A lightning protection socket

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of surge protection equipment, and provides a lightning protection socket, which comprises a socket body, a common mode protection circuit and a differential mode protection circuit are arranged on the socket body, two groups of KOV devices with different voltage sensitivities are arranged in the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit, the two groups of KOV devices comprise main protection KOV devices and auxiliary protection KOV devices, the voltage sensitivity of the main protection KOV devices is lower than that of the auxiliary protection KOV devices; a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor are integrated in the socket body, the voltage sensor is used for collecting voltage data of the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit in real time, and the temperature sensor is used for collecting temperature data of the main protection KOV devices and the auxiliary protection KOV devices; a processing module is arranged in the socket body, and the voltage sensitivity change conditions of the main protection KOV devices and the auxiliary protection KOV devices are calculated in real time according to the voltage data collected by the voltage sensor and the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of surge protection equipment, in particular to a lightning protection socket. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the popularity of electronic equipment, the importance of overvoltage protection technology in the field of sockets is increasingly prominent. The traditional lightning protection socket usually uses a single varistor (such as MOV) as a protection device to achieve overvoltage clamping through the varistor voltage threshold. However, such a solution has the following defects:

[0003] 1. Single-stage protection reliability is insufficient: a single protection device is prone to aging and failure after long-term exposure to surge impact, and the failure mode is mostly short circuit, which may cause fire risk;

[0004] 2. Lack of state monitoring and failure response: the traditional socket does not integrate a real-time monitoring module for the protection device, which cannot dynamically evaluate the change of protection performance, nor can it automatically switch to backup protection or issue a warning after device failure;

[0005] 3. Protection strategy is fixed: the protection threshold of the existing solution is fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the aging degree or working condition of the device, resulting in a decrease in protection accuracy over time.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device to solve at least one of the above problems. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application provides a tower crane multi-region fusion perception method and system based on a rotating radar module, aiming to solve the problem that although there is a concept of multi-stage protection circuit (such as common mode and differential mode independent protection) in the prior art, no solution has combined the double KOV devices (main and backup protection) with different varistor voltages and built-in temperature fuses, and realized real-time calculation of varistor characteristics, automatic switching in case of failure and early warning through integrated sensors and processing modules.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a lightning protection socket; comprising:

[0009] a socket body, the socket body is provided with a common mode protection circuit and a differential mode protection circuit, the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit are both provided with two groups of KOV devices with different varistor voltages, the two groups of KOV devices include main protection KOV devices and backup protection KOV devices, the varistor voltage of the main protection KOV devices is lower than that of the backup protection KOV devices, and the main protection KOV devices and the backup protection KOV devices are both provided with built-in temperature fuses;

[0010] The socket body integrates a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor. The voltage sensor is used to collect voltage data of the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit in real time, and the temperature sensor is used to collect temperature data of the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device.

[0011] The socket body is equipped with a processing module, which is electrically connected to a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor. The processing module calculates the changes in the varistor characteristics of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device in real time based on the voltage data collected by the voltage sensor and the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor.

[0012] When the processing module detects that the temperature fuse of the main protection KOV device has failed due to overload triggering an open circuit, the processing module controls the secondary protection KOV device to switch to independent protection mode and issues a protection failure warning through the indicator light on the socket body or the communication module.

[0013] In some embodiments, the thermal fuses of the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device are designed for directional open-circuit failure. When the thermal fuses of the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device are triggered due to overload, they both fail in open-circuit mode. The socket body is also provided with a mechanical tripping device. When both the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device fail, the mechanical tripping device automatically cuts off the power supply.

[0014] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the main protection KOV device or the secondary protection KOV device exceeds a preset threshold due to overload, the thermal fuse is triggered and fails in open circuit mode to prevent short circuit and fire. The mechanical tripping device provided in the socket body is electrically connected to the thermal fuses of the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device. When the processing module detects that the thermal fuses of both the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device have triggered open circuit failure, the mechanical tripping device automatically cuts off the power input circuit of the socket body through the electromagnetic drive mechanism.

[0015] In some embodiments, the triggering conditions of the mechanical tripping device include when the processing module detects that the temperature fuses of both the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device have triggered open circuit failures, and at this time the input voltage of the socket body exceeds a preset proportion of the rated voltage for a preset duration, or when the displacement sensor built into the mechanical tripping device detects that the physical deformation of the main and auxiliary protection devices exceeds a safety threshold, the mechanical tripping device automatically cuts off the power input circuit.

[0016] In some embodiments, the processing module obtains real-time voltage values of the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit, and real-time temperature values of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device in real time; based on a preset voltage-temperature corresponding relationship model, the processing module corrects the theoretical voltage value of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device according to the real-time temperature values, and performs difference calculation with the actual working voltage collected by the voltage sensor to obtain a voltage-sensitive characteristic offset; by continuously recording the change trend of the voltage-sensitive characteristic offset, the processing module judges the aging degree and failure risk level of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device.

