Experimental device and method for simulating optimization of shale fan-shaped well pattern under high temperature and high pressure environment

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of physical simulation technology of oil and gas reservoir development, and relates to an experimental device and method for simulating optimization of shale fan-shaped well pattern under high temperature and high pressure environment, comprising: a high temperature and high pressure chamber, a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model, a fan-shaped well pattern, a fluid injection assembly, a saturation and pressure monitoring assembly, and a temperature control assembly. The device pumps kerosene into the high temperature and high pressure chamber through the fluid injection assembly to achieve a high pressure environment, and the fan-shaped well pattern is arranged on the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model, with fractures set in the horizontal well section, and fluid injected through the central vertical well section. Real-time data is collected through the saturation and pressure monitoring assembly, and the high temperature and high pressure formation environment is simulated in combination with the temperature control assembly, so as to optimize the fan-shaped well pattern spacing, horizontal section length and fracture number. The present application can effectively simulate the fluid migration law under the complex well pattern structure of shale reservoirs, and provide an optimized design basis for shale gas development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of experimental equipment technology, and relates to an experimental device and method for simulating the optimization of shale sector well patterns under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Shale oil, as an important unconventional oil and gas resource, is of great significance to ensuring energy security. Horizontal well volumetric fracturing technology is a core means of efficient shale oil development. However, due to the unique topography of the Loess Plateau (interlacing plateaus, ridges, and mounds) and environmentally sensitive areas such as forest edges and water source areas, traditional regular well network layouts are difficult to implement in specific regions, resulting in limited reserve utilization efficiency. Shale reservoirs are typically located in high-temperature and high-pressure environments and exhibit significant heterogeneity. Reservoir characteristics have a significant impact on fluid seepage patterns, fracture propagation morphology, and development effectiveness. Therefore, researching novel well layout methods that can overcome geographical constraints and optimize well network parameters to maximize reserve utilization under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions is crucial for improving the efficiency of shale oil development. The fan-shaped well network, as an innovative well layout method, aims to achieve efficient utilization of platform reserves by optimizing wellbore layout and fracture design.

[0003] Currently, research on shale oil and gas well pattern optimization is mainly conducted through numerical simulation and laboratory physical simulation. Numerical simulation is flexible and allows for large-scale parameter screening, but its results depend on the accuracy of geological and flow mechanics models, making it difficult to fully characterize the complex heterogeneity and fracture network characteristics of shale reservoirs. Furthermore, existing research lacks systematic studies on fan-shaped well pattern parameters (horizontal well section length, angle spacing, and number of fractures), as well as high-precision real-time monitoring methods for the spatiotemporal distribution of key parameters such as saturation and pressure, making it difficult to comprehensively assess the impact of well pattern optimization on reserve utilization efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive experimental device and method that can deploy adjustable fan-shaped well patterns under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, combined with a heterogeneous physical model, and monitor the dynamic distribution of key parameters in real time to intuitively evaluate the well pattern optimization effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental apparatus and method for simulating the optimization of shale sector well patterns under high temperature and high pressure conditions. This apparatus can effectively simulate the fluid seepage characteristics of shale reservoirs under high temperature and high pressure conditions, optimize the design parameters of sector well patterns, and evaluate the impact of different well pattern parameters on reservoir development efficiency, thereby providing a scientific basis for the efficient development of shale gas.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for simulating shale sector well pattern optimization under high temperature and high pressure conditions, as follows:

[0006] An experimental apparatus for simulating the optimization of shale sector well patterns under high temperature and high pressure conditions includes:

[0007] The high-temperature and high-pressure chamber is horizontally set up and has a closed structure. The interior is used to place heterogeneous semi-cylindrical models.

[0008] A heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model is set up inside a high-temperature and high-pressure chamber to simulate the characteristics of shale reservoirs. A fan-shaped well network is arranged on the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model. The fan-shaped well network includes vertical well sections and multiple horizontal well sections. The horizontal well sections are provided with fractures that communicate with the horizontal well sections.

