Ballast chip flushing screen structure for ballasted track and ballast chip flushing method

Abstract

This application discloses a ballast debris flushing and screening structure and method for ballasted tracks. The ballast debris flushing and screening structure includes: a ballast filter layer disposed under the track bed; a flushing cavity disposed between the track bed and the sub-foundation; ballast debris in the track bed falls into the flushing cavity through the ballast filter layer; and a flushing device that flushes the ballast debris falling into the flushing cavity and discharges it out of the track bed with the flushing water flow. According to the technical solution of this application, ballast debris and external dust generated by ballast wear can be cleaned and removed from the track bed without disturbing the entire loose track bed structure, providing a good track foundation for safe and comfortable operation. Furthermore, this application requires less operating space, matching existing bridge and tunnel structure technologies, and is highly suitable for operation scenarios with limited space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of track engineering technology, specifically to a ballast debris screening structure and method for ballasted tracks. Background Technology

[0002] Ballasted track is widely used in railways and urban rail transit both domestically and internationally. Its track bed structure is composed of discrete particles of ballast rock, and the load-bearing capacity is formed by a complex stress system, including the interlocking force between the particles. However, when trains run for extended periods, ballast debris inevitably breaks down and pulverizes. These fine particles gradually settle at the bottom of the track bed, causing the entire track bed structure to harden and compact, affecting the stress system and service performance of the track structure. Furthermore, the deposition of fine particles can also impede the permeability of the original granular track bed, thus seriously compromising operational safety.

[0003] The existing method for cleaning ballast debris involves planned screening using large-scale screening machinery. The working principle is to remove the entire ballast, then use machinery to screen and remove fine particulate contaminants from the area outside the track bed. Larger ballast particles are then backfilled into the track bed area. Throughout the process, the ballast is moved away, fine particles are screened out, and then it is re-filled back into the track area. However, this method requires relocating the original ballast, and the machinery is bulky, making it almost unusable, especially in urban rail transit. Furthermore, because all the ballast is removed, the interlocking relationship between the ballast debris is rearranged after refilling, which can compromise the stability of the ballasted track. This necessitates combined operations with other tamping and stabilizing machinery, further increasing maintenance costs.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ballast debris flushing and screening solution for ballast tracks to solve the problems of large ballast migration and large working space. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in a first aspect, this application proposes a ballast debris flushing and screening structure with a ballast track to reduce the flushing and screening operation space while avoiding overall ballast migration, the structure comprising:

[0006] Ballast filter layer, installed under the ballast track bed;

[0007] A flushing cavity is provided between the ballast track bed and the sub-foundation; ballast debris in the ballast track bed falls into the flushing cavity through the ballast filter layer;

[0008] The flushing device flushes the ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity and discharges the ballast debris out of the track bed along with the flushing water flow.

[0009] Preferably, the ballast filter layer comprises:

[0010] A rigid screen, wherein the grid of the rigid screen screens and filters the ballast debris.

[0011] Preferably, the ballast debris screening structure further includes:

[0012] A track bed support structure is provided between the track bed and the substructure.

[0013] More preferably, the track bed support structure includes:

[0014] A supporting shell is disposed between the track bed and the lower foundation; and

[0015] The supporting shell is a hollow structure with a filter hole at the top; the hollow structure forms the flushing cavity, and the filter hole screens and filters the ballast debris.

[0016] More preferably, the track bed support structure includes:

[0017] Multiple support columns and pads;

[0018] The pad is placed on the lower foundation of the ballasted track, and the plurality of support columns are placed between the ballast filter layer and the pad to provide support for the track bed and the ballast filter layer.

[0019] Preferably, the rinsing device includes:

[0020] The first flushing pipe has its outlet located in the flushing cavity;

[0021] The liquid flowing out of the first flushing pipe flushes the ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity and discharges the ballast debris out of the track bed along with the flushing water flow.

[0022] More preferably, a drainage ditch is provided in the flushing cavity;

[0023] The water flow direction of the first flushing pipe corresponds to the position of the drainage ditch, so that the ballast debris falling into the flushing cavity is flushed by the water flow from the first flushing pipe and the outflowing water is collected in the drainage ditch and discharged to the outside of the track bed through the drainage ditch.

