High-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna and a manufacturing method thereof, and the antenna comprises a radiation unit which comprises main body antennas which are arranged in a segmented manner, and the adjacent main body antennas are connected through an S-shaped impedance wire; the beam width is expanded and the gain is improved through the synergistic effect of the main body antenna and the S-shaped impedance wire; the reflecting plates are arranged on the back surface of the radiation unit at intervals, and the reflecting plates are used for reflecting signals radiated backwards by the radiation unit to the front so as to enhance the radiation intensity of the antenna in the front and improve the directionality and gain of the antenna; and the radiating unit and the reflecting plate are arranged on the total substrate. Through the synergistic effect of the main body antenna and the S-shaped impedance routing and the reflection enhancement of the reflecting plate, high gain is realized, the beam width is expanded, and the requirements of efficient and stable communication between vehicles and the surrounding environment in an intelligent traffic system are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna and a manufacturing method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems, V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) technology has become a key to realizing intelligent transportation. V2X technology enables vehicles to interact with the surrounding environment (such as other vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, etc.) to improve traffic safety, efficiency, and provide various intelligent services. As an important part of the V2X communication system, the performance of the antenna directly affects the communication quality and coverage.

[0003] Currently, there are some problems with V2X antennas on the market. Some antennas, in order to achieve high gain, often use designs with strong directivity, but the beam width is narrow, which makes it easy to appear communication blind area in some complex traffic scenarios, such as vehicle turning at intersections, multi-lane driving, etc., unable to timely and comprehensively receive and send information. Some omnidirectional antennas can ensure omnidirectional signal coverage to a certain extent, but the gain is relatively low, resulting in limited communication distance, which cannot meet the long-distance, high-speed communication demand. In actual application, the vehicle driving environment is complex and variable, and the antenna needs to maintain good communication performance in different scenarios, both with enough gain to achieve long-distance communication and with a wide beam to ensure comprehensive signal coverage. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna.

[0004] Therefore, based on years of experience and practice in the relevant industry, the present application proposes a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna and a manufacturing method thereof to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and meet industry needs. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna and a manufacturing method thereof, to solve the deficiencies of existing V2X antennas in terms of gain, beam width, and adaptability to complex scenarios. The present application achieves high gain, widens the beam width, and meets the demand for efficient and stable communication between vehicles and the surrounding environment in intelligent transportation systems through the synergistic effect of the main antenna and the S-shaped impedance trace and the reflection enhancement of the reflector plate.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is achieved by a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna, comprising:

[0007] The radiation unit comprises a main antenna arranged in segments, and adjacent main antennas are connected by S-shaped impedance tracks; the main antenna and the S-shaped impedance tracks work together to widen the beam width and improve the gain;

[0008] The reflection plate is arranged on the back of the radiation unit, and is used to reflect the signals radiated by the radiation unit to the front to enhance the radiation intensity of the antenna in the front, improve the directivity and gain of the antenna;

[0009] The total substrate, the radiation unit and the reflection plate are arranged on the total substrate.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the radiation unit further comprises a radiation substrate, the main antenna and the S-shaped impedance tracks are etched on the radiation substrate, and one end of the radiation substrate is connected to the total substrate.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the reflection plate is arranged at a first angle with the total substrate, the radiation substrate is arranged at a second angle with the total substrate, and the reflection plate is arranged at a third angle with the radiation substrate.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the total substrate and the radiation substrate are made of FR-4 material.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the main antenna comprises a first antenna segment and a second antenna segment, and the first antenna segment and the second antenna segment are arranged in a rectangular shape on the radiation substrate.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the width of the first antenna segment is different from the width of the second antenna segment, and the length of the first antenna segment is different from the length of the second antenna segment.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the surface of the reflection plate is coated with a copper layer, and a reflection pattern unit is etched on the copper layer.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the reflection plate is made of FR-4 material.

[0017] The purpose of the application can also be achieved by a manufacturing method of a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna, comprising: making a main antenna and an S-shaped impedance track on a radiation substrate to form a radiation unit, and fixing the radiation unit on a total substrate; making a reflecting plate and fixing it on the total substrate, the reflecting plate being arranged on the back of the radiation unit; testing the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna using a test device, and fine-tuning the radiation unit or the reflecting plate according to the test results until the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna meets the performance requirements.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the application, the reflecting plate is fixed on the total substrate by wave soldering.

