New airport site selection planning method based on bird strike risk prevention and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a new airport site selection planning method based on bird strike risk prevention and application thereof, and the method comprises the steps: firstly screening out a pre-selected site position in a site pre-selection stage according to the limiting conditions of airport construction; comprehensively considering the degree of harm to aircrafts caused by collision of dominant bird species and bird machines in the research area, and determining the egret species, the goose and duck species and the gull species as high-risk bird species in the research area; performing high-risk bird habitat identification by using an analytic hierarchy process and a GIS analysis method; by loading, checking and visualizing weather radar data, the intensity and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of bird activities are visually analyzed, the bird strike risk of each site scheme is evaluated, and suggestions are provided for site selection and construction of an airport. The method is suitable for airport site selection in a region where the weather radar is deployed, helps the region to do early site selection planning work, and further guarantees the flight safety.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of site selection planning, more particularly to a new airport site selection planning method based on bird strike risk prevention and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, domestic and foreign researches on bird strike prevention mainly focus on the built airports, mainly concentrating on three aspects, one is to drive away birds by using physical and chemical means or ecological management; the second is to use machine learning technology to predict bird activity peaks; the third is to strengthen and improve the structure and performance of the aircraft itself. However, there are still few studies on how to reduce bird strike risk at the source and consider the relationship between airport site selection and bird activity. In the process of airport site selection and construction, if the bird activity risk factors are considered, it can not only reduce the loss caused by bird strike and enhance the safety of flight, but also benefit the protection of bird diversity, which is a direction worth exploring and researching. In the Technical Guide for General Airport Site Selection (MH / T 5065-2023) released by the Civil Aviation Administration of China in 2023, bird activity is also considered as a factor in site selection, which proposes that the airport site should avoid the bird ecological protection area. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art and provides a new airport site selection planning method based on bird strike risk prevention and application thereof. The method is suitable for airport site selection in areas where weather radars have been deployed, helping to do the preliminary site selection planning work, and thus ensuring flight safety.

[0004] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions.

[0005] The new airport site selection planning method based on bird strike risk prevention is performed according to the following steps:

[0006] S1, under the premise of ensuring flight safety, selecting the consideration factors of airport site selection, establishing an airport site selection database for storing and managing data;

[0007] S2, key area screening: excluding areas unsuitable for building airports and areas with insufficient construction area in the buffer zone, selecting flat and open areas with suitable slope, and integrating various factors affecting airport site selection into spatial information for quantitative evaluation and visual presentation;

[0008] S3, determining the preselected site location, comprehensively considering urban development planning, distance from surrounding airports, surrounding population, and other factors, and determining the preselected site location according to the GIS analysis results, combined with satellite maps and field investigation results;

[0009] S4, comprehensively consider the advantages of bird species in the research area and the damage degree caused by bird-aircraft collision, determine the high-risk bird species, select the high-risk bird species habitat suitability evaluation factors according to the ecological habit characteristics of the bird species;

[0010] S5, constructing a high-risk bird species habitat evaluation model, using spatial analysis technology to weight and superimpose the high-risk bird species habitat suitability evaluation factors in S4, obtaining the bird species habitat suitability evaluation results in the research area;

[0011] S6, loading, checking and visualizing weather radar data, visualizing and analyzing the intensity and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of bird activity, comprehensively considering the bird activity risk on the ground and in the high altitude in the research area, and calculating the bird heat activity value;

[0012] S7, evaluating the bird strike risk of each site scheme, and comparing the site schemes.

[0013] In S1: the factors considered in airport site selection include but are not limited to land use factors, city factors, road factors, geological factors, topographic factors, city factors and the like.

[0014] In S4: the high-risk bird species habitat suitability evaluation factors include but are not limited to land use factors, vegetation factors, water system factors, road factors, soil factors, city factors and the like.

[0015] In S5: constructing a high-risk bird species habitat evaluation model, the contents include: target layer (including the habitat suitability of a high-risk bird species), intermediate layer (including ecological environment, food abundance, concealment condition and interference factor), index layer (including land use type, vegetation type, soil type, river and lake, relative water depth, city road and the like), wherein the high-risk bird species include Ardeidae, Anseriformes and Laridae.