[0009] The pressurization component, connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber, is used to inject pressurized kerosene into the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber, so that the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model is in a high-pressure environment.

[0010] The fluid injection assembly, connected to the vertical well section, is used to inject pressurized simulated formation fluid into a fan-shaped well pattern to simulate formation fluid seepage.

[0011] The data acquisition system, set up on a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model, is used to collect and record in real time the saturation and pressure distribution data of the sector well network under simulated high temperature and high pressure environment.

[0012] Temperature control components are installed on the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber to regulate the internal temperature of the chamber, thereby simulating the high-temperature environment of the formation.

[0013] The data processing system, connected to the data acquisition system, is used to receive and analyze the saturation and pressure distribution data of the sector well network in real time under simulated high temperature and high pressure environment, so as to obtain the spatiotemporal distribution law of the optimized sector well network.

[0014] The invention is further characterized by:

[0015] The pressurization assembly includes: a kerosene storage tank, located on one side of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber, which is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber via a first inlet pipe, and contains kerosene; and a first horizontal flow pump, whose output end is connected to the kerosene storage tank, for pressurizing the interior of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber.

[0016] The fluid injection assembly includes: a piston-type intermediate container, located on one side of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber, which is connected to the vertical well section through a second inlet pipe, and stores simulated formation fluid inside the piston-type intermediate container; and a second horizontal flow pump, whose output end is connected to the piston-type intermediate container, for pressurizing the inside of the piston-type intermediate container.

[0017] The data acquisition system includes: multiple saturation and pressure measuring points, set on a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model; a first saturation monitor, a second saturation monitor, a first pressure distribution monitor, and a second pressure distribution monitor, which are connected to the saturation and pressure measuring points respectively via high-temperature resistant data cables, for collecting saturation and pressure data.

[0018] The temperature control components include: a heating wire installed inside the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber; a temperature detection device installed inside the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber; and a temperature control panel electrically connected to the heating wire and the temperature detection device, used to regulate the internal temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber.

[0019] The data processing system includes a saturation monitoring system and a pressure distribution monitoring system, which are connected to the first saturation monitor, the second saturation monitor, the first pressure distribution monitor, and the second pressure distribution monitor via data cables, respectively, for real-time reception, storage, display, and analysis of saturation and pressure distribution data.

[0020] An experimental method for simulating the optimization of shale sector well patterns under high temperature and high pressure conditions includes the following steps:

[0021] The fan-shaped well pattern is placed inside a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model and connected to a data acquisition system via a high-temperature resistant data cable. The heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model is then installed inside a high-temperature and high-pressure chamber, and the internal temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber is adjusted to simulate the formation temperature using a temperature control component.

[0022] Simulated formation fluids are injected into the fan-shaped well network through a fluid injection component, and kerosene is injected into the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber through a pressurization component.

[0023] The saturation and pressure distribution data of the sector well network are collected and recorded in real time by the data acquisition system, and the saturation and pressure distribution data of the sector well network are analyzed in real time by the data processing system. The simulation experiment ends when the experimental date is reached.

[0024] The heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model after the simulation experiment was analyzed, and its saturation and pressure distribution data were processed to obtain the spatiotemporal distribution law of the optimized sector well network.

[0025] The experimental apparatus and method for simulating shale sector well pattern optimization under high temperature and high pressure conditions, as described in this invention, have the following advantages:

[0026] First, by coordinating a high-temperature and high-pressure chamber, a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model, a pressurization component, a fluid injection component, a temperature control component, a data acquisition system, and a data processing system, pressurized kerosene can be injected into the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber through the pressurization component to simulate the high-pressure environment of the formation. Pressurized simulated formation fluid can be injected into the fan-shaped well network through the fluid injection component to simulate formation fluid seepage. The temperature control component can adjust the internal temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber to simulate the high-temperature environment of the formation. This effectively simulates and analyzes the water saturation law of the fan-shaped well network in shale reservoirs under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, providing more effective experimental research for the optimization of the fan-shaped well network.