[0017] In some embodiments, the processing module judges whether the temperature fuse triggers open-circuit failure by detecting the on-off state of the circuit where the main protection KOV device is located; when confirming that the main protection KOV device fails, the processing module sends a switching instruction to the relay control circuit in the socket body to disconnect the access loop of the main protection KOV device, while keeping the access loop of the auxiliary protection KOV device in a conductive state, so that the auxiliary protection KOV device independently undertakes the overvoltage protection function.

[0018] In some embodiments, when the processing module detects that the main protection KOV device fails, the processing module controls the indicator light on the socket body to flash red light at a preset frequency, and synchronously displays corresponding prompt information on the display screen beside the indicator light; if the socket body is configured with a communication module, the processing module sends early warning information containing the failure type and the failure time to the bound terminal device through the communication module, and the communication module supports Wi-Fi or Bluetooth or wired communication protocol.

[0019] In some embodiments, among the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit, an external adjustable resistance network is connected in parallel between the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device, and the adjustable resistance network is electrically connected with the processing module; the processing module dynamically configures the voltage-sensitive voltage difference between the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device by adjusting the resistance value of the adjustable resistance network according to the real-time collected overvoltage impact data, so that the voltage-sensitive voltage difference between the two is not less than a preset threshold, to control the failure time interval of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device.

[0020] In some embodiments, the processing module pre-stores a failure time interval optimization algorithm, the failure time interval optimization algorithm calculates the theoretical failure time interval of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device under the current working condition based on a preset multi-parameter mathematical model by collecting the impact energy, duration and load current data of the overvoltage in real time; the voltage difference between the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device is dynamically adjusted by a fuzzy control algorithm, so that the actual failure time interval matches the protection requirements of different overvoltage scenarios; for high-frequency small-energy impact, the voltage difference is increased to prolong the failure time interval; for low-frequency large-energy impact, the voltage difference is reduced to shorten the failure time interval.

[0021] In some embodiments, the processing module is built-in with a historical impact database for storing waveform data, impact energy, failure time interval of the main and auxiliary protection KOV devices and change data of the voltage-sensitive characteristics of historical overvoltage impacts; the processing module trains the data in the historical impact database by a machine learning algorithm to generate a failure time interval prediction model for different application scenarios, and optimizes the voltage matching strategy of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device in real time based on the prediction model.

[0022] The embodiment of the application provides a tower crane multi-region fusion perception method and system based on a rotating radar module, two groups of KOV devices (the main protection voltage is lower) with different voltage-sensitive voltages are used to form hierarchical protection, the main protection preferentially responds to overvoltage impact, and the auxiliary protection serves as a backup to prolong the overall protection life; the working voltage and temperature data of the protection device are collected in real time through integrated voltage sensors and temperature sensors, and the voltage-sensitive characteristic change is dynamically calculated through the processing module to accurately evaluate the aging state of the device; when the temperature fuse of the main protection device is open-circuit failed due to overload, the auxiliary protection automatically switches to independent work, and a warning is given through an indicator light or a communication module to avoid complete loss of protection function; the KOV device is built-in with a temperature fuse and is designed in a directional open-circuit failure mode to avoid the hidden danger of fire caused by short-circuit failure of traditional voltage-sensitive resistors, and the safety is improved; the processing module dynamically monitors the performance of the protection device based on real-time data, realizes the upgrade from "passive protection" to "active monitoring + intelligent response", and meets the high-precision protection requirement.

[0023] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creating laborious work.

[0025] For a more complete understanding of the present application and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals indicate like parts throughout the several figures.

[0026] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a lightning protection socket provided by the present application;

[0027] Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a first lightning protection socket provided by the present application;

[0028] Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a second lightning protection socket provided by the present application.

[0029] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and are not intended to limit the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] The flowcharts shown in the drawings are only exemplary and are not necessarily required to include all the contents and operations / steps, and are not necessarily executed in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can be decomposed, combined or partially merged, and thus the actual execution order can be changed according to the actual situation.

[0032] It should be understood that, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, the terms “first”, “second” and the like are used to distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and effects. Those skilled in the art can understand that the terms “first”, “second” and the like do not limit the quantity and execution order, and the terms “first”, “second” and the like do not necessarily mean different.

[0033] It should be understood that the terms used in the present application specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the present application specification and the appended claims, unless otherwise clearly indicated by the context, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms.

[0034] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes all possible combinations.

[0035] Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following examples and features in the examples can be combined with each other in the case of no conflict.

[0036] With the popularity of electronic devices, the importance of overvoltage protection technology in the socket field is increasingly prominent. The traditional lightning protection socket usually uses a single voltage-dependent resistor (such as MOV) as a protection device to achieve overvoltage clamping through a voltage-dependent threshold. However, such a solution has the following defects:

[0037] 1. Single-stage protection reliability is insufficient: a single protection device is prone to aging and failure after long-term exposure to power surge, and the failure mode is mostly short circuit, which may cause fire risk;

[0038] 2. Lack of state monitoring and failure response: the traditional socket does not integrate a real-time monitoring module for the protection device, which cannot dynamically evaluate the change of protection performance, nor can it automatically switch to backup protection or issue a warning after the device fails;

[0039] 3. Protection strategy is fixed: the protection threshold of the existing solution is fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the aging degree of the device or the working condition, resulting in a decrease in protection accuracy over time.