[0024] More preferably, the rinsing device further includes:

[0025] The second flushing pipe has its outlet located in the drainage ditch.

[0026] The water flowing out of the second flushing pipe flushes the ballast debris collected in the drainage ditch and discharges the ballast debris out of the track bed along with the flushing water flow.

[0027] Further preferred,

[0028] The first flushing pipe is disposed on both sides of the flushing cavity, and the drain ditch is disposed in the center of the flushing cavity;

[0029] A through-type inspection well is provided in the middle of the track bed, and the second flushing pipe passes vertically through the inspection well.

[0030] More preferably, the rinsing device further includes:

[0031] A flushing pipe traction device is installed on the outside of the track bed to generate traction force on the first flushing pipe; when the flushing pipe traction device moves along the moving track direction on the outside of the track bed, it drives the first flushing pipe to move in the flushing cavity.

[0032] More preferably, the flushing pipe traction device generates a traction force on the first flushing pipe through magnetic attraction.

[0033] More preferably, the ballast debris screening structure further includes:

[0034] A retaining wall is installed on the side of the track bed to provide a stop for the track bed; and

[0035] The retaining wall is a hollow structure; the flushing pipe traction device moves within the hollow structure of the retaining wall.

[0036] In a second aspect, this application also provides a method for screening ballast debris from ballasted tracks, the method comprising:

[0037] A ballast filter layer and a flushing cavity are constructed between the ballast track bed and the sub-foundation, so that ballast debris in the track bed falls into the flushing cavity through the ballast filter layer.

[0038] The ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity is flushed, and the ballast debris is discharged out of the track bed along with the flushing water flow.

[0039] Preferably, the method involves flushing ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity, causing the ballast debris to be discharged outside the track bed along with the flushing water flow, including:

[0040] The ballast debris falling into the flushing cavity is flushed laterally from both sides of the bottom of the track bed, so that the ballast debris gathers into the drainage ditch in the flushing cavity.

[0041] The ballast debris in the drainage ditch is flushed longitudinally until it is discharged outside the track bed.

[0042] According to the ballast debris flushing structure for ballasted tracks provided in this application, ballast filter layers can filter out ballast debris that does not meet size requirements. The debris is then collected through a flushing cavity and finally removed using a flushing device. This allows the present application to clean and remove ballast debris and external dust and other contaminants generated by ballast wear from inside the track bed without disturbing the entire loose track bed structure. This ensures reasonable stiffness and damping of the track bed, maintains good dynamic smoothness, and provides a good track foundation for safe and comfortable operation. Furthermore, the present application requires less operating space, matching existing bridge and tunnel structural technologies, making it highly suitable for space-constrained operating scenarios.

[0043] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application, and the illustrative embodiments and descriptions thereof are used to explain this application. In the drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the ballast debris screening structure of a ballasted track according to a preferred embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the flow direction of ballast debris during screening according to a preferred embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 3 A partial structural schematic diagram of the ballast debris flushing structure of a ballasted track according to a preferred embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for screening ballast debris from a ballasted track, which is a preferred embodiment of this application.

[0049] Attached drawings numbered: 1-Battery filter layer; 2-Flushing cavity; 21-Drainage ditch; 31-First flushing pipe; 32-Second flushing pipe; 33-Inspection well; 34-Flushing pipe traction equipment; 35-Battery retaining wall; 41-Support column; 42-Material plate; 100-Battery bed; 200-Substructure. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0051] First, this application provides a ballast debris flushing and screening structure for ballasted tracks. This structure can clean, collect, and discharge ballast bed debris without disturbing the existing ballast bed structure. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the ballast debris flushing structure of the ballast track includes: a ballast filter layer 1, a flushing cavity 2, and a flushing device.

[0052] The ballast filter layer 1 is installed under the ballast track bed 100 to filter out ballast that does not meet size requirements from the bottom of the ballast track bed. The flushing cavity 2 is installed between the ballast track bed 100 and the lower foundation 200. The cavity structure is formed by means including but not limited to distributed short column support, longitudinal and transverse grid support, prefabricated lower cavity, or fixing to the sides of other structures. As long as the ballast track bed structure can be "lifted up", a certain cavity space can be formed under the ballast track bed 100.

