Low-temperature energy storage experimental platform and experimental method in multi-working-condition operation mode

Abstract

The invention relates to a low-temperature energy storage experiment platform and experiment method in a multi-working-condition operation mode, belongs to the technical field of low-temperature energy storage, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, cold source parameters are single and fixed, a low-temperature gas energy storage experiment cannot be carried out, energy storage medium configuration is rigid, the system integration degree is low, and a safety linkage mechanism is lacked. According to the scheme, the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment platform comprises a temperature adjusting mode and an experiment mode, is composed of a multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generation unit and an energy storage experiment unit, is provided with a safety, heat preservation and control assembly, and supports related experiments. Limitation of an existing platform is solved, multi-parameter low-temperature gas can be generated, an energy storage medium can be flexibly adjusted, the accuracy of a cold source is guaranteed through double modes, safe heat preservation and automatic control are matched, the experiment precision and efficiency are improved, and an adaptive platform is provided for liquid air and other multi-scene low-temperature energy storage research.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a low-temperature energy storage experimental platform and experimental method under multi-working condition operation mode, and belongs to the technical field of low-temperature energy storage. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, low-temperature energy storage technology has been widely studied in low-temperature scenarios such as liquid air energy storage and natural gas cold energy storage due to its cleanliness and high efficiency, and has become the focus of engineering application and basic disciplines. This kind of technology realizes energy allocation through the cold storage and release of low-temperature medium, and shows great potential in new energy consumption, industrial waste heat recovery, cold chain logistics and other fields. Therefore, exploring the influence of energy storage medium physical parameters, geometric size and arrangement mode on energy storage performance has become a key direction to promote technological breakthrough.

[0003] However, the current low-temperature energy storage field lacks mature experimental platform support for such research, and existing technologies have many significant limitations. First, the cold source supply is single and the parameters are fixed. Most studies use liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen and other low-temperature liquid fluids as cold sources, which can only provide a single temperature and the flow and pressure cannot be flexibly controlled, making it difficult to simulate the energy storage process under different low-temperature scenarios, resulting in insufficient universality of experimental conclusions. Second, it cannot meet the experimental needs of low-temperature gas energy storage. Existing research focuses on liquid media, but the energy storage scenarios of low-temperature gas are also important in actual applications, but due to the lack of equipment for stable generation and control of low-temperature gas parameters, related mechanism research has lagged behind. Third, the research means of energy storage medium is limited. The type, size and arrangement of the energy storage medium in the existing device are fixed, and the influence of complex structures such as gradient distribution and layered arrangement on energy storage cannot be simulated, and there is a lack of systematic parameter recording and analysis tools, making it difficult to quantify the influence of medium characteristics on energy storage efficiency. In addition, the experimental system has low integration, and the cold source supply, parameter control and data acquisition modules are scattered, relying on manual operation, with low precision and poor stability, and lacking safety interlocking devices, which poses a safety hazard in low-temperature and high-pressure environments, and cannot realize automated processes, resulting in low experimental efficiency. These problems jointly restrict the in-depth research and application expansion of low-temperature energy storage technology, and an experimental platform covering multiple working conditions and supporting multiple parameter control is urgently needed to break through the bottleneck. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application proposes a low-temperature energy storage experimental platform and experimental method under multi-working condition operation mode, by constructing an experimental system composed of a multi-working condition low-temperature gas generation unit and a multi-working condition low-temperature energy storage experimental unit, and combining the coordinated operation of temperature regulation mode and experimental mode, to realize multi-parameter accurate control and diversified experimental exploration of low-temperature energy storage process, in order to solve the problems of single and fixed cold source parameters, inability to carry out low-temperature gas energy storage experiments, rigid energy storage medium configuration, low system integration and lack of safety interlocking mechanism in existing technologies.

[0005] The application discloses a low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under a multi-condition operation mode, and relates to the technical field of low-temperature energy storage. The low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under the multi-condition operation mode comprises a multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit and a multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experimental unit, wherein the gas output end of the multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit is communicated with the gas input end of the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experimental unit through a first pipeline. The multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit is used for generating and outputting low-temperature gas with different temperature, pressure and flow parameters.

[0006] Further, the multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit comprises: The low-temperature liquid storage tank is used for storing low-temperature liquid a, and the low-temperature liquid a includes but is not limited to liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon or liquefied carbon dioxide. The input end of the vaporizer is communicated with the first output end of the low-temperature liquid storage tank through a second pipeline, and the vaporizer is used for vaporizing the low-temperature liquid a into normal-temperature gas b and outputting the normal-temperature gas b to a low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank. The low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank is used for mixing and heat exchanging the low-temperature liquid a and the normal-temperature gas b to generate low-temperature gas with preset parameters, the first input end of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank is communicated with the second output end of the low-temperature liquid storage tank through a third pipeline, the second input end is communicated with the output end of the vaporizer through a fourth pipeline, the output end of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank is communicated with one end of the first pipeline as the gas output end of the multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit, and the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank is internally filled with heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium includes but is not limited to alloy blocks, metal blocks and stone blocks. The alloy blocks are made of materials including but not limited to iron-chromium alloy, iron-nickel alloy, copper-nickel alloy, stainless steel and aluminum alloy.

[0007] Further, the second pipeline is provided with a first quick cut valve and a first regulating valve. The first quick cut valve is used for keeping a normally open state in the temperature adjusting mode and the experimental mode, and is quickly closed to cut off the second pipeline when an emergency occurs. The first regulating valve is used for realizing 0%-100% regulating of the opening and closing degree to control the flow of the low-temperature liquid a transmitted from the low-temperature liquid storage tank to the vaporizer through the second pipeline. The third pipeline is provided with a second quick cut valve and a second regulating valve. The second quick cut valve is used for keeping a normally open state in the temperature adjusting mode and the experimental mode, and is quickly closed to cut off the third pipeline when an emergency occurs. A second regulating valve is used to realize 0%~100% regulating to control the flow of low-temperature liquid a from the low-temperature liquid tank to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank via the third pipeline.

[0008] Further, the multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generating unit further comprises a first emptying pipeline and a temperature-adjusting gas emptying pipeline, one end of the first emptying pipeline is in communication with an emergency exhaust port at the top of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank, the other end is in communication with the atmosphere, and a third quick cut valve is arranged on the first emptying pipeline, the third quick cut valve is used to keep a constant closed state in the temperature-adjusting mode and the experimental mode, and quickly open the valve when an emergency occurs to keep the first emptying pipeline passable, and the first emptying pipeline rapidly transmits the low-temperature gas c to the atmosphere, The low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank is provided with a temperature-adjusting gas outlet at the bottom, and the temperature-adjusting gas outlet is in communication with the atmosphere via the temperature-adjusting gas emptying pipeline; the second switch valve is arranged on the temperature-adjusting gas emptying pipeline, and is used to keep a constant open state in the temperature-adjusting mode and a constant closed state in the experimental mode; The temperature-adjusting gas d is a gas generated in the temperature-adjusting mode and having a temperature higher than the user's experimental requirement.

