A soil organic modifier for ecological reconstruction of compacted soil and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of soil organic modifier for ecological reconstruction of hard soil and preparation method thereof, the soil organic modifier is by biological dry fermentation fertilizer and soil-like palygorskite according to volume ratio 10-30:1 Composition, moisture content is 25-40%;The biological dry fermentation fertilizer is prepared by poultry manure and biomass material by anaerobic fermentation, and the biomass material is modified by organic matter-thermal impregnation method by sodium aluminosilicate, biochar and ceramic ball is obtained.The soil organic modifier prepared by the application is used for hard soil, improves soil porosity, increases soil organic matter and nutrient, improves the environment of sustainable reproduction of soil biology, realizes the optimization of soil physicochemical properties, improves crop resistance, increases its yield and quality, reverses the problem such as hard soil degradation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soil improvement technology, specifically relating to a soil organic conditioner for ecological reconstruction of compacted soil and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, soil degradation has intensified, with soil compaction being a typical problem. This is manifested in a significant reduction in the aeration and permeability of the topsoil, leading to severe nutrient loss and hindering crop growth, resulting in a marked decline in both the yield and quality of agricultural products. Unreasonable irrigation and farming practices have exacerbated land degradation, threatening my country's food security.

[0003] Soil compaction is largely caused by human factors. Large-scale heavy machinery operations (such as agricultural machinery compaction), excessive use of plastic products, and long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, coupled with insufficient application of organic fertilizers, unscientific farming practices, crop rotation systems, and irrigation and fertilization methods (such as flood irrigation), severely damage the topsoil structure (0-30cm), leading to soil compaction and ultimately poor soil storability. When soil is compacted, irrigation water or natural rainfall entering the field becomes difficult to infiltrate due to the dense and compacted topsoil (damaged soil aggregate structure and reduced porosity), affecting the absorption of water and mineral nutrients by plant roots. Furthermore, in severely compacted soil, crop roots struggle to grow downwards, increasing the risk of lodging and weakening plant resistance; the low soil porosity also leads to insufficient oxygen supply, hindering root respiration and impacting normal crop growth.

[0004] Chinese patent CN106905020A discloses a bio-organic fertilizer composed of the following components by weight: 20-25 parts straw, 10-20 parts sawdust, 10-12 parts expanded perlite powder, 1-2 parts nitrification inhibitor DMPP, 0.3-0.5 parts tea saponin, 0.1-0.9 parts Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.1-0.9 parts Bacillus mucilaginosus, 35-50 parts fermented chicken manure, 15-25 parts fermented cow manure, 15-20 parts fermented mushroom compost, and 18-20 parts maifanite. It enables crops to receive comprehensive nutrition, absorb nutrients well, and achieve rapid results. The fertilizer is slowly released, providing a long-lasting effect and promoting vigorous growth. Furthermore, it addresses the problem of severely low organic matter content and soil compaction in orchards. However, it mainly addresses various diseases in the soil caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses through Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus. It can also decompose phosphorus and potassium, fix nitrogen, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, and contain a large amount of organic matter, which can improve and activate the soil, eliminate soil compaction, and increase the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0005] Chinese patent CN107674685A discloses a method for producing a soil conditioner that improves soil compaction and reduces salinity. First, halophilic bacteria are cultured alternately using crop straw, peat, mushroom residue, and livestock manure in an aerobic-anaerobic manner to obtain a culture. Then, acrylic acid, acrylamide, and ethylene glycol diacrylate are cross-linked and polymerized to obtain a polymer. Using the polymer as a carrier, phytonutrients 6-benzylaminopurine and vitamin B are loaded to obtain a highly absorbent resin. Finally, attapulgite soil, gypsum, the culture, and the highly absorbent resin are mixed to obtain a soil conditioner that improves soil compaction and reduces salinity. This soil conditioner effectively increases the organic matter and nutrient content of the soil, loosens compacted soil, accelerates the maturation process of raw soil, absorbs excess salt in the soil, improves saline-alkali land, and restores the productivity of raw land, among other excellent properties.