[0053] Ballast debris in the track bed 100 will continuously deposit downwards under the vibration of trains, eventually falling into the flushing cavity 2 through the ballast filter layer 1 at the bottom of the track bed 100. When this structure is applied to bridges, the flushing effect of natural rainwater will accelerate this process; when applied to tunnels, the maintenance and ballast flushing work will also accelerate the process of debris falling into the lower cavity. Furthermore, the distribution of ballast debris falling into the lower flushing cavity 2 is nearly uniform, therefore, certain technical means are needed to collect the debris and discharge it uniformly. Therefore, this application also designs a flushing device, which is used to flush the ballast debris falling into the flushing cavity 2 and discharge the ballast debris out of the track bed 100 along with the flushing water flow.

[0054] In other words, by using the ballast debris flushing and screening structure for ballasted tracks provided in this application, only a small cavity space needs to be set up at the bottom of the track bed. Then, the ballast debris in the space can be uniformly collected and discharged by water flow, thus completing the flushing and screening of ballast debris for the entire track. This method causes less disturbance to the entire track and requires less working space, making it very suitable for applications with limited space, such as urban rail transit.

[0055] The ballast filter layer 1 can be made of a rigid screen, which filters out ballast debris from the bottom of the ballast bed 100 that does not meet size requirements. Alternatively, the ballast filter layer 1 can also be a filter hole directly opened above the flushing cavity 2; this application does not limit the scope of the filter layer.

[0056] Regarding the formation of the flushing cavity 2, in one specific embodiment, the ballast debris flushing structure further includes: a track bed support structure, which is disposed between the track bed 100 and the lower foundation 200, and supports the track bed 100 based on the lower foundation 200 to form the flushing cavity 2.

[0057] The track bed support structure may specifically include: a support shell made of concrete or other robust materials. This support shell is positioned between the track bed 100 and the lower foundation 200, and is a hollow structure with filter holes at the top. The filter holes at the top form a ballast filter layer 1, and the hollow structure forms a flushing cavity 2, which filters and screens ballast debris.

[0058] Alternatively, the track bed support structure may include multiple support columns 41 and base plates 42. The base plates 42 are positioned on the lower foundation 200 of the ballasted track, and the multiple support columns 41 are evenly distributed between the ballast filter layer 1 and the base plates 42 to provide support for the track bed 100 and the ballast filter layer 1. Here, the ballast filter layer 1 may be a filter layer composed of a rigid screen.

[0059] The flushing device includes a first flushing pipe 31, the outlet of which is located in the flushing cavity 2. The liquid flowing out from the first flushing pipe 31 flushes the ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity 2 and discharges the ballast debris to the outside of the track bed 100 along with the flushing water flow direction.

[0060] It is understood that the outlet of the first flushing pipe 31 is located within the flushing cavity 2, but the position of the inlet can be set as needed. In a specific embodiment, the first flushing pipe 31 includes a longitudinal pipe and a transverse pipe, and the first flushing pipe 31 is generally formed into an inverted T shape. The longitudinal pipe is arranged in the same direction as the rail and includes multiple outlets. One end of the transverse pipe is detachably or non-detachably connected to the longitudinal pipe, and the other end is the inlet, connected to an external water source. After the flushing water is pressurized, it flows into the longitudinal pipe through the transverse pipe. The multiple outlets in the longitudinal pipe uniformly and with sufficient pressure clean the flushing cavity 2 along the direction perpendicular to the track. Here, the longitudinal pipe does not need to be arranged along the entire track; only the length of the longitudinal pipe needs to be set as needed. When it is necessary to clean the ballast debris along the entire track, the longitudinal pipe can be moved along the track with the help of external force to complete the cleaning of the ballast debris of the required section. An embodiment of the external force pushing the first flushing pipe 31 is described below.

[0061] In addition, to better collect ballast debris falling into the flushing cavity 2, a drainage ditch 21 is provided in the flushing cavity 2. The drainage ditch 21 is oriented in the same direction as the rail. The water flow direction of the first flushing pipe 31 corresponds to the position of the drainage ditch 21, so that the ballast debris falling into the flushing cavity 2 is flushed by the water flowing out of the first flushing pipe 31 and collected in the drainage ditch 21, and then discharged to the outside of the track bed 100 through the drainage ditch 21.

