Split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod, monitoring and early warning system and method

Abstract

A split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod, a monitoring system and a monitoring method relate to the technical field of intelligent anchoring equipment, through split type design of the anchor rod and improvement of the yielding structure, the anchor rod can maintain connection strength and stability when coping with multi-angle force impact, and can also identify whether deformation exceeds the standard; the anchor rod body includes an inner anchoring rod body and an outer anchoring rod body; the fastening end is arranged on one side of the outer anchoring rod body, and a connecting sleeve is arranged on the other side of the outer anchoring rod body; the yielding mechanism includes a mounting cylinder and a yielding nut; the connecting sleeve is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the mounting cylinder, the yielding nut is sleeved on the inner anchoring rod body close to the connecting sleeve, and the outer side of the yielding nut abuts against the inner wall of the mounting cylinder; a pressure sensing unit is arranged in the mounting cylinder, the pressure sensing unit is located on the side away from the connecting sleeve, and the pressure sensing unit outputs a pressure value and an alarm signal when frictionally extruding at the position corresponding to the yielding nut and the connecting sleeve.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent anchoring equipment, in particular to a split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod, a monitoring and early warning system and a method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The anchor rod is the most basic component of the roadway support in the contemporary coal mine, which reinforces the surrounding rock of the roadway together, so that the surrounding rock supports itself. The anchor rod is not only used in mines, but also used in engineering technology to reinforce the main body of the slope, tunnel and dam. As a tension member that penetrates into the stratum, one end of the anchor rod is connected with the engineering structure, and the other end extends into the stratum. The whole anchor rod is divided into a free section and an anchoring section. The free section is the area that transmits the tension at the anchor rod head to the anchoring body. Its function is to apply pre-stress to the anchor rod.

[0003] When the rock stratum is not stable enough, the two ends of the anchor rod will exert axial and respective direction extrusion on the anchor rod. However, if the two ends of the anchor rod are fixed, the forces in each direction may directly break the anchor rod, causing risks. In view of this situation, a yielding anchor rod has been developed. When the force exerted by the rock stratum is greater than the design load, the free end produces a controllable large plastic deformation or structural displacement, releasing the load on the anchor rod and avoiding the anchor rod from being broken. In order to better ensure safety, in addition to the optimization of the structure of the yielding anchor rod, the intelligentization and visual monitoring of the yielding anchor rod have become a hot research and development direction.

[0004] The invention patent with the application number CN202110512356.3 discloses a broken coal roadway reinforced anchoring type yielding grouting anchor rod anchoring device and its use method. In this scheme, when the coal rock mass deforms, the elastic yielding component and the plastic yielding component work in coordination, have good large deformation yielding work efficiency, and effectively prevent the anchor rod from being overloaded and broken. However, in the actual anchoring environment or the environment where the rock stratum is not too firm, the yielding anchor rod will not only be subjected to axial tension, but also radial shear force under the joint action, which may also cause the anchor rod to fail. At the same time, the yielding anchor rod is usually suitable for terrain where the rock stratum is relatively loose. If the rock stratum moves too much, it is easy to cause the anchor rod to break and even cause geological disasters. However, the existing yielding anchor rod is far from intelligent enough, and it is not convenient to monitor the actual operation of the yielding anchor rod.

[0005] The application number CN202011553506.7 discloses a telescopic automatic pressure relief type anchor rod, the top end of the anchor rod body is sequentially provided with a fixed nut, an upper pad plate, a pressure sensor, an annular thin gasket, a signal transmitter and a lower pad plate from top to bottom, the top end of the anchor rod body is exposed outside the surrounding rock body, a rubber gasket and a thin iron sheet should be placed between the fixed nut and the upper pad plate, the pressure gradually increases when the anchor rod is installed to the pressure relief process, at this time, the detection value of the pressure sensor gradually increases, when the pressure relief or pressure relief is actually performed, the pressure fluctuation is small due to the constant resistance pressure relief, and it is difficult to monitor the pressure relief stroke.

