Grassland vegetation degradation ecological restoration irrigation device and method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of green agricultural irrigation technology, and discloses a grassland vegetation degradation ecological restoration irrigation device and method, which comprises a sprinkling irrigation unit, the sprinkling irrigation unit comprises a stand column, the stand column is pre-buried in grassland soil, a spray head is arranged at the top end of the stand column, a rotating ball is embedded in the spray head, the spray head and the rotating ball are used for sprinkling irrigation of grassland vegetation, a spiral groove is formed in the inner wall of the spray head, the spiral groove is arranged in a spiral groove shape, and the spiral groove is used for guiding liquid flow. The grassland vegetation degradation ecological restoration irrigation device and method are designed by adopting spiral flow guiding and rotating spraying and partition pressure compensation, the problems of poor uniformity and uneven pressure distribution of traditional irrigation are solved, the water resource utilization efficiency is greatly improved, invalid irrigation and ecological disturbance are avoided, and finally, an efficient, green and sustainable irrigation solution is provided for grassland vegetation degradation ecological restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of green agricultural irrigation technology, and in particular to an irrigation device and method for ecological restoration of grassland vegetation degradation. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global emphasis on ecological environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development, green agricultural irrigation technology, as a core means to achieve efficient water resource utilization and reduce ecological disturbance, has become a research hotspot in the fields of agricultural modernization and ecological restoration. Green agricultural irrigation emphasizes achieving water conservation, reducing soil degradation and non-point source pollution, and ensuring crop growth needs are met through precise control of irrigation volume and optimization of irrigation methods. It plays a crucial role, especially in vegetation restoration in ecologically fragile areas. Grasslands, as important ecological barriers and livestock production bases, are directly affected by vegetation degradation, impacting regional ecological balance. Targeted green irrigation technology is a vital guarantee for curbing grassland degradation and promoting ecological restoration. This invention proposes a precision irrigation scheme adapted to different degradation types for grassland vegetation degradation ecological restoration scenarios.

[0003] In ecological restoration applications, existing grassland irrigation technologies, such as traditional flood irrigation or fixed sprinkler irrigation, are prone to local water excess, leading to secondary salinization. This is especially true in long-distance pipeline systems, where pressure decreases along the pipeline, resulting in insufficient irrigation range at the front end and redundant water at the back end. Furthermore, different types of grasslands have significantly different water requirements, but existing technologies often use uniform irrigation parameters, which are difficult to adapt to differentiated restoration needs, leading to water waste and low restoration efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the existing technology has the disadvantages of water waste and low restoration efficiency. To address this, we propose an irrigation device and method for ecological restoration of grassland vegetation degradation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: an irrigation device for ecological restoration of grassland vegetation degradation, comprising a sprinkler unit, wherein the sprinkler unit includes a column, the column being pre-embedded in the grassland soil, a nozzle being installed at the top of the column, a rotating ball being embedded inside the nozzle, the nozzle and the rotating ball being used for sprinkler irrigation of the grassland vegetation, a spiral groove being formed on the inner wall of the nozzle, the spiral groove being used for guiding liquid flow, the rotating ball being embedded inside the nozzle, and rotating as the liquid flows inside the spiral groove; a fixing sleeve is also provided on the outer surface of the column, a traction rope extending from the outer side of the fixing sleeve, the other end of the traction rope being inserted into the grassland soil, a soil moisture sensor being embedded inside the column, and an instrument being connected to the top of the soil moisture sensor.

[0006] Preferably, the grassland is also equipped with a main supply pipe, one end of which is connected to a water supply unit. Branch pipes are provided on both sides of the main supply pipe, and fine branch pipes are provided on both sides of the branch pipes. The fine branch pipes are connected to the column, and a switch valve for switching on and off is provided at the connection point. When the switch valve is opened, liquid is supplied to the inside of the column through the fine branch pipe for irrigation of the grassland vegetation.

[0007] Preferably, a return pipe is provided on one side of the water supply front end of the main supply pipe. The return pipe extends and connects to the branch pipe at the front end, and the return pipe and the branch pipe on the front end form a closed loop for liquid flow.

[0008] Preferably, a unidirectional flow unit is provided at the connection between the main supply pipe and the branch pipe, and another set of unidirectional flow units is provided at the connection between the branch pipe and the fine branch pipe.