[0016] The method of the present application makes up for the defect that the current airport site selection scheme does not fully consider bird activity, and provides a reference for future airport site selection and construction work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a new airport site selection planning method flowchart based on bird strike risk prevention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a site key area screening diagram in the embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3is a preselected site position map in the embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 is a position schematic diagram of scheme A and scheme B in the embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 is a high-risk bird habitat identification result map in the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6 is a bird activity intensity visualization image of each month in 2023 in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions of the present application are further described below through specific embodiments.

[0024] The new airport site selection planning method based on bird strike risk prevention is performed according to the following steps:

[0025] S1, under the premise of ensuring flight safety, the factors considered for airport site selection are selected, an airport site selection database is established, and the database is used to store and manage data;

[0026] S2, key area screening: areas unsuitable for building airports and areas with insufficient construction area are excluded in the buffer zone, and flat and open areas with suitable slopes are selected, a variety of factors affecting airport site selection are fused into spatial information, quantitative evaluation and visualization are performed;

[0027] S3, determine the preselected site position, comprehensively consider the urban development planning, the distance from the surrounding airports, the number of surrounding population and other factors, according to the GIS analysis result, combine the satellite map and the field investigation result, survey and determine the preselected site position;

[0028] S4, comprehensively consider the advantages of bird species in the study area and the damage degree of bird-machine collision to aircraft, determine the high-risk bird species, select the high-risk bird habitat suitability evaluation factors according to the ecological habit characteristics of birds;

[0029] S5, build a high-risk bird habitat evaluation model, use spatial analysis technology to weight and superimpose the high-risk bird habitat suitability evaluation factors of S4, and obtain the evaluation result of the bird habitat suitability in the study area;

[0030] S6, load, check and visualize weather radar data, visualize and analyze the intensity and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of bird activity, comprehensively consider the bird activity risk on the ground and in the high altitude in the study area, and calculate the bird heat activity value;

[0031] S7, evaluate the bird strike risk of each site scheme, and compare the site schemes.

[0032] In S1: the factors for considering the site selection of the airport, including but not limited to land use factors, city factors, road factors, geological factors, topographical factors, city factors, etc.

[0033] In S4: the factors for evaluating the habitat suitability of high-risk bird species, including but not limited to land use factors, vegetation factors, water system factors, road factors, soil factors, city factors, etc.

[0034] In S5: the evaluation model for the habitat of high-risk bird species is constructed, including: target layer (including habitat suitability of certain high-risk bird species), intermediate layer (including ecological environment, food abundance, concealment conditions, disturbance factors), index layer (including land use type, vegetation type, soil type, river and lake, relative water depth, urban road, etc.), wherein the high-risk bird species include Ardeidae, Anseriformes and Laridae.

[0035] Specifically, taking the site selection of the second airport in Qingdao City, Shandong Province as a specific embodiment:

[0036] S1: determination of the target of pre-selected site

[0037] S1-1. Selection of research area

[0038] Qingdao City (north latitude 35°35-37°09, east longitude 119°30-121°00) is located in the southern part of Shandong Peninsula, with an east-high and west-low terrain, mainly consisting of plains and hills, located in the Yellow Sea in the east, belonging to the temperate monsoon climate with obvious marine characteristics. Qingdao City is located on one of the nine global migratory routes, East Asia-Australia, and is rich in marine, river and wetland resources. Among them, the eastern coastal mountainous area, Jiaozhou Bay wetland, Tangdao Bay wetland and Shaohai wetland, etc. have millions of migratory birds passing through every spring and autumn, which is an important stopover and transit station on the migratory route in Asia-Pacific region, and is one of the areas with the richest bird resources in Shandong Province.

[0039] Qingdao City, which develops around the bay, currently has only one main airport, Qingdao Jiaodong International Airport, which is 60 kilometers away from the city center by car, making it inconvenient for people to travel. With the rapid economic development of the city, the airport throughput will continue to approach saturation. In the "Shandong Comprehensive Three-dimensional Traffic Network Planning Outline (2023-2035)", it is clear that the focus of transportation development in Shandong in the future will be on railways, highways, waterways, aviation, etc. When referring to the planning of airport construction, the "Outline" mentions "starting the pre-study of the second airport in Jinan and Qingdao in a timely manner". Based on this, for Qingdao, which develops around the bay, the site selection of the second civil aviation airport has become a focus of attention.