[0027] Secondly, by combining a high-temperature and high-pressure chamber with a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model, the high-temperature and high-pressure environment and heterogeneous characteristics of shale reservoirs can be accurately simulated. Combined with adjustable fan-shaped well network parameters, a real experimental platform can be provided for well network optimization in restricted terrains (such as the Loess Plateau region of the Ordos Basin).

[0028] Third, by precisely deploying saturation and pressure measuring points and a real-time data acquisition system, the evolution of the seepage field is dynamically captured, and the impact of well network parameters on reservoir utilization is quantified.

[0029] Fourth, the device has a modular structure and standardized operation, which can reproduce development scenarios under different geological conditions (such as the Qingcheng Chang 7 shale oil), supporting scientific well placement decisions.

[0030] Fifth, the experimental device of this invention has a simple structure, reasonable design, and easy operation, and can simulate the characteristics of shale reservoirs under high temperature and high pressure environments. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 The semi-cylindrical model provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 The saturation field feature map provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Reference numerals: 1. First horizontal flow pump; 2. Second horizontal flow pump; 3. Piston-type intermediate container; 4. Piston; 5. Kerosene tank; 6. Upper valve of piston-type intermediate container; 7. Lower valve of piston-type intermediate container; 8. Second pressure gauge; 9. Safety valve; 10. First pressure gauge; 11. Kerosene inlet; 12. Heating wire; 13. Temperature detection device; 14. Temperature control panel; 15. Kerosene outlet; 16. Pressure relief valve; 17. Kerosene collection outlet; 18. Horizontal 19. Well section; 20. Vertical well section; 21. Saturation measuring point; 22. Pressure measuring point; 23. Pressure monitoring system; 24. Saturation monitoring system; 25. First pressure detector; 26. Second pressure detector; 27. Second saturation detector; 28. First inlet pipe; 30. Fluid inlet pipeline; 31. High temperature and high pressure chamber; 32. High temperature resistant data cable; 33. Semi-cylindrical model; 36. Fracture; 37. Data acquisition line. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, this invention provides an experimental apparatus for simulating the optimization of shale fan-shaped well patterns under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The apparatus includes a high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31, a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33, a pressurization component, a fluid injection component, a data acquisition system, a temperature control component, and a data processing system. The high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31 is horizontally positioned and has a closed structure, housing the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33. The heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33, with a radius of 50 cm and a thickness of 5 cm, is made of materials with different permeabilities to simulate the heterogeneous characteristics of shale reservoirs. A fan-shaped well pattern is arranged on the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33, comprising vertical well sections 19 and 3-4 horizontal well sections. The length of each horizontal well section is 35 cm-45 cm, and the spacing between horizontal well sections is 10°-30°. Each horizontal well section has 2-6 fractures 36. The pressurization assembly is connected to the high-temperature, high-pressure chamber 31. The pressurization assembly injects pressurized kerosene into the high-temperature, high-pressure chamber 31, placing the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33 in a high-pressure environment. The fluid injection assembly is connected to the vertical well section 19. The fluid injection assembly injects pressurized simulated formation fluid into the fan-shaped well network to simulate formation fluid seepage. The data acquisition system is installed on the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33. The data acquisition system is used to collect and record the saturation and pressure distribution data of the fan-shaped well network in real time under the simulated high-temperature, high-pressure environment. The temperature control assembly is installed on the high-temperature, high-pressure chamber 31. The temperature control assembly is used to regulate the internal temperature of the high-temperature, high-pressure chamber 31, thereby simulating the high-temperature environment of the formation. The data processing system is connected to the data acquisition system. The data processing system is used to receive and analyze the saturation and pressure distribution data of the sector well network under simulated high temperature and high pressure environment in real time, so as to obtain the distribution law of optimized sector well network. Thus, through the cooperation of the high temperature and high pressure chamber 31, heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33, pressurization component, fluid injection component, data acquisition system, temperature control component and data processing system, the saturation and pressure distribution law of shale reservoir sector well network under high temperature and high pressure environment can be effectively simulated and analyzed, so as to provide more effective experimental research for sector well network optimization.