[0040] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device to solve at least one of the above problems.

[0041] Please refer to Figs. 1-3The application provides a lightning protection socket; comprising: a socket body, a common mode protection circuit and a differential mode protection circuit are arranged on the socket body, two groups of KOV devices with different voltage-sensitive resistances are arranged in the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit, the two groups of KOV devices comprise main protection KOV devices and auxiliary protection KOV devices, the voltage-sensitive resistance of the main protection KOV devices is lower than that of the auxiliary protection KOV devices, and the main protection KOV devices and the auxiliary protection KOV devices are internally provided with temperature fuses; a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor are integrated in the socket body, the voltage sensor is used for collecting voltage data of the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit in real time, and the temperature sensor is used for collecting temperature data of the main protection KOV devices and the auxiliary protection KOV devices; a processing module is arranged in the socket body, the processing module is electrically connected with the voltage sensor and the temperature sensor, the processing module calculates the change of the voltage-sensitive resistance of the main protection KOV devices and the auxiliary protection KOV devices in real time according to the voltage data collected by the voltage sensor and the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor; when the processing module detects that the temperature fuse of the main protection KOV devices is triggered to open circuit failure due to overload, the processing module controls the auxiliary protection KOV devices to switch to an independent protection mode, and sends a protection failure early warning through an indicating lamp or a communication module on the socket body.

[0042] Specifically, the lightning protection socket is aimed at the defects (insufficient reliability, lack of state monitoring and fixed protection strategy) of the traditional single-stage voltage-sensitive resistance protection scheme, and realizes high-reliability overvoltage protection through multi-stage protection device configuration, real-time state monitoring and dynamic failure response mechanism. The core technologies include: a hierarchical protection circuit of two groups of KOV devices (main / auxiliary protection), a safety failure mode of an internal temperature fuse, and an intelligent linkage of a multi-sensor data acquisition and processing module.

[0043] The socket body and the protection circuit architecture comprise: a common mode protection circuit and a differential mode protection circuit: the socket is designed to protect the common mode interference (line-to-ground) and the differential mode interference (line-to-line) of the power line, each circuit contains two groups of KOV devices (metal oxide variable resistor, similar to MOV but possibly optimized failure mode) with different voltage-sensitive resistances: main protection KOV devices: lower voltage-sensitive resistance (such as 300V), used to respond to regular overvoltage impact first, and undertake the main protection task; auxiliary protection KOV devices: higher voltage-sensitive resistance (such as 400V), used as backup protection, only activated after the main device fails. The two groups of devices are connected in parallel or series (according to circuit design), the main device triggers before the auxiliary device, forming hierarchical protection.

[0044] The temperature fuse built-in design integrates a temperature fuse (thermal fuse type protection element) inside each KOV device. When the KOV is aged by long-term surge impact, the leakage current increases, causing the temperature to exceed the threshold (such as 125°C), the fuse is blown, and the KOV device is safely opened from the circuit, avoiding the risk of fire caused by short-circuit failure of traditional MOV.

[0045] The sensor module includes: a voltage sensor that collects common mode / differential mode protection circuit input / output voltage data in real time, monitors the amplitude, duration and frequency of overvoltage events, and is used to evaluate the voltage-sensitive characteristics of KOV devices (such as voltage drift and response speed changes). A temperature sensor is installed close to the surface of the main / secondary KOV device to monitor its temperature changes in real time, directly reflecting the aging degree or overload state of the device (abnormal temperature rise indicating increased leakage current or internal damage).

[0046] The processing module and the interaction unit include: a processing module (microcontroller, such as MCU) that is electrically connected to the voltage and temperature sensors, and calculates the voltage-sensitive characteristic change rate (such as voltage-sensitive voltage drift and temperature-resistance curve offset) of the KOV device in real time through a preset algorithm to determine whether the device is aging or failing. Indicator light and communication module: indicator light: displays the protection state (normal, aging warning, failure switching) through color (red / yellow / green) or flashing frequency; communication module (such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or wired interface): uploads status data to user terminal or cloud, supporting remote monitoring and early warning.

[0047] The hierarchical protection and dynamic switching strategy includes: normal working state: the main protection KOV device (low voltage-sensitive voltage) responds to overvoltage first, clamping the voltage to a safe range, and the secondary protection KOV device is in standby state due to its high voltage-sensitive voltage not reaching the trigger threshold. Main device failure response: when the main KOV device is aged by multiple impact, the leakage current increases, causing the temperature to rise, and the built-in temperature fuse is blown (open circuit). The processing module detects a sudden temperature drop (or the voltage sensor detects protection failure) through the temperature sensor, and immediately triggers the following actions: switch to secondary protection mode: switch the secondary protection KOV device into the main protection circuit (such as through a relay or solid-state switch to switch the path), so that it can independently undertake the protection task; failure warning: the indicator light flashes red or the communication module sends a message (such as "main protection failure, standby protection enabled"), prompting the user to replace the device in time.