[0040] S1-2. Pre-selection of the site of the second airport

[0041] The first step of airport construction is airport site selection. In China, the main industry regulations, standards and specifications adopted for airport site selection work include: General Airport Site Selection Technical Guidelines (MH / T 5065-2023), Regulations for the Administration of Civil Airport Construction (CCAR-158-R1), Requirements for the Content and Depth of Civil Airport Site Selection Reports (MH5022-2005), and Civil Transport Airport Site Selection Specification (MH / T 5037-2019). Generally, an airport will initially select multiple sites during the preliminary study, and after comparing and demonstrating from multiple aspects, the recommended site will be determined.

[0042] S1-2-1 Data Sources and Processing

[0043] Airport site selection should consider economic benefits, social benefits, environmental impacts, and other factors under the premise of ensuring flight safety. This section uses GIS spatial analysis functions to comprehensively assess the site selection area and lay the foundation for pre-selection of the site. By integrating various factors affecting airport site selection into spatial information, quantitative assessment and visualization are performed.

[0044] Step 1: Establish an airport site selection database for storing and managing data, as shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1: Data Sources

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Step 2: Key Area Screening. Set a 30km and 40km buffer zone around the city center, then exclude areas not suitable for airport construction, such as farmland, forest land, water bodies, urban built-up areas, and geological disaster areas, within the buffer zone. Select flat and open areas with suitable slopes, as shown in Figure 2 .

[0049] Step 3: Determine the pre-selected site location, considering factors such as urban development planning, distance from surrounding airports, and surrounding population. Based on GIS analysis results, combined with satellite maps and field research results, survey and determine the pre-selected site location, as shown in Figure 3 .

[0050] S1-2-2 Overview of Pre-Selected Site Scheme

[0051] Scheme A is located at the junction of Jiaozhou City and Huangdao District, with an area of approximately 9.207km 2The distance from the city center is about 31 km. The airport radiation range includes the southern, northern, Lico, Chengyang, Huangdao, Jiaozhou City, Laoshan District, Jimo District and part of the Pingdu City area, which can cover most of the main urban area of Qingdao. This scheme is moderately distant from the cities in the region, surrounded by villages, with small demolition engineering, and with good railway and highway transportation conditions. At the same time, the operation and development of the airport can meet the regional medium and long-term development plan, such as Figure 4 Scheme A.

[0052] Scheme B is located in the West Coast New Area in the southwest of Qingdao, with an area of about 11.079 km 2 The distance from the city center is about 31 km. The airport radiation range includes the southern, northern, Lico, Chengyang, Huangdao, Jiaozhou City, Laoshan District, Jimo District and part of the Pingdu City area, which can cover most of the main urban area of Qingdao. This scheme is moderately distant from the cities in the region, surrounded by villages, with small demolition engineering, and with good railway and highway transportation conditions. At the same time, the operation and development of the airport can meet the regional medium and long-term development plan, such as Figure 4 Scheme B.

[0053] S2 Bird activity pattern analysis

[0054] According to the "Civil Airport Bird Ecological Environment Investigation Guide" (AC-140-CA-2009-2) issued by the Civil Aviation Administration of China, bird research should be conducted within 8 km of the airport to understand the current bird situation around the airport. Therefore, this study sets an 8 km rectangular buffer zone around the airport site selection scheme as the research area of high-risk bird habitats.

[0055] S2-1 Bird situation in the study area

[0056] The bird species and quantity in the study area are rich. At present, there are about 468 bird species in Shandong Province, of which 320 bird species in Qingdao, accounting for about 68.4% of the bird species in Shandong Province. According to the statistics of the China Birdwatching Recording Center, the site selection scheme A is located in Jiaozhou City, which has 160 bird species in the Shao Lake National Wetland Park. Among them, the Corvidae and Turdidae in the Passeriformes, the Laridae and Charadriidae in the Charadriiformes, and the Ardeidae in the Pelecaniformes are the dominant bird species in Jiaozhou City. The site selection scheme B is located in Huangdao District, which has 166 bird species. Among them, the Paradoxornithidae, Turdidae and Aegithalidae in the Passeriformes, the Laridae and Charadriidae in the Charadriiformes, the Anatidae in the Anseriformes and the Ardeidae in the Pelecaniformes are the dominant bird species in Huangdao District.