[0006] Existing soil conditioners lack a multi-level pore structure, resulting in low porosity and hindering effective water vapor transport and the provision of habitats for microorganisms. Furthermore, their poor structural stability leads to easy disintegration and compaction upon application to compacted soils, preventing the long-term establishment and maintenance of improved pores, thus hindering their effectiveness in breaking up soil compaction. In addition, existing soil conditioners are severely inadequate in creating a suitable microenvironment for microorganisms. They fail to provide stable space and sufficient oxygen for microbial attachment, nor can they meet the microorganisms' needs for precise slow-release of nutrients and a continuous supply of easily decomposable carbon sources. They also lack the ability to regulate pH, redox potential, and buffer environmental changes, resulting in difficulties in microbial colonization, inhibited reproduction, low community diversity, and limited functionality. Moreover, existing soil conditioners are complex in composition, have limited functionality, and weak synergistic effects among components, failing to integrate physical, chemical, and biological improvement goals. Ultimately, their improvement effects are short-lived and dependent on frequent application, failing to meet the needs of systematic and long-term ecological reconstruction of compacted soils. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a soil organic amendment for ecological reconstruction of compacted soil and its preparation method. The prepared soil organic amendment is applied to compacted soil, which increases soil porosity, increases soil organic matter and nutrients, improves the environment for sustainable reproduction of soil organisms, optimizes soil physicochemical properties, enhances crop resistance, increases crop yield and quality, and reverses problems such as soil compaction and degradation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a soil organic conditioner for ecological reconstruction of compacted soil, wherein the soil organic conditioner is composed of biological dry fermentation fertilizer and soil-like palygorskite in a volume ratio of 10-30:1 and has a water content of 25-40%.

[0009] Preferably, the bio-dry fermented fertilizer is prepared by anaerobic fermentation of poultry and livestock manure and biomass materials; the pH value of the bio-dry fermented fertilizer is 6.5-9.0.

[0010] More preferably, the mass ratio of poultry and livestock manure to biomass material is 2-5:1.

[0011] More preferably, the solids content of the poultry and livestock manure is 10-25%.

[0012] Furthermore, the poultry and livestock manure is obtained by mixing chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure in a mass ratio of 1-2:1-2:1-3.

[0013] Furthermore, the chicken manure is the excrement produced by broiler chickens, which is free of sand and has a solid content of 15-25%; the pig manure and cow manure have a solid content of 10-20%.

[0014] Preferably, the biomass material is an H-type modified zeolite composite with a specific surface area of ​​800-2000 m². 2 / g.

[0015] Preferably, the soil-like palygorskite is separated from magnesium-rich rock ore and has a particle size of 3-5 mm.

[0016] This invention also provides a method for preparing a soil organic amendment for ecological reconstruction of compacted soil, comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of biomass materials: Sodium aluminosilicate, biochar and ceramsite are mixed and then impregnated in a modified mixed solution to obtain biomass materials - H-type modified zeolite composites; (2) Preparation of biological dry fermentation fertilizer: Chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure are mixed to obtain poultry and livestock manure, which is then mixed with biomass materials. After dry anaerobic fermentation, solid and liquid separation is obtained to obtain solid biogas fertilizer. The solid biogas fertilizer is piled up in a room temperature dry environment, dried and turned over to obtain biological dry fermentation fertilizer. (3) Soil organic conditioner is obtained by mixing and aging soil-like palygorskite and biological dry fermentation fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, the modified mixed solution in step (1) is composed of an equal volume ratio of 2-3 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution and 2.5-5 mol / L mixed solution.

[0018] More preferably, the mixed solution consists of 1-1.5 mol / L sodium acetate solution, 0.5-1 mol / L ammonium sulfate solution, 0.1-1.0 mol / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and 0.8-1.5 mol / L sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution.

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of sodium aluminosilicate, biochar, and ceramsite is 1:1 to 2:1.

[0020] More preferably, the biochar is made from straw, with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm and a porosity of >70%.

[0021] More preferably, the particle size of the ceramsite is 2-4 mm.

[0022] Preferably, in step (2), the liquid level during dry anaerobic fermentation is 2 / 3 of the device, and the mixture is stirred at 15-20 r / h for 20-30 days. The fermentation temperature is 35-38℃ and the fermentation time is 20-30 days. Every 7-10 days, the CH4 content is detected using a gas detector. When the CH4 content exceeds 56%, the gas is discharged, collected, or directly ignited.

[0023] Preferably, the drying and turning process in step (2) involves piling up the solid biogas fertilizer obtained from solid-liquid separation, turning it over after the temperature of the pile reaches 50-60℃ for 3-6 hours, and repeating this process until the temperature stabilizes at 35-45℃.

[0024] Preferably, the solid biogas fertilizer has a moisture content of 65-70%; the bio-dried fermented fertilizer has a moisture content of 25-40%.

[0025] Preferably, the aging method described in step (3) is to pile the material for 7 days under a humidity of 60%, and turn it over once every 24 hours during the period.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Livestock and poultry manure, such as chicken, pig, and cow manure, is rich in plant nutrients and organic matter, significantly improving soil structure and increasing soil nutrients. Fully fermented livestock and poultry manure is free of disease and insect eggs, weed seeds, has low salt content, and a stable and moderate pH, making it a safe and green source of plant nutrients. Furthermore, the application of livestock and poultry manure to fields does not cause secondary environmental pollution; simultaneously, it achieves the resource utilization of agricultural solid waste, playing a positive role in promoting green agricultural cycles in the region. In addition, the utilization of agricultural waste such as livestock and poultry manure reduces improvement costs by 15-20%, combining ecological and economic benefits.