[0009] An irrigation method for ecological restoration of degraded grassland vegetation includes sprinkler irrigation units, soil moisture sensors, spiral channels, and return pipes, comprising the following steps: Pre-construction survey and scheme design: conducting grid-based surveys of degraded grasslands, detecting core soil indicators, and dividing the grasslands into degraded zones; Irrigation device deployment: installing sprinkler irrigation units according to the degraded zones, pre-burying columns and embedding soil moisture sensors, and debugging data transmission functions, connecting the main supply pipe with branch pipes, fine branch pipes, and return pipes; Differentiated irrigation construction: based on real-time data from soil moisture sensors, adjusting the water flow direction through spiral channels to stabilize water pressure, and performing base irrigation, growing season irrigation, and emergency irrigation according to the degraded zones, while simultaneously controlling the irrigation volume and cycle; Post-irrigation maintenance and soil optimization: recovering excess saline water from salinized zones after irrigation, and dynamically adjusting subsequent irrigation parameters based on soil moisture sensor data; Effect acceptance and data archiving: detecting vegetation growth indicators and soil improvement effects in each zone, compiling irrigation device operating parameters, soil moisture sensor monitoring records, and post-irrigation treatment data to form a complete acceptance file.

[0010] Preferably, a density of 1 survey point per 5 mu is adopted, and soil samples are collected at a depth of 0-40cm. The test indicators include sand content, EC value, soil moisture and vegetation cover.

[0011] Preferably, the degradation zoning is based on survey data to divide the grassland into three levels: Level 1: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H; Level 2: the transition zone between adjacent Level 1 zones, divided into AB, BC, CD, EF, FG, and GH; Level 3: the mixed zone of different degradation types, divided into AE, BF, CG, and DH.

[0012] Preferably, the deployment of the irrigation device specifically includes: the embedding depth of the soil moisture sensor is matched with the root layer of the vegetation, with 4 soil moisture sensors corresponding to each area, and the four soil moisture sensors are arranged into a group and connected to the central control terminal.

[0013] Preferably, after emergency irrigation is triggered, a meteorological linkage adjustment step is also included. When a sandstorm warning or drought warning is received from the grassland monitoring network, the distance between the nozzle and the rotating ball is automatically adjusted. The distance adjustment is achieved by adjusting the height of the base inside the nozzle.

[0014] Preferably, the distance between the nozzle and the rotating ball is increased, the duration of a single irrigation is increased by 10%-15%, and the monitoring interval of the soil moisture sensor is shortened to 5 minutes to provide real-time feedback on changes in soil moisture until the moisture level rises to 90% of the upper limit of the threshold and then the emergency irrigation is stopped.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0016] This invention solves the problems of poor uniformity and uneven pressure distribution in traditional irrigation by adopting a spiral flow rotating spray and zoned pressure compensation design, ensuring consistent irrigation coverage in different areas. Secondly, through three-level zoning, degradation type-adaptive parameters, and stratified humidity monitoring, it achieves precise irrigation for different degraded grasslands, meeting differentiated restoration needs. By deeply integrating irrigation with soil moisture monitoring and disaster response, it significantly improves water resource utilization efficiency, avoids ineffective irrigation and ecological disturbance, and ultimately provides an efficient, green, and sustainable irrigation solution for the ecological restoration of degraded grassland vegetation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating sphere of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the column and soil moisture sensor of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the column and nozzle of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main supply pipe and branch pipe of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the water flow direction according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the zoning plan of the present invention.

[0026] Legend: 1. Sprinkler unit; 11. Post; 12. Sprinkler head; 13. Rotating ball; 14. Instrument; 15. Fixing sleeve; 16. Traction rope; 17. Soil moisture sensor; 18. Spiral groove; 2. Main supply pipe; 3. Branch pipe; 4. Small branch pipe; 5. Return pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0027] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0028] Reference Figure 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an irrigation device for ecological restoration of grassland vegetation degradation, including a sprinkler unit 1. The sprinkler unit 1 includes a column 11, which is pre-embedded in the grassland soil. A nozzle 12 is installed at the top of the column 11, and a rotating ball 13 is embedded inside the nozzle 12. The nozzle 12 and the rotating ball 13 are used for sprinkler irrigation of the grassland vegetation. A spiral groove 18 is formed on the inner wall of the nozzle 12. The spiral groove 18 is set in a spiral shape and is used to guide the liquid. The rotating ball 13 is embedded in the nozzle. Inside the head 12, as the liquid flows inside the spiral groove 18, it drives the rotating ball 13 to rotate. The spiral groove 18 guides the liquid, converting the liquid's kinetic energy into the rotational force of the rotating ball 13, causing the rotating ball 13 to suspend and rotate, achieving uniform spraying and avoiding local water accumulation or drought. The spiral guiding design can also refine the droplet diameter, reducing impact damage to vegetation, and is especially suitable for protecting fragile seedlings in degraded grasslands. At the same time, it increases the contact area between the liquid and the soil, promoting water retention in desertified areas and salt removal in salinized areas.