[0006] The application number CN202210245487.4 discloses an intelligent pressure relief anchor rod and an application method, which comprises a fixed disc, a nut, a movable rod, a fixed pipe, a pressure sensor, a sliding resistance and a stabilized power supply, the pressure sensor can monitor the pressure of the surrounding rock deformation in real time, the sliding resistance can monitor the deformation stroke of the surrounding rock in real time, and the data is transmitted through a wireless mobile network, and relevant personnel at a remote end can understand various data of the scene in real time through a smart phone or a PC machine; but in the structure, the pressure sensor and the sliding resistance must be installed in the fixed pipe, but in order to strengthen the bearing capacity and play the protection role of the anchor rod, grouting is usually needed for the existing pressure relief anchor rod, but in the structure, grouting will undoubtedly cause impact and influence on the pressure sensor and the sliding resistance, and the monitoring effect is influenced. SUMMARY

[0007] I. Technical problems solved

[0008] The present application provides a split type intelligent monitoring pressure relief anchor rod, which can maintain the connection strength and stability when responding to multi-angle force impact, and can stably realize constant resistance pressure relief, by the split type design of the anchor rod and the improvement of the pressure relief structure, and by the specific and embedded setting of the pressure sensor in the unique position of the end of the split type pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief stroke whether exceeding the pressure relief stroke prone to danger can be stably and reliably identified.

[0009] II. Specific technical solutions

[0010] The utility model provides a split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod, including anchor rod body, fastening end and yielding mechanism, the anchor rod body includes inner anchoring rod body and outer anchoring rod body, the fastening end sets up in one side of outer anchoring rod body, the other side of outer anchoring rod body is provided with connecting sleeve, the yielding mechanism includes installation cylinder and yielding nut, the connecting sleeve is fixedly arranged in the inside of installation cylinder, the yielding nut is sleeved in the one side of inner anchoring rod body close to connecting sleeve, and the outside of yielding nut is in abutment with the inner wall of installation cylinder, pressure sensing unit is arranged in the installation cylinder, and the pressure sensing unit is located in the side away from the side where connecting sleeve is located, and the pressure sensing unit outputs pressure value and warning signal when being pressed and extruded in the corresponding position of yielding nut and connecting sleeve.

[0011] The basic principle in the scheme is that: by dividing the anchor rod into inner anchoring rod body and outer anchoring rod body, and setting a yielding mechanism between the two, when the deformation of the rock mass against the anchor rod exceeds the set value, the friction between the yielding nut and the inner wall of the installation cylinder is overcome, and the inner and outer rod bodies slide relative to each other, thereby releasing the overload energy, wherein the split design allows the inner and outer anchoring rod bodies to respond independently to loads in different directions, avoiding anchor rod breakage caused by stress concentration; the pressure sensing unit is built-in in the installation cylinder of the yielding mechanism and located away from the side where the connecting sleeve is located, when the yielding behavior occurs, the inner anchoring rod body drives the yielding nut to move towards the inside of the installation cylinder, and finally directly extrudes the pressure sensing unit at the end; the pressure signal value generated directly corresponds to the occurrence and severity of the yielding behavior.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the scheme are: the inner and outer anchoring rod bodies form the basis of the split structure and are the prerequisite for realizing controllable yielding; the combination of the installation cylinder and the yielding nut provides stable and controllable frictional damping force, realizes the constant resistance yielding function, and protects the anchor rod body; the pressure sensing unit is set on the side of the installation cylinder away from the connecting sleeve, which realizes direct, online and real-time monitoring of the yielding behavior itself; the sensor senses is no longer ordinary stress changes, but an explicit signal that the yielding event has been triggered, and the monitoring is accurate, direct and without hysteresis; the sensor is built-in in the solid installation cylinder, avoiding being directly impacted or damaged in complex downhole environments, and has high reliability; more importantly, the yielding anchor rod and the inner wall of the rock hole can be filled with cement slurry or resin, which plays a protective role for the outside of the installation cylinder, further avoiding the impact on the pressure sensing unit, and thus the pressure sensing unit can only be extruded and triggered by the inner yielding nut, and the reliability is much stronger than that of the prior art.

[0013] As preferred, one end of the mounting cylinder is recessed inwards along the axial direction to form a mounting groove, which is located away from the side where the connecting sleeve is located, and the side wall of the mounting cylinder is provided with a wiring hole arranged along the axial direction of the mounting cylinder; the pressure sensing unit is arranged in the mounting groove; and the connecting line of the pressure sensing unit extends out of the fastening end through the wiring hole. The preferred embodiment has the beneficial effect that the mounting groove provides a standard, stable and limited mounting position or space for the pressure sensing unit, which can ensure the accurate force direction and position of the pressure sensing unit and the consistency of the monitoring data, and the wiring hole provides a regular wiring channel to avoid the internal wiring from being tangled or abraded by the internal moving parts, thereby improving the durability and reliability of the system.