[0027] 2. The biomass material precursors include sodium aluminosilicate, biochar, and ceramsite, solving the problem of solid waste treatment and realizing resource reuse—a win-win situation, treating waste with waste. The high specific surface area is conducive to microbial loading and reproduction, adsorbing ammonia nitrogen, enhancing anaerobic fermentation performance, optimizing product quality, and simultaneously contributing to the construction of a soil micro-ecological system. The bio-dried fermented fertilizer made from biomass materials and livestock manure is rich in organic matter, increasing organic carbon content and improving soil aeration and water retention. The unique fibrous structure of the soil-like palygorskite increases soil porosity, further optimizing the soil's physical structure and enhancing its water retention, fertilizer retention, and aeration properties.

[0028] 3. Soil-like palygorskite has good water absorption, which is beneficial for water infiltration and weight gain, and helps retain soil moisture and heat. At the same time, soil-like palygorskite is a weakly alkaline clay mineral material, which can increase the soil pH value; while the bio-dried fermented fertilizer prepared by mixing biomass materials made from sodium aluminosilicate, biochar and ceramsite with poultry and livestock manure is mostly composed of organic acidic substances, which can neutralize the soil alkalinity to a certain extent. Therefore, the resulting soil organic conditioner can better regulate the soil pH, making it more suitable for plant growth.

[0029] 4. Bio-fermented dry fertilizer is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as various trace elements and microbial communities. Combined with the large specific surface area and high ion exchange capacity of the soil-like palygorskite, it achieves nutrient adsorption and slow release, reducing nutrient loss and improving the utilization rate of nutrients in the bio-fermented dry fertilizer. Simultaneously, after decomposition in the soil, the bio-fermented dry fertilizer releases organic acids and other substances, which help activate insoluble nutrients in the soil, making them easier for plants to absorb and utilize. Furthermore, the bio-fermented dry fertilizer containing biomass materials provides abundant carbon and nitrogen sources for soil microorganisms, enhancing their reproduction and metabolic activity. The soil-like palygorskite provides a favorable habitat for microorganisms, promoting their growth and reproduction. The increased number of microorganisms further promotes the decomposition of biomass materials and nutrient transformation, forming a virtuous cycle, thus better leveraging the effects of all three and achieving a synergistic effect.

[0030] 5. Pallas's stone can adsorb heavy metal ions. The organic matter and microorganisms in bio-based dry fermented fertilizer containing biomass materials can undergo complexation reactions with heavy metal ions, synergistically reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil, thereby effectively reducing the risk of heavy metal pollution in the soil. The microbial community contained in bio-based dry fermented fertilizer containing biomaterials can produce plant growth regulators, enhance plant resistance, and synergistically promote better nutrient absorption by plants with the pallas's stone, thereby synergistically promoting plant growth and development and accelerating the ecological reconstruction process of compacted soil.

[0031] 6. The soil organic amendment prepared by this invention can achieve the slow and continuous conversion and release of plant nutrients, while also having the ability to activate plant nutrients and mineralize organic compounds. It can accelerate the absorption and accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes by plant rhizosphere cells. Applying 1.5 t / mu of soil organic amendment can increase the fresh weight of chives to 5.0-5.8 kg / m³. 2 Compared with the control group, the yield increased by more than 170%, and the soil organic matter continued to increase to 4.0% within 2 years.

[0032] 7. The soil organic conditioner prepared by this invention has significant advantages in improving soil physicochemical properties. Specifically, it achieves this by synergistically constructing multi-level pores through the organic matter of the bio-dried fermented fertilizer and the fibrous structure of the soil-like palygorskite, thereby increasing soil capillary porosity to 51.80%-54.29% and reducing bulk density to 1.30-1.36 g / cm³. 3 Simultaneously utilizing biomass materials 800-2000m 2 The high specific surface area of ​​microorganisms per g increased the number of soil bacteria to 17.8-20.1×10⁶. 7 This invention, using CFU / g, adjusts soil pH to 7.23-7.71 through acid-base neutralization and reduces salinity to 3.15-3.29‰, which is beneficial for increasing soil biomass, improving microbial community structure, and promoting the benign cycle of soil ecology. It is suitable for the improvement and ecological reconstruction of compacted soils. This invention overcomes the bottlenecks of traditional soil conditioners, such as unstable pore structure and difficulty in microbial colonization. Through a triple mechanism of "physical support-chemical buffering-biological activation," it achieves systematic and long-term ecological reconstruction of compacted soils, avoiding the limitations of relying on frequent application and providing a new technical solution for soil degradation remediation. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the soil organic amendment in this invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a bar chart showing the effect of different treatment groups on soil capillary porosity after 90 days of treatment in Example 6.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a bar chart showing the effect of different treatment groups on soil bulk density after 90 days of treatment in Example 6.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a bar chart showing the effects of different treatment groups on soil organic matter after 90 days of treatment in Example 7.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a bar chart showing the effect of different treatment groups on soil microbial biomass after replanting chives in Example 7.