[0062] Understandably, the arrangement of the drainage ditch 21 can be determined based on the formation of the flushing cavity. For example, a drainage ditch can be opened at the bottom of the support shell, with the longitudinal pipe of the first flushing pipe 31 located on the upper surface of the inner cavity of the support shell, allowing ballast debris to flow naturally into the drainage ditch from high to low with the water flow; or, for instance, a drainage ditch can be formed using the gap between two pads, with the longitudinal pipe of the first flushing pipe 31 located on the pad, similarly allowing ballast debris to flow naturally into the drainage ditch from high to low with the water flow.

[0063] In sloping sections, the slope of the drainage ditch 21 follows the same trend as the road slope, allowing ballast debris to be naturally discharged with the water flow within the ditch 21. In gentler sections, the flushing device may further include a second flushing pipe 32. The outlet of the second flushing pipe 32 is located in the drainage ditch 21, creating another water flow force within the ditch 21. This water flow from the second flushing pipe 32 flushes the ballast debris collected in the drainage ditch 21, discharging the debris outside the track bed 100 along with the flushing water flow.

[0064] In one specific embodiment, a first flushing pipe 31 is disposed on both sides of the flushing cavity 2, and a drainage ditch 21 is disposed in the center of the flushing cavity 2. The first flushing pipe 31 can flush ballast debris from both sides of the flushing cavity 2 to the central drainage ditch 21. A through-type inspection well 33 is disposed in the middle of the track bed 100, and a second flushing pipe 32 passes vertically through the inspection well 33. The bottom of the second flushing pipe 32 has a bend structure, which can guide the water flow direction, so that the ballast debris is discharged along the direction of the drainage ditch 21. Here, the location of the inspection well 33 can be set according to the specific road conditions and the length of the longitudinal pipe of the first flushing pipe 31. And since the first flushing pipe 31 is movable, the second flushing pipe 32 can be set to follow the movement of the first flushing pipe 31. When flushing is required at a certain location, the corresponding inspection well 33 is inserted, so that the flushing device can flush the required area "segment by segment".

[0065] Regarding the movement of the first flushing pipe 31, the flushing device further includes a flushing pipe traction device 34, which is disposed on the outside of the track bed 100 and exerts a traction force on the first flushing pipe. The flushing pipe traction device 34 can be a trolley with its own power system. When the flushing pipe traction device 34 moves along the moving track direction on the outside of the track bed 100, it drives the first flushing pipe 31 to move in the flushing cavity 2. In a specific embodiment, the flushing pipe traction device 34 and the first flushing pipe 31 can be pulled together by magnetic attraction. When the flushing pipe traction device 34 with a magnet and the first flushing pipe 31 approach each other, the magnetic poles will generate a magnetic attraction force, thereby allowing the flushing pipe traction device 34 to attract and drive the first flushing pipe 31 to move. Of course, the flushing pipe traction device 34 and the first flushing pipe 31 can also be connected in other ways, which is not limited in this application.

[0066] Additionally, this application may also include a retaining wall 35. The retaining wall 35 is a hollow structure and is disposed on the side of the track bed 100, allowing the flushing pipe traction device 34 to move within the hollow structure of the retaining wall 35. The retaining wall 35 is disposed close to the side of the track bed 100, not only providing a stop for the track bed 100 but also providing a passage for the flushing pipe traction device 34.

[0067] Understandably, if the retaining wall 35 is used to stop the track bed 100, then only the part of the retaining wall 35 that is in contact with the track bed 100 needs to be stopped. An opening can be provided in the part of the retaining wall 35 that is adjacent to the flushing cavity 2 below the track bed 100, so that the flushing pipe traction device 34 can be retracted and extended and the first flushing pipe 31 can be connected.

[0068] The above describes the ballast debris flushing and screening structure for ballasted tracks provided in this application. The various mechanisms in the structure are organically coordinated to achieve the functions of flushing, collecting, and removing dirt and debris from the ballast gaps along a designated path within the track bed. The following is a general description of the movement of ballast debris during flushing and screening using this structure, through a specific implementation method.