[0019] As described above, the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna and its manufacturing method have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) High gain: through the synergistic effect of the main antenna and the S-shaped impedance track and the reflection enhancement of the reflecting plate, the antenna of the application can achieve high gain, compared with the traditional V2X antenna, the gain in the main direction is increased by 2-3 dB, effectively increasing the communication distance, and stable V2X communication can be realized in a farther range.

[0021] (2) Wide beam: the specially designed S-shaped impedance track makes the antenna have a wide beam width in the horizontal direction. In the horizontal direction, the 3dB beam width can reach 180°, which can cover a wider angle range, reduce the communication blind area, and adapt to the communication needs of vehicles in complex traffic scenes.

[0022] (3) Good directivity: the setting of the reflecting plate makes the antenna have obvious directivity, which concentrates the signal to the front specific area, reduces the interference to other directions, and improves the transmission efficiency and anti-interference ability of the signal.

[0023] (4) High stability: the use of high-quality total substrate and reasonable circuit design makes the antenna maintain stable performance under different environmental temperature, humidity and vibration conditions during vehicle driving, ensuring the reliability of V2X communication. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the application, and do not limit the scope of the application. Among them:

[0025] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the application.

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the radiation unit of the application.

[0027] Figure 3 Use state diagram of high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the present application.

[0028] Figure 4 Radiation pattern of high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the present application in horizontal direction at 5.85GHz frequency point.

[0029] Figure 5 Radiation pattern of high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the present application in horizontal direction at 5.9GHz frequency point.

[0030] Figure 6 Radiation pattern of high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the present application in horizontal direction at 5.915GHz frequency point.

[0031] Figure 7 Radiation pattern of high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the present application in horizontal direction at 5.925GHz frequency point.

[0032] Figure 8 Mounting diagram of reflector plate and radiation unit in embodiment 3 of the present application.

[0033] Figure 9 Gain diagram of embodiment 3.

[0034] Figure 10 Standing wave ratio diagram of embodiment 3.

[0035] In the figure:

[0036] 1, first antenna segment; 2, second antenna segment; 3, S-shaped impedance trace; 4, reflector plate; 5, total substrate; 6, radiation substrate; 7, radiation unit; 8, high-precision navigation antenna; 9, zinc base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present application, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present application described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of alternative ways of practicing the present application based on the teaching disclosed herein, all of which are encompassed within the scope of the present application. It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements can also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements can also be present. The terms "mounted", "connected", "connected" should be interpreted broadly, for example, can be mechanical connection or electrical connection, can be internal connection of two elements, can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances by those skilled in the art. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate the only implementation.

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description herein is for describing the specific embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0040] Embodiment 1: As shown in the figure, the present application provides a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna, comprising: Figure 1

[0041] Radiating unit 7, comprising a segmented main antenna, adjacent main antennas are connected by S-shaped impedance traces 3, S-shaped impedance traces 3 can change the trace direction, not only along the direction of the main antenna, but also perpendicular to the direction of the main antenna, the different direction of the trace form can change the current distribution; through the synergistic effect of the main antenna and the S-shaped impedance trace 3, the beam width is widened and the gain is improved; the radiating unit 7 adopts a specially designed antenna structure form, the S-shaped impedance trace 3 can effectively connect the adjacent two main antennas, and the different direction of the trace form can change the current distribution, so as to adjust the radiation characteristics of the antenna, enhance the radiation effect, widen the beam width and improve the gain.

[0042] As shown in the figure, the present application provides a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna, comprising: Figure 4 The horizontal direction radiation pattern of the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna 5.85GHz frequency point of the present application, from the figure, the 3dB beam width is about 180°; as shown in the figure, the present application provides a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna, comprising: Figure 5 ​The radiation pattern of the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the application at 5.9GHz frequency point in the horizontal direction, as can be seen from the figure, the 3dB beam width is about 180°; as Figure 6 The radiation pattern of the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the application at 5.915GHz frequency point in the horizontal direction, as can be seen from the figure, the 3dB beam width is about 180°; as Figure 7 The radiation pattern of the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the application at 5.925GHz frequency point in the horizontal direction, as can be seen from the figure, the 3dB beam width is about 180°; the beam width is effectively widened.