[0014] As preferred, the alarm device is further included, which is electrically connected with the pressure sensing unit; and the alarm device sends an alarm signal when it identifies that the detection value of the pressure sensing unit exceeds the set value. The preferred embodiment has the beneficial effect that the alarm device forms an electric circuit with the pressure sensing unit; and when the processing unit, which can be a simple comparison circuit or a complex processor, identifies that the detection value of the sensor exceeds the preset safety threshold, the alarm device is driven to send a sound, light or other signal for alarm, thereby realizing automatic instant warning without manual inspection, greatly improving the safety response speed, gaining valuable time for personnel evacuation and taking measures, and providing a customizable warning threshold, which can be flexibly set according to different geological conditions and safety requirements, thereby being more applicable.

[0015] As preferred, the pressure sensing unit is a ring-shaped pressure sensor; one end of the mounting cylinder extends radially to form an extension, and a sealing cover is fixedly arranged on the extension; and the sealing cover is used to seal the mounting groove. The preferred embodiment has the beneficial effect that the ring-shaped pressure sensor is used, so that its inner hole can be sleeved on the rod body or other structures; and the sealing cover cooperates with the extension of the mounting cylinder to completely seal the mounting groove by using a sealing ring or a threaded seal. The ring-shaped pressure sensor can better adapt to the circular structure of the mounting cylinder, realize 360-degree uniform stress and provide more accurate measurement results; and the sealing cover completely isolates the sensor from the external harsh environment (underground water, dust and humid air), effectively prevents the sensor from being damp, short-circuited or corroded, greatly prolongs the service life of the sensor and ensures the monitoring stability.

[0016] As preferred, the fastening end comprises a fastening nut and a backing plate, the backing plate is arranged between the fastening nut and the connecting sleeve, the side of the backing plate away from the connecting sleeve is raised to form a fastening boss, the fastening boss is matched with the fastening nut, the fastening nut is spherical at one end of the fastening boss; the backing plate is further provided with a pressure relief hole, which is also used for connecting the wire; the preferred beneficial effect is that the spherical nut and the raised backing plate compensate for the angle deviation between the rock surface and the backing plate, avoiding the problem of bending of the anchor rod or insufficient pre-tightening force caused by uneven stress, improving the supporting effect and reliability; the pressure relief hole on the backing plate has a dual function; one is to prevent the accumulation of high-pressure water or debris below the backing plate, which affects the supporting effect, and the other is to serve as a second, more external passage outlet for the sensor connection line, making the line layout more regular and further protecting the line from damage.

[0017] As preferred, the inner wall of the mounting cylinder is further provided with a tapered transition section, which is located on the side close to the connecting sleeve; the outer surface of the pressure relief nut is provided with a tapered matching section, which is located on the side away from the connecting sleeve and matched with the tapered transition section; the preferred beneficial effect is that the tapered transition section of the inner wall of the mounting cylinder and the tapered matching section of the outer surface of the pressure relief nut are tightly wedged with each other to generate and adjust the friction required for pressure relief starting, the load value of pressure relief starting is accurately designed and calibrated by changing the angle and surface roughness of the tapered surface, the product performance consistency is better, the tapered surface matching makes the pressure relief process more stable, no impact, and the sliding experience is more controllable.

[0018] As preferred, the connecting sleeve is threadedly connected with one end of the outer anchoring rod body, the inner wall of the connecting sleeve is raised to form a first limiting part, which is matched with the end of the outer anchoring rod body; the outer side of the connecting sleeve is threadedly connected with the inner side of the mounting cylinder; the pressure relief nut is fixedly connected with one end of the inner anchoring rod body, and the other end of the inner anchoring rod body is used for connecting the anchor head; the end of the pressure relief nut close to the connecting sleeve extends radially to form a second limiting part, which is matched with the end of the inner anchoring rod body; the preferred beneficial effect is that the modular assembly is realized through multiple threaded connections (connecting sleeve and inner and outer rod bodies, and mounting cylinder), making the entire anchor rod easy to assemble, disassemble and maintain, and also easy to replace pressure relief mechanisms or sensor modules of different specifications; the first limiting part and the second limiting part ensure that each component can effectively transmit force when subjected to tension, preventing disconnection, ensuring that the force transmission path is clear and reliable when subjected to a large tension, preventing thread disconnection or component pull-off, and ensuring the structural strength and safety of the product.

[0019] The scheme also provides a monitoring and early warning system of a split type intelligent monitoring yieldable anchor rod, comprising a processing module, a monitoring module, a communication module and an early warning module connected electrically; the monitoring module comprises a pressure sensor and a power supply, and the power supply is used for power supply of the pressure sensor; the communication module is used for data transmission between the processing module, the monitoring module and the early warning module; the processing module comprises a server and a mobile terminal, and is used for setting an early warning value of the pressure sensor and processing pressure data, and can control the early warning module to send an alarm signal according to the pressure data; when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure data exceeds the early warning value, the early warning module directly sends an early warning signal; the early warning module comprises an alarm device, and the alarm device comprises a buzzer and a warning light.