[0009] Further, the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experimental unit comprises a multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank with an adjustable internal height, the internal part of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank is filled with at least one energy storage medium, the physical property parameters, geometric dimensions and arrangement mode of the energy storage medium are adjusted by replacing the energy storage medium or rearranging the energy storage medium, the physical property parameters include a thermal conductivity and a porosity, the geometric dimensions include a particle diameter, and the energy storage medium includes a large-diameter energy storage medium and a small-diameter energy storage medium; the internal part of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank is further provided with at least one replaceable layered wire mesh, which is used to separate the energy storage medium in different regions in an axial or radial direction according to an experimental requirement, and the material of the wire mesh includes but is not limited to a steel wire mesh, an iron wire mesh or an aluminum alloy wire mesh. The multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experimental unit further comprises a temperature acquisition system, which is used to acquire the temperatures of a plurality of energy storage medium intervals separated by the layered wire mesh in the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank.

[0010] Further, the external part of the first tank wall of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank is wrapped with a first heat preservation layer, and the external part of the second tank wall of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank is wrapped with a second heat preservation layer; the materials of the first heat preservation layer and the second heat preservation layer include magnesium silicate rock wool and polyisocyanurate.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage experimental unit also includes a second vent pipe. One end of the second vent pipe is connected to the exhaust port on the top of the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage tank, and the other end is connected to the atmosphere. The second vent pipe is equipped with a regulating pressure valve, which is used to adjust the pressure difference between the front and rear ends of the regulating pressure valve to maintain the internal pressure of the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage tank to meet the experimental pressure requirements. At the same time, the heated experimental gas is transmitted to the atmosphere through the exhaust port via the second vent pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, a first switching valve is provided on the first pipeline. The first switching valve remains open in the experimental mode to control the flow of cryogenic gas into the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage experimental unit.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the multi-condition cryogenic gas generating unit and the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage experimental unit, respectively, and is used to monitor and adjust the temperature, pressure, flow rate parameters of the cryogenic gas and the temperature changes during the experiment.

[0014] A method for cryogenic energy storage under multiple operating conditions, based on the aforementioned cryogenic energy storage experimental platform under multiple operating conditions, includes a temperature control mode and an experimental mode. In temperature control mode, the first switching valve is closed, the second switching valve is opened, and the opening degree of the first and second regulating valves is controlled to maintain the temperature inside the cryogenic storage tank at [temperature value missing]. T a cryogenic liquid a The mass flow rate is transmitted to the vaporizer via the second pipe, where it is vaporized and heated to a temperature close to the ambient temperature. T b Gas b at room temperature; simultaneously stored in a cryogenic storage tank at a temperature of T a cryogenic liquid a The mass flow rate is transmitted to the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank via the third pipeline, and the mass flow rate from the vaporizer outlet, transmitted to the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank via the fourth pipeline, is... Temperature is T b A room-temperature gas b is mixed with the gas, and the two undergo a heat exchange process with the heat exchange medium in a low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank; the heat exchange process includes a mass flow rate of... Temperature is T b The room-temperature gas b is cooled to generate a temperature of T c The experimental gas c has a mass flow rate of Temperature is T a The low-temperature liquid a is heated and vaporized to form a product with a temperature of T cExperimental gas c, the heat exchange medium in the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing vessel is continuously cooled; the mass flow rate should meet the calculation formula:

[0015] in, The latent heat of vaporization of the cryogenic liquid; before the heat exchange medium in the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank is cooled to the same temperature as the cryogenic experimental gas c, the temperature-regulating gas d is discharged to the atmosphere through the temperature-regulating gas outlet at the bottom of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank and the temperature-regulating gas exhaust pipe. The specific temperature control logic is divided into temperature control process and flow control process; The temperature control process involves adjusting the gas temperature at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank. T d To meet the user's experimental temperature requirements T c ; Specifically, when adjusting the temperature of the gas T d When the experimental requirements exceed the user's needs, while keeping the opening of the first switching valve constant, increase the opening of the second regulating valve to maintain the temperature of the liquid stored in the cryogenic storage tank at [temperature value missing]. T a The mass flow rate of cryogenic liquid a transferred to the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank via the third pipeline Increase the temperature d of the temperature-regulating gas at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank. T d To meet the user's experimental needs; when adjusting the gas temperature T d When the temperature is lower than the user's experimental requirements, while keeping the opening of the second regulating valve constant, increase the opening of the first switching valve to bring the temperature in the cryogenic storage tank to [temperature value missing]. T a The mass flow rate of cryogenic liquid a transmitted to the vaporizer via the second pipe Increase the temperature d of the temperature-regulating gas at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank. T d Elevating to the level of user experimental needs; The flow regulation process involves adjusting the gas flow rate at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank. To meet the user's experimental traffic requirements ; Specifically, when adjusting the mass flow rate of the gas When the experimental requirements exceed the user's needs, simultaneously reduce the opening of the first and second regulating valves to maintain the temperature of the liquid stored in the cryogenic storage tank at [temperature value missing]. T a The mass flow rate of cryogenic liquid a transferred to the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank via the third pipeline and the mass flow rate transmitted to the vaporizer via the second pipeline decrease, the flow of the regulating gas at the outlet of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank decrease and meet the experimental flow requirements of the user; when the mass flow of the regulating gas is lower than the experimental requirements of the user, simultaneously increase the opening degrees of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve, so that the mass flow of the low-temperature liquid a stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank T a transmitted to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank through the third pipeline and the mass flow transmitted to the vaporizer through the second pipeline increase, the flow of the regulating gas at the outlet of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank increase and meet the experimental flow requirements of the user; When the heat exchange medium in the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank is cooled to the same temperature as the low-temperature experimental gas c and the temperature-regulated gas d leaving the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank meets the experimental requirements of the user, the system is adjusted to the experimental mode. In the experimental mode, the first on-off valve is opened, the second on-off valve is closed, and the opening degrees of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve are controlled, so that the low-temperature gas c with a mass flow of and a temperature of T c is transmitted to the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank through the low-temperature gas outlet at the bottom of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank via the experimental gas transmission pipeline. The multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank is additionally provided with radial layered wire meshes at the axial / radial positions that meet the experimental requirements, and is filled with energy storage media with different physical property parameters and geometric sizes at different radial and axial positions, so as to explore the influence of the axial and radial gradient arrangement and arrangement mode of the energy storage media on the energy storage performance. In the experimental process, the low-temperature experimental gas c with a mass flow of and a temperature of T c enters the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank, is cooled by the energy storage media in the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank, and is heated by the energy storage media in the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank and then discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust port at the top of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank via the second emptying pipeline.

[0016] ​The application has the following beneficial effects: the low-temperature energy storage experimental platform and experimental method in a multi-working-condition mode of the application, aiming at the problems of single cold source of the existing low-temperature energy storage experimental platform, lack of low-temperature gas energy storage experimental capacity, limited research means of energy storage medium and low system safety and integration, realizes multi-dimensional technical breakthrough through innovative design: on the one hand, the multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generating unit, with the synergistic effect of the low-temperature storage tank, the vaporizer and the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank, combined with the precise regulation and control of the fast cut valve and the regulating valve, can stably generate and output low-temperature gas with different temperature, pressure and flow parameters, which not only breaks through the limitation of the traditional single liquid cold source, but also fills the equipment gap of low-temperature gas energy storage experiment; on the other hand, the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank can realize flexible configuration of the physical property parameters, geometric size and axial / radial arrangement of the energy storage medium by adjusting the internal effective height and replacing the layered wire mesh, which provides an operable experimental carrier for systematic exploration of the influence of the energy storage medium characteristics on the energy storage performance; at the same time, the temperature adjustment mode first adjusts the cold source parameters to the experimental requirements, and the experimental mode stably carries out the energy storage test, which is a dual-mode design, cooperates with the heat preservation layer of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank and the energy storage tank and the safety interlocking devices such as emergency exhaust and flow interruption, which not only guarantees the operation safety in the low-temperature and high-pressure environment and reduces the cold loss, but also improves the experimental precision and stability; in addition, the overall system integrates the functions of cold source regulation and control, medium configuration and safety protection, simplifies the experimental operation process, significantly improves the experimental efficiency, and finally provides a universal and highly adaptive experimental platform support for the low-temperature energy storage technology research in multiple scenes such as liquid air energy storage and natural gas cold energy storage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a low-temperature energy storage experimental platform in a multi-working-condition mode of the application; Figure 2 is a valve design schematic diagram in a low-temperature energy storage experimental platform in a multi-working-condition mode of the application; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank; Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank.

