with a cross-sectional area of 35 square millimeters, reducing costs by about 35 yuan. At the same time, it reduces the pressure of perforation on the firewall (only one perforation is required), reduces the number of vias, and reduces one rubber component.
[0033] Furthermore, in the aforementioned low-cost power architecture, the IEC is the primary power distributor. Inside the driver's cab, the power supply for safety-related loads such as door locks and airbags is drawn from the IEC. When a vehicle is involved in a collision, the risk of severe deformation of the driver's cab is relatively low, and the IEC can maintain normal power supply. Other safety load components such as doors can maintain normal power supply. The normal operation of the doors ensures that passengers can easily open the doors to avoid danger, thus improving safety.
[0034] Example 2 In another alternative embodiment, unlike the embodiments described above, as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the battery placement and the routing path of the first power line are different, but the rest of the structural form is the same as in Embodiment 1.
[0035] Specifically, the storage battery 1 is arranged at the right side of the trunk, the first power line is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery 1 at the rear end, and is connected to the instrument and electrical appliance box 2 at the left side of the firewall 3 after being connected to the right side of the firewall 3 from the right side of the firewall 3, so that the instrument and electrical appliance box 2 is a first power distribution box, and the storage battery 1 is also connected to the DCDC 5.
[0036] The first power line includes two sections arranged in sequence, the first section is arranged close to the right door sill and parallel to the length direction of the vehicle body, and the second section is perpendicular to the length direction of the vehicle body, and the second section is connected to the instrument and electrical appliance box 2 at the end.
[0037] A group of fuses are bridged on the instrument and electrical appliance box 2, the fuses are connected to the engine compartment electrical appliance box 4 through the second power line, and the purpose is to protect the power line between the IEC and the UEc; the firewall 3 is provided with a wire harness through hole, the wire harness through hole is provided with a rubber element, and the second power line penetrates through the rubber element. The arrangement form of the second power line is completely same as that of the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail.
[0038] The second section of the first power line is located at the rear side of the firewall 3. Different from the first embodiment, the main trunk wire harness of the present embodiment is also arranged close to the right door sill and shares the path with the first section of the first power line, and of course the main trunk wire harness can also be arranged close to the left door sill; the main trunk wire harness in the first embodiment is arranged close to the left door sill and independently arranged from the first power line.
[0039] The first power line and the main trunk wire harness of the present embodiment are arranged close to the right door sill, which can avoid the pressure of being arranged close to the left door sill, but different from the first embodiment, the length of the power line saved in the present embodiment is smaller than that of the first embodiment, because the storage battery 1 is arranged at the right side of the trunk, so that the length of the first power line of the present embodiment is longer than that of the first embodiment, but compared with the prior art in the first embodiment, the length of the first power line saved is about the distance between the instrument and electrical appliance box and the engine compartment electrical appliance box. Figure 2
[0040] When the power supply architecture of the new energy vehicle is arranged, the power supply architecture of the new energy vehicle in the first embodiment or the second embodiment can be selected according to the actual situation.
[0041] Embodiment three In a typical embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 1 or Figure 2 , a new energy vehicle, the new energy vehicle is a PHEV vehicle type, which adopts the new energy vehicle power supply architecture of the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
[0042] The above merely provides the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the principles and technical scope of the present application shall fall into the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A power supply architecture for a new energy vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a battery, an instrument panel electrical box, and an engine compartment electrical box. The battery is located on one side of the trunk. The battery is connected to one end of a first power line. The other end of the first power line extends to the instrument panel electrical box and connects to it. The instrument panel electrical box is connected to one end of a second power line. The other end of the second power line passes through the firewall and connects to the engine compartment electrical box.
2. The power architecture for a new energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery is located on the left side of the luggage compartment.
3. The power architecture for a new energy vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first power line is connected to the battery at the rear end and has a separate wire at the front end that connects to the instrument panel electrical box, so that the instrument panel electrical box is a primary power distribution box. The length of the first power line is parallel to the length of the vehicle body.
4. The power supply architecture for a new energy vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that, A set of fuses is bridged on the instrument electrical box, and the fuses are connected to the engine compartment electrical box via a second power line.
5. The power architecture for a new energy vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The firewall is provided with a wire harness through hole, and a rubber component is provided at the wire harness through hole, through which the second power line passes.
6. The power architecture for a new energy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery is located on the right side of the luggage compartment.
7. A power supply architecture for a new energy vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first power line is connected to the battery at the rear end and runs separately along the right threshold to the right side of the firewall. Then it extends from the right side of the firewall to the left side to connect with the instrument electrical box, so that the instrument electrical box is a primary power distribution box.
8. The power architecture for a new energy vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first power cable consists of two consecutive segments. The first segment runs close to the right door sill and its length direction is parallel to the length direction of the vehicle body. The second segment is perpendicular to the length direction of the vehicle body.
9. A power supply architecture for a new energy vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that, A set of fuses is bridged on the instrument electrical box, and the fuses are connected to the engine compartment electrical box through the second power line; the firewall is provided with a wiring harness through hole, and a rubber part is provided at the wiring harness through hole, through which the second power line passes.
10. A new energy vehicle, characterized in that, The new energy vehicle is a PHEV model, which adopts the new energy vehicle power architecture as described in any one of claims 1-9.