Closed space environment monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a closed space environment monitoring device and method, and aims to provide the closed space environment monitoring device which can utilize a composite sensor module to integrate a gas sensor and a temperature sensor so as to realize synchronous collection of multiple parameters. The device can move in a closed space such as the inner wall of the storage tank through the magnetic type support and the rotatable magnetic wheel, and environment monitoring of different height positions in the storage tank is achieved. A LoRa wireless transmission technology is utilized, and a transmission module, namely a gateway, is arranged at the top of the tank to upload data to a data processing module. And the data processing module can analyze and early warn the gas concentration and the environment temperature based on a danger factor superposition algorithm, guide the field operation and guarantee the life safety of operators. The problems that in the background technology, gas and temperature monitoring data in a closed space cannot be analyzed in a linkage mode, and the internal environment cannot be monitored at different height positions are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a device and method for monitoring the environment in a confined space. Background Technology

[0002] A confined space is a unique atmospheric environment. During the construction of steel storage tanks, when personnel perform welding and anti-corrosion work in the confined space, harmful gases such as O3, NOx, CO, SO2, H2S, and VOCs are generated. At the same time, the high temperature generated during welding work accelerates the volatilization and accumulation of harmful gases, seriously threatening the life safety of construction workers. Real-time monitoring of gas concentration in confined spaces is crucial to ensuring the life safety and health of workers.

[0003] Currently, gas monitoring and temperature monitoring equipment inside the confined space of steel storage tanks operate independently, and the data cannot be analyzed in conjunction with each other. Furthermore, there is a lack of a hazard threshold early warning mechanism, which fails to meet user needs. In addition, different harmful gases have different densities; gases less dense than air rise while those denser than air sink, necessitating gas monitoring at various heights within the storage tank. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for monitoring the environment of a confined space.

[0005] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a confined space environment monitoring device, comprising:

[0006] The monitoring device housing is located in a confined space. The housing contains a composite sensor module and a storage module. An alarm module and a transmission module are also located on the housing. The composite sensor module includes a gas sensor and a temperature sensor. The storage module is electrically connected to both the gas sensor and the temperature sensor. The alarm module and the storage module are electrically connected. The transmission module is wirelessly connected to the storage module.

[0007] A magnetic bracket attached to the inner wall of a confined space, the magnetic bracket comprising: a support rod, a fixed rod, and a rotatable magnetic wheel, one end of each support rod being connected to the rotatable magnetic wheel, the other end of each support rod being connected to one end of the fixed rod, and the other end of the fixed rod being connected to the housing of the monitoring device;

[0008] The data processing module is located outside the enclosed space and is wirelessly connected to the transmission module.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned device, the gas sensor is provided with an air inlet; and the monitoring device housing is provided with a lifting rod.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for monitoring the environment of a confined space is provided, employing the aforementioned confined space environment monitoring device, the method comprising:

[0011] The data processing module performs noise reduction processing on the temperature information collected by the temperature sensor and the gas concentration information collected by the gas sensor to obtain the noise-reduced temperature information and gas concentration information.

[0012] Calculate the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas in the denoised gas concentration information;

[0013] Calculate the overall hazard level h_total based on the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas and the temperature information t after noise reduction.

[0014] The hazard level is determined based on the overall hazard level h_total.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above method, the denoising process includes: removing outliers and uncontrollable values; using a filtering algorithm for smoothing; and dynamically tracking information fluctuations.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above method, calculating the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas in the denoised gas concentration information includes:

[0017] For each toxic gas, obtain the current concentration c_i and the short-term time-weighted average concentration tw_i, and obtain the lower and upper limits of short-term exposure concentration, low_i and abo_i, according to the preset human tolerance standard for toxic gases;

[0018] If the concentration of a certain toxic gas is greater than the upper limit c_i≥abo_i, then the danger level of the toxic gas dg_i=1.5;

[0019] If the concentration of a certain toxic gas is greater than the lower limit c_i ≥ low_i, then the degree of danger of this toxic gas is dg_i = (c_i ≥ low_i). i -low i ) / (abo i -low i +0.5;

[0020] If the concentration of a certain toxic gas is greater than the average value tw_i, then the degree of danger of that toxic gas is dg_i = (c i -tw_i) / (abo i -low i +0.5;

[0021] If all other conditions are considered safe, then the danger level of this toxic gas is dg_i = 0.

[0022] Furthermore, in the above method, based on the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas and the denoised temperature information t, the overall hazard level h_total is calculated, including:

[0023] According to the formula Calculate the overall risk level h_total;

[0024] Where m represents the number of types of toxic gases being monitored;

[0025] dg_i: represents the single hazard level of the i-th toxic gas;

[0026] h_t: Represents the temperature influence factor.