[0043] The reflector plate 4 is arranged at the back of the radiation unit 7, and the reflector plate 4 is used to reflect the signals radiated by the radiation unit 7 to the front to enhance the radiation intensity of the antenna in the front, improve the directivity and gain of the antenna;

[0044] The total substrate 5, the radiation unit 7 and the reflector plate 4 are all arranged on the total substrate 5. The thickness of the total substrate 5 is accurately calculated and optimized to ensure that the antenna has good electrical and mechanical properties. When the thickness of the total substrate 5 is determined, the performance is measured: when the thickness of the total substrate 5 is 0.8mm, it is easy to bend after long-time vibration; when the thickness of the total substrate 5 is 1.0mm, the performance is moderate; when the thickness of the total substrate 5 is 1.6mm, the cost is high and is not suitable for application. Therefore, preferably, the thickness of the total substrate 5 is 1.0mm.

[0045] The use of high-quality total substrate 5 and reasonable circuit design enables the antenna to maintain stable performance under different environmental temperatures, humidity and vibration during vehicle driving, etc., ensuring the reliability of V2X communication.

[0046] Further, the radiation unit 7 further comprises a radiation substrate 6, and the main antenna and the S-shaped impedance trace 3 (i.e. antenna line) are etched on the radiation substrate 6, and one end of the radiation substrate 6 is connected to the total substrate 5.

[0047] Further, the reflector plate 4 and the total substrate 5 are arranged at a first included angle, the radiation substrate 6 and the total substrate 5 are arranged at a second included angle, and the reflector plate 4 and the radiation substrate 6 are arranged at a third included angle. In this embodiment, the first included angle, the second included angle and the third included angle are all 90° (i.e. perpendicular).

[0048] Further, the total substrate 5 and the radiation substrate 6 are made of FR-4 (Flame Retardant 4) material. FR-4 is a flame-retardant material commonly used in fields with high requirements for flame-retardant properties such as electronic devices and circuit boards.

[0049] Further, as Figure 2As shown, the main antenna comprises a first antenna segment 1 and a second antenna segment 2, which are respectively arranged in a rectangular shape on the radiation substrate 6. The number of segments of the main antenna can be determined according to actual needs. Through the synergistic effect of the main antenna and the S-shaped impedance trace 3 and the reflection enhancement of the reflection plate 4, the antenna of the present application can achieve higher gain. Compared with the traditional V2X antenna, the gain in the main direction is increased by 2-3 dB, effectively increasing the communication distance, and stable V2X communication can be realized in a farther range.

[0050] Further, the width dimension W1 of the first antenna segment 1 and the width dimension W2 of the second antenna segment 2 are arranged differently; the length dimension L1 of the first antenna segment 1 and the length dimension L2 of the second antenna segment 2 are arranged differently, that is, the main antenna is a two-segment rectangular structure with different thicknesses and lengths, which can ensure that the antenna has the characteristics similar to an omnidirectional antenna.

[0051] Further, the surface of the reflection plate 4 is coated with a copper layer, and the copper layer is etched with a reflection pattern unit (or called reflection line). The arrangement of the reflection plate 4 makes the antenna have obvious directivity, concentrates the signal to the front specific area, reduces the interference to other directions, and improves the signal transmission efficiency and anti-interference ability.

[0052] Further, the reflection plate 4 is made of FR-4 material.

[0053] The shape of the reflection plate 4 is rectangular, and the size of the reflection plate 4 is the same as the overall size of the radiation substrate 6 of the radiation unit 7.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present application, a PCB (printed circuit board) is made by a printing process; the copper foil on the PCB is etched into the lines of the radiation unit 7 and the patterns or lines of the reflection plate 4 by an etching process.

[0055] Embodiment 2: The present application also provides a manufacturing method of a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna, comprising: making a main antenna and an S-shaped impedance trace 3 on a radiation substrate 6 to form a radiation unit 7, and fixing the radiation unit 7 on a total substrate 5; making a reflection plate 4 and fixing it on the total substrate 5, the reflection plate 4 being arranged on the back of the radiation unit 7; using a test device to test the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna, and according to the test results, fine-tuning the radiation unit 7 or the reflection plate 4 until the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna meets the performance requirements.