[0018] Wherein, I is a multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit, II is a multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit, 1 is a low-temperature liquid storage tank, 2 is a vaporizer, 3 is a low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank, 301 is a first heat preservation layer, 302 is a heat exchange medium, 303 is a first tank wall, 4 is a multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank, 401 is a second heat preservation layer, 402 is a second tank wall, 403 is a layered wire mesh, 404 is a large-diameter energy storage medium, 405 is a small-diameter energy storage medium, 406 is a temperature acquisition system, 1-2a is a second pipeline, 1-3a is a third pipeline, 2-3b is a fourth pipeline, 3-4c is a first pipeline, 3-5c is a first emptying pipeline, 3-5d is a temperature-adjusted gas emptying pipeline, and 4-5b is a second emptying pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] Embodiment one: refer to Figure 1 as shown, A low-temperature energy storage experiment platform under a multi-condition operation mode, the low-temperature energy storage experiment platform under the multi-condition operation mode has a temperature adjustment mode and an experiment mode, and the experiment platform comprises: a multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I and a multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II, a gas output end of the multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I is in communication with a gas input end of the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II through a first pipeline 3-4c, wherein, The multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I is used for generating and outputting low-temperature gas with different temperature, pressure and flow parameters. The multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II is used for accommodating at least one energy storage medium 404 / 405 and receiving low-temperature gas from the multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I to perform a low-temperature energy storage experiment, and an internal configuration thereof is adapted to different experimental conditions.

[0021] Specifically, the multi-condition operation mode low-temperature energy storage experiment platform of the application has temperature adjustment mode and experiment mode, and the core includes a multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I and a multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II, and the communication between the gas output end of the multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I and the gas input end of the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II is realized through the first pipeline 3-4c, which can effectively break through the limitations of the single cold source and insufficient experimental scene adaptability of the existing low-temperature energy storage experiment platform. The multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I can generate and output low-temperature gas with different temperature, pressure and flow parameters, without relying on traditional single-temperature liquid cold source, and can provide diversified cold source conditions for low-temperature energy storage experiments to meet the differentiated needs of cold source parameters in different low-temperature scenes (such as liquid air energy storage and natural gas cold energy storage related experiments); the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II can accommodate at least one energy storage medium 404 / 405 to receive low-temperature gas from the multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I to carry out low-temperature energy storage experiments, and because it is internally configured to adapt to different experimental conditions, it can adjust the related settings of the energy storage medium 404 / 405 according to the experimental requirements, providing a basic experimental carrier for exploring the influence of energy storage medium characteristics on energy storage performance. At the same time, the first pipeline 3-4c can ensure the stable transmission of low-temperature gas from the multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I to the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II, ensuring the continuity of cold source supply during the experiment, and cooperating with the pre-adjustment of low-temperature gas parameters in the temperature adjustment mode and the stable development of energy storage experiments in the experiment mode, further improving the reliability and accuracy of the experimental process, and providing a structurally reasonable and functionally adaptive experimental platform support for related research of low-temperature energy storage technology.

[0022] Further, the multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I comprises: A low-temperature liquid tank 1 for storing a low-temperature liquid a, wherein the low-temperature liquid a includes but is not limited to liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon or liquefied carbon dioxide; A vaporizer 2, the input end of the vaporizer 2 is communicated with the first output end of the low-temperature liquid tank 1 through the second pipeline 1-2a, for vaporizing the low-temperature liquid a into a normal-temperature gas b and outputting to a low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3; The low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is used for mixing and heat exchange of the low-temperature liquid a and the normal-temperature gas b to generate the low-temperature gas with preset parameters. The first input end of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is communicated with the second output end of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 through the third pipeline 1-3a. The second input end is communicated with the output end of the vaporizer 2 through the fourth pipeline 2-3b. The output end of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is communicated with one end of the first pipeline 3-4c as the gas output end of the multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generating unit I. The low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is filled with heat exchange medium 302, which includes but is not limited to alloy blocks, metal blocks and stone blocks. The material of the alloy blocks includes but is not limited to iron-chromium alloy, iron-nickel alloy, copper-nickel alloy, stainless steel and aluminum alloy. The material of the metal blocks includes but is not limited to iron, copper and aluminum. The material of the stone blocks includes but is not limited to granite, limestone, dolomite and marble.

[0023] Specifically, in the embodiment, the multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generating unit I includes the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1, the vaporizer 2 and the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3. The low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 can store low-temperature liquid a such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon or liquefied carbon dioxide to provide a stable cold source basis for the whole unit without relying on the traditional single and fixed-parameter cold source. The input end of the vaporizer 2 is communicated with the first output end of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 through the second pipeline 1-2a, which can vaporize the low-temperature liquid a into normal-temperature gas b close to the ambient temperature and output to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 to provide a source of normal-temperature gas for subsequent mixing and heat exchange. The first input end of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is communicated with the second output end of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 through the third pipeline 1-3a, and the second input end is communicated with the output end of the vaporizer 2 through the fourth pipeline 2-3b, which can realize the mixing and heat exchange of the low-temperature liquid a and the normal-temperature gas b, and further generate low-temperature gas with preset parameters. The low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is filled with heat exchange medium 302 such as alloy blocks (iron-chromium alloy, iron-nickel alloy, copper-nickel alloy, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.), metal blocks (iron, copper, aluminum, etc.) or stone blocks (granite, limestone, dolomite, marble, etc.), which can assist in strengthening the heat exchange effect and ensuring the stability of the temperature, pressure and other parameters of the low-temperature gas. At the same time, the output end of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is communicated with one end of the first pipeline 3-4c as the gas output end of the multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generating unit I, which can stably transmit the generated low-temperature gas to the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II. The overall structure not only solves the problem that the existing technology cannot stably generate multi-parameter low-temperature gas, but also provides cold source conditions suitable for different experimental needs for subsequent low-temperature energy storage experiments, ensuring the diversity and stability of cold source supply in the experimental process.

[0024] Further, the first quick cut valve XV001 and the first regulating valve HV001 are arranged on the second pipeline 1-2a. The first quick cut valve XV001 is kept open in both the temperature adjustment mode and the experiment mode, and when an emergency occurs, the first quick cut valve XV001 is quickly closed to cut off the second pipeline 1-2a. The first regulating valve HV001 is used to realize 0%-100% adjustment of the opening degree to control the flow of the low-temperature liquid a from the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 to the vaporizer 2 through the second pipeline 1-2a. The second pipeline 1-3a is provided with the second quick cut valve XV002 and the second regulating valve HV002, wherein, The second quick cut valve XV002 is kept open in both the temperature adjustment mode and the experiment mode, and when an emergency occurs, the second quick cut valve XV002 is quickly closed to cut off the third pipeline 1-3a. The second regulating valve HV002 is used to realize 0%-100% adjustment of the opening degree to control the flow of the low-temperature liquid a from the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 through the third pipeline 1-3a.