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the pressurization assembly includes a kerosene storage tank 5, a first horizontal flow pump 1, and a first pressure gauge 10. The kerosene storage tank 5 is located on one side of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31 and is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31. The kerosene storage tank 5 stores kerosene. The output end of the first horizontal flow pump 1 is connected to the kerosene storage tank 5. The first horizontal flow pump 1 is used to pressurize the inside of the kerosene storage tank 5, so that the kerosene in the kerosene storage tank 5 can be injected into the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31, and the kerosene can maintain a certain pressure in the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31. The first pressure gauge 10 is installed on the first inlet pipe and is used to detect the pressure in the first inlet pipe.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the fluid injection assembly includes a piston-type intermediate container 3 and a second horizontal flow pump 2. The piston-type intermediate container 3 is located on one side of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31. The piston-type intermediate container 3 is connected to the vertical well section 19 through the inlet pipe 30. The piston-type intermediate container 3 stores simulated formation fluid. The output end of the second horizontal flow pump 2 is connected to the piston-type intermediate container 3. The second horizontal flow pump 2 is used to pressurize the inside of the piston-type intermediate container 3, so that the simulated formation fluid in the piston-type intermediate container 3 is injected into the fan-shaped well network, and the simulated formation fluid maintains a certain pressure in the fan-shaped well network.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the temperature control component includes a heating wire 12, a temperature detection device 13, and a temperature control screen 14. The temperature inside the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31 is adjusted by the heating wire 12 and the temperature detection device 13 in conjunction with the temperature control screen 14.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the data acquisition system includes 16 saturation measurement points, 16 pressure measurement points, a first saturation monitor 24, a second saturation monitor 25, a first pressure distribution monitor 26, and a second pressure distribution monitor 27. The saturation measurement point 21 is set at positions with radii of 15cm, 25cm, 35cm, and 45cm on the upper semi-circular surface of the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33. The pressure measurement point 20 is set at positions with radii of 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, and 40cm on the upper semi-circular surface of the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33. The first saturation monitor 24, the second saturation monitor 25, the first pressure distribution monitor 26, and the second pressure distribution monitor 27 are connected to the saturation measurement point 21 and the pressure measurement point 20 respectively via a high-temperature resistant data cable 32 for real-time acquisition of saturation and pressure data.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the data processing system includes a saturation monitoring system 22 and a pressure distribution monitoring system 23. The saturation monitoring system 22 and the pressure distribution monitoring system 23 are respectively connected to the first saturation monitor 24, the second saturation monitor 25, the first pressure distribution monitor 26, and the second pressure distribution monitor 27 via data cables 37, for real-time reception, storage, display, and analysis of saturation and pressure distribution data.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31 has a liquid inlet located near the vertical well section 19. One end of the liquid inlet pipe 30 is connected to the liquid inlet, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe 30 is connected to the piston-type intermediate container 3. A first valve is installed on the liquid inlet pipe 30, and a second pressure gauge is installed on the liquid inlet pipe 30. The second pressure gauge is used to detect the pressure inside the liquid inlet pipe 30 and feeds back the detected pressure information to the data processing system. After receiving the pressure information, the data processing system converts it into a pressure value and displays it in real time, thereby monitoring the pressure inside the liquid inlet pipe 30 in real time.