[0029] A fixing sleeve 15 is also provided on the outer surface of the column 11. A traction rope 16 extends from the outside of the fixing sleeve 15. The other end of the traction rope 16 is inserted into the grassland soil. A soil moisture sensor 17 is also embedded inside the column 11. An instrument 14 is connected to the top of the soil moisture sensor 17. The fixing structure formed by the fixing sleeve 15 and the traction rope 16 can enhance the wind erosion resistance of the sprinkler irrigation unit 1 by inserting the traction rope 16 into the soil. The soil moisture sensor 17 is connected to the central control system through the instrument 14 and can collect soil moisture data at a depth of 0-40cm in real time, providing a basis for precise irrigation, avoiding water waste caused by blind irrigation, and ensuring that the soil moisture of degraded grassland is maintained within the suitable range for vegetation growth.

[0030] The grassland is also equipped with a main supply pipe 2, one end of which is connected to the water supply unit. Branch pipes 3 are set on both sides of the main supply pipe 2, and fine branch pipes 4 are set on both sides of the branch pipes 3. The fine branch pipes 4 are connected to the column 11. A switch valve for switching on and off is set at the connection. When the switch valve is opened, liquid is supplied to the inside of the column 11 through the fine branch pipes 4 for irrigation of the grassland vegetation. A return pipe 5 is also set on one side of the water supply front end of the main supply pipe 2. The return pipe 5 extends and connects to the front branch pipe 3. The return pipe 5 and the front branch pipe 3 form a closed loop for liquid flow. A one-way flow unit is set at the connection between the main supply pipe 2 and the branch pipe 3. Another set of one-way flow units is set at the connection between the branch pipe 3 and the fine branch pipe 4.

[0031] Traditional irrigation pipeline systems lack the ability to control zones, making it difficult to accurately supply liquid to grasslands with different degrees of degradation, such as severely desertified areas and mildly degraded areas. At the same time, backflow of liquid is prone to occur in the pipeline, resulting in unstable pressure and affecting the sprinkler irrigation effect.

[0032] The hierarchical pipeline system consisting of main supply pipe 2, branch pipe 3, and fine branch pipe 4, combined with the switch valve, can achieve independent liquid supply to different zones, meeting the differentiated irrigation needs of grasslands with different degradation types such as desertification and salinization; the unidirectional flow unit can effectively prevent liquid backflow and ensure stable pressure in the pipeline; the closed loop formed by return pipe 5 and front-end branch pipe 3 provides a pressure compensation channel for the front-end area, solving the problem of uneven pressure distribution in traditional single-pipeline systems and further improving irrigation accuracy.

[0033] To ensure the consistency of the sprinkler irrigation range, the liquid is first introduced into the inlet end of the main supply pipe 2, which is closed at the other end. After the main supply pipe 2 is completely filled, it is then transported to the branch water supply pipes 3 and the regional connection pipes 4. Since multiple sets of branch pipes 3 and 4 need to be laid on the main supply pipe 2, the pressure in the pipes is unevenly distributed due to friction resistance and flow loss during the liquid flow process. The closed end has sufficient pressure due to back pressure accumulation, while the inlet end has insufficient pressure due to insufficient initial pressure and large flow loss. To address this characteristic, a single-path flow is adopted for the rear area near the closed end of the main supply pipe 2, from the main supply pipe 2 to the branch pipe 3, then to the fine branch pipe 4, and finally into the column 11. The sufficient pressure in this area ensures that the pressure in the fine branch pipe 4 meets the standard. For the front area near the inlet end of the main supply pipe 2, a dual-path flow is designed. One path is the main path from the main supply pipe 2, branch pipe 3, fine branch pipe 4 to the column 11. The other path is a compensation path from the main supply pipe 2 to the return pipe 5, then to the other side of the branch pipe 3, and finally into the fine branch pipe 4 and the column 11. The pressure superposition formed by the liquid entering at both ends of the branch pipe 3 compensates for the insufficient pressure at the front end, and finally achieves a balanced and stable pressure in the fine branch pipe 4 throughout the entire area, ensuring consistent irrigation coverage.