[0057] S2-2 Identification of high-risk bird habitats

[0058] Considering the advantages of the study area and the damage caused by bird-aircraft collisions, the three species of Ardeidae, Anseriformes, and Laridae were determined as high-risk bird species in the study area. Ardeidae often inhabit the shores of rivers, lakes, and coasts, as well as shallow water areas. They are also found in marshes, rice fields, mountains, forests, and shallow water areas along plains and deserts, making them important indicator species in wetland ecosystems. Anseriformes prefer to inhabit various river wetlands and coastal mudflats, feeding on seeds, leaves, and grains, as well as algae and mollusks. They build nests along the shore or in reed beds. Laridae prefer aquatic habitats and breed in groups in freshwater lakes, rivers, estuaries, and wetlands. They prefer to inhabit areas with many reefs, such as seashores, lakes, marshes, and fish ponds, and fly low over the water surface to forage.

[0059] Based on the habitat and foraging habits of high-risk bird species in the study area, the habitat preference factors of high-risk bird species were selected, and a judgment matrix was constructed and consistency checked. According to the expert scoring results, the weights of each evaluation factor were determined using the analytic hierarchy process, as shown in Table 2.

[0060] Table 2 Weight of each factor of high-risk bird species in Qingdao

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] The habitat of Ardeidae, Anseriformes, and Laridae was identified and analyzed using GIS tools. The results were weighted and superimposed according to the scoring and weights, and the identification results of the three bird species were summed to obtain the results as shown in Table 3. Figure 5

[0064] S2-3 Visualization of bird activity intensity

[0065] In this study, the radar reflectivity factor dBz was used to indicate the intensity of bird activity. First, the S-band weather radar data of Qingdao in 2023 was analyzed, and latitude, longitude, and altitude information was extracted from the radar data. Domestic S-band weather radar data uses VCP21 mode, with the lowest two elevations, scanning two weeks, one week obtaining reflectivity factor (dBz), and the other week scanning obtaining radial velocity, and the radial resolution of reflectivity factor and radial velocity is unified. Finally, the S-band weather radar data was written into an HDF5 format file for subsequent analysis. A total of 7205 radar data were obtained, with a time resolution of 30 minutes for each radar data.

[0066] ​Based on the weather radar target feature data, the bioRad tool is used in R to load, check and visualize S-band weather radar data. The main operation steps are: (1) Draw the radar scan, extract the third scan information collected at 1.5 degree elevation, the scan radius is 50 km, and the scan center is Qingdao Meteorological Station (120.2303°E, 35.9886°N); (2) Draw the PPI (Pixels Per Inch) image of DBZH planar display, and project it in the geographic coordinate system to form a 500m resolution grid image, where DBZH represents the height component of reflectivity factor (dBz). (3) Separate the weather information and bird target information from the radar echo information, where the (-2, 5) interval of DBZH represents bird information.

[0067] Spring and autumn are the peak seasons of bird migration and bird strike events in China. Therefore, this study analyzes all bird data in Qingdao from March to May and September to November in 2023, with a time slice of 5 days, resulting in 722 visual images of bird target information in the spring and autumn migration seasons, 364 in the spring and 358 in the autumn. Since the weather radar data is instantaneous scanning, it only represents the instantaneous data results at a certain time point, therefore all available bird activity instantaneous data is superimposed to obtain the results of bird activity in each month, as shown in Figure 6

[0068] The bird activity intensity in the study area increased in the spring migration season from March to May, with an increase in number and density, and bird activity was more obvious in coastal areas. In the autumn migration season from September to November, bird activity intensity gradually weakened, and bird distribution in the study area was relatively scattered. Using the natural break method, the DBZH values of each month are divided into 5 categories, respectively, as high-frequency, higher-frequency, medium-frequency, lower-frequency, and low-frequency bird activity, and according to the different intensity of bird activity, 1-5 thermal values are assigned, as shown in Table 3.