[0027] Furthermore, in the above method, the temperature influence factor h_t is determined in the following way:

[0028] If the temperature information t after noise reduction is below 28°C, then h_t = 0;

[0029] If the temperature information t after noise reduction is 28° to 35°, then h_t = 0.5;

[0030] If the temperature information t after noise reduction is above 35°, then h_t = 1.

[0031] Furthermore, in the above method, the hazard level is determined based on the overall hazard level h_total, including:

[0032] If h_total: 0~0.5, then the hazard level is safe;

[0033] If h_total: 0.5~1, then the risk level is low.

[0034] If h_total: 1 to 1.5, then the risk level is medium.

[0035] If h_total: 1.5~2, then the risk level is high.

[0036] If h_total: ≥2, then the risk level is extremely high.

[0037] Furthermore, in the above method, after determining the hazard level based on the overall hazard level h_total, it also includes:

[0038] Risk warnings are issued based on hazard levels.

[0039] Furthermore, the above methods, including risk warning based on hazard level, include:

[0040] If the hazard level is safe and low risk, then the risk warning indicates that normal operation is possible;

[0041] If the hazard level is medium risk, the risk warning is to shorten the operation time and strengthen supervision;

[0042] If the danger level is high or above, the risk warning is to prepare for evacuation and take precautions.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a closed space environment monitoring device that can integrate gas sensors (O2, O3, NO) using a composite sensor module. x This device uses sensors for CO, SO2, H2S, VOCs, and temperature to collect multiple parameters simultaneously. A magnetic support and rotatable magnetic wheels allow the device to move within confined spaces, such as the inner wall of a storage tank, enabling environmental monitoring at different heights inside the tank. LoRa wireless transmission technology is used, with a transmission module (gateway) installed on the tank top to upload data to the data processing module. The data processing module uses a hazard factor superposition algorithm to analyze and issue warnings for gas concentrations and ambient temperature, providing guidance for on-site operations and ensuring the safety of personnel. This addresses the problems mentioned in the background technology regarding the inability to link and analyze gas and temperature monitoring data in confined spaces, and the inability to monitor the internal environment at different heights.

[0044] This invention utilizes a composite sensor module to integrate gas sensors (O2, O3, NO). x The system uses sensors for CO, SO2, H2S, VOCs, and temperature to collect multiple parameters simultaneously. A magnetic support and rotatable magnetic wheels allow the device to move along the inner wall of the storage tank, enabling environmental monitoring at different heights within the tank and solving the problem of monitoring environmental conditions at various levels. LoRa wireless transmission technology is used, with a gateway installed on the tank top to upload data. A hazard factor superposition algorithm is employed to analyze and provide early warnings for gas concentrations and ambient temperature, guiding on-site operations and ensuring the safety of personnel. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a closed space environment monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a closed space environment monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a closed space environment monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] In a typical configuration of this application, the terminal, the device of the service network, and the trusted party all include one or more processors (CPUs), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0050] Memory may include non-persistent storage in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0051] Computer-readable media include both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include non-transitory computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0052] like Figure 1 and 3 As shown, the present invention provides a closed space environment monitoring device, comprising:

[0053] The monitoring device housing 5 is installed in a sealed space. The housing 5 contains a composite sensor module and a storage module 11. An alarm module 10 and a transmission module 9 are also installed on the housing. The composite sensor module includes a gas sensor 8 and a temperature sensor 7. The gas sensor has an air inlet 6. The storage module is electrically connected to both the gas sensor and the temperature sensor. The alarm module 10 is electrically connected to the storage module. The transmission module 9 is wirelessly connected to the storage module 11.

[0054] A magnetic bracket attached to the inner wall of a confined space, the magnetic bracket comprising: a support rod 2, a fixed rod 3, and a rotatable magnetic wheel 1, one end of each support rod 2 being connected to the rotatable magnetic wheel 1, the other end of each support rod being connected to one end of the fixed rod, and the other end of the fixed rod being connected to the housing of the monitoring device;

[0055] The data processing module 12 is located outside the enclosed space and is wirelessly connected to the transmission module 9.

[0056] Here, the enclosed space can be inside a storage tank, and the magnetic bracket can be attached to the inner wall of the storage tank. The magnetic bracket consists of a rotatable magnetic wheel, a support rod, and a fixing rod, with the monitoring device housing of the present invention fixed to the fixing rod.

[0057] Preferably, the monitoring device housing is provided with a lifting rod, and the lifting rod 4 is fixed to the monitoring device housing 5 to make it more convenient to carry.