[0020] In the above system, a monitoring system based on an Internet of Things architecture is constructed, realizing a leap from single-point monitoring to systematic management; the monitoring module (a sensor on the anchor rod) collects data, which is transmitted to the processing module (a server / cloud platform / mobile terminal) through the communication module (wired or wireless) for storage, analysis and decision-making, and finally an alarm is issued through the early warning module; the processing module comprising the server and the mobile terminal allows engineers to remotely and real-timely monitor the states of all anchor rods in a large area of a mine, realizes "one map" management, and greatly improves management efficiency; the early warning module directly sends an early warning signal, providing a dual early warning mechanism of local direct triggering and remote command triggering, and having higher reliability; the whole realizes digitization, intelligentization and networking of the state of the anchor rod support, and provides key data support for a smart mine and intelligent construction.

[0021] A monitoring and early warning method of a split type intelligent monitoring yieldable anchor rod, the anchoring monitoring of the split type intelligent monitoring yieldable anchor rod comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1. connecting the yieldable nut with the inner anchoring rod body, and then sleeving the installation cylinder on the assembly of the yieldable nut and the inner anchoring rod body;

[0023] S2. rotating the connecting sleeve into one end of the outer anchoring rod body, and then rotating the outer thread of the connecting sleeve into the installation cylinder;

[0024] S3. then placing the assembled anchor rod body into the pre-formed anchor hole, and fastening through the anchor head on the anchor rod body;

[0025] S4. reversely pulling the anchor rod body, so that the anchor head is clamped and fastened with the pre-formed anchor hole, and then applying a pre-tightening force to the anchor rod body through the fastening nut in the fastening end, and completing anchoring;

[0026] S5. When the rock stratum is active, pressure is applied to the cushion plate, and the pressure on the cushion plate is transmitted to the outer anchoring rod body, when the pressure exceeds the friction or constraint force between the pressure release nut and the mounting cylinder, relative sliding occurs between the outer anchoring rod body and the inner anchoring rod body to release pressure, and pressure release is completed;

[0027] S6. When the relative sliding between the outer anchoring rod body and the inner anchoring rod body reaches a set value, the position where the pressure sensing unit is located is extruded, so that the pressure value monitored by the pressure sensing unit is greater than a preset value, and then the alarm device sends an alarm signal, the alarm signal is directly triggered by the alarm device when the detection value is over limit, or is triggered by the processing module after receiving the data, at this time, it can be judged that the rock mass activity is excessive, and the probability of danger is too large.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the method are that the whole process operation method of the intelligent pressure release anchor rod from assembly, installation, pressure release to intelligent early warning is described, the method provides a standardized and repeatable operation procedure, and ensures that the function of the anchor rod can be correctly realized, and monitoring failure or pressure release failure caused by improper installation is avoided.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0030] 1. The scheme realizes the leap of anchor rod support from passive pressure bearing to active intelligent early warning, directly monitors the pressure release event, and the early warning is accurate and reliable, the pressure sensing unit is built-in at the end of the pressure release mechanism, the mechanical extrusion when the pressure release action is triggered is directly sensed, the monitoring signal is strongly associated with the pressure release behavior, which avoids false reports and hysteresis of traditional stress monitoring, can issue an accurate early warning of rock mass instability in the first time, and provides the most critical basis for safety decision; the sensor is sealed and protected in the internal of the solid mounting cylinder, rather than exposed installation; this design can resist harsh working conditions such as underground humidity, dust and impact, greatly improves the reliability and service life of the monitoring system, and meets the harsh requirements of engineering application; single-point sensing is linked with a remote processing platform through a communication module, and constitutes an intelligent monitoring network integrating data acquisition, transmission, analysis and early warning. Realize remote, real-time and visual monitoring of the health status of the support system, greatly improve the safety management efficiency and level.