[0038] Figure 6 The bar chart shows the effect of different treatment groups on the fresh weight of chives in Example 7. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is worth noting that the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the contents of the claims. Modifications and substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention without creative effort all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1 The preparation steps for biomass material—H-type modified zeolite composite—are as follows: (1) Weigh out sodium acetate, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dissolve them in deionized water, and mix them to obtain a mixed solution A containing 2.4 mol / L sodium acetate, 1.6 mol / L ammonium sulfate and 1 mol / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate; (2) Dissolve dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in deionized water by stirring in a constant temperature water bath at 65°C to obtain a 2.0 mol / L sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution; (3) Mix solution A with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in an equal volume ratio, and adjust the pH to 6.0 using sodium hydroxide solution (1 mol / L) to obtain a mixed solution; (4) Under normal temperature conditions, the 2.877 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution was mixed with the mixed solution to obtain the modified mixed solution; (5) Sodium aluminosilicate, biochar and ceramsite are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:1 and then soaked in a modified mixed solution for 24 hours while being soaked at a speed of 100 r / min to obtain the soaking mixture; (6) Place the soaking mixture in a reaction vessel, heat it to 80°C at a rate of 5°C / min, stir it at a speed of 50r / min, keep it at the temperature for 4h, and obtain the hot-impregnated product; (7) Cool the hot impregnation product to room temperature, rinse it three times with deionized water to remove residual solution and impurities on the surface, and dry it at 65°C for 10 hours to reduce the water content to 5% to obtain biomass material - H-type modified zeolite composite.

[0041] Example 2 (1) Take 1 part by weight of chicken manure (78% moisture content), 1 part by weight of pig manure (85% moisture content), and 1 part by weight of cow manure (83% moisture content) and mix them in the silo to obtain poultry and livestock manure. Add the poultry and livestock manure and biomass material (prepared in Example 1) into the silo at a mass ratio of 3:1 and stir at 100 r / min for 0.5 h to obtain fermentation raw material; (2) Inject the fermentation raw materials into the dry anaerobic fermentation device, control the liquid level at 2 / 3 of the device height, keep the stirring shaft in the device running continuously at 18 r / h for 26 days, the fermentation temperature is 35℃, and use a gas detector to detect the methane (CH4) content in the tank every 7 days. When the CH4 concentration exceeds 56%, vent the gas in the device and ignite it. (3) After fermentation, the mixed digestion liquid of livestock and poultry manure and biomass materials in the device is discharged. The mixed digestion liquid is separated into solid and liquid using a filter press. The separated solid material is solid biogas fertilizer with a water content of 69%. (4) The solid biogas fertilizer is piled up in a dry environment at room temperature. The temperature of the pile is monitored in real time with a thermometer. After the temperature of the pile rises to 55℃ for 3 hours, it is turned over and the operation is repeated until the temperature stabilizes at 45℃ to obtain biological dry fermented fertilizer with a moisture content of 34%. (5) Mix the soil-like palygorskite (particle size of 3mm) and the biological dry fermentation fertilizer at a volume ratio of 1:30, age them, and pile them up for 7 days under a humidity of 60%, turning them over once every 24 hours to obtain the soil organic conditioner.

[0042] Example 3 (1) Take 2 parts by weight of chicken manure (78% moisture content), 1 part by weight of pig manure (87% moisture content), and 2 parts by weight of cow manure (85% moisture content) and mix them in the silo to obtain poultry and livestock manure. Add the poultry and livestock manure and biomass material (prepared in Example 1) into the silo at a mass ratio of 4:1 and stir at 100 r / min for 1 h to obtain fermentation raw material. (2) Inject the fermentation raw materials into the dry anaerobic fermentation device, control the liquid level at 2 / 3 of the device height, keep the stirring shaft in the device running continuously at 18 r / h for 26 days, the fermentation temperature is 36℃, use a gas detector to detect the methane (CH4) content in the tank every 10 days, when the CH4 concentration exceeds 56%, vent the gas in the device and ignite it. (3) After fermentation, the mixed digestion liquid of livestock and poultry manure and biomass materials in the device is discharged. The mixed digestion liquid is separated into solid and liquid using a filter press. The separated solid material is solid biogas fertilizer with a water content of 67%. (4) The solid biogas fertilizer is piled up in a dry environment at room temperature. The temperature of the pile is monitored in real time with a thermometer. After the temperature of the pile rises to 55℃ for 6 hours, it is turned over and the operation is repeated until the temperature stabilizes at 40℃ to obtain biological dry fermented fertilizer with a moisture content of 30%. (5) Mix the soil-like palygorskite (particle size of 4mm) and the biological dry fermentation fertilizer at a volume ratio of 1:30, and age them under a humidity of 60% for 7 days. Turn the pile over once every 24 hours to obtain the soil organic conditioner.