[0058] The monitoring device housing contains a composite sensor module consisting of a gas sensor and a temperature sensor. A storage module is electrically connected to the composite sensor module on the monitoring device body, and an alarm module is electrically connected to the storage module. The storage module and the transmission module are wirelessly connected via LoRa. The transmission module is wirelessly connected to a data processing module located outside the enclosed space via 5G. The data processing module uses a hazard factor superposition algorithm to synchronously analyze multiple data points, perform early warning and alarm processing, feed back to the site, and provide a visual display.

[0059] The air inlet 6 is fixed to the surface of the gas sensor 8 and forms a composite sensor module with the temperature sensor 7. The composite sensor module is electrically connected to the storage module 11; the storage module 11 is electrically connected to the alarm module 10, and the alarm module 10 will sound an alarm when the collected gas concentration or ambient temperature exceeds the threshold; the storage module 11 is wirelessly connected to the transmission module 9 via LoRa; the transmission module 9 is wirelessly connected to the data processing module 12 via 5G technology.

[0060] The purpose of this invention is to provide a closed-space environment monitoring device that can integrate gas sensors (O2, O3, NO) using a composite sensor module. x This device uses sensors for CO, SO2, H2S, VOCs, and temperature to collect multiple parameters simultaneously. A magnetic support and rotatable magnetic wheels allow the device to move within confined spaces, such as the inner wall of a storage tank, enabling environmental monitoring at different heights inside the tank. LoRa wireless transmission technology is used, with a transmission module (gateway) installed on the tank top to upload data to the data processing module. The data processing module uses a hazard factor superposition algorithm to analyze and issue warnings for gas concentrations and ambient temperature, providing guidance for on-site operations and ensuring the safety of personnel. This addresses the problems mentioned in the background technology regarding the inability to link and analyze gas and temperature monitoring data in confined spaces, and the inability to monitor the internal environment at different heights.

[0061] This invention utilizes a composite sensor module to integrate gas sensors (O2, O3, NO). xThe system uses sensors for CO, SO2, H2S, VOCs, and temperature to collect multiple parameters simultaneously. A magnetic support and rotatable magnetic wheels allow the device to move along the inner wall of the storage tank, enabling environmental monitoring at different heights within the tank and solving the problem of monitoring environmental conditions at various levels. LoRa wireless transmission technology is used, with a gateway installed on the tank top to upload data. A hazard factor superposition algorithm is employed to analyze and provide early warnings for gas concentrations and ambient temperature, guiding on-site operations and ensuring the safety of personnel.

[0062] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring the environment of a confined space using the above-mentioned confined space environment monitoring device, the method comprising:

[0063] Step S11, Data Denoising and Preprocessing: The data processing module performs denoising processing on the temperature information collected by the temperature sensor and the gas concentration information collected by the gas sensor to obtain the denoised temperature information and gas concentration information.

[0064] Preferably, the denoising process can remove outliers and uncontrollable values, such as values ​​exceeding the measuring instrument's range or values ​​with extreme short-term fluctuations. The denoising process can employ filtering algorithms for smoothing and dynamically track information fluctuations.

[0065] Step S12: Calculate the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas in the denoised gas concentration information;

[0066] Preferably, step S12 includes:

[0067] For each toxic gas, obtain the current concentration c_i and the short-term time-weighted average concentration tw_i, and obtain the lower and upper limits of short-term exposure concentration, low_i and abo_i, according to the preset human tolerance standard for toxic gases;

[0068] If the concentration of a certain toxic gas is greater than the upper limit c_i≥abo_i, then the danger level of the toxic gas dg_i=1.5;

[0069] If the concentration of a certain toxic gas is greater than the lower limit c_i ≥ low_i, then the degree of danger of this toxic gas is dg_i = (c_i ≥ low_i). i -low i ) / (abo i -low i +0.5;

[0070] If the concentration of a certain toxic gas is greater than the average value tw_i, then the degree of danger of that toxic gas is dg_i = (c i -tw_i) / (abo i -low i +0.5;

[0071] If all other conditions are considered safe, then the danger level of this toxic gas is dg_i = 0.

[0072] Step S13: Calculate the overall hazard level h_total based on the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas and the temperature information t after noise reduction.

[0073] Preferably, considering the impact of temperature information t on the degree of danger, the temperature influence factor h_t is calculated piecewise.

[0074] If the temperature information t after noise reduction is below 28°C, then h_t = 0;

[0075] If the temperature information t after noise reduction is 28° to 35°, then h_t = 0.5;

[0076] If the temperature information t after noise reduction is above 35°, then h_t = 1;

[0077] Overall risk level

[0078] Among them, h_total represents the overall level of danger and is the key indicator used to determine the danger level of a confined space.