[0056] Specifically, the following steps can be implemented: Fabrication of radiating element 7: First, according to the design dimensions, the main antenna (first antenna segment 1, second antenna segment 2) and S-shaped impedance trace 3 are fabricated on the radiating substrate 6 using an etching process. The radiating substrate 6 has a size of 40*10mm, which is determined based on the optimized design. The second antenna segment 2 serves as both part of the main antenna and a microstrip line connecting the radiating element 7 to the overall substrate 5. The width and length of the microstrip line have also been precisely calculated.

[0057] Installation of reflector 4: The fabricated FR-4 reflector 4 is fixed to the main substrate 5 by wave soldering, ensuring that the distance (first gap) between the reflector 4 and the radiation unit 7 meets the design requirements to achieve the best reflection effect.

[0058] Overall Assembly and Testing: The radiating element 7 and the reflector 4 are assembled together to form a complete antenna structure. Then, the antenna performance is tested using testing equipment such as a vector network analyzer, including parameters such as VSWR, gain, and beamwidth. Based on the test results, the antenna is fine-tuned, such as adjusting the size of the radiating element 7 and the spacing between the reflector 4 and the radiating element 7, until the antenna performance meets the design requirements.

[0059] The usage status of the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna of the present invention is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this figure is a schematic diagram of a specific usage state of the present invention.

[0060] Example 3: As Figure 8 As shown, the side spacing 'a' between the reflector 4 and the radiating element 7 is 6.2 mm. The lengths of the S-shaped impedance trace 3 along the main antenna direction are b, c, and d, where b = c = d = 3.6 mm. The corresponding gain is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, standing waves, for example Figure 10 As shown, the performance is significantly improved compared to conventional antenna structures.

[0061] The gain data for different side spacing 'a' are as follows:

[0062]

[0063] The length of S-type impedance trace 3 along the direction of the main antenna (trace spacing) Figure 8 The dimensions of b, c, and d in the table below were used to measure the effect on beamwidth widening.

[0064]

[0065] The above description is merely an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain, wide-beam directional V2X antenna, characterized in that, include: The radiating element includes segmented main antennas, with adjacent main antennas connected by S-shaped impedance traces; the synergistic effect of the main antennas and the S-shaped impedance traces widens the beamwidth and increases the gain. A reflector is spaced apart on the back of the radiating element. The reflector is used to reflect the signal radiated by the radiating element to the front to enhance the radiation intensity of the antenna in front and improve the antenna's directivity and gain. The main substrate, the radiating unit and the reflector are both disposed on the main substrate.

2. The high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating unit also includes a radiating substrate, on which the main antenna and the S-shaped impedance trace are etched, and one end of the radiating substrate is connected to the main substrate.

3. The high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The reflector and the main substrate are arranged at a first angle, the radiating substrate and the main substrate are arranged at a second angle, and the reflector and the radiating substrate are arranged at a third angle.

4. The high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The main substrate and the radiating substrate are made of FR-4 material.

5. The high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The main antenna includes a first antenna segment and a second antenna segment, which are respectively rectangularly arranged on the radiating substrate.

6. The high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The width of the first antenna segment is different from that of the second antenna segment; the length of the first antenna segment is different from that of the second antenna segment.

7. The high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The surface of the reflector is covered with a copper layer, and the copper layer is etched with reflective pattern units.

8. The high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The reflector is made of FR-4 material.

9. A method for manufacturing a high-gain, wide-beam directional V2X antenna, characterized in that, include: The main antenna and S-shaped impedance traces are fabricated on the radiating substrate to form a radiating element, and the radiating element is fixed on the main substrate. A reflector is fabricated and fixed to the main substrate, the reflectors being spaced apart on the back of the radiating unit; The high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna was tested using testing equipment. Based on the test results, the radiating element or the reflector was fine-tuned until the high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna met the performance requirements.

10. The method for manufacturing a high-gain wide-beam directional V2X antenna as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The reflector is fixed to the main substrate by wave soldering.

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