[0048] State monitoring and aging assessment includes: data acquisition frequency: the voltage sensor samples the overvoltage waveform at a high frequency (such as 100 kHz), and the temperature sensor collects temperature data once per second, ensuring real-time performance. Aging judgment algorithm: the processing module establishes a voltage-temperature model of the KOV device based on historical data, and when the measured voltage drift exceeds the threshold (such as ±10% of the rated value) or the temperature continuously exceeds the normal working range (such as more than 80℃ for 10 minutes), it is determined that the aging warning state is reached, and the user is prompted to pay attention through the yellow flashing indicator light.

[0049] Safety failure mode design includes: traditional MOV failure is mostly short circuit, while the scheme integrates temperature fuse and KOV device to ensure open circuit state when failure occurs, cutting off the connection between faulty device and circuit, avoiding continuous leakage current heating and causing fire. The presence of the secondary protection device immediately takes over after the main device fails, maintaining protection function and achieving "fail-safe" design.

[0050] Common mode protection circuit includes: phase line (L) and neutral line (N) are connected to ground through main KOV1 (voltage V1) and secondary KOV1' (voltage V2>V1), respectively, and are connected in parallel, each with built-in temperature fuse F1, F1'; differential mode protection circuit includes: phase line and neutral line are connected in parallel through main KOV2 (V1) and secondary KOV2' (V2), also with built-in F2, F2'; sensor connection is connected in parallel to the protection circuit through the voltage sensor, and the temperature sensor is fixed on the surface of the KOV device through thermal conductive glue, and the signal line is connected to the processing module ADC interface;

[0051] The processing module logic periodically reads sensor data, detects F1 fuse (temperature drops and voltage protection fails), and outputs control signals to the relay to cut in the secondary KOV1' into the common mode protection circuit, while driving the indicator light to alarm.

[0052] The present application is applicable to home, data center, industrial control and other scenarios with high requirements for power supply reliability, and can be extended to integrate USB interface protection, overload protection and other functions, and realize remote firmware upgrade and fault diagnosis through the communication module, further improving the intelligent level.

[0053] Through the above design, the lightning protection socket realizes the upgrade from "passive protection" to "active monitoring + intelligent response", significantly improving the reliability, safety and adaptability of overvoltage protection.

[0054] In some embodiments, the thermal fuses of the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device are designed for directional open-circuit failure. When the thermal fuses of the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device are triggered due to overload, they both fail in open-circuit mode. The socket body is also provided with a mechanical tripping device. When both the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device fail, the mechanical tripping device automatically cuts off the power supply.

[0055] By using a temperature fuse with a directional open-circuit failure design and a mechanical tripping device, a dual safety failure protection mechanism is constructed to ensure that the power supply is cut off after the main and auxiliary protection devices fail, thus preventing the fault from spreading.

[0056] The temperature fuse design uses a directional open-circuit structure (such as a ceramic housing fuse) in the built-in temperature fuse of the main / auxiliary KOV device. When the device temperature exceeds the melting threshold (such as 130°C) due to overload (surge impact or aging leakage current), the fuse melts and forms a physical disconnect, forcing the KOV device to disconnect from the circuit and avoiding short-circuit failure.

[0057] Mechanical tripping devices are mechanical structures (such as spring-loaded circuit breakers) independent of electronic control, connected in series or parallel with the main / auxiliary KOV devices to the power input circuit. When the thermal fuses of both the main and auxiliary KOV devices are triggered and open (i.e., both fail), the mechanical tripping device disconnects the phase or neutral wire of the power supply line through mechanical linkage (such as the deformation of a bimetallic strip due to heat or release by electromagnetic attraction), completely disconnecting the power supply to the socket and preventing the risk of overvoltage in an unprotected state.

[0058] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the main protection KOV device or the secondary protection KOV device exceeds a preset threshold due to overload, the thermal fuse is triggered and fails in open circuit mode to prevent short circuit and fire. The mechanical tripping device provided in the socket body is electrically connected to the thermal fuses of the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device. When the processing module detects that the thermal fuses of both the main protection KOV device and the secondary protection KOV device have triggered open circuit failure, the mechanical tripping device automatically cuts off the power input circuit of the socket body through the electromagnetic drive mechanism.

[0059] By electrically connecting the mechanical tripping device to the thermal fuse, the processing module intelligently judges the dual failure states and drives the electromagnetic mechanism to cut off the power supply, thereby improving the automation level of failure response.

[0060] Electrical connection and status detection are achieved through a parallel detection resistor across each thermal fuse. When the fuse is not blown, the detection circuit is open (resistance close to 0Ω); when it blows, the detection circuit is closed (resistance infinite). The processing module monitors the voltage drop across the detection resistor in real time via the ADC port to determine whether the fuse has been triggered.

[0061] The electromagnetic drive tripping is integrated with the electromagnetic coil through the mechanical tripping device. In normal operation, the coil is powered to maintain the attraction state (maintain the power supply path). When the processing module detects that the fuse of the main / auxiliary KOV is disconnected (i.e. double failure), the power supply of the electromagnetic coil is immediately cut off, the spring drive tripping mechanism is tripped, and the power input loop is disconnected (such as an air switch type structure).