[0043] Example 4 (1) Take 2 parts by weight of chicken manure (78% moisture content), 2 parts by weight of pig manure (87% moisture content), and 3 parts by weight of cow manure (85% moisture content) and mix them in the silo to obtain poultry and livestock manure. Add the poultry and livestock manure and biomass material (prepared in Example 1) into the silo at a mass ratio of 5:1 and stir at 100 r / min for 1.5 h to obtain fermentation raw material; (2) Inject the fermentation raw materials into the dry anaerobic fermentation device, control the liquid level at 2 / 3 of the device height, keep the stirring shaft in the device running continuously at a speed of 15 r / h for 30 days, the fermentation temperature is 37℃, use a gas detector to detect the methane (CH4) content in the tank every 8 days, when the CH4 concentration exceeds 56%, vent the gas in the device and ignite it. (3) After fermentation, the mixed digestion liquid of livestock and poultry manure and biomass materials in the device is discharged. The mixed digestion liquid is separated into solid and liquid using a filter press. The separated solid material is solid biogas fertilizer with a water content of 67%. (4) Solid biogas fertilizer is piled up in a dry environment at room temperature. The temperature of the pile is monitored in real time with a thermometer. After the temperature of the pile rises to 50℃ for 4 hours, it is turned over and repeated until the temperature stabilizes at 35℃ to obtain biological dry fermented fertilizer with a moisture content of 31%. (5) Mix the soil-like palygorskite (particle size of 5mm) and the biological dry fermentation fertilizer at a volume ratio of 1:10, age them, pile them up for 7 days under a humidity of 60%, and turn them over once every 24 hours to obtain the soil organic conditioner.

[0044] Example 5 (1) Take 1 part by weight of chicken manure (78% moisture content), 2 parts by weight of pig manure (87% moisture content), and 3 parts by weight of cow manure (85% moisture content) and mix them in the silo to obtain poultry and livestock manure. Add the poultry and livestock manure and biomass material (prepared in Example 1) into the silo at a mass ratio of 2:1 and stir at 100 r / min for 2 h to obtain fermentation raw material. (2) Inject the fermentation raw materials into the dry anaerobic fermentation device, control the liquid level at 2 / 3 of the device height, keep the stirring shaft in the device running continuously at a speed of 20 r / h for 20 days, during which the fermentation temperature is 38℃, and use a gas detector to detect the methane (CH4) content in the tank every 7 days. When the CH4 concentration exceeds 56%, vent the gas in the device and ignite it. (3) After fermentation, the mixed digestion liquid of livestock and poultry manure and biomass materials in the device is discharged. The mixed digestion liquid is separated into solid and liquid using a filter press. The separated solid material is solid biogas fertilizer with a water content of 69%. (4) The solid biogas fertilizer is piled up in a dry environment at room temperature. The temperature of the pile is monitored in real time with a thermometer. After the temperature of the pile rises to 60℃ for 5 hours, it is turned over and repeated until the temperature stabilizes at 38℃ to obtain biological dry fermented fertilizer with a moisture content of 34%. (5) Mix the soil-like palygorskite (particle size of 5mm) and the biological dry fermentation fertilizer at a volume ratio of 1:20, age them, and pile them up for 7 days under a humidity of 60%, turning them over once every 24 hours to obtain the soil organic conditioner.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 The method and steps are the same as in Example 2, except that biomass materials are not used to prepare the soil organic conditioner.

[0046] Comparative Example 2 The method and steps are the same as in Example 2, except that the mass ratio of poultry and livestock manure to biomass materials is changed to 1:1 to prepare the soil organic conditioner.

[0047] Comparative Example 3 The method and steps are the same as in Example 2, except that the preparation method of biomass materials (Example 1) is changed to hot impregnation with sodium acetate, ammonium sulfate and hydrochloric acid solution. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, and the soil organic conditioner is prepared.

[0048] Comparative Example 4 The method and steps are the same as in Example 2, except that the preparation method of biomass materials (Example 1) is changed to hot impregnation with sodium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and hydrochloric acid solution. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, and the soil organic conditioner is prepared.

[0049] Comparative Example 5 The method and steps are the same as in Example 2, except that the preparation method of biomass materials (Example 1) is changed to hot impregnation with ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and hydrochloric acid solution. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, and the soil organic conditioner is prepared.

[0050] Comparative Example 6 The method and steps are the same as in Example 2, except that the preparation method of biomass materials (Example 1) is changed to hot impregnation with a mixed solution, that is, without using 2.877mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, to prepare soil organic conditioner.