[0034] Traditional long-distance irrigation pipelines often suffer from insufficient front-end sprinkler coverage and excessive back-end water volume due to pressure attenuation along the pipeline, resulting in uneven vegetation growth during the restoration of degraded grasslands. By superimposing the pressure of the dual-path system at the front end, the pressure at the inlet end can be increased, solving the problem of insufficient front-end pressure in traditional systems and providing a stable water guarantee for grassland ecological restoration.

[0035] Reference Figure 7-8 As shown, an irrigation method for ecological restoration of degraded grassland vegetation includes the following steps:

[0036] In the early stages of the project, the equipment was set up according to the grassland area and the type of degradation. In the desertification area, a wind-resistant sprinkler unit 1 was selected, with a base counterweight of ≥5kg. In the salinization area, a corrosion-resistant main supply pipe 2 was provided, made of 316 stainless steel. In the plateau area, a cold-resistant soil moisture sensor 17 was used, with an operating temperature of -30℃ to 50℃.

[0037] The soil moisture sensor 17 is calibrated using a standard soil moisture meter, with an error of ≤±2%. The spiral angle of the spiral groove 18 is uniformly preset to 30°-45°. A clean water test is conducted to ensure uniform water flow and a rotation speed deviation of ≤±5r / min.

[0038] In the three-level zoning, there are 8 first-level zones, divided into zones A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H according to soil sediment content, EC value, and organic matter. The boundaries are located using GPS. There are 6 second-level zones, divided into zones AB, BC, CD, EF, FG, and GH. There are also transition zones between adjacent first-level zones, such as zones AB or BC, with a width of 5-10m, which are adapted to intermediate gradient parameters. There are 4 third-level zones, divided into zones AE, BF, CG, and DH. There are also mixed zones of different degradation types, such as zones AE and BF, with mixing parameters set according to their proportion weight.

[0039] Four sets of sprinkler units are set up in each zone. The soil moisture sensors are buried at a depth adjusted according to the root layer of vegetation: 20-30cm for pasture and 30-40cm for shrubs. The sampling order is from shallow to deep.

[0040] Step S1: Fill the liquid delivery pipeline with water and control the pressure. Start the water supply unit to deliver clean water or amendment solution to the main supply pipe 2. Set the initial flow rate to 8-10m³ for the desertification zone according to the zoning type. 3 / h, salinized area 12-15m 3 / h.

[0041] After the main supply pipe 2 is filled, the pressure inside the pipe is 0.2-0.25MPa, the squeezing unidirectional flow unit opens, and the liquid flows into the branch pipe 3; after the branch pipe 3 is filled, the pressure is 0.18-0.2MPa, the second set of unidirectional flow units is opened, and the liquid enters the interior of the column 11 through the thin branch pipe 4.

[0042] Check for leaks at the interfaces every 30 minutes, and stop the pump for troubleshooting if the pressure fluctuation exceeds ±0.05MPa.

[0043] Step S2: Spiral flow guidance and spraying are performed. The liquid flows from the column 11 into the nozzle 12 and is spirally conveyed upward through the spiral groove 18. A 2-3mm gap is formed between the nozzle 12 and the rotating ball 13, and the liquid is atomized and sprayed out as droplets with a diameter of 0.5-1mm. The coverage radius deviation is ≤±1.4m.

[0044] During special adjustments, in windy weather, the gaps should be widened to 3-4mm to reduce the liquid atomization effect and increase the atomization range. Additionally, spraying should be done in the early morning or evening during high-temperature periods to reduce moisture loss.

[0045] Step S3: Suspension, rotation, and water film formation. The liquid thrust suspends the rotating ball 13, and the tangential force drives the rotation, forming a water film on the surface. When the internal pressure increases and the rotation speed fluctuates by ±5 r / min, the impurities on the surface of the rotating ball 13 are cleaned.

[0046] Steps S4-S5: Zoning and Irrigation Unit Layout. Mark the boundaries according to the three-level zoning. Sprinkler irrigation unit 1 in desertified area is spaced 4m apart. The slope of fine branch pipe 4 in salinized area is 1%-2%.