[0069] Figure 2-3 The direction of the arrow indicates the flow direction of ballast debris. Ballast debris that does not meet the size requirements will fall from the ballast bed 100 into the flushing cavity 2 after being filtered by the ballast filter layer 1. Openings are provided at regular intervals in the retaining wall 35, and the first flushing pipe 31 and the flushing pipe traction device 34 are placed in the area that needs to be flushed through these openings. The longitudinal and transverse pipes in the first flushing pipe 31 are detachably connected. After the longitudinal pipe in the first flushing pipe 31 is placed, the transverse pipe in the first flushing pipe 31 is connected. After the water is turned on from the inlet of the transverse pipe of the first flushing pipe 31, the outlets evenly distributed in the longitudinal pipes of the first flushing pipe 31 on both sides of the flushing cavity 2 will form a transverse water flow from both sides of the flushing cavity 2 towards the drainage ditch 21 on the pad plate 42, flushing the ballast debris that falls onto the pad plate 42 towards the drainage ditch 21. During this process, the flushing pipe traction device 34 can pull the first flushing pipe 31 back and forth in the opening of the retaining wall 35 or pull the first flushing pipe 31 to a fixed position so that the first flushing pipe 31 can spray ballast debris as needed. Furthermore, a second flushing pipe 32 is placed using the inspection well 33 in the flushing area. Water enters from the top of the second flushing pipe 32, and after being guided by the bend of the second flushing pipe 32, it forms a longitudinal water flow force in the drainage ditch 21, thereby pushing the ballast debris flowing into the drainage ditch 21 along the drainage ditch 21 in the desired direction. After the flushing of this section of the flushing area is completed, the longitudinal and transverse pipes in the first flushing pipe 31 can be disassembled, and the transverse pipe, flushing pipe traction device 34, and second flushing pipe 32 can be removed and moved to the next section that needs flushing. The flushing pipe traction device 34 can then attract and move the longitudinal pipe in the first flushing pipe 31 to the same position at the next location. After one or more stages of rinsing and screening are completed, the aforementioned dirt and grime will be pushed to the drainage holes of the bridge or the sewage pumping station in the tunnel, thus completing the entire operation of removing dirt and grime from the ballast body.

[0070] According to the ballast debris flushing structure for ballasted tracks provided in this application, ballast filter layers can filter out ballast debris that does not meet size requirements. The debris is then collected through a flushing cavity and finally removed using a flushing device. This allows the present application to clean and remove ballast debris and external dust and other contaminants generated by ballast wear from inside the track bed without disturbing the entire loose track bed structure. This ensures reasonable stiffness and damping of the track bed, maintains good dynamic smoothness, and provides a good track foundation for safe and comfortable operation. Furthermore, the present application requires less operating space, matching existing bridge and tunnel structural technologies, making it highly suitable for space-constrained operating scenarios.

[0071] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned ballast debris screening structure for ballasted tracks, this application also proposes a method for screening ballast debris from ballasted tracks, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the method includes steps 410-420:

[0072] Step 410: A ballast filter layer and a flushing cavity are constructed between the ballast track bed and the sub-foundation, so that ballast debris in the track bed falls into the flushing cavity through the ballast filter layer.

[0073] Specifically, the methods for constructing the ballast filter layer and flushing cavity include, but are not limited to, distributed short column supports, longitudinal and transverse grid supports, prefabricated lower cavities, or fixing to the sides of other structures. The specific implementation is as described above for the ballast debris flushing structure of ballasted tracks, and will not be repeated here.

[0074] Step 420: The ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity is flushed, so that the ballast debris is discharged out of the track bed along with the flushing water flow.

[0075] Specifically, by utilizing the transversely arranged outlets in the longitudinally arranged flushing pipes, ballast debris falling into the flushing cavity can be flushed laterally from both sides of the bottom of the track bed, causing the ballast debris to collect in the drainage ditch within the flushing cavity. Furthermore, by utilizing the longitudinal bend at the bottom of the flushing pipes vertically inserted into the track bed, the ballast debris in the drainage ditch can be flushed longitudinally until it is discharged outside the track bed. The specific implementation is illustrated in the above description of the ballast debris flushing structure for ballasted tracks, and will not be repeated here.