[0043] The pressure range applied by the first advection pump 1 is 10MPa to 80MPa, so that the simulated pressure of the entire device is 10MPa to 80MPa, and the temperature range applied by the temperature control component is 50℃ to 150℃.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also provides an experimental method for simulating the optimization of shale sector well patterns under high temperature and high pressure conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Optimization parameters are selected, including the length of horizontal well sections, the spacing between horizontal well sections, and the number of fractures. A fan-shaped well pattern is constructed based on these parameters. The fan-shaped well pattern includes one vertical well section 19 and 3-4 horizontal well sections. Two to six fractures 36 are installed on each horizontal well section, and the vertical well section 19 is connected to the horizontal well sections. The fan-shaped well pattern is placed inside a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33. The heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33 has a radius of 50 cm and a thickness of 5 cm, and is filled with a porous medium material simulating a shale reservoir. The heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33 is installed inside a high-temperature, high-pressure chamber 31, and the temperature is adjusted to simulate the formation. Temperature; simulated formation fluids are injected into the fan-shaped well network through a fluid injection component, and kerosene is injected into the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31 through a pressurization component; the saturation and pressure distribution data of the fan-shaped well network are collected and recorded in real time through a data acquisition system, and the saturation and pressure distribution data of the fan-shaped well network are analyzed in real time through a data processing system. When the experimental date is reached, the simulation experiment ends; the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33 after the simulation experiment is completed is analyzed, and its saturation and pressure distribution data are processed to draw a water saturation field information data map with a collection time of 24 hours, so as to obtain the distribution law of the fan-shaped well network.

[0046] The simulated formation fluid is a prepared formation aqueous solution. The injected fluid in this invention can be adjusted according to requirements, including formation fluids with different salinity, which has important research value for studying the optimization of shale sector well patterns.

[0047] During the process of collecting and recording the saturation and pressure distribution data of the sector well network, simulated formation fluid was injected into the sector well network through a fluid injection component at an injection pressure of 10 MPa.

[0048] When conducting a simulation experiment:

[0049] Optimization parameters are selected, including the length of horizontal well sections, the spacing between horizontal well sections, and the number of fractures. The length of the horizontal well section is 35cm to 45cm, the spacing between horizontal well sections is 10° to 30°, and the number of fractures is 2 to 6. A fan-shaped well pattern is constructed based on the selected optimization parameters. The fan-shaped well pattern includes one vertical well section 19 and 3 to 4 horizontal well sections, with 2 to 6 fractures 36 on each horizontal well section. The fan-shaped well pattern is placed within a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33, which has a radius of 50cm and a thickness of 5cm, and is based on a simulated shale reservoir. The material is filled with a porous medium. A heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33 is installed in a high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31. Sixteen saturation measuring points 21 and sixteen pressure measuring points 20 are set on the upper semi-circular surface of the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33. The saturation measuring points 21 are located at radii of 15cm, 25cm, 35cm, and 45cm, and the pressure measuring points 20 are located at radii of 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, and 40cm. The temperature of the temperature control panel 14 is adjusted to the simulated formation temperature so that the simulated formation is maintained at 50℃~150℃.

[0050] The formation aqueous solution is injected into the piston-type intermediate container 3 as a simulated formation fluid. Kerosene is injected from the kerosene storage tank 5 into the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31. The first valve on the inlet pipe 30, the piston-type intermediate container 3, and the second horizontal flow pump 2 are opened. The simulated formation fluid in the piston-type intermediate container 3 is pressurized and injected into the fan-shaped well network. The first valve on the first inlet pipe, the kerosene storage tank 5, and the first horizontal flow pump 1 are opened. The kerosene in the kerosene storage tank 5 is pressurized and injected into the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber 31. The pressure in the first inlet pipe and the inlet pipe 30 is monitored in real time by the first pressure gauge 10 and the second pressure gauge.

[0051] The saturation and pressure distribution data are collected in real time by the first saturation monitor 24, the second saturation monitor 25, the first pressure distribution monitor 26, and the second pressure distribution monitor 27, and transmitted to the saturation monitoring system 22 and the pressure distribution monitoring system 23 for real-time display. The saturation and pressure distribution data of the fan-shaped well network are collected and recorded. During this process, simulated formation fluid is injected into the fan-shaped well network through the second advection pump 2 and the piston intermediate container 3 at an injection pressure of 10 MPa. The simulation experiment ends when the experimental date is reached.