[0031] 2, The scheme realizes intelligent monitoring, and the mechanical structure design significantly improves the supporting performance and application range of the anchor rod body, wherein the unique friction pair design provides stable and controllable sliding damping force, makes the yielding process smooth and impact-free, can continuously and effectively absorb the surrounding rock deformation energy, greatly reduces the risk of brittle fracture of the anchor rod, and is higher in supporting safety; the split thread connection and limiting structure are adopted, transportation, assembly and on-site debugging are facilitated. The spherical nut cooperates with the raised pad plate to be self-adaptive to uneven rock surface, ensures effective application of the pre-tightening force, and reduces the installation difficulty and dependence on the skills of the operator; the pressure relief hole is used as a wiring channel, and a separate hole is not needed for wiring. The single anchor rod simultaneously undertakes the tasks of supporting and monitoring, realizes the leap in safety level under the premise of not greatly increasing the cost and construction complexity, and has significant comprehensive benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of the split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod of the application.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view schematic diagram of the split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod during installation.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the installation cylinder of the split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the abutment of the connecting sleeve and the yielding nut of the split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a logic schematic diagram of the intelligent monitoring system.

[0037] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Anchor rod body 1, inner anchoring rod body 101, outer anchoring rod body 102, connecting sleeve 103, first limiting part 104, fastening end 2, fastening nut 201, pad plate 202, pressure relief hole 203, yielding mechanism 3, installation cylinder 301, yielding nut 302, installation groove 303, wiring hole 304, plugging cover 305, conical transition section 306, conical matching section 307, second limiting part 308, pressure sensing unit 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The preferred embodiments of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the application can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the protection scope of the application can be more clearly and definitely defined. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the application.

[0040] Embodiments, such as Figures 1-5 are shown.

[0041] Referring to Figure 1 - Figure 5 The embodiment provides a split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod, mainly comprising an anchor rod body 1, a fastening end 2, a yielding mechanism 3, a pressure sensing unit 4 and an alarm device; wherein the anchor rod body 1 comprises an inner anchoring rod body 101 and an outer anchoring rod body 102; specifically, the inner anchoring rod body 101 is usually made of high-strength threaded steel, one end of which is used for installing an anchor head, not shown in the figure, for anchoring in deep stable rock stratum; as Figure 2 the right end of the outer anchoring rod body 102 is fixed with a connecting sleeve 103 through threaded connection. Specifically, the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 103 is protruded to form a first limiting part 104, when the end of the outer anchoring rod body 102 is screwed into the connecting sleeve 103 and abuts against the first limiting part 104, the fastening connection of the two is completed, ensuring effective force transmission.

[0042] In implementation, the yielding mechanism 3 is one of the cores of the present application, which comprises a hollow mounting cylinder 301 and a yielding nut 302; specifically Figure 2 the mounting cylinder 301 is preferably a high-strength alloy steel cylinder, the right end of which is concave in the axial direction, and a circular mounting groove 303 is formed; on the side wall of the mounting cylinder 301, a wiring hole 304 is provided, which extends along the groove bottom of the mounting groove 303 towards the axial direction of the mounting cylinder 301, serving as a wiring channel; the connecting sleeve 103 is fixed with the corresponding internal threads on the inside of the mounting cylinder 301 through the external threads on the outside, so that the outer anchoring rod body 102 is connected with the yielding mechanism 3 as a whole.

[0043] In implementation, the yielding nut 302 is sleeved and fixed on one end of the inner anchoring rod body 101 close to the connecting sleeve 103; the yielding nut 302 and the inner anchoring rod body 101 can be fixed through threaded connection or welding, etc. On one end of the yielding nut 302 close to the connecting sleeve 103, a second limiting part 308 is formed in the radial direction, which abuts against the end of the inner anchoring rod body 101, preventing the yielding nut 302 from loosening from the rod body; in assembly, the inner anchoring rod body 101 with the connected yielding nut 302 is inserted into the mounting cylinder 301 from one end of the mounting cylinder 301 where the mounting groove 303 is provided, so that the outer side wall of the yielding nut 302 and the smooth inner wall of the mounting cylinder 301 form a close friction pair.

[0044] In order to make the process more stable and controllable, a tapered transition section 306 is processed on the inner wall of the installation cylinder 301, which is located near the connecting sleeve 103; correspondingly, a tapered matching section 307 is provided on the outer surface of the pressure release nut 302, which is located away from the connecting sleeve 103; after assembly, the tapered matching section 307 and the tapered transition section 306 are wedge-tight matched with each other, and by adjusting the angle of the tapered surface and the processing precision, the friction threshold required for pressure release start can be accurately controlled.

[0045] In specific implementation, the pressure sensing unit 4 is a key component for realizing intelligent monitoring; in the embodiment, a ring-shaped pressure sensor is preferably adopted, which is a multi-component force sensor and is made in a ring shape and inlaid in the groove bottom of the installation groove 303, so as to measure the radial force of the installation cylinder 301; the pressure sensor can also be a sensor of other shapes, but needs to be arranged around the installation groove 303, so as to better judge the extrusion condition of the position and further complete the installation judgment of the pressure release anchor rod.