[0047] Step S6: Humidity monitoring and precise sprinkler irrigation control. Liquid infiltration in the soil follows the natural law of first the surface layer and then the deeper layers. The infiltration rate is higher in desertified areas than in saline-alkali areas, and then in heavy clay soil areas. Therefore, the soil moisture sensor 17 strictly follows the pre-buried depth from shallow to deep, as follows:

[0048] The system automatically starts collecting data at fixed times each day, or is forcibly activated 1 hour after irrigation to monitor infiltration. Each data collection cycle is ≤2 minutes. In the stratified data collection process, the soil moisture sensor 17 is embedded in four layers. The first layer, the shallowest at 20cm, is collected first, reflecting the immediate infiltration status of the liquid in the surface soil; the moisture content in this layer should rise rapidly within 1 hour after irrigation. The second layer, 25cm, is collected at 30-second intervals, reflecting the progress of liquid infiltration into the root-active layer. The third layer, 30cm, is collected again at 30-second intervals, reflecting the infiltration effect of the liquid into the deeper root zone. The fourth layer, 35cm, is collected last, reflecting the water retention capacity of the liquid in the deeper soil layers; this layer needs to be monitored closely in desertified areas to prevent rapid leakage.

[0049] The reasonableness of the data collected at each layer is judged. Based on the average of three collections at each layer, the data is taken. Combined with the preset humidity thresholds for the zones (10%-15% for desertification areas, 16%-20% for salinization areas, and 18%-22% for general degradation areas), the sprinkler irrigation is executed according to the logic in Table 1 below.

[0050] Table 1

[0051]

[0052] For the mixed degradation characteristics of the transition zone between Level 2 and Level 3, its humidity status is affected by adjacent Level 1 zones. The process is as follows: Threshold setting for the transition zone. Set the threshold based on the average of the thresholds of adjacent Level 1 zones. For example, if the threshold for Zone A is 18%-22% and the threshold for Zone B is 15%-18%, then the thresholds for Zones A and B are:

[0053] ;

[0054] When the average soil moisture content collected by the soil moisture sensor 17 in the transition zone is less than 16.5% (the lower limit), and at least one adjacent area (A or B) is in a water-deficient state, as shown in State 2 or State 3 in Figure 1, the four sets of sprinkler irrigation units 1 in the transition zone are activated, and the irrigation volume is 70% of the current irrigation volume of the adjacent first-level zone. When the entire layer of area A is irrigated for 30m... 3 / mu, short-term sprinkler irrigation of 10m in Zone B 3 / mu, then the irrigation amount for area AB is:

[0055] ;

[0056] The sprinkler irrigation time, calculated proportionally, is 14m.3 It takes about 15 minutes.

[0057] When soil moisture sensors 17 of ≥3 sets of sprinkler units 1 in a certain primary zone detect surface water shortage in state 2 or water shortage in the entire layer in state 3, the central control system determines that the primary zone is water-deficient as a whole, automatically opens the electromagnetic control valves at the connection between all the branch pipes 4 and the columns 11 in the zone, and starts the corresponding column 11 for sprinkler irrigation; if only a certain secondary or tertiary zone meets the water shortage condition, the electromagnetic control valve of the subdivided zone is only activated to avoid ineffective irrigation of non-water-deficient areas.

[0058] For the front-end area, namely the column 11 near the water inlet of the main supply pipe 2, the auxiliary return pipe 5 is opened simultaneously when the sprinkler irrigation is started to ensure that the sprinkler irrigation pressure of the front column 11 is consistent with that of the back end, and to ensure that the pressure meets the standard. During the sprinkler irrigation, the central control system receives feedback data from the soil moisture sensor 17 of the corresponding area in real time. When the humidity of the area rises to "Status 1 Humidity Normal" in the chart, the electromagnetic control valve is immediately closed to stop the sprinkler irrigation of the column 11 in that area, so as to avoid the waste of water resources caused by traditional synchronous irrigation of the whole area and further improve the targeting and efficiency of water supply in the restoration of degraded grassland.