[0052] The heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model 33 after the simulation experiment was analyzed, and a data map of water saturation field information collected over a period of 24 hours was plotted. The saturation and pressure distribution data were then processed to obtain the distribution law of the optimized sector well network.

[0053] The present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] Based on the method provided in this invention, the saturation field characteristics under different horizontal well section lengths in a fan-shaped well network of shale reservoirs were experimentally studied. The three-dimensional heterogeneous physical model used in the experiment was a semi-circular flat plate structure with a radius of 50 cm and a thickness of 5 cm. The experimental temperature was set at 60℃, and the pressure in the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber was controlled at 20 MPa. Horizontal well sections with lengths of 35 cm, 40 cm, and 45 cm were respectively set on a flat plate model. The 35 cm fracture was located 17.5 cm from its center, and similarly, the 40 cm and 45 cm fractures were located 20 cm and 22.5 cm from their centers, respectively. The horizontal well section spacing was 30°, and the number of fractures was fixed at 2, with a fracture length of 4 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a height of 1 cm (e.g., ...). Figure 2 (As shown). During the experiment, simulated formation aqueous solution was injected through a central vertical well at an injection pressure of 10 MPa. Saturation and pressure data were collected in real time to obtain a saturation field map (as shown). Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this was used to evaluate the fluid migration characteristics and development response effects under different well section lengths.

[0056] It is understood that the present invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for simulating the optimization of shale sector well patterns under high temperature and high pressure conditions, characterized in that, include: High-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31): horizontally set, with a closed structure, used to place a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33) inside. Heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33): Set inside the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31), with a radius of 50cm and a thickness of 5cm, made of materials with different permeability to simulate the heterogeneous characteristics of shale reservoirs; a fan-shaped well network is arranged on the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33), the fan-shaped well network includes vertical well sections (19) and multiple horizontal well sections (18), and the horizontal well sections (18) are provided with fractures (36) that communicate with the horizontal well sections (18); Pressurization assembly: used to provide a high-pressure environment for the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31), including a first horizontal flow pump (1) and a kerosene storage tank (5); the inlet of the first horizontal flow pump (1) is connected to the kerosene storage tank (5), and the outlet is connected to the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31), used to pump kerosene into the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31) to regulate the pressure; Fluid injection assembly: for injecting simulated formation fluid into the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33), including a second advection pump (2) and a piston intermediate container (3); the outlet of the second advection pump (2) is connected to the inlet of the piston intermediate container (3), and the outlet of the piston intermediate container (3) is connected to the vertical well section (19) through the inlet pipe (30). Data acquisition system: used to acquire model parameters, including multiple saturation measurement points (20), pressure measurement points (21), a first saturation monitor (24), a second saturation monitor (25), a first pressure distribution monitor (26), and a second pressure distribution monitor (27); the saturation measurement points (20) are set at the upper semicircles of the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33) with radii of 15cm, 25cm, 35cm, and 45cm, and the pressure measurement points (21) are set at the upper semicircles with radii of 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, and 40cm. The saturation measurement points (20) are all connected to the first saturation monitor (24) and the second saturation monitor (25) through high-temperature resistant data cables (32); the pressure measurement points (21) are all connected to the first pressure distribution monitor (26) and the second pressure distribution monitor (27) through high-temperature resistant data cables (32). Temperature control components: used to adjust the internal temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31) to simulate the high-temperature environment of the formation, including heating wire (12), temperature detection device (13) and temperature control screen (14). Data processing system: used to process and analyze monitoring data, including saturation monitoring system (22) and pressure distribution monitoring system (23); the saturation monitoring system (22) is connected to the first saturation monitor (24) and the second saturation monitor (25) respectively via data cable (37), and the pressure distribution monitoring system (23) is connected to the first pressure distribution monitor (26) and the second pressure distribution monitor (27) respectively via data cable (37); The number of horizontal well sections (18) in the fan-shaped well network is 3 to 4, the length of the horizontal well section (18) is 35cm to 45cm, the spacing of the horizontal well sections (18) is 10° to 30°, and the number of fractures in the horizontal well section (18) is 2 to 6. The length of the horizontal well section (18), the spacing of the horizontal well section (18), and the number of fractures in the horizontal well section (18) are adjusted according to experimental requirements. The fracture is 4cm long, 1cm wide, and 1cm high. The vertical well section (19) is located at the center of the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33), and the fluid injection component is connected to the vertical well section (19) through the inlet pipe (30) to inject simulated formation fluid into the fan-shaped well network. The pressurization assembly also includes a safety valve (9) and a first pressure gauge (10); the first horizontal flow pump (1) regulates the internal pressure of the high temperature and high pressure chamber (31) by injecting kerosene, with a pressure range of 10MPa to 80MPa.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating shale sector well pattern optimization under high temperature and high pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of saturation measuring points (20) and pressure measuring points (21) are both 16, and they are evenly distributed on the upper semi-circular surface of the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33).