[0046] In order to protect the sensing unit well, an annular extension is formed on the end of the installation cylinder 301 extending radially, and a plugging cover 305 is fixed on the extension by screws, so as to completely seal the installation groove 303 and effectively prevent water, dust and other foreign matters from invading, thereby ensuring the long-term reliability of the pressure sensing unit 4 in the harsh environment underground; the connecting line of the pressure sensing unit 4 is led out from the installation groove 303 and passes through the wiring hole 304.

[0047] In specific implementation, the fastening end 2 is arranged outside the pressure release mechanism 3 and is used for applying a pre-tightening force to the rock wall; it includes a pad plate 202 and a fastening nut 201; the pad plate 202 is arranged between the rock wall and the end of the installation cylinder 301; the side of the pad plate 202 away from the connecting sleeve 103, i.e. the side close to the rock wall, is raised to form a spherical fastening boss; the fastening nut 201 is threadedly connected with the exposed end of the inner anchoring rod body 101, and in particular, the end of the fastening nut 201 in contact with the spherical boss of the pad plate 202 is processed into a spherical surface matching the same. Such spherical surface matching design can ensure that the pre-tightening force is uniformly applied to the pad plate 202 and the anchor rod by self-adapting adjustment of the angle even in the case that the rock surface is uneven, thereby avoiding the generation of harmful bending moment. In addition, a pressure relief hole 203 is also provided on the pad plate 202, which is used for releasing the water pressure or debris that may accumulate under the pad plate, and also serves as the final outlet of the connecting line of the pressure sensing unit 4, from which the line is led out and connected to the outside.

[0048] The alarm device is electrically connected with the pressure sensing unit 4 through a connecting line; the alarm device 5 can be internally provided with a simple comparison circuit, which can directly drive the internally provided buzzer and warning light to emit sound and light alarm signals when it is identified that the detection value of the pressure sensing unit 4 exceeds a preset threshold value.

[0049] In a specific implementation, the pressure relief hole 203 is a threaded hole, and the mounting base of the alarm device 5 can be provided as a threaded rod, which can directly install the alarm device on the pad plate 202 through the threaded rod. When a dangerous situation occurs, the corresponding alarm device will sound and light alarm, and the position of the dangerous situation can be determined simply and conveniently through the structure.

[0050] Working principle and assembly process:

[0051] During assembly, the yieldable nut 302 is first screwed on the specified position of the inner anchoring rod body 101 until the second limiting portion 308 of the yieldable nut 302 abuts against the end of the rod body. Then, the mounting cylinder 301 is sleeved on the other end of the inner anchoring rod body 101, and the yieldable nut 302 is located inside the mounting cylinder 301. Subsequently, the connecting sleeve 103 is screwed into one end of the outer anchoring rod body 102 and tightened, and then the externally threaded end of the connecting sleeve 103 is screwed into the mounting cylinder 301, thereby completing the basic assembly of the anchor rod body.

[0052] Then, the pressure sensing unit 4 is placed in the mounting groove 303 of the mounting cylinder 301, and the connecting line of the pressure sensing unit 4 is sequentially passed through the wiring hole 304 and the pressure relief hole 203 on the pad plate 202, and finally the mounting groove 303 is sealed with the sealing cover 305.

[0053] During on-site installation, the assembled anchor rod is inserted into the pre-drilled anchor hole, and deep anchoring is achieved through the anchor head at the front end of the inner anchoring rod body 101; then, the pad plate 202 is sequentially sleeved outside the hole, and the tightening nut 201 is tightened to apply the designed pre-tightening force to the anchor rod.

[0054] Monitoring and pressure relief process:

[0055] When the rock stratum deforms, the surrounding rock presses the pad plate 202, and the force is transmitted to the pressure relief mechanism 3 through the outer anchoring rod body 102; when the force exceeds the maximum static friction force between the yieldable nut 302 and the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 301, especially the conical surface, the pressure relief begins: the outer anchoring rod body 102 drives the mounting cylinder 301 to move outward, while the inner anchoring rod body 101 remains relatively static due to deep anchoring, causing the yieldable nut 302 to slide relatively in the mounting cylinder 301, thereby releasing the pressure and protecting the rod body from being pulled apart.

[0056] With the compression slip, the inner anchoring rod body 101 moves inward relative to the mounting cylinder 301, and the compression nut 302 at the end thereof will eventually press against the pressure sensing unit 4 mounted at the innermost part of the mounting cylinder 301; the pressure value rises rapidly, and when the value exceeds the safety threshold set in the alarm device, the buzzer and warning light immediately issue a strong alarm, prompting the staff that the anchor rod at this place has slipped, and the rock mass has deformed too much, and safety measures need to be taken in time.