[0025] Specifically, in the embodiment, the second pipeline 1-2a is provided with the first quick cut valve XV001 and the first regulating valve HV001, and the third pipeline 1-3a is provided with the second quick cut valve XV002 and the second regulating valve HV002. The configuration of these valves can effectively improve the safety and the precision of parameter adjustment of the multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generating unit I. The first quick cut valve XV001 and the second quick cut valve XV002 are kept open in both the temperature adjustment mode and the experiment mode, and will not affect the normal transmission of the low-temperature liquid a in the second pipeline 1-2a and the third pipeline 1-3a. When an emergency occurs, the two valves can be quickly closed to cut off the corresponding pipelines, so as to avoid the continuous delivery of the low-temperature liquid a or gas to cause safety hazards, and provide reliable safety protection for the system operation. The first regulating valve HV001 can realize 0%-100% adjustment of the opening degree, and can precisely control the flow of the low-temperature liquid a from the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 to the vaporizer 2 through the second pipeline 1-2a. The second regulating valve HV002 can also realize 0%-100% adjustment of the opening degree, and can precisely control the flow of the low-temperature liquid a from the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 through the third pipeline 1-3a. Through the precise adjustment of the two flows, the amount of the normal-temperature gas b generated by the vaporizer 2 and the amount of the low-temperature liquid a entering the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 can be indirectly controlled, thereby providing a basis for the precise adjustment of the low-temperature gas parameters (temperature and flow) in the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3, and ensuring that the multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generating unit I can stably output the low-temperature gas meeting the experimental requirements, and providing adaptive cold source conditions for the experiment of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II.

[0026] Further, the multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit I further comprises a first emptying pipeline 3-5c and a temperature-adjusting gas emptying pipeline 3-5d. One end of the first emptying pipeline 3-5c is in communication with an emergency exhaust port at the top of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3, and the other end is in communication with the atmosphere. A third quick cut valve XV003 is arranged on the first emptying pipeline 3-5c. The third quick cut valve XV003 is used to keep a constant closed state in the temperature-adjusting mode and the experimental mode, and quickly open the valve when an emergency occurs, so as to keep the first emptying pipeline 3-5c in communication. The first emptying pipeline 3-5c rapidly transmits the low-temperature gas c to the atmosphere 5, The low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is provided with a temperature-adjusting gas outlet. The temperature-adjusting gas outlet is in communication with the atmosphere 5 through the temperature-adjusting gas emptying pipeline 3-5d. A second switch valve KV002 is arranged on the temperature-adjusting gas emptying pipeline 3-5d. The second switch valve KV002 is used to keep a constant open state in the temperature-adjusting mode and a constant closed state in the experimental mode. The temperature-adjusting gas d is a gas generated in the temperature-adjusting mode and having a temperature higher than the user's experimental requirement.

[0027] Specifically, in the embodiment, the multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit I further comprises the first emptying pipeline 3-5c and the temperature-adjusting gas emptying pipeline 3-5d. The pipelines are matched with corresponding valve arrangements, which not only strengthens the safety of system operation, but also provides a key guarantee for the effective development of the temperature-adjusting mode. One end of the first emptying pipeline 3-5c is in communication with an emergency exhaust port at the top of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3, and the other end is in communication with the atmosphere. A third quick cut valve XV003 arranged on the pipeline keeps a constant closed state in the temperature-adjusting mode and the experimental mode, and quickly opens only when an emergency occurs. The low-temperature gas c can be rapidly transmitted to the atmosphere 5 through the first emptying pipeline 3-5c, so as to avoid safety risks caused by abnormal pressure rise or other emergencies in the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3, and to build a reliable emergency pressure relief channel for the system. The temperature-adjusting gas outlet at the bottom of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is in communication with the atmosphere 5 through the temperature-adjusting gas emptying pipeline 3-5d. A second switch valve KV002 arranged on the pipeline keeps a constant open state in the temperature-adjusting mode and a constant closed state in the experimental mode. The temperature-adjusting gas d is a gas generated in the temperature-adjusting mode and having a temperature higher than the user's experimental requirement. In the temperature-adjusting stage, the temperature-adjusting gas d not meeting the experimental parameter requirement can be discharged to the atmosphere 5 through the pipeline, so as to avoid the unqualified gas entering the subsequent process, to ensure that the gas parameters output by the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 can accurately match the user's experimental requirement before the system is switched to the experimental mode, to lay a foundation for the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experimental unit II to receive qualified low-temperature gas, and to avoid the unqualified gas interfering with the experimental results, thereby indirectly improving the accuracy of experimental data.

[0028] Further, the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II includes a multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 with an adjustable internal height, the inside of the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 is filled with at least one energy storage medium 404 / 405, the physical property parameters, geometric dimensions and arrangement of the energy storage medium 404 / 405 are adjusted by replacing the energy storage medium 404 / 405 or rearranging the energy storage medium 404 / 405, the physical property parameters include thermal conductivity and porosity, the geometric dimensions include particle diameter, the energy storage medium 404 / 405 includes large-diameter energy storage medium 404 and small-diameter energy storage medium 405; the inside of the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 is also provided with at least one layer of replaceable layered wire mesh 403, which is used to separate the energy storage medium 404 / 405 in different regions in the axial or radial direction according to experimental requirements, the material of the wire mesh 403 includes but is not limited to steel wire mesh, iron wire mesh or aluminum alloy wire mesh; The multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II also includes a temperature acquisition system 406, which is used to acquire the temperature of the multiple energy storage medium 404 / 405 intervals separated by the layered wire mesh 403 in the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4.

[0029] Specifically, in the embodiment, the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II includes a multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 with an adjustable internal height, which can flexibly change the internal effective accommodation space according to the experimental requirements, adapt to energy storage media 404 / 405 of different volumes and different dosages, and does not need to rely on fixed-capacity energy storage containers, thereby meeting the diversified needs of small-capacity to large-capacity energy storage experiments; the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 is filled with at least one kind of energy storage medium 404 / 405, and the physical property parameters (thermal conductivity, porosity) and geometric size (particle diameter) thereof can be adjusted by replacing the energy storage medium 404 / 405 or rearranging, and the large-diameter energy storage medium 404 and the small-diameter energy storage medium 405 can also be used in combination, thereby effectively solving the problems of fixed types and sizes of energy storage media and single arrangement in the existing devices, providing rich experimental variables for exploring the influence of different medium characteristics on energy storage performance; at the same time, the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 is provided with at least one replaceable layered wire mesh 403, which can separate the energy storage media 404 / 405 in different areas in the axial or radial direction according to the experimental requirements, and the wire mesh 403 can be made of steel wire mesh, iron wire mesh or aluminum alloy wire mesh, thereby stably realizing the axial and radial gradient arrangement of the energy storage media, and further expanding the richness of the experimental scenarios; in addition, the temperature acquisition system 406 provided in the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II can acquire the temperature of the multiple energy storage medium 404 / 405 intervals separated by the layered wire mesh 403 in the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4, and specifically, multiple sensor probes of the temperature acquisition system 406 can be arranged in the multiple energy storage medium 404 / 405 intervals, so that the temperature change data of different areas in the experimental process can be obtained in real time and accurately, thereby providing reliable data support for quantitatively analyzing the correlation between the characteristics of the energy storage medium, the arrangement mode and the energy storage performance, and avoiding the problem of insufficient experimental conclusion persuasiveness caused by the lack of systematic parameter recording tools in the prior art.