[0069] Table 3 DBZH value natural break classification interval and thermal assignment

[0070]

[0071] According to the classification of bird flight activity intensity, the DBZH value of bird activity in each month interval during the migration season is segmented and counted, the results show that:

[0072] ​The intensity of bird activity in spring migration season increased from March to May. In March, which is the beginning of spring migration season, the bird activity was relatively stable, and the area with bird activity accounted for 16.14% of the radar scanning range. The bird activity intensity was higher in coastal areas, forests and wetland parks, and lower in villages, farmlands and along rivers and streams. In April, the bird activity intensity increased significantly, and the area with bird activity accounted for 72.75% of the radar scanning range. In the northwest region of the radar scanning range, such as Aishan and surrounding villages, and southeast of Jiaozhou, there were a large number of bird activities with high density, and the bird activity in other regions also increased significantly. In May, the bird activity reached its peak in spring migration season, and the area with bird activity accounted for 89.77% of the radar scanning range. The high-intensity bird activity was mainly distributed in the farmland belt in the west of Jiaozhou, coastal areas and the sea.

[0073] The intensity of bird activity in autumn migration season decreased from September to November. In September, which is the peak of bird activity in autumn migration season, the area with bird activity accounted for 81.14% of the radar scanning range, and the high-intensity bird activity was mainly distributed in the coastal areas of the east and around the bay of the study area. In October, the bird activity intensity decreased slightly, and the area with bird activity accounted for 79.57% of the radar scanning range, and the distribution center of bird activity intensity gradually moved south. In November, the bird activity intensity decreased rapidly, and the bird activity covered 41.17% of the radar scanning range, mainly gathering in the mountains and coastal areas.

[0074] Analysis of bird daily activity rules

[0075] Weather radar has more advantages in detecting migrating bird flocks with certain flight height. When birds migrate in large numbers, the ground bird activity is covered by high-intensity migrating birds. Therefore, we analyzed the time and spatial distribution rules of large-scale bird migration activities based on bird heat activity images, which can provide reference for airport flight planning.

[0076] (1) Time distribution rule: The bird activity in spring migration season increased in number and scale from March to May, while the bird activity intensity decreased from September to November in autumn migration season. Bird migration mainly occurred at night, and the risk of bird strike was lower from 8:00 to 18:00. After 20:00, large-scale bird activity increased, and it basically ended before 7:30 in the morning, with the strongest bird activity from 18:00 to 22:00. There was also a certain scale of bird activity during the day in May and November.

[0077] (2) Spatial distribution: In spring migration season, the bird activities are mainly distributed in the land and near-sea areas, and a small part is distributed in the ocean far from the land. The bird activities are concentrated in the ocean during the day, and more concentrated in the land at night. There are mainly two spatial patterns: one is that the radar detected bird flocks have a clear path from northwest to southeast, which to some extent reflects the migration route of birds in the study area; the second is that the radar detects large-scale bird activities mainly concentrated near the coastline of Jiaozhou Bay. In autumn migration season, the spatial distribution of bird migration activities can be divided into two patterns: one is full coverage distribution, that is, high-intensity bird migration activities almost cover the entire radar scanning range; the second is irregular distribution, and no obvious distribution characteristics of bird migration activities are found in the radar scanning range, showing irregular distribution in space.

[0078] S3 Bird risk assessment

[0079] S3-1 Risk assessment based on high-risk bird habitat identification

[0080] According to the identification results of high-risk bird habitats, the values of each pixel in each site grid are summed up, and then divided by the number of pixels occupied by each site to obtain the average value of the suitability of high-risk bird habitats in the site. The suitability of high-risk bird habitats in the 8km buffer zone of each scheme is shown in Table 4.

[0081] Table 4 Suitability of high-risk bird habitats

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] From the identification and analysis of the high-risk bird habitats in the study area, it can be seen that the values of schemes A and B are smaller than those of the built Jiaodong Airport, regardless of the minimum value, maximum value or average value. From the calculated average value of habitat suitability, it can be seen that schemes A and B are suitable for airport construction, and scheme B is more suitable.

[0085] S3-2 Bird activity risk assessment based on weather radar data

[0086] According to different months, the bird heat activity values in the range of Jiaodong Airport and the preselected airport site are added respectively to obtain the total bird heat activity values of the two schemes. Since 20% of the area of Jiaodong Airport and its 8km buffer zone is not in the radar scanning range, in order to facilitate subsequent comparison, the known heat results are enlarged proportionally, and finally the total bird heat activity values of each scheme are obtained, as shown in Table 5.