[0057] In specific implementation, the present scheme further provides a matching intelligent monitoring and early warning system, which comprises a processing module, a monitoring module, a communication module and an early warning module connected electrically; specifically, the monitoring module comprises a pressure sensor and a power supply, wherein the power supply is used for power supply of the pressure sensor; the communication module is used for data transmission between the processing module, the monitoring module and the early warning module, and the communication module can specifically adopt one of communication modes such as WiFi, Bluetooth and GPRS for data communication; the processing module comprises a server and a mobile terminal, and the mobile terminal can specifically be one of a mobile phone and a tablet computer; the server can set an early warning value of the pressure sensor, process and calculate pressure data, judge whether the real-time change of the pressure data exceeds a normal threshold value, and control the early warning module to issue an alarm signal according to the pressure data; when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure data exceeds the set early warning value, the early warning module compares the pressure value with the set value and directly issues an early warning signal after judgment; the early warning module comprises an alarm device, and the alarm device comprises a buzzer, a warning light and an early warning value comparison circuit, which can adopt an existing comparison circuit and does not need to be described in detail here.

[0058] In implementation, the present scheme further provides a monitoring and early warning method and an assembly and installation method for the split-type intelligent monitoring compression anchor rod, which comprises the following steps:

[0059] S1. connecting the compression nut 302 with the inner anchoring rod body 101, and then sleeving the mounting cylinder 301 on the assembly of the compression nut 302 and the inner anchoring rod body 101;

[0060] S2. screwing the connecting sleeve 103 into one end of the outer anchoring rod body 102, and then screwing the outer thread of the connecting sleeve 103 into the mounting cylinder 301;

[0061] S3. then placing the assembled anchor rod body 1 into a pre-formed anchor hole, and fastening through the anchor head on the anchor rod body 1;

[0062] S4. pulling the anchor rod body 1 in reverse to make the anchor head engage and fasten with the pre-formed anchor hole, and then applying a pre-tightening force to the anchor rod body 1 through the tightening nut 201 in the tightening end 2 to complete anchoring;

[0063] S5. When the rock stratum is active, pressure will be applied to the cushion plate 202, and the pressure on the cushion plate will be transmitted to the outer anchoring rod body 102. When the pressure exceeds the friction or constraint force between the pressure release nut 302 and the mounting cylinder 301, the outer anchoring rod body 102 and the inner anchoring rod body 101 will slide relative to each other to release the pressure, and the pressure release is completed.

[0064] S6. When the relative sliding between the outer anchoring rod body 102 and the inner anchoring rod body 101 reaches a set value, the position where the pressure sensing unit 4 is located will be extruded, so that the pressure value monitored by the pressure sensing unit 4 is greater than the preset value, and then the alarm device 5 sends an alarm signal. The alarm signal is directly triggered by the alarm device when the detection value exceeds the limit, or is triggered by the processing module after receiving the data. At this time, it can be judged that the rock mass activity is excessive, and the risk probability is too large.

[0065] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod, comprising an anchor rod body (1), a fastening end (2) and a yielding mechanism (3); characterized in that: The anchor rod body (1) comprises an inner anchoring rod body (101) and an outer anchoring rod body (102); the fastening end (2) is arranged on one side of the outer anchoring rod body (102), and the other side of the outer anchoring rod body (102) is connected with a connecting sleeve (103) through external threads; the connecting sleeve (103) is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the mounting cylinder (301) through external threads, the pressure relief nut (302) is arranged on the side of the inner anchoring rod body (101) close to the connecting sleeve (103), and the outer side of the pressure relief nut (302) abuts against the inner wall of the mounting cylinder (301); one end of the mounting cylinder (301) is concave in the axial direction to form a mounting groove (303), and the mounting groove (303) is located on the side away from the connecting sleeve (103); the pressure sensing unit (4) is arranged in the mounting groove (303), and the pressure sensing unit (4) outputs a pressure value when being frictionally extruded at the position corresponding to the pressure relief nut (302) and the connecting sleeve (103); the pressure sensing unit (4) is a ring-shaped pressure sensor; one end of the mounting cylinder (301) extends radially to form an extension part, and the sealing cover (305) is fixedly arranged on the extension part; the sealing cover (305) is used for sealing the mounting groove (303).