[0076] The preferred embodiment of the ballast debris screening method for ballasted tracks provided in this application, the technical problems it solves, and the technical effects it achieves are the same as the ballast debris screening structure for ballasted tracks described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0077] The preferred embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. However, this application is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this application, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of this application, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0078] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this application will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0079] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this application can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this application, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by this invention.

Claims

1. A ballast chip flushing screen structure of a ballasted track, characterized by, The ballast debris screening structure includes: A ballast filter layer (1) is provided under the ballast track bed (100). The ballast filter layer (1) includes a rigid screen, and the grid of the rigid screen screens and filters the ballast debris. A track bed support structure is disposed between the track bed (100) and the lower foundation (200). The track bed support structure includes a support shell, which is disposed between the track bed (100) and the lower foundation (200). The support shell is a hollow structure with a filter hole at the top. The filter hole screens and filters the ballast debris. The hollow structure forms a flushing cavity (2). The track bed support structure includes multiple support columns (41) and pads (42). The pads (42) are disposed on the lower foundation (200) of the ballasted track. The multiple support columns (41) are disposed between the ballast filter layer (1) and the pads (42) to form support for the track bed (100) and the ballast filter layer (1). The flushing cavity (2) is located between the ballast track bed (100) and the lower foundation (200); the ballast debris in the ballast track bed (100) will continuously deposit downwards under the vibration of the running train, and finally fall into the flushing cavity (2) through the ballast filter layer (1); The flushing device flushes the ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity (2) and discharges the ballast debris out of the track bed (100) along with the flushing water flow. The flushing device includes a first flushing pipe (31), the outlet of which is located in the flushing cavity (2). The liquid flowing out from the first flushing pipe (31) flushes the ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity (2) and discharges the ballast debris out of the track bed (100) along with the flushing water flow. The flushing device also includes a flushing pipe traction device (34), which is located on the outside of the track bed (100) and exerts a traction force on the first flushing pipe (31). When the flushing pipe traction device (34) moves along the moving track direction on the outside of the track bed (100), it drives the first flushing pipe (31) to move in the flushing cavity (2). The ballast debris flushing structure also includes a retaining wall (35), which is set on the side of the track bed (100) to form a stop for the track bed (100). The retaining wall (35) is a hollow structure, and the flushing pipe traction device (34) moves within the hollow structure of the retaining wall (35).

2. The ballast chip flushing screen structure according to claim 1, characterized by A drainage ditch (21) is provided in the flushing cavity (2); The water flow direction of the first flushing pipe (31) corresponds to the position of the drainage ditch (21), so that the ballast debris falling into the flushing cavity (2) is flushed by the water flow from the first flushing pipe (31) and the outflowing water flows into the drainage ditch (21) and is discharged to the outside of the track bed (100) through the drainage ditch (21).

3. The ballast debris screening structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flushing device further includes: The outlet of the second flushing pipe (32) is located in the drainage ditch (21); The water flowing out from the second flushing pipe (32) flushes the ballast debris collected in the drainage ditch (21) and discharges the ballast debris out of the track bed (100) following the direction of the flushing water flow.

4. The ballast debris screening structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first flushing pipe (31) is disposed on both sides of the flushing cavity (2), and the drain ditch (21) is disposed in the center of the flushing cavity (2); A through-type inspection well (33) is provided in the middle of the track bed (100), and the second flushing pipe (32) passes vertically through the inspection well (33).

5. The ballast debris screening structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flushing pipe traction device (34) generates a traction force on the first flushing pipe (31) through magnetic attraction.

6. A method for screening ballast debris from ballasted tracks, characterized in that, The method using the ballast debris screening structure of claim 1 includes: A ballast filter layer and a flushing cavity are constructed between the ballast bed and the subbase of the ballasted track, so that ballast debris in the ballast bed falls into the flushing cavity through the ballast filter layer under the vibration of the running train. The ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity is flushed, and the ballast debris is discharged out of the track bed along with the flushing water flow.

7. The method for screening ballast debris according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of flushing ballast debris that falls into the flushing cavity, allowing the debris to be discharged out of the track bed along with the flushing water flow, includes: The ballast debris falling into the flushing cavity is flushed laterally from both sides of the bottom of the track bed, so that the ballast debris gathers into the drainage ditch in the flushing cavity. The ballast debris in the drainage ditch is flushed longitudinally until it is discharged outside the track bed.

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