[0030] Further, the first tank wall 303 of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is wrapped with a first thermal insulation layer 301, and the second tank wall 402 of the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 is wrapped with a second thermal insulation layer 401; the materials of the first thermal insulation layer 301 and the second thermal insulation layer 401 include magnesium silicate rock wool and polyisocyanurate.

[0031] Specifically, in the embodiment, the first tank wall 303 of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is wrapped with a first thermal insulation layer 301, the second tank wall 402 of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 is wrapped with a second thermal insulation layer 401, and the materials of the first thermal insulation layer 301 and the second thermal insulation layer 401 are selected from magnesium silicate rock wool or polyisocyanurate. Such materials can effectively block the heat exchange between the external environment and the low-temperature environment in the tank, and greatly reduce the loss of cold energy. The first thermal insulation layer 301 can maintain a stable heat exchange environment inside the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3, avoid temperature fluctuations of the low-temperature liquid a, the normal-temperature gas b and the heat exchange medium 302 in the mixing and heat exchange process due to the transmission of external heat, and ensure that the parameters (temperature, pressure) of the generated low-temperature gas are always stable within the experimental requirement range, thereby providing a parameter-accurate cold source for the subsequent multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II. The second thermal insulation layer 401 can maintain a low-temperature experimental environment inside the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4, prevent external heat from invading and affecting the absorption process of the energy storage medium 404 / 405 to the cold energy of the low-temperature gas, avoid abnormal temperature changes in the energy storage tank to interfere with the experimental data, and ensure the accuracy of the energy storage performance test results. At the same time, high-quality thermal insulation materials and reasonable thermal insulation structure design can also reduce the invalid consumption of low-temperature medium, improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system, and provide environmental protection for the long-term stable operation of the entire experimental platform.

[0032] Further, the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II further comprises a second evacuation pipeline 4-5b, one end of the second evacuation pipeline 4-5b is in communication with the exhaust port at the top of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4, the other end is in communication with the atmosphere, and an adjusting pressure stabilizing valve PV001 is arranged on the second evacuation pipeline 4-5b. The adjusting pressure stabilizing valve PV001 is used to adjust the pressure difference before and after the adjusting pressure stabilizing valve PV001 to keep the tank pressure of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 meet the experimental pressure requirement, and the experimental gas after warming is transmitted to the atmosphere 5 through the second evacuation pipeline 4-5b through the exhaust port.

[0033] Specifically, in this embodiment, the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II further includes a second emptying pipeline 4-5b, one end of which is in communication with the exhaust port at the top of the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4, and the other end is in communication with the atmosphere, and a regulating pressure stabilizing valve PV001 is arranged on the pipeline. This configuration not only ensures the stability of the pressure in the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4, but also realizes the reasonable discharge of the gas after the experiment. The regulating pressure stabilizing valve PV001 can adjust the pressure difference between the front and rear ends thereof, accurately control the pressure in the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4, and ensure that the pressure in the tank always meets the preset pressure requirement of the experiment, thereby avoiding the influence of excessively high or low pressure on the absorption efficiency of the low-temperature gas cold energy by the energy storage medium 404 / 405, and further ensuring the stability of the energy storage experiment process and the accuracy of the experimental results. At the same time, during the experiment, the low-temperature gas absorbs the cold energy of the energy storage medium 404 / 405 and is heated to form experimental gas. These heated experimental gases can enter the second emptying pipeline 4-5b through the exhaust port at the top of the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 and be finally transmitted to the atmosphere, effectively avoiding the problem of abnormal pressure rise caused by the accumulation of heated gas in the tank or the problem of interference with the subsequent experimental process caused by the retention of gas, thereby providing good conditions for the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 to continuously receive low-temperature gas from the multi-condition low-temperature gas generation unit I and stably carry out the energy storage experiment.

[0034] Further, the first pipeline 3-4c is provided with a first on-off valve KV001, which is kept open in the experimental mode to control the on-off of the low-temperature gas entering the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II.

[0035] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first pipeline 3-4c is provided with a first on-off valve KV001, which is kept open in the experimental mode to control the on-off of the low-temperature gas entering the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II.

[0036] Furthermore, it also includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the multi-condition cryogenic gas generating unit I and the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage experimental unit II, respectively, and is used to monitor and adjust the temperature, pressure, flow rate parameters of the cryogenic gas and the temperature changes during the experiment.

[0037] Specifically, in this embodiment, the experimental platform also includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the multi-condition cryogenic gas generation unit I and the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage experimental unit II, respectively. This control system can effectively integrate the operating logic of the two core units, breaking the limitations of the traditional cryogenic energy storage experimental platform where cold source control and experimental monitoring are decentralized and rely on manual operation, and greatly improving the system's integration and automation level. On the one hand, the control system can monitor the temperature, pressure, and flow parameters of the cryogenic gas generated by the multi-condition cryogenic gas generating unit I in real time. If these parameters deviate from the experimental preset requirements, it can promptly and precisely adjust components such as the first regulating valve HV001 and the second regulating valve HV002 within the unit to ensure that the cryogenic gas transmitted to the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage experimental unit II via the first pipeline 3-4c always meets the experimental parameter requirements, providing a stable and reliable cold source for the energy storage experiment in the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage tank 4. On the other hand, the control system can also monitor the temperature changes of the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage experimental unit II in real time during the experiment. Working in conjunction with the temperature acquisition system 406 within the unit, it can comprehensively and accurately acquire temperature data of the multiple energy storage medium 404 / 405 intervals separated by the layered wire mesh 403 within the multi-condition cryogenic energy storage tank 4. This eliminates the need for manual real-time monitoring and recording, reducing human error and allowing experimenters to more intuitively grasp the dynamic changes in the energy storage process. Through this synergistic effect of real-time monitoring and precise adjustment, the control system not only ensures the stability and safety of the entire experimental process but also simplifies the experimental operation process and improves experimental efficiency.

[0038] A method for cryogenic energy storage under multiple operating conditions, based on the aforementioned cryogenic energy storage experimental platform under multiple operating conditions, includes a temperature control mode and an experimental mode. In temperature control mode, the first switching valve KV001 is closed, and the second switching valve KV002 is opened. This controls the opening degree of the first regulating valve HV001 and the second regulating valve HV002, maintaining the temperature of the liquid stored in the cryogenic storage tank 1 at [temperature value missing]. T a cryogenic liquid a The mass flow rate is transmitted to vaporizer 2 via the second pipe 1-2a, where it is vaporized and heated to a temperature close to the ambient temperature. T b The ambient temperature gas b; simultaneously stored in the cryogenic storage tank 1 at a temperature of T a cryogenic liquid a The mass flow rate is transmitted to the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank 3 via the third pipe 1-3a, and the mass flow rate of the same gas from the vaporizer 2 outlet, transmitted to the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank 3 via the fourth pipe 2-3b, is... Temperature is T b A room-temperature gas b is mixed with the gas, and the two undergo a heat exchange process with the heat exchange medium 302 in the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3; the heat exchange process includes a mass flow rate of Temperature is T b The room-temperature gas b is cooled to generate a temperature of T c The experimental gas c has a mass flow rate of Temperature is T a The low-temperature liquid a is heated and vaporized to form a product with a temperature of T c The experimental gas c and the heat exchange medium 302 in the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank 3 are continuously cooled; the mass flow rate should meet the calculation formula:

[0039] in, The latent heat of vaporization of the cryogenic liquid; before the heat exchange medium 302 in the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is cooled to the same temperature as the cryogenic experimental gas c, the temperature-regulating gas d is discharged to the atmosphere 5 through the temperature-regulating gas outlet at the bottom of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank 3 and the temperature-regulating gas exhaust pipe 3-5d. The specific temperature control logic is divided into temperature control process and flow control process; The temperature control process involves adjusting the gas temperature at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank 3. T d To meet the user's experimental temperature requirements T c ; Specifically, when adjusting the temperature of the gas T d When the experimental requirements exceed the user's needs, while keeping the opening of the first switching valve KV001 unchanged, increase the opening of the second regulating valve HV002 to maintain the temperature of the liquid stored in the cryogenic storage tank 1 at [temperature missing]. T a The mass flow rate of cryogenic liquid a is transferred to cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank 3 via the third pipeline 1-3a. Increase the temperature of the temperature-regulating gas d at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank 3. T d To meet the user's experimental needs; when adjusting the gas temperature T dWhen the mass flow rate of the adjusting gas is lower than the user's experimental requirement, the opening of the second regulating valve HV002 is kept unchanged, and the opening of the first switch valve KV001 is increased, so that the mass flow rate of the low-temperature liquid a stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 and having a temperature of T a is increased, and the temperature of the adjusting gas d at the outlet of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is increased to the user's experimental requirement. T d The flow regulating process is to regulate the flow rate of the adjusting gas at the outlet of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 to meet the user's experimental flow requirement. Specifically, when the mass flow rate of the adjusting gas is higher than the user's experimental requirement, the openings of the HV001 and HV002 are simultaneously reduced, so that the mass flow rate of the low-temperature liquid a stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 and having a temperature of T a is reduced through the third pipeline 1-3a to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3, and the mass flow rate of the low-temperature liquid a stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 and having a temperature of is reduced through the second pipeline 1-2a to the vaporizer 2, so that the flow rate of the adjusting gas d at the outlet of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is reduced and meets the user's experimental flow requirement. T a When the mass flow rate of the adjusting gas is lower than the user's experimental requirement, the openings of the first regulating valve HV001 and the second regulating valve HV002 are simultaneously increased, so that the mass flow rate of the low-temperature liquid a stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 and having a temperature of is increased through the third pipeline 1-3a to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3, and the mass flow rate of the low-temperature liquid a stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 and having a temperature of is increased through the second pipeline 1-2a to the vaporizer 2, so that the flow rate of the adjusting gas d at the outlet of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is increased and meets the user's experimental flow requirement. When the heat exchange medium 302 in the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 is cooled to the same temperature as the low-temperature experimental gas c and the temperature-adjusted gas d leaving the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 meets the user's experimental requirement, the system is adjusted to the experimental mode. T c In the experimental mode, the first switch valve KV001 is opened, the second switch valve KV002 is closed, and the openings of the first regulating valve HV001 and the second regulating valve HV002 are controlled, so that the low-temperature gas c having a mass flow rate of and a temperature of passes through the low-temperature gas outlet at the bottom of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 and is transmitted to the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 through the experimental gas transmission pipeline 3-4c.​​​​​​​​​ The multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 adds radial layered wire mesh 403 at the axial / radial position meeting the experimental requirements, and fills the energy storage medium 404 / 405 with different physical parameters and geometric sizes at different radial and axial positions, so as to explore the influence of the axial and radial gradient arrangement and arrangement mode of the energy storage medium on the energy storage performance; during the experiment, the mass flow rate is , the temperature is T c The low-temperature experimental gas c enters the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4, and the low-temperature experimental gas c is heated by the energy storage medium 404 / 405 in the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 and then discharged into the atmosphere 5 through the second exhaust pipeline 4-5b via the exhaust port at the top of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4.

[0040] Specifically, the low-temperature energy storage experiment method in the multi-working condition operation mode of the embodiment is based on the temperature adjustment mode and the experiment mode of the foregoing experiment platform. Through the orderly switching and precise control of the dual modes, the adaptability of the cold source parameters is ensured, and the influence of the energy storage medium characteristics on the energy storage performance can be systematically explored. In the temperature adjustment mode, the first switch valve KV001 is closed, and the second switch valve KV002 is opened. The temperature of the low-temperature liquid a in the low-temperature liquid tank 1 is controlled to be Ta, and the low-temperature liquid a is transmitted to the vaporizer 2 through the second pipeline 1-2a and to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3 through the third pipeline 1-3a at corresponding mass flow rates. The temperature of the normal-temperature gas b generated by the vaporizer 2 is Tb, and the normal-temperature gas b is also transmitted to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3. The three are heat-exchanged with the heat exchange medium 302 in the tank, and the mass flow rates satisfy the calculation formula of the low-temperature liquid vaporization latent heat. At the same time, the temperature adjustment gas d higher than the experimental requirement is discharged through the temperature adjustment gas discharge pipeline 3-5d, until the heat exchange medium 302 is cooled to the same temperature as the low-temperature experimental gas c, and the temperature adjustment gas d reaches the experimental requirement. The unqualified cold source is effectively avoided from entering the experimental link, and a precise cold source basis is laid for the experiment mode. After switching to the experiment mode, the first switch valve KV001 is opened, and the second switch valve KV002 is closed. The low-temperature gas c with the mass flow rate and temperature meeting the requirements is transmitted to the multi-working condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 through the first pipeline 3-4c. The multi-working condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 can add a layered wire mesh 403 at the axial / radial position according to the experimental requirements, and fill the energy storage medium 404 / 405 with different physical parameters (thermal conductivity, porosity) and geometric sizes (particle diameter) at different positions. The influence of the axial and radial gradient arrangement and arrangement mode of the energy storage medium on the energy storage performance can be explored. In the experimental process, the cold energy of the low-temperature gas c is absorbed by the energy storage medium 404 / 405, and the warmed gas is discharged through the second discharge pipeline 4-5b through the exhaust port at the top of the multi-working condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4. At the same time, the temperature data of the multiple energy storage medium intervals separated by the layered wire mesh 403 can be collected by the temperature collection system 406. The orderly development of the experimental process is ensured, and reliable data support is provided for the quantitative analysis of the correlation between the energy storage performance and the medium characteristics and the arrangement mode. The overall method solves the problems of difficult control of cold source parameters, single experimental variable, and incomplete data collection in the traditional experimental process, and significantly improves the precision and effectiveness of the low-temperature energy storage experiment.