[0062] The failure logic includes that the processing module scans the detection signal every 50 ms, and after confirming that the double fuses are disconnected for 3 times in a row (anti-misjudgment), the tripping action is triggered to ensure the response reliability.

[0063] In some embodiments, the trigger condition of the mechanical tripping device includes that when the processing module detects that the temperature fuse of the main protection KOV device and the temperature fuse of the auxiliary protection KOV device are both triggered to open circuit failure, and at this time the input voltage of the socket body exceeds the preset proportion of the rated voltage for more than a preset time length, or the displacement sensor built in the mechanical tripping device detects that the physical deformation of the main and auxiliary protection devices exceeds the safety threshold, the mechanical tripping device automatically cuts off the power input loop.

[0064] The mechanical tripping trigger condition is expanded to combine voltage continuous overload and physical deformation detection to cope with multiple failure risks in extreme working conditions.

[0065] The multi-condition trigger logic includes: condition one: the temperature fuses of the main / auxiliary KOV are both disconnected (double failure state); condition two: the voltage sensor detects that the input voltage continuously exceeds 150% of the rated voltage (such as 250V→ rated 220V) and the duration is greater than or equal to 100ms; condition three: the displacement sensor (such as MEMS accelerometer or strain gauge) is pasted on the KOV device shell, and when it is detected that the device expands due to overheating and the deformation exceeds the safety threshold (such as shell expansion of 0.5mm). Any of the above conditions is met, the mechanical tripping device triggers power-off.

[0066] The displacement sensor is fixed on the KOV device epoxy resin packaging surface through the heat-conducting silicone of the displacement sensor, which monitors the change of the device size in real time. When the deformation signal exceeds the preset threshold (calibrated by the material thermal expansion coefficient), it is considered that the internal structure fails, and the tripping is triggered.

[0067] In some embodiments, the processing module obtains the real-time voltage values of the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit, and the real-time temperature values of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device in real time; based on a preset voltage-temperature corresponding relationship model, the processing module corrects the voltage-sensitive voltage theoretical value of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device according to the real-time temperature value, and calculates the difference between the actual working voltage collected by the voltage sensor to obtain the voltage-sensitive characteristic offset; by continuously recording the change trend of the voltage-sensitive characteristic offset, the processing module judges the aging degree and failure risk level of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device.

[0068] Through the temperature-voltage correction model, the pressure-sensitive characteristic offset is calculated in real time, the aging degree of the device is quantified, and preventive maintenance is realized.

[0069] The model is established by collecting the pressure-sensitive voltage-temperature data of the KOV device through high and low temperature test (-20℃~85℃) before leaving the factory, and fitting a polynomial correction formula:

[0070] ;

[0071] Where Vnom(T) is the pressure-sensitive voltage at temperature T, Vrated is the rated pressure-sensitive voltage at 25℃, ΔT=T 25℃, k1, k2 are temperature coefficients.

[0072] Real-time calculation process: the processing module obtains temperature sensor data Treal every second, and calculates the corrected theoretical pressure-sensitive voltage Vnom(Treal);

[0073] Synchronously collect the actual clamping voltage Vclamp of the voltage sensor, and calculate the offset ; When ΔV exceeds 8% of the rated value for 10 times in a row, it is marked as "mild aging"; when it exceeds 15%, it is marked as "severe aging warning", and the indicator light flashes yellow.

[0074] In some embodiments, the processing module determines whether the temperature fuse is triggered to open circuit failure by detecting the on-off state of the circuit where the main protection KOV device is located; after confirming the failure of the main protection KOV device, the processing module sends a switching instruction to the relay control circuit in the socket body, disconnects the access circuit of the main protection KOV device, and keeps the access circuit of the auxiliary protection KOV device in the on state, so that the auxiliary protection KOV device independently assumes the overvoltage protection function.

[0075] By detecting the on-off state of the circuit, the fuse failure is determined, and the seamless switching of the main and auxiliary protection devices is realized by using a relay to maintain the protection function without interruption.

[0076] The failure detection is realized by connecting a micro-power detection resistor Rtest (such as 100Ω) in series in the main KOV device circuit. When normally on, the voltage Utest across the two ends is approximately 0V; when the fuse is blown, the circuit is disconnected, and Utest=Vline (line voltage). The processing module determines whether Utest exceeds a threshold value (such as 5V) by a comparator to confirm the failure of the main device.

[0077] The relay switching control is connected to the protection circuit through the main / auxiliary KOV device through the normally closed / normally open relay (as shown in the figure): normally, the main relay is closed, the auxiliary relay is open, and the main device works; when the main device fails, the processing module sends a signal to open the main relay, close the auxiliary relay, and the auxiliary device is switched into the circuit, while the auxiliary relay is maintained in the attracted state through the holding circuit. The switching process takes less than 1ms, ensuring that the overvoltage protection does not interrupt.