[0079] m: Indicates the number of types of toxic gases being monitored, for example, simultaneously monitoring O2, O3, and NO. x When there are multiple gases such as CO, SO2, H2S, and VOCs, m is the number of these gas types.

[0080] dg_i: corresponds to the single hazard level of the i-th toxic gas, used to measure the hazard situation of a single toxic gas;

[0081] h_t: Temperature influence factor, which takes values ​​according to different temperature ranges to reflect the impact of temperature on the degree of danger.

[0082] Step S14: Determine the hazard level based on the overall hazard level h_total;

[0083] Preferably, the hazard level can be classified as follows:

[0084] If h_total: 0~0.5, then the hazard level is safe;

[0085] If h_total: 0.5~1, then the risk level is low.

[0086] If h_total: 1 to 1.5, then the risk level is medium.

[0087] If h_total: 1.5~2, then the risk level is high.

[0088] If h_total: ≥2, then the risk level is extremely high.

[0089] Ideally, risk warnings could be issued based on hazard levels;

[0090] For example, if the hazard level is safe and low risk, then the risk warning is that normal operation is possible;

[0091] If the hazard level is medium risk, the risk warning is to shorten the operation time and strengthen supervision;

[0092] If the danger level is high or above, the risk warning is to prepare for evacuation and take precautions.

[0093] Preferably, when the hazard level reaches medium risk or above, a signal can be issued to remind staff to issue a warning. If a single hazard exceeds 1.5 or the total risk index is greater than 2, it is considered high risk and work cannot continue.

[0094] Specifically, the present invention can be used as follows:

[0095] like Figure 2 As shown, in step S1, when data is collected in the sealed space inside the steel storage tank, the gas concentration and ambient temperature data at different heights inside the sealed space of the steel storage tank can be obtained by moving multiple monitoring device housings and their internal components, and the monitoring results can be verified by the data processing module.

[0096] Step S2: Install a transmission module, i.e. a gateway, on the top of the steel storage tank. Use LoRa wireless transmission to transmit the collected monitoring data to the gateway, and then use 5G technology to upload the collected data to the data processing module of the back-end server.

[0097] Step S3: Set the concentration threshold and temperature threshold for various gases. When the concentration and temperature thresholds are exceeded, the alarm function of the monitoring device described in this invention is triggered. The algorithm is used to analyze in real time and issue early warnings for areas where the concentration of harmful gases continues to rise, the oxygen content continues to fall, and the temperature continues to rise.

[0098] Step S4: Feed back the alarms or warnings analyzed by the backend server to the construction site and make relevant responses. Visualize the data processed by the backend server so that managers can remotely monitor the site.

[0099] The specific construction process of the construction method of the present invention can be as follows:

[0100] STEP 1: After connecting the monitoring device housing and its internal components to the magnetic bracket, place it on the inner wall of the storage tank.

[0101] STEP2: The monitoring device housing and its internal components move on the wall panel, and the gas sensor collects gas concentration information through the air inlet.

[0102] STEP3: The gas sensor and temperature sensor transmit the monitored data to the storage module in the form of signals;

[0103] STEP4: When the gas concentration or ambient temperature collected by the storage module exceeds the set threshold, the alarm command will be transmitted to the alarm module in the form of a signal to trigger an alarm.

[0104] STEP 5: The storage module transmits the collected data to the gateway (transmission module) on the top of the steel storage tank via LoRa wireless transmission.

[0105] STEP6: The transmission module transmits the monitoring data to the back-end server, i.e., the data processing module, via 5G wireless transmission.

[0106] STEP7: The data processing module uses algorithms to analyze the collected monitoring data in real time and issue early warnings for areas with rising concentrations of harmful gases, declining oxygen content, and rising temperatures.

[0107] STEP8: Feedback the alarm or warning to the construction site and visualize the processed data.

[0108] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

[0109] It should be noted that the present invention can be implemented in software and / or a combination of software and hardware, for example, using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a general-purpose computer, or any other similar hardware device. In one embodiment, the software program of the present invention can be executed by a processor to implement the steps or functions described above. Similarly, the software program of the present invention (including associated data structures) can be stored in a computer-readable recording medium, such as RAM memory, a magnetic or optical drive, a floppy disk, or similar devices. Furthermore, some steps or functions of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, for example, as circuitry that works with a processor to perform the various steps or functions.