[0041] The low-temperature energy storage experiment platform and experiment method in multi-working condition operation mode of the application, aiming at the problems of single fixed cold source, lack of low-temperature gas energy storage experiment capability, limited research means of energy storage medium and low system safety and integration of the existing low-temperature energy storage experiment platform, realize all-round technical optimization through double core units, double operation modes and fine structure design. Among them, the multi-working condition low-temperature gas generating unit I relies on the low-temperature liquid tank 1 to store various low-temperature liquids a such as liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen, matches the vaporizer 2 to vaporize the low-temperature liquids a into normal temperature gas b, and through the auxiliary heat exchange of the heat exchange medium 302 such as iron-chromium alloy and granite in the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank 3, combined with the 0%~100% opening regulation of the first regulating valve HV001 and the second regulating valve HV002, can stably generate and output low-temperature gas with different temperature, pressure and flow parameters, completely break through the limitation of traditional single liquid cold source, and fill the equipment blank of low-temperature gas energy storage experiment; The multi-working condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit II relies on the multi-working condition low-temperature energy storage tank 4 with adjustable height inside, cooperates with the replaceable layered wire mesh 403 made of materials such as steel wire mesh, realizes the flexible adjustment of the physical parameters (thermal conductivity, porosity), geometric size (particle diameter) and axial / radial arrangement of the energy storage medium 404 / 405 (large diameter and small diameter), and then accurately collects the temperature of each medium interval through the temperature collection system 406, providing rich experimental variables and reliable data support for the systematic exploration of the influence of energy storage medium characteristics on energy storage performance. At the same time, in the temperature regulation mode, the first switch valve KV001 is closed and the second switch valve KV002 is opened, the temperature regulation gas d with a temperature higher than the experimental demand is discharged through the temperature regulation gas discharge pipeline 3-5d, and the cold source parameters are accurately matched with the experimental demand; In the experiment mode, the first switch valve KV001 is opened and the second switch valve KV002 is closed, the qualified low-temperature gas c is stably transmitted to the energy storage tank 4 through the first pipeline 3-4c, and the second discharge pipeline 4-5b is adjusted to maintain the stable pressure in the tank through the second discharge pipeline 4-5b, so as to realize the orderly development of the experiment process. In addition, the first quick switch valve XV001, the second quick switch valve XV002 and the third quick switch valve XV003 constitute an emergency safety barrier, the first heat preservation layer 301 and the second heat preservation layer 401 (magnesium silicate rock wool and polyisocyanurate material) effectively reduce the loss of cold energy, and the control system integrates the monitoring and adjustment functions of the double units, greatly improves the automation level and operation safety of the system. The overall design integrates the functions of cold source regulation, medium configuration, safety protection and data collection, simplifies the experiment process, improves the experiment precision and efficiency, and can provide a universal and highly adaptive experiment platform support for low-temperature energy storage technology research in multiple scenes such as liquid air energy storage and natural gas cold energy storage.

[0042] The above examples are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, but not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalent ones; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under multi-working condition operation mode, characterized in that, The low-temperature energy storage experiment platform under the multi-condition operation mode has a temperature adjustment mode and an experiment mode, and comprises a multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit (I) and a multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit (II), wherein the gas output end of the multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit (I) is communicated with the gas input end of the multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit (II) through a first pipeline (3-4c), and The multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit (I) is used for generating and outputting low-temperature gas with different temperature, pressure and flow parameters. The multi-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit (II) is used for containing at least one energy storage medium (404 / 405) and receiving the low-temperature gas from the multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit (I) to perform a low-temperature energy storage experiment, and is internally configured to adapt to different experimental conditions.

2. The low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under multiple operating modes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit (I) comprises: A low-temperature liquid storage tank (1) is used for storing low-temperature liquid a, and the low-temperature liquid a includes but is not limited to liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon or liquefied carbon dioxide. A vaporizer (2) is used for vaporizing the low-temperature liquid a into normal-temperature gas b and outputting the normal-temperature gas b to a low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3), and the input end of the vaporizer (2) is communicated with the first output end of the low-temperature liquid storage tank (1) through a second pipeline (1-2a). The low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) is used for mixing and heat exchanging the low-temperature liquid a and the normal-temperature gas b to generate low-temperature gas with preset parameters, the first input end of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) is communicated with the second output end of the low-temperature liquid storage tank (1) through a third pipeline (1-3a), the second input end is communicated with the output end of the vaporizer (2) through a fourth pipeline (2-3b), the output end of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) is communicated with one end of the first pipeline (3-4c) as the gas output end of the multi-condition low-temperature gas generating unit (I), and the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) is internally filled with heat exchange medium (302) including but not limited to alloy blocks, metal blocks and stone blocks; the material of the alloy blocks includes but is not limited to iron-chromium alloy, iron-nickel alloy, copper-nickel alloy, stainless steel and aluminum alloy; the material of the metal blocks includes but is not limited to iron, copper and aluminum; and the material of the stone blocks includes but is not limited to granite, limestone, dolomite and marble.

3. The low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under multiple operating modes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second pipeline (1-2a) is provided with a first quick cut valve (XV001) and a first regulating valve (HV001), wherein The first quick cut valve (XV001) is kept in an open state in the temperature adjustment mode and the experiment mode, and is quickly closed to cut off the second pipeline (1-2a) when an emergency occurs. The first regulating valve (HV001) is used for realizing 0%-100% regulating of the opening degree to control the flow of the low-temperature liquid a transmitted from the low-temperature liquid storage tank (1) to the vaporizer (2) through the second pipeline (1-2a). The third pipeline (1-3a) is provided with a second quick cut valve (XV002) and a second regulating valve (HV002), wherein The second quick cut valve (XV002) is kept open in both the temperature adjustment mode and the experiment mode, and is quickly closed to cut off the third pipeline (1-3a) when an emergency occurs; The second regulating valve (HV002) is used to realize 0%-100% adjustment of the opening degree to control the flow of the low-temperature liquid a from the low-temperature liquid storage tank (1) to the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) through the third pipeline (1-3a).

4. The low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under multiple operating modes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generating unit (I) further comprises a first emptying pipeline (3-5c) and a temperature adjustment gas emptying pipeline (3-5d). One end of the first emptying pipeline (3-5c) is in communication with an emergency exhaust port at the top of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3), and the other end is in communication with the atmosphere. A third quick cut valve (XV003) is arranged on the first emptying pipeline (3-5c). The third quick cut valve (XV003) is kept closed in both the temperature adjustment mode and the experiment mode, and is quickly opened to keep the first emptying pipeline (3-5c) open when an emergency occurs. The first emptying pipeline (3-5c) rapidly transmits the low-temperature gas c to the atmosphere (5), The low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) is provided with a temperature adjustment gas outlet at the bottom. The temperature adjustment gas outlet is in communication with the atmosphere (5) through the temperature adjustment gas emptying pipeline (3-5d). A second switch valve (KV002) is arranged on the temperature adjustment gas emptying pipeline (3-5d). The second switch valve (KV002) is kept open in the temperature adjustment mode and is kept closed in the experiment mode. The temperature adjustment gas d is the gas generated in the temperature adjustment mode and has a temperature higher than the user's experimental requirement.

5. The low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under multiple operating modes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit (II) comprises a multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4) with an adjustable internal height. The internal part of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4) is filled with at least one energy storage medium (404 / 405). The physical property parameters, geometric dimensions and arrangement modes of the energy storage medium (404 / 405) are adjusted by replacing the energy storage medium (404 / 405) or rearranging the energy storage medium (404 / 405). The physical property parameters include the thermal conductivity and the porosity. The geometric dimensions include the particle diameter. The energy storage medium (404 / 405) includes an energy storage medium (404) with a large diameter and an energy storage medium (405) with a small diameter. The internal part of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4) is further provided with at least one replaceable layered wire mesh (403) for separating the energy storage medium (404 / 405) in different regions in the axial direction or the radial direction according to the experimental requirement. The material of the wire mesh (403) includes but is not limited to a steel wire mesh, an iron wire mesh or an aluminum alloy wire mesh. The multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit (II) further comprises a temperature acquisition system (406) for acquiring the temperature of the multiple energy storage medium (404 / 405) intervals separated by the layered wire mesh (403) in the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4).