2. The split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the mounting cylinder (301) is provided with a wiring hole (304), and the wiring hole (304) is arranged in the axial direction of the mounting cylinder (301); the connecting line of the pressure sensing unit (4) passes through the wiring hole (304) and extends out of the fastening end (2).

3. The split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: The alarm device is further arranged, and the alarm device is electrically connected with the pressure sensing unit (4); when it is identified that the detection value of the pressure sensing unit (4) exceeds a set value, the alarm device sends an alarm signal.

4. The split type intelligent monitoring yieldable anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fastening end (2) comprises a fastening nut (201) and a backing plate (202), the backing plate (202) is arranged between the fastening nut (201) and the connecting sleeve (103), the side of the backing plate (202) away from the connecting sleeve (103) is raised to form a fastening boss, the fastening boss is matched with the fastening nut (201), and the end of the fastening nut (201) on the fastening boss is a spherical surface; the backing plate (202) is further provided with a pressure relief hole (203), and the pressure relief hole (203) is also used for wiring of the connecting line.

5. The split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the mounting cylinder (301) is further provided with a tapered transition section (306), and the tapered transition section (306) is located on the side close to the connecting sleeve (103); the outer surface of the pressure relief nut (302) is provided with a tapered matching section (307), the tapered matching section (307) is located on the side away from the connecting sleeve (103), and is matched with the tapered transition section (306).

6. The split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting sleeve (103) is threadedly connected with one end of the outer anchoring rod body (102), a first limiting part (104) is formed on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (103), and the first limiting part (104) is matched with the end of the outer anchoring rod body (102); the outer side of the connecting sleeve (103) is threadedly connected with the inner side of the mounting cylinder (301); the pressure relief nut (302) is fixedly connected with one end of the inner anchoring rod body (101), and the other end of the inner anchoring rod body (101) is used for connecting an anchor head; a second limiting part (308) is formed on the end of the pressure relief nut (302) close to the connecting sleeve (103) and extends in the radial direction, and the second limiting part (308) is matched with the end of the inner anchoring rod body (101).

7. A monitoring and early warning system of a split type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod, characterized in that, The split type intelligent monitoring pressure-relieved anchor rod is used for monitoring anchoring of the split type intelligent monitoring pressure-relieved anchor rod in a rock mass, and comprises a processing module, a monitoring module, a communication module and a warning module which are electrically connected; the monitoring module comprises a pressure sensor and a power supply, the power supply is used for power supply of the pressure sensor unit; the communication module is used for data transmission between the processing module, the monitoring module and the warning module, the processing module comprises a server and a mobile terminal, the processing module is used for setting a warning value of the pressure sensor and processing pressure data, and can control the warning module to send an alarm signal according to the pressure data; when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure data exceeds the warning value, the warning module directly sends a warning signal; the warning module comprises an alarm device, and the alarm device comprises a buzzer and a warning light.

8. A monitoring and early warning method of a split-type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod, used for the anchoring monitoring of the split-type intelligent monitoring yielding anchor rod according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1. connecting the pressure relief nut (302) with the inner anchoring rod body (101), and then sleeving the mounting cylinder (301) on the assembly of the pressure relief nut (302) and the inner anchoring rod body (101); S2. screwing the connecting sleeve (103) into one end of the outer anchoring rod body (102), and then screwing the outer thread of the connecting sleeve (103) into the mounting cylinder (301); S3. then placing the assembled anchor rod body (1) into a pre-formed anchor hole, and fastening through the anchor head on the anchor rod body (1); S4. pulling the anchor rod body (1) in the reverse direction, so that the anchor head is clamped and fastened with the pre-formed anchor hole, and then applying a pre-tightening force to the anchor rod body (1) by screwing the tightening nut (201) in the tightening end (2), to complete anchoring; S5. when the rock stratum is active, pressure is applied to the pad (202), and the pressure on the pad is transmitted to the outer anchoring rod body (102); when the pressure exceeds the friction or constraint force between the pressure relief nut (302) and the mounting cylinder (301), the outer anchoring rod body (102) and the inner anchoring rod body (101) slide relative to each other to release pressure, and pressure relief is completed. S6. When the relative sliding between the outer anchoring rod body (102) and the inner anchoring rod body (101) reaches a set value, the position where the pressure sensing unit (4) is located is extruded, so that the pressure value monitored by the pressure sensing unit (4) is greater than a preset value, and then the alarm device (5) sends an alarm signal. The alarm signal is directly triggered by the alarm device when the detection value is over limit, or is triggered by the processing module after receiving the data. At this time, it can be judged that the rock mass activity is excessive, and the probability of danger occurrence is too large.

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