[0051] Comparative Example 7 The method and steps are the same as in Example 2, except that the temperature of the pile in step (4) is increased to 65°C to prepare the soil organic conditioner.

[0052] Comparative Example 8 The method and steps are the same as in Example 2, except that the volume ratio of soil-like palygorskite to biological dry fermentation fertilizer in step (5) is changed to 1:5 to prepare the soil organic conditioner.

[0053] Comparative Example 9 The method and steps are the same as in Example 2, except that the bio-dry fermented fertilizer prepared in step (4) is used as a soil organic conditioner.

[0054] Results Testing: The soil organic amendments prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were tested for their physicochemical properties using methods such as drying and potentiometric analysis. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Physicochemical parameters of soil organic amendments

[0055] The results showed that the total nutrient content of Examples 2-5 was above 8.3%, and the organic matter content was above 60%, significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-9. This indicates that the addition of biomass materials and a reasonable preparation process significantly improve the nutrient and organic matter content of the amendment. Comparative Example 1 did not use biomass materials, resulting in lower total nutrient and organic matter content, indicating that biomass materials played a key role in the amendment. In Comparative Example 2, the mass ratio of poultry and livestock manure to biomass materials was 1:1, leading to a higher pH value and a decrease in total nutrients, indicating that this mass ratio was unreasonable. The mass ratio of 2-5:1 was more suitable. In Comparative Examples 3-6, the inaccurate ratio of the modified mixed solution resulted in a decrease in total nutrient and organic matter content, highlighting the importance of precise ratio of hydrochloric acid and composite solution in this invention. In Comparative Example 7, the pile temperature was too high, resulting in a decrease in organic matter content, indicating that the pile temperature should be controlled at 50-60℃. In Comparative Example 8, the volume ratio of soil-like palygorskite to bio-dried fermented fertilizer was too high, resulting in a decrease in total nutrients. This further demonstrates that the volume ratio of 10-30:1 in the examples is beneficial for optimizing the physicochemical properties of the amendment. Comparative Example 9, which only used bio-dried fermented fertilizer, had a low total nutrient content, indicating that the combination of soil-like palygorskite and bio-dried fermented fertilizer is crucial for improving the performance of the amendment.

[0056] Example 6 Soil compaction caused by continuous cropping in Guannan County, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province was used as the experimental subject for soil improvement. The steps are as follows: soil salinity 4.47‰, pH 8.7, organic matter 2.07g / kg, capillary porosity 37.55%, and bulk density 1.60g / cm3. (1) Select several adjacent open fields with the same soil type, each 25 meters long and 8 meters wide, and carry out soil improvement. The fields are grouped as follows: Experimental group 1: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Example 2 was applied; Experimental group 2: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Example 3 was applied; Experimental group 3: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Example 4 was applied; Experimental group 4: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Example 5 was applied; Control group 1: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Comparative Example 1 was applied; Control group 2: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in control group 2 was applied; Control group 3: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in control group 3 was applied; Control group 4: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in control group 4 was applied; Control group 5: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in control group 5 was applied; Control group 6: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in control group 6 was applied; Control group 7: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in control group 7 was applied; Control group 8: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in control group 8 was applied; Control group 9: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in control group 9 was applied; Control group 10: 1.5 t / mu of commercially available organic fertilizer that meets national standards was applied; Control group 11: 30 kg / mu of chemical compound fertilizer was applied; Blank control group: No fertilizer was applied; (2) After fertilization, use a small rotary tiller to till the field to a depth of 15cm. Repeat the tillage twice to ensure that the fertilizer applied in each treatment group is evenly mixed with the top 15cm of soil. (3) After rotary tillage, irrigation water was used for flooding. Flooding was carried out again after 20 days, with an average irrigation volume of 5 cubic meters per mu each time. Then, the field was left undisturbed under natural conditions for 90 days. Soil capillary porosity and bulk density were measured. The testing method was based on "Soil Agrochemical Analysis"—Bao Shidan. The results are shown in Table 2: Table 2. Physicochemical properties of soil after 90 days of treatment

[0057] The results showed that the capillary porosity of the experimental group was significantly increased, reaching 51.80%-54.29%, and the bulk density decreased to 1.30-1.36 g / cm³. Compared with the blank control group, the soil structure was significantly optimized, indicating that the soil conditioner can effectively improve soil aeration and permeability. The organic matter content of the experimental group increased to 3.69%-4.05%, the pH value decreased to 7.23-7.71, and the salinity decreased to 3.15-3.29‰, indicating that the soil conditioner regulated the soil environment through acid-base neutralization and nutrient release, making it more suitable for plant growth. The improvement effects of commercially available organic fertilizer (control group 10) and chemical fertilizer (control group 11) were significantly lower than those of the experimental group. Chemical fertilizer even led to an increase in soil bulk density and salinity, indicating that the soil conditioner of this invention has significant advantages in soil improvement. Example 4, with a volume ratio of 1:10, showed a slightly better improvement effect, suggesting that a lower compounding ratio (10-30:1) may be more conducive to pore formation, providing a reference for the formulation of modifiers in practical applications.