[0110] Furthermore, a portion of this invention can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to the invention through the operation of the computer. The program instructions invoking the methods of the invention may be stored in a fixed or removable recording medium, and / or transmitted via a data stream in a broadcast or other signal-carrying medium, and / or stored in the working memory of a computer device operating according to the program instructions. Here, an embodiment of the invention includes an apparatus comprising a memory for storing computer program instructions and a processor for executing the program instructions, wherein, when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, the apparatus is triggered to operate the methods and / or technical solutions based on the foregoing embodiments of the invention.

[0111] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. Furthermore, it is clear that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Multiple units or devices recited in the apparatus claims may also be implemented by a single unit or device in software or hardware. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used to indicate names and do not indicate any particular order.

Claims

1. A closed-space environment monitoring device, characterized in that, include: The monitoring device housing is located in a closed space, and the monitoring device housing contains a composite sensor module and a storage module. An alarm module and a transmission module are installed on the housing of the monitoring device. The composite sensor module includes a gas sensor and a temperature sensor. The storage module is electrically connected to the gas sensor and the temperature sensor respectively. The alarm module and the storage module are electrically connected. The transmission module is wirelessly connected to the storage module. A magnetic bracket attached to the inner wall of a confined space, the magnetic bracket comprising: a support rod, a fixed rod, and a rotatable magnetic wheel, one end of each support rod being connected to the rotatable magnetic wheel, the other end of each support rod being connected to one end of the fixed rod, and the other end of the fixed rod being connected to the housing of the monitoring device; The data processing module is located outside the enclosed space and is wirelessly connected to the transmission module.

2. The closed space environment monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gas sensor is provided with an air inlet; the monitoring device housing is provided with a lifting rod.

3. A method for monitoring the environment of a confined space, characterized in that, The method using the enclosed space environment monitoring device as described in claim 1 or 2 includes: The data processing module performs noise reduction processing on the temperature information collected by the temperature sensor and the gas concentration information collected by the gas sensor to obtain the noise-reduced temperature information and gas concentration information. Calculate the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas in the denoised gas concentration information; Calculate the overall hazard level h_total based on the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas and the temperature information t after noise reduction. The hazard level is determined based on the overall hazard level h_total.

4. The method for monitoring the environment of a confined space as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The denoising process includes: removing outliers and uncontrollable values; using filtering algorithms for smoothing; and dynamically tracking information fluctuations.

5. The method for monitoring the environment of a confined space as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Calculate the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas in the denoised gas concentration information, including: For each toxic gas, obtain the current concentration c_i and the short-term time-weighted average concentration tw_i, and obtain the lower and upper limits of short-term exposure concentration, low_i and abo_i, according to the preset human tolerance standard for toxic gases; If the concentration of a certain toxic gas is greater than the upper limit c_i≥abo_i, then the danger level of the toxic gas dg_i=1.5; If the concentration of a certain toxic gas is greater than the lower limit c_i ≥ low_i, then the degree of danger of this toxic gas is dg_i = (c_i ≥ low_i). i -low i ) / (abo i -low i +0.5; If the concentration of a certain toxic gas is greater than the average value tw_i, then the degree of danger of that toxic gas is dg_i = (c i -tw_i) / (abo i -low i +0.5; If all other conditions are considered safe, then the danger level of this toxic gas is dg_i = 0.

6. The method for monitoring the environment of a confined space as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the hazard level dg_i of each toxic gas and the denoised temperature information t, the overall hazard level h_total is calculated, including: According to the formula Calculate the overall risk level h_total; Where m represents the number of types of toxic gases being monitored; dg_i: represents the single hazard level of the i-th toxic gas; h_t: Represents the temperature influence factor.

7. The method for monitoring the environment of a confined space as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature influence factor h_t is determined as follows: If the temperature information t after noise reduction is below 28°C, then h_t = 0; If the temperature information t after noise reduction is 28° to 35°, then h_t = 0.5; If the temperature information t after noise reduction is above 35°, then h_t = 1.

8. The method for monitoring the environment of a confined space as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the overall risk level h_total, the risk level is determined, including: If h_total: 0~0.5, then the hazard level is safe; If h_total: 0.5~1, then the risk level is low. If h_total: 1 to 1.5, then the risk level is medium. If h_total: 1.5~2, then the risk level is high. If h_total: ≥2, then the risk level is extremely high.

9. The method for monitoring the environment of a confined space as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After determining the hazard level based on the overall hazard level h_total, the following steps are also included: Risk warnings are issued based on hazard levels.

10. The method for monitoring the environment of a confined space as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Risk warnings are issued based on hazard levels, including: If the hazard level is safe and low risk, then the risk warning indicates that normal operation is possible; If the hazard level is medium risk, the risk warning is to shorten the operation time and strengthen supervision; If the danger level is high or above, the risk warning is to prepare for evacuation and take precautions.

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