[0078] In some embodiments, when the processing module detects that the main protection KOV device fails, the indicator light on the socket body is controlled to flash red light at a preset frequency, and the corresponding prompt information is displayed synchronously on the display screen beside the indicator light; if the socket body is configured with a communication module, the processing module sends early warning information containing the failure type and failure time to the bound terminal device through the communication module, and the communication module supports Wi-Fi or Bluetooth or wired communication protocol.

[0079] The integrated multi-level early warning mechanism realizes multi-dimensional failure information transmission through local indicator light, display screen and remote communication module.

[0080] Local alarm through indicator light: RGB LED is used, and when the main device fails, it flashes red light at a frequency of 1Hz; when the auxiliary device fails, it flashes red light at a frequency of 2Hz, distinguishing the fault level. Display screen: 1.44-inch OLED screen, synchronously displaying the failure type (such as “main protection fuse”), failure time (accurate to seconds) and suggested operation (“please replace within 30 days”).

[0081] Remote communication through the communication module integrated ESP32-WROOM-32 (supporting Wi-Fi / BLE) sends early warning messages to the user's mobile phone APP through the MQTT protocol, including: socket ID, failure type, detection timestamp; real-time voltage, temperature data and historical impact times; supporting independent APP receiving notification, storing early warning data when offline, and supplementing when connected to the network.

[0082] In some embodiments, in the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit, an external adjustable resistance network is connected in parallel between the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device, and the adjustable resistance network is electrically connected with the processing module; the processing module adjusts the resistance value of the adjustable resistance network according to the real-time collected overvoltage impact data, dynamically configures the pressure-sensitive voltage difference between the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device, so that the pressure-sensitive voltage difference of the two is not less than a preset threshold, to control the failure time interval of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device.

[0083] The pressure-sensitive voltage difference of the main and auxiliary KOV devices is dynamically adjusted through the external adjustable resistance network to control the failure time interval of the two, and the life distribution of the protection device is optimized.

[0084] The resistance network architecture is parallelly connected between the primary / secondary KOV devices by a resistance array (such as 0-10kΩ adjustable) controlled by a multi-channel analog switch (such as CD4051), and the relationship between the resistance value and the voltage is as follows: ; wherein is the voltage of the KOV, I is the leakage current, and the actual voltage can be fine-tuned by adjusting the resistance value Radj.

[0085] The dynamic configuration logic selects the appropriate resistance level by processing the historical overvoltage data (such as the average of the last 10 impulse energies) through the PWM signal control analog switch, so that the voltage difference between the primary and secondary devices is maintained at ≥50V (preset threshold), ensuring that the primary device takes the impact first and the secondary device fails in delay.

[0086] In some embodiments, the processing module pre-stores a failure time interval optimization algorithm, which calculates the theoretical failure time interval of the primary and secondary protection KOV devices under the current working condition based on the preset multi-parameter mathematical model by real-time acquisition of the overvoltage impulse energy, duration and load current data; and dynamically adjusts the voltage difference between the primary and secondary protection KOV devices through the fuzzy control algorithm to match the protection requirements of different overvoltage scenarios: for high-frequency small-energy impact, increase the voltage difference to extend the failure time interval; for low-frequency large-energy impact, reduce the voltage difference to shorten the failure time interval.

[0087] Based on the multi-parameter mathematical model and the fuzzy control algorithm, the failure time interval of the primary and secondary devices is dynamically optimized to adapt to high-frequency / low-frequency overvoltage scenarios.

[0088] The failure time interval algorithm includes the following parameters: overvoltage impulse energy , duration td, and load current Iload; the theoretical failure time interval formula is as follows:

[0089] ;

[0090] wherein Erated is the rated impulse energy of the primary device, Ecumulative is the cumulative impulse energy, and k is the fuzzy control coefficient (0.8-1.2).

[0091] The scene adaptation strategy includes: high-frequency small-energy impact (such as lightning induction): increase the voltage difference (ΔV≥80V) to make the primary device trigger before the secondary device, extending the service life of the secondary device; low-frequency large-energy impact (such as power grid switching): reduce the voltage difference (ΔV=30-50V) to make the primary and secondary devices respond at the same time or close to the same time, avoiding overloading of a single device.

[0092] In some embodiments, the processing module is built-in a historical impact database for storing waveform data of historical overvoltage impacts, impact energy, failure time interval of main and auxiliary protection KOV devices, and data of changes in voltage-dependent characteristics; the processing module trains the data in the historical impact database through a machine learning algorithm to generate a failure time interval prediction model for different application scenarios, and optimizes the voltage-dependent voltage matching strategy of the main and auxiliary protection KOV devices in real time based on the prediction model.

[0093] The machine learning model is trained by using historical impact data to predict the failure time interval in different scenarios, and the adaptive optimization of the protection strategy is realized.

[0094] The historical database is constructed by storing at least 100,000 historical data, including: impact waveform (rise time, peak value, duration); voltage-dependent voltage offset, temperature curve, and failure time stamp of the main and auxiliary devices; application scenario label (home / industry / data center).