[0058] Example 7 Soil compaction caused by continuous cropping in Guannan County, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province was used as the experimental subject for soil improvement. The steps are as follows: soil salinity 4.47‰, pH 8.7, organic matter 2.07 g / kg, capillary porosity 37.55%, and bulk density 1.60 g / cm³. 3 ; (1) Select multiple adjacent open field plots with the same soil quality, each 30 meters long and 10 meters wide, and set up multiple treatment groups according to Example 6; (2) After fertilization, use a small rotary tiller to till the field to a depth of 30 cm. Repeat the tillage twice to ensure that the fertilizer applied in each treatment group is evenly mixed with the top 30 cm of soil. (3) After rotary tillage, sow qualified leek seeds. The leek variety is "Changfeng 791". The sowing amount is 3 kg / mu. The cultivation measures are wide-row deep furrow sowing, with a sowing width of 15 cm, a width interval of 20 cm, and a furrow depth of 5 cm. Before sowing, the land is thoroughly irrigated with 5 cubic meters / mu of water. After sowing, cover the soil with a 1-2 cm thick layer of fine soil and keep the soil moist at all times. (4) When the leek seedlings grow to 6cm, lightly water them once and loosen the soil. When they grow to 12cm, apply equal amounts of organic fertilizer twice according to each treatment, and apply 0.5kg / mu of crystalline trichlorfon with water. (5) Stop watering after the chives have grown to 17 cm in height. Measure the soil organic matter content, microbial count, and chive weight at this time. The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Impact of chive planting on soil

[0059] The results showed that the number of bacteria in the experimental group was significantly increased, reaching 17.8-20.1 × 10⁻⁶. 7 CFU / g, compared to the blank group (8.3×10⁻⁶). 7 The significant increase in CFU / g indicates that the bio-dried fermented fertilizer and biomass materials synergistically promoted microbial colonization, providing a good foundation for soil ecosystem restoration. The organic matter content in the experimental groups reached 4.12%-4.45%, and the fresh weight of the chives reached 5.0-5.8 kg / m². Compared with the blank control group, soil fertility and crop yield were significantly improved, verifying the long-lasting fertilization capacity of the soil conditioner and its promoting effect on crop growth. The number of microorganisms and crop yield in the traditional fertilizer (control group 10-11) were lower than in the experimental groups, indicating that the soil conditioner of this invention achieved yield increase through a synergistic mechanism of "structure-microorganism-nutrients," exhibiting better soil improvement and crop growth promotion effects. Experimental group 4 had the highest fresh weight of chives, reaching 5.8 kg / m². 2 Furthermore, the number of microorganisms and the content of organic matter were also at a high level, indicating that the ratio and application amount of the soil amendment in this group may be more conducive to crop growth and soil improvement, providing a reference for the use of soil amendments in practical applications.

[0060] Example 8 Soil compaction caused by continuous cropping in Guannan County, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province was used as the experimental subject for soil improvement. The steps are as follows: soil salinity 4.47‰, pH 8.7, organic matter 2.07 g / kg, capillary porosity 37.55%, and bulk density 1.60 g / cm³. 3 .

[0061] (1) Select several adjacent open fields with the same soil type, each 25 meters long and 8 meters wide, and carry out soil improvement. The fields are grouped as follows: Experimental group 1: 0.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Example 2 was applied; Experimental group 2: 1.0 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Example 2 was applied; Experimental group 3: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Example 2 was applied; Experimental group 4: 2.0 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Example 2 was applied; Control group: 1.5 t / mu of commercially available organic fertilizer that meets national standards was applied, in accordance with NY 525-2021 standard; Blank control group: No fertilizer was applied; (2) After fertilization, use a small rotary tiller to till the field to a depth of 15cm. Repeat the tillage twice to ensure that the fertilizer applied in each treatment group is evenly mixed with the top 15cm of soil. (3) After rotary tillage, irrigation water was used for flooding. Flooding was carried out again after 20 days, with an average irrigation volume of 5 cubic meters per mu each time. Then, the field was left undisturbed under natural conditions for 90 days. Soil capillary porosity and bulk density were measured. The testing method was based on "Soil Agrochemical Analysis"—Bao Shidan. The results are shown in Table 4: Table 4. Effects of application rate on the improvement of compacted soil

[0062] The results showed that with increasing application rate, soil capillary porosity and organic matter content gradually increased, while bulk density gradually decreased. This indicates that the soil organic amendment of this invention exhibits dose-dependent properties within a certain range and can effectively improve soil physical properties and fertility. When the application rate reached 1.5 t / mu, the capillary porosity reached 52.32%, and the organic matter content reached 3.79%. Further increasing the application rate to 2.0 t / mu resulted in a slower increase in the rate of improvement, indicating that 1.5 t / mu is the most cost-effective application rate, achieving good improvement results while avoiding unnecessary resource waste. At the same application rate, the capillary porosity and organic matter content of this amendment are significantly better than those of commercially available organic fertilizers, demonstrating higher improvement efficiency. This indicates that the amendment of this invention has significant advantages and application prospects in soil improvement.