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating shale sector well pattern optimization under high temperature and high pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control component, in conjunction with the heating wire (12) and temperature detection device (13) and the temperature control screen (14), adjusts the internal temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31) to 50°C to 150°C.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating shale sector well pattern optimization under high temperature and high pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing system is connected to the data acquisition system via a data cable (37) and is used to receive, store, display and analyze the data collected by the saturation monitoring system (22) and the pressure distribution monitoring system (23) in real time.

5. An experimental method for simulating the optimization of shale sector well patterns under high temperature and high pressure conditions, characterized in that, The experimental setup for simulating shale sector well pattern optimization under high temperature and high pressure conditions, as described in claim 1, includes the following steps: Select optimization parameters, including well length, well spacing and number of fractures; make a fan-shaped well network according to the selected parameters, the fan-shaped well network including a vertical well section (19) and multiple horizontal well sections (18), with fractures (36) set on the horizontal well section (18), and the fractures (36) connected to the horizontal well section (18); The fan-shaped well pattern is placed inside a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33), which has a radius of 50 cm and a thickness of 5 cm and is made of material that simulates shale reservoirs. The heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33) is placed in a high-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31). Saturation measuring points (20) and pressure measuring points (21) are set on the surface of the model. The saturation measuring points (20) are located in the upper semicircles with radii of 15cm, 25cm, 35cm and 45cm. The pressure measuring points (21) are located in the upper semicircles with radii of 10cm, 20cm, 30cm and 40cm. Simulated formation fluid, which is oil or a prepared formation aqueous solution, is injected into a heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33) via a fluid injection assembly. The injection is carried out through a vertical well section (19). The internal temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31) is adjusted to 50℃~150℃ by the temperature control panel (14) of the temperature control component, and the internal pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure chamber (31) is adjusted to 10MPa~80MPa by the pressurization component; The saturation and pressure distribution data of saturation measuring point (20) and pressure measuring point (21) are monitored and recorded in real time by the data acquisition system. The data acquisition is based on a 24-hour acquisition time. The information data of the water saturation field at the corresponding time are plotted into a graph. The distribution law of saturation and pressure under different optimization parameters is analyzed, and the optimization effect of the fan-shaped well network is evaluated.

6. The experimental method for optimizing shale sector well patterns under simulated high temperature and high pressure environments according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filling material of the heterogeneous semi-cylindrical model (33) is a porous medium simulating a shale reservoir, and the simulated formation fluid is a formation aqueous solution. The real-time monitoring saturation and pressure distribution data are collected by the first saturation monitor (24), the second saturation monitor (25), the first pressure distribution monitor (26), and the second pressure distribution monitor (27) and transmitted to the data processing system.

7. The experimental method for optimizing shale sector well patterns under simulated high temperature and high pressure environments according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fluid injection assembly injects simulated formation fluid into the horizontal well section (18) through the vertical well section (19), with the injected fluid volume being 100mL to 500mL; the number of horizontal well sections (18) in the fan-shaped well network is 3 to 4.

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