[0095] The model training and application use an LSTM neural network to train a failure time prediction model, input current working condition data (voltage, temperature, load), and output the optimal voltage-dependent voltage difference ΔVopt; the model is automatically updated every 24 hours to adapt to environmental changes (such as seasonal lightning frequency changes) through online learning; when a high-frequency impact (such as a weather forecast thunderstorm) is predicted in the next 24 hours, the voltage difference between the main and auxiliary devices is adjusted to the maximum value in advance to enhance the protection redundancy.

[0096] In some embodiments, the Isolation Forest algorithm is used to identify atypical overvoltage events (such as sustained oscillation type interference and high-frequency narrow pulse group), trigger differentiated protection strategies, and avoid misoperation or failure of conventional devices.

[0097] The abnormal event modeling includes: normal overvoltage characteristics: single-peak waveform, energy concentrated in 0.1-10 ms, and spectrum mainly distributed in 10 kHz-1 MHz; abnormal event definition: multi-peak oscillation (>3 peaks), duration >50 ms, and interference containing >10 MHz high-frequency components.

[0098] The detection process collects waveforms through a voltage sensor at a sampling rate of 10 MHz, and generates a feature vector (containing 12-dimensional features such as peak value, spectral entropy, and waveform kurtosis) every 50 μs; the Isolation Forest model calculates the "isolation index" of the sample in real time, and determines it as an abnormal event when the index >0.8 (preset threshold), triggering the following actions: simultaneously activating the main / auxiliary KOV devices (bypass hierarchical protection logic), enhancing high-frequency noise suppression through parallel clamping; starting a 10-second high-frequency sampling mode to record abnormal waveforms for subsequent model updating.

[0099] The online learning mechanism automatically adds the feature vector to the "abnormal sample library" after detecting an abnormal event each time, and updates the isolation forest model through incremental learning every week to improve the recognition ability of new interference.

[0100] In some embodiments, by constructing a long short-term memory network (LSTM) model, the time sequence correlation between historical impact data and device aging parameters is analyzed to predict the remaining effective life of the main / secondary KOV device, and preventive maintenance is realized.

[0101] Data acquisition and feature engineering include: input features: overvoltage impact energy (I2t value of each impact), impact interval time, real-time temperature curve (every 10 seconds of sampling point), voltage offset of voltage-dependent resistor (ΔV), leakage current change rate (dI / dt); output label: life countdown (quantified by "remaining impact times" or "remaining days") marked 30 days before device failure.

[0102] The model training process includes: offline stage: use accelerated aging test data (surge impact test in high temperature and high humidity environment) to generate 100,000+ training samples, input LSTM network training, and optimize parameters to make the prediction error ≤10%; online stage: the processing module aggregates the latest 24 hours of data to form a time sequence window (containing 2000+ sampling points) every hour, inputs the trained model, and outputs the remaining life prediction value (such as "remaining life: 23 days ± 3 days").

[0103] The early warning strategy displays an orange warning on the display screen and pushes an APP notification when the predicted remaining life is <30 days; a red warning is triggered when it is <7 days, suggesting that the device should be replaced immediately, and the protection threshold is automatically reduced (the secondary device is enabled to respond preferentially).

[0104] The embodiment of the application provides a tower crane multi-region fusion perception method and system based on a rotating radar module, which forms a hierarchical protection through two groups of KOV devices with different voltage-dependent voltages (the main protection voltage-dependent voltage is lower), the main protection preferentially responds to overvoltage impact, the secondary protection serves as a backup, and the overall protection life is prolonged; the working voltage and temperature data of the protection device are collected in real time through the integration of voltage sensors and temperature sensors, the change of voltage-dependent characteristics is dynamically calculated through the processing module, and the aging state of the device is accurately evaluated; when the temperature fuse of the main protection device is open-circuit failed due to overload, the secondary protection automatically switches to work independently, and an indicator light or a communication module is used for early warning to avoid complete loss of protection function; the KOV device is provided with a temperature fuse and is designed in a directional open-circuit failure mode, thereby avoiding the hidden danger of fire caused by short circuit of traditional voltage-dependent resistors, and improving safety; the processing module dynamically monitors the performance of the protection device based on real-time data, realizes the upgrade from "passive protection" to "active monitoring + intelligent response", and meets the high-precision protection demand.

[0105] It will be understood that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the application. It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on" or "connected to" another element or layer, it can be directly on or connected to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers can be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" or "directly connected to" another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present application.