[0063] Example 9 Soil compaction caused by continuous cropping in Guannan County, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province was used as the experimental subject for soil improvement. The steps are as follows: soil salinity 4.47‰, pH 8.7, organic matter 2.07 g / kg, capillary porosity 37.55%, and bulk density 1.60 g / cm³. 3 .

[0064] (1) Select several adjacent open fields with the same soil type, each 25 meters long and 8 meters wide, and carry out soil improvement. The fields are grouped as follows: Experimental group: 1.5 t / mu of the soil organic amendment prepared in Example 2 was applied; Control group 1: 1.5 t / mu of commercially available organic fertilizer that meets national standards was applied; Control group 2: 30 kg / mu of Jiashili chemical compound fertilizer was applied; Blank control group: No fertilizer was applied; (2) After fertilization, use a small rotary tiller to till the field to a depth of 15cm. Repeat the tillage twice to ensure that the fertilizer applied in each treatment group is evenly mixed with the top 15cm of soil. (3) After rotary tillage, irrigation water was used for flooding. Flooding was carried out again after 20 days, with an average irrigation volume of 5 cubic meters per mu each time. Then, the field was left undisturbed under natural conditions for a period of time. After that, the soil capillary porosity and bulk density were measured. The testing method was based on "Soil Agrochemical Analysis" - Bao Shidan. The results are shown in Table 5: Table 5. Water and fertilizer retention capacity of different treatment groups

[0065] The results showed that the capillary porosity of the experimental group continuously increased to 52.8% and the bulk density decreased to 1.33 g / cm³ within 2 years, while the organic matter content reached 4.0%. This indicates that the soil organic conditioner prepared in Example 2 has long-term stability and can continuously improve the physical properties and fertility of the soil. Specifically, it is manifested in the synergistic construction of multi-level pores by the organic matter in the bio-dry fermented fertilizer and the fibrous structure of the soil-like palygorskite, thereby increasing the soil capillary porosity and reducing the bulk density. The commercially available organic fertilizer (control group 1) and chemical fertilizer (control group 2) groups showed gradual deterioration of soil structure, with a significant decrease in capillary porosity and organic matter content within 2 years. This indicates that traditional fertilizers are difficult to achieve long-term soil improvement and are prone to causing soil compaction and rebound.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soil organic amendment for ecological reconstruction of compacted soil, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of biomass materials: Sodium aluminosilicate, biochar and ceramsite are mixed and then impregnated in a modified mixed solution to obtain biomass materials; (2) Preparation of biological dry fermented fertilizer: Chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure are mixed to obtain poultry and livestock manure, which is then mixed with biomass materials, and after dry anaerobic fermentation, solid-liquid separation, drying and turning are obtained to obtain biological dry fermented fertilizer; (3) Soil-like palygorskite and biological dry fermentation fertilizer are mixed and aged to obtain soil organic conditioner; The modified mixed solution described in step (1) is composed of an equal volume ratio of 2-3 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution and a 2.5-5 mol / L mixed solution; The mixed solution consists of 1-1.5 mol / L sodium acetate solution, 0.5-1 mol / L ammonium sulfate solution, 0.1-1.0 mol / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and 0.8-1.5 mol / L sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution; In step (2), the mass ratio of poultry and livestock manure to biomass material is 2-5:1; the solid content of the poultry and livestock manure is 10-25%; and the biomass material is an H-type modified zeolite composite with a specific surface area of ​​800-2000 m². 2 / g; The drying and turning process involves piling up the solid biogas fertilizer obtained from solid-liquid separation, raising the temperature of the pile to 50-60℃, and turning it over after 3-6 hours, repeating this process until the temperature stabilizes at 35-45℃. The soil organic conditioner described in step (3) is composed of biological dry fermented fertilizer and soil-like palygorskite in a volume ratio of 10-30:1, with a water content of 25-40%.

2. The method for preparing a soil organic amendment for ecological reconstruction of compacted soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bio-dry fermented fertilizer is prepared by anaerobic fermentation of poultry and livestock manure and biomass materials.

3. The method for preparing a soil organic amendment for ecological reconstruction of compacted soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the soil-like palygorskite is 3-5 mm.

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