6. The low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under multiple operating modes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first tank wall (303) of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) is wrapped with a first heat preservation layer (301) outside, and the second tank wall (402) of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4) is wrapped with a second heat preservation layer (401) outside; the materials of the first heat preservation layer (301) and the second heat preservation layer (401) include magnesium silicate rock wool and polyisocyanurate.

7. The low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under multiple operating modes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit (II) further comprises a second emptying pipeline (4-5b), one end of the second emptying pipeline (4-5b) is in communication with the exhaust port at the top of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4), the other end is in communication with the atmosphere, and an adjusting pressure stabilizing valve (PV001) is arranged on the second emptying pipeline (4-5b), the adjusting pressure stabilizing valve (PV001) is used for adjusting the pressure difference before and after the adjusting pressure stabilizing valve (PV001) to keep the tank pressure of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4) to meet the experimental pressure requirement, and the experimental gas after being warmed is transmitted to the atmosphere (5) through the second emptying pipeline (4-5b) through the exhaust port.

8. The low-temperature energy storage experimental platform under multiple operating modes according to claim 7, characterized in that, A first switch valve (KV001) is arranged on the first pipeline (3-4c), the first switch valve (KV001) is kept open in the experimental mode, and is used for controlling the on-off of the low-temperature gas entering the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit (II).

9. The low-temperature energy storage experimental platform operating in multiple working conditions according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control system is electrically connected with the multi-working-condition low-temperature gas generating unit (I) and the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage experiment unit (II) respectively, and is used for monitoring and adjusting the temperature, pressure, flow parameter of the low-temperature gas and the temperature change in the experimental process.

10. A method for low-temperature energy storage experiment under multi-operation mode, based on the low-temperature energy storage experiment platform under multi-operation mode according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The test method comprises a temperature adjusting mode and an experimental mode, In temperature control mode, the first switching valve (KV001) is closed, the second switching valve (KV002) is opened, and the opening degree of the first regulating valve (HV001) and the second regulating valve (HV002) is controlled to make the temperature in the cryogenic storage tank (1) reach a certain value. T a cryogenic liquid a The mass flow rate is transmitted to the vaporizer (2) via the second pipe (1-2a), and the vaporization temperature is raised to a temperature close to the ambient temperature. T b The ambient temperature gas b; simultaneously stored in a cryogenic storage tank (1) at a temperature of T a cryogenic liquid a The mass flow rate is transmitted to the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank (3) via the third pipe (1-3a), and the mass flow rate of the same gas from the vaporizer (2) outlet, transmitted to the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank (3) via the fourth pipe (2-3b), is... Temperature is T b The ambient temperature gas b is mixed with the gas, and the two undergo a heat exchange process with the heat exchange medium (302) in the low temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3); the heat exchange process includes a mass flow rate of Temperature is T b The room-temperature gas b is cooled to generate a temperature of T c The experimental gas c has a mass flow rate of Temperature is T a The low-temperature liquid a is heated and vaporized to form a product with a temperature of T c The experimental gas c and the heat exchange medium (302) in the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) are continuously cooled; the mass flow rate should meet the calculation formula: wherein, The latent heat of vaporization of the low-temperature liquid; before the heat exchange medium (302) in the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) is cooled to the same temperature as the low-temperature experimental gas c, the temperature-adjusting gas d is discharged to the atmosphere (5) through the temperature-adjusting gas outlet at the bottom of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) and via the temperature-adjusting gas exhaust pipeline (3-5d). The specific temperature adjusting logic comprises a temperature adjusting process and a flow adjusting process; The temperature adjustment process is to adjust the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) T d to meet the experimental temperature requirements of users T c ; Specifically, when adjusting the temperature of the gas T d When the experimental requirements exceed the user's needs, while keeping the opening of the first switching valve (KV001) unchanged, increase the opening of the second regulating valve (HV002) to bring the temperature in the cryogenic storage tank (1) to [temperature value missing]. T a The mass flow rate of cryogenic liquid a is transferred to cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank (3) via the third pipeline (1-3a). Increase the temperature of the temperature-regulating gas d at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank (3). T d To meet the user's experimental needs; when adjusting the gas temperature T d When the temperature is lower than the user's experimental requirements, while keeping the opening of the second regulating valve (HV002) unchanged, increase the opening of the first switching valve (KV001) to bring the temperature in the cryogenic storage tank (1) to [temperature value missing]. T a The mass flow rate of the cryogenic liquid a is transmitted to the vaporizer (2) via the second pipe (1-2a). Increase the temperature of the temperature-regulating gas d at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank (3). T d Elevating to the level of user experimental needs; The flow regulating process is to regulate the gas flow at the outlet of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) to meet the user's experimental flow requirements ; Specifically, when adjusting the mass flow rate of the gas When the experimental requirements exceed the user's needs, simultaneously reduce the opening of the first regulating valve (HV001) and the second regulating valve (HV002) to keep the temperature in the cryogenic storage tank (1) at [temperature value missing]. T a The mass flow rate of cryogenic liquid a is transferred to cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank (3) via the third pipeline (1-3a). and the mass flow rate transmitted to the vaporizer (2) via the second pipe (1-2a) Reduce the regulating gas flow rate at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank (3). Reduce and meet the user's experimental flow rate requirements; when adjusting the mass flow rate of the gas. When the temperature is lower than the user's experimental requirements, simultaneously increase the opening of the first regulating valve (HV001) and the second regulating valve (HV002) to bring the temperature in the cryogenic storage tank (1) to [temperature value missing]. T a The mass flow rate of cryogenic liquid a is transferred to cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank (3) via the third pipeline (1-3a). and the mass flow rate transmitted to the vaporizer (2) via the second pipe (1-2a) Increase the regulating gas flow rate at the outlet of the cryogenic gas-liquid mixing tank (3). Increase and meet the user's experimental traffic requirements; When the heat exchange medium (302) in the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) is cooled to the same temperature as the low-temperature experimental gas c and the temperature adjusting gas d leaving the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3) meets the user experimental requirement, the system is adjusted to the experimental mode; In the experimental mode, the first switch valve (KV001) is opened, the second switch valve (KV002) is closed, the opening degree of the first regulating valve (HV001) and the second regulating valve (HV002) is controlled, and the mass flow rate is , the temperature of the low-temperature gas c is T c The low-temperature gas c with a temperature of T c is transmitted to the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4) through the experimental gas transmission pipeline (3-4c) from the low-temperature gas outlet at the bottom of the low-temperature gas-liquid mixing tank (3). The multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4) is additionally provided with a radial layered wire mesh (403) at the axial / radial position meeting the experimental requirements, and is filled with energy storage medium (404 / 405) with different physical parameters and geometric sizes at different radial and axial positions, so as to explore the influence of the axial and radial gradient arrangement and arrangement mode of the energy storage medium on the energy storage performance; during the experiment, the low-temperature experimental gas c with a mass flow rate of , a temperature of T c , enters the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4), is absorbed by the energy storage medium (404 / 405) in the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4), is heated by the energy storage medium (404 / 405) in the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4), and then is discharged into the atmosphere (5) through the exhaust port at the top of the multi-working-condition low-temperature energy storage tank (4) and the second exhaust pipeline (4-5b).

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