[0087] Table 5 Total bird heat activity value statistics of each scheme

[0088]

[0089] From the above table, it can be seen that: (1) The bird prevention measures of Jiaodong Airport have achieved remarkable results. The bird heat activity values in March, September, October and November are lower than those of the two preselected site schemes. However, in April and May, the bird activity is higher than that of the two schemes. Therefore, April and May are the key periods for bird strike prevention of Jiaodong Airport. (2) In the two preselected site schemes, the bird activity is the least in March, and the overall bird activity is relatively stable from September to November. The months with the highest bird activity are April and May, so it is necessary to pay attention to the risk avoidance of airport bird activity in April and May. The total value of bird heat activity of scheme A is 751756, which is higher than that of scheme B (538264), so scheme B is more suitable for airport construction.

[0090] According to the analysis results, it can be known that scheme B is more recommended for the construction of the second airport in Qingdao. During the construction of the airport, the site can be reasonably planned according to the habitat identification results, the bird habitat can be avoided, and the influence of bird activity on flight can be reduced. The intensity of bird activity is high at night during the migration season, so it is suggested to flexibly adjust and reduce the number of flights in this time period. Large aircrafts can be arranged more at night to improve the safety of flights. In addition, in order to reduce the influence of bird activity randomness on flight safety, it is suggested to strengthen the monitoring in the period with low bird activity intensity, and timely report the bird situation.

[0091] The above has exemplarily described the present application, and it should be indicated that any simple modification, change or other equivalent replacement without creative labor of those skilled in the art without departing from the core of the present application falls into the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for site selection and planning of new airports based on bird strike risk prevention, characterized by: Follow these steps: S1. Airport site selection should be carried out under the premise of ensuring flight safety, selecting airport site selection factors, and establishing an airport site selection database for storing and managing data; S2. Key Area Screening: Areas unsuitable for airport construction and areas with insufficient construction area are excluded within the buffer zone. Flat, open areas with suitable slopes are selected. By integrating various factors affecting airport site selection into spatial information, quantitative assessment and visualization are carried out. S3. Determine the location of the pre-selected site. Taking into account factors such as urban development planning, distance from surrounding airports, and surrounding population, the location of the pre-selected site is determined based on GIS analysis results, combined with satellite maps and field survey results. S4. Taking into account the dominant bird species in the study area and the degree of harm caused to aircraft by bird-aircraft collisions, identify high-risk bird species and select habitat suitability evaluation factors for high-risk bird species based on the ecological habits of birds. S5. Construct a habitat evaluation model for high-risk bird species, and use spatial analysis techniques to weight and superimpose the habitat suitability evaluation factors for high-risk bird species in S4 to obtain the habitat suitability evaluation results for a certain bird species in the study area. S6. Load, check, and visualize weather radar data; visualize and analyze the intensity and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of bird activity; comprehensively consider the risk of bird activity on the ground and at high altitudes within the study area; and calculate bird thermal activity values. S7. Assess the bird strike risk of each site option and compare the site options.

2. The method for site selection and planning of new airports based on bird strike risk prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1: Factors to be considered in airport site selection include, but are not limited to, land use factors, urban factors, road factors, geological factors, topographic factors, and urban factors.

3. The method for site selection and planning of new airports based on bird strike risk prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4: high-risk bird species habitat suitability assessment factors, including but not limited to land use factors, vegetation factors, water system factors, road factors, soil factors, and urban factors.

4. The method for site selection and planning of new airports based on bird strike risk prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5: Construct a habitat assessment model for high-risk bird species, which includes: target layer, intermediate layer, and indicator layer.

5. The method for site selection and planning of new airports based on bird strike risk prevention according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-risk bird species include herons, geese and ducks, and gulls.

6. The method for site selection and planning of new airports based on bird strike risk prevention according to claim 4, characterized in that: The target layer is the habitat suitability for high-risk bird species.

7. The method for site selection and planning of new airports based on bird strike risk prevention according to claim 4, characterized in that: The intermediate layer consists of the ecological environment, food abundance, concealment conditions, and interference factors.

8. The method for site selection and planning of new airports based on bird strike risk prevention according to claim 4, characterized in that: The indicator layers include land use type, vegetation type, soil type, rivers and lakes, relative water depth, and urban roads.

9. The application of the bird strike risk prevention-based new airport site selection planning method as described in any one of claims 1-8 in the site selection of new airports.

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