[0106] Spatially relative terms, such as "beneath", "below", "lower", "under", "above", "upper" and the like, can be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device can be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0107] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising", when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0108] It will be understood that the terms "and / or", as used herein, refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0109] The above description is provided as an enabling teaching of the application and is not intended to limit its scope in any way. Any modification of the application in keeping with the spirit thereof that is apparent to those skilled in the art is to be considered within the scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lightning protection socket, characterized in that, The utility model relates to an outlet body is provided with common mode protection circuit and differential mode protection circuit, and the common mode protection circuit and differential mode protection circuit are provided with two groups of KOV devices of different voltage -sensitive resistances, two groups of KOV devices include main protection KOV device and vice protection KOV device, and the voltage -sensitive resistance of main protection KOV device is lower than vice protection KOV device, and main protection KOV device and vice protection KOV device are built -in with temperature fuse, The outlet body is integrated with a voltage sensor and a temperature sensor, the voltage sensor is used to collect voltage data of the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit in real time, and the temperature sensor is used to collect temperature data of the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device; The outlet body is provided with a processing module, the processing module is electrically connected with the voltage sensor and the temperature sensor, and the processing module calculates the change of the voltage -sensitive characteristic of the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device in real time according to the voltage data collected by the voltage sensor and the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor; When the processing module detects that the temperature fuse of the main protection KOV device is triggered to open circuit failure due to overload, the processing module controls the vice protection KOV device to switch to an independent protection mode, and sends a protection failure warning through an indicator light or a communication module on the outlet body; the processing module obtains real-time voltage values of the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit, and real-time temperature values of the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device; Based on a preset voltage -temperature corresponding relationship model, the processing module corrects the voltage -sensitive resistance theoretical value of the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device according to the real-time temperature value, and carries out difference calculation with the actual working voltage collected by the voltage sensor to obtain a voltage -sensitive characteristic offset; By continuously recording the change trend of the voltage -sensitive characteristic offset, the processing module judges the aging degree and failure risk level of the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device. The temperature fuses of the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device are designed to be directional open circuit failure, when the temperature fuses of the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device are triggered due to overload, they are all failed in open circuit mode; 2. The lightning protection receptacle of claim 1, wherein, The outlet body is also provided with a mechanical tripping device, which automatically cuts off the power supply when the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device are both failed. When the temperature of the main protection KOV device or the vice protection KOV device exceeds the preset threshold due to overload, the temperature fuse is triggered and fails in open circuit mode, avoiding device short circuit and fire; 3. The lightning protection receptacle of claim 2, wherein, The mechanical tripping device in the outlet body is electrically connected with the temperature fuses of the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device, when the processing module detects that the temperature fuses of the main protection KOV device and the vice protection KOV device are both triggered to open circuit failure, the mechanical tripping device automatically cuts off the power input circuit of the outlet body through an electromagnetic driving mechanism. ​ 4. The lightning protection receptacle of claim 2, wherein, The triggering condition of the mechanical tripping device includes that when the processing module detects that the temperature fuse of the main protection KOV device and the temperature fuse of the auxiliary protection KOV device are both triggered to open-circuit failure, and at this time, the input voltage of the socket body exceeds the preset proportion of the rated voltage for more than a preset time length, or the displacement sensor built in the mechanical tripping device detects that the physical deformation of the main and auxiliary protection devices exceeds the safety threshold, the mechanical tripping device automatically cuts off the power input loop.

5. The lightning protection receptacle of claim 1, wherein, The processing module judges whether the temperature fuse is triggered to open-circuit failure by detecting the on-off state of the circuit in which the main protection KOV device is located. After confirming the failure of the main protection KOV device, the processing module sends a switching instruction to the relay control circuit in the socket body, disconnects the access loop of the main protection KOV device, and keeps the access loop of the auxiliary protection KOV device in the on state, so that the auxiliary protection KOV device independently bears the overvoltage protection function.

6. The lightning protection receptacle of claim 1, wherein, When the processing module detects the failure of the main protection KOV device, the indicator light on the socket body is controlled to flash red light at a preset frequency, and the corresponding prompt information is displayed on the display screen beside the indicator light. If the socket body is provided with a communication module, the processing module sends early warning information containing the failure type and the failure time to the bound terminal device through the communication module, and the communication module supports Wi-Fi or Bluetooth or wired communication protocol.

7. The lightning protection receptacle of claim 1, wherein, In the common mode protection circuit and the differential mode protection circuit, an external adjustable resistance network is connected in parallel between the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device, and the adjustable resistance network is electrically connected with the processing module. The processing module dynamically configures the voltage difference between the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device by adjusting the resistance value of the adjustable resistance network according to the real-time collected overvoltage impact data, so that the voltage difference between the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device is not less than a preset threshold, to control the failure time interval of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device.

8. The lightning protection receptacle of claim 1, wherein, The processing module pre-stores a failure time interval optimization algorithm, which calculates the theoretical failure time interval of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device under the current working condition based on a preset multi-parameter mathematical model by real-time collecting the impact energy, duration and load current data of the overvoltage. The fuzzy control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the voltage difference between the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device, so that the actual failure time interval matches the protection requirements of different overvoltage scenarios: for high-frequency small-energy impact, the voltage difference is increased to prolong the failure time interval; for low-frequency large-energy impact, the voltage difference is reduced to shorten the failure time interval.

9. The lightning protection receptacle of claim 1, wherein, The processing module is built-in a historical impact database for storing waveform data, impact energy, failure time interval and voltage change data of the main and auxiliary protection KOV devices of historical overvoltage impact. The processing module trains the data in the historical impact database by using a machine learning algorithm to generate a failure time interval prediction model for different application scenarios, and optimizes the voltage matching strategy of the main protection KOV device and the auxiliary protection KOV device in real time based on the prediction model.

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