[0059] After each irrigation cycle, the system automatically summarizes the stratified humidity change curves, actual irrigation duration, water volume deviation from preset values, and edge humidity changes. If the surface humidity exceeds the upper limit or the deep humidity fails to reach the threshold after three consecutive irrigation cycles, the system automatically calibrates the pre-buried depth of the soil moisture sensor 17 in that area or adjusts the irrigation flow rate to ensure continuous optimization of accuracy. Through stratified data collection, matching infiltration patterns, and three-level threshold judgment, the system can replenish only what is needed, reducing water waste by more than 30% compared to traditional uniform irrigation, while avoiding soil compaction or root rot caused by localized over-wetting.

[0060] The following section details the practical application of this irrigation method in the context of degraded grasslands. All scenarios are based on the aforementioned general implementation process.

[0061] Located in the lowland meadow area of ​​Hulunbuir City, covering a total area of ​​600 mu, this area saw 857,100 hectares of mountain and lowland meadows reclaimed between 1988 and 2009, accounting for 64.3% of the total grassland reclamation area of ​​the same type in the six leagues and cities in central and eastern Inner Mongolia. After reclamation, due to over-exploitation and the decline in lake water level, the grassland exhibits a mixed characteristic of degradation and mild salinization: soil organic matter decreased from 3.0% before reclamation to 1.2%, and the EC value of 0-40cm soil was 3.5-4.5ms / cm, indicating mild salinization. The vegetation is mainly composed of sheepgrass and sedge, with a current coverage of 40%-45%. At the same time, this area is adjacent to Hulun Lake. The core issues are the reduced water retention capacity of the lowland meadows after degradation, mild salinization around the lake, and the need for coordinated water replenishment from the lake for irrigation. A 5 mu / grid survey was conducted, focusing on detecting soil organic matter, EC value, and groundwater level, dividing the grassland into: degradation-dominated area A, salinization-dominated area G, and mixed transition area AG.

[0062] The peak water replenishment period for the lake area is from the 1st to the 5th of each month. Irrigation water use is staggered to the 6th to the 25th to avoid conflict with the ecological water replenishment of the lake. The main supply pipe 2 is laid along the edge of the wetlands around the lake area, and the end of the return pipe 5 is connected to the secondary wetlands around the lake area to realize the circulation of irrigation and wetland water replenishment.

[0063] Considering the heavy clay characteristics of lowland meadow soil, the initial flow rate was set at 12 m³ / s. 3 / h, to avoid water accumulation, the pressure of the main supply pipe 2 is controlled at 0.18-0.22MPa, and the unidirectional flow unit is made of corrosion-resistant material to cope with slightly saline water quality;

[0064] Soil moisture sensor 17 is pre-buried at a depth of 20-30cm (lowland meadows have shallow root systems), and daily monitoring of key wetlands is carried out simultaneously. EC value monitoring is added in the salinization-dominated G area, and the humidity threshold is set at 16%-20%. Local sedge seeds are also sown around sprinkler irrigation unit 1.

[0065] In another implementation, a wind and sand source control scenario was selected. The base of the sprinkler unit 1 was weighed 6kg, and the fixing sleeve 15 and the traction rope 16 were inserted to a depth of 50cm. The grassland was divided into: a lightly desertified area D and a mixed desertified and degraded area DE. Each area was equipped with 4 sets of sprinkler units 1.

[0066] To address the issue of strong winds and sandstorms, the gap between nozzle 12 and rotating ball 13 was increased to 3-4mm, resulting in larger droplet diameters (1-1.5mm). Spraying was avoided during periods of frequent wind and sandstorms (10:00-16:00). Emergency irrigation was also initiated during spring droughts (a period of frequent grassland droughts), with the flow rate increased to 15m³. 3 / h, the irrigation cycle is shortened to 5 days / time, ensuring that the soil moisture in the desertified area is not less than 12%; after irrigation, grazing land is returned to grassland, and a straw covering layer is laid around sprinkler unit 1 to reduce wind erosion.

[0067] In addition, during the survey of typical grassland ecological characteristics, the soil carrying capacity was tested as a key focus, and the grassland was divided into two zones: degraded grazing area B and severely degraded enclosure area C. Considering the loose soil characteristics of typical grasslands, the spacing of sprinkler irrigation units 1 was set at 5m, the pre-buried depth of the columns 11 was 30cm, and the initial flow rate was set at 10m³. 3 / h, main supply pipe 2 pressure control 0.2-0.25MPa, soil moisture sensor 17 pre-buried depth 30-40cm, monitoring interval shortened to 5 minutes, emergency irrigation started when humidity is below 10%, irrigation volume is 120% of the basic volume.

[0068] In summary, targeted restoration of different types of degraded grasslands can alleviate the pain points such as declining productivity, severe wind erosion in desertified areas, and salt accumulation in salinized areas. It can also be integrated with regional water resource allocation, improving water resource efficiency through staggered water use, precise volume control, and recycling, while avoiding conflicts with ecological water replenishment for lakes and wetlands. Furthermore, it can be integrated into the four-level grassland monitoring network to provide data support for monitoring and assessment, and offer an effective solution for the sustainable restoration of degraded grasslands.

[0069] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for ecological restoration irrigation of degraded vegetation of grasslands, characterized in that, The utility model provides a kind of grassland vegetation degradation ecological restoration irrigation device, including sprinkling irrigation unit, soil moisture sensor, spiral groove and reflux pipe, comprising the following steps: survey and scheme design before construction: grid survey is carried out to degraded grassland, and soil core index is detected and divided into degradation subarea;Irrigation device deployment: positioning and installing sprinkling irrigation unit according to degradation subarea, embedding column and embedding soil moisture sensor and debugging data transmission function, connecting main supply pipe and branch pipe, subbranch pipe and reflux pipe;Differentiated irrigation construction: based on the real-time data of soil moisture sensor, the direction of water flow is adjusted to stabilize water pressure by spiral groove, bottom irrigation, growth period irrigation and emergency irrigation are executed according to degradation subarea, and water volume and cycle are synchronously controlled;Post-irrigation maintenance and soil optimization: after irrigation, the excess salt water of salinization subarea is recycled, and subsequent irrigation parameters are dynamically adjusted combined with the data of soil moisture sensor;Effect acceptance and data archiving: detecting vegetation growth index and soil improvement effect in each subarea, collating irrigation device operating parameters, soil moisture sensor monitoring records and post-irrigation treatment data, and forming complete acceptance archives; The utility model provides a kind of grassland vegetation degradation ecological restoration irrigation device, including sprinkling irrigation unit, soil moisture sensor, spiral groove and reflux pipe, comprising the following steps: survey and scheme design before construction: grid survey is carried out to degraded grassland, and soil core index is detected and divided into degradation subarea;Irrigation device deployment: positioning and installing sprinkling irrigation unit according to degradation subarea, embedding column and embedding soil moisture sensor and debugging data transmission function, connecting main supply pipe and branch pipe, subbranch pipe and reflux pipe;Differentiated irrigation construction: based on the real-time data of soil moisture sensor, the direction of water flow is adjusted to stabilize water pressure by spiral groove, bottom irrigation, growth period irrigation and emergency irrigation are executed according to degradation subarea, and water volume and cycle are synchronously controlled;Post-irrigation maintenance and soil optimization: after irrigation, the excess salt water of salinization subarea is recycled, and subsequent irrigation parameters are dynamically adjusted combined with the data of soil moisture sensor;Effect acceptance and data archiving: detecting vegetation growth index and soil improvement effect in each subarea, collating irrigation device operating parameters, soil moisture sensor monitoring records and post-irrigation treatment data, and forming complete acceptance archives; 2. A method of ecological restoration irrigation of degraded grassland vegetation, characterized in that: The utility model provides a kind of grassland vegetation degradation ecological restoration irrigation device, including sprinkling irrigation unit, soil moisture sensor, spiral groove and reflux pipe, comprising the following steps: survey and scheme design before construction: grid survey is carried out to degraded grassland, and soil core index is detected and divided into degradation subarea;Irrigation device deployment: positioning and installing sprinkling irrigation unit according to degradation subarea, embedding column and embedding soil moisture sensor and debugging data transmission function, connecting main supply pipe and branch pipe, subbranch pipe and reflux pipe;Differentiated irrigation construction: based on the real-time data of soil moisture sensor, the direction of water flow is adjusted to stabilize water pressure by spiral groove, bottom irrigation, growth period irrigation and emergency irrigation are executed according to degradation subarea, and water volume and cycle are synchronously controlled;Post-irrigation maintenance and soil optimization: after irrigation, the excess salt water of salinization subarea is recycled, and subsequent irrigation parameters are dynamically adjusted combined with the data of soil moisture sensor;Effect acceptance and data archiving: detecting vegetation growth index and soil improvement effect in each subarea, collating irrigation device operating parameters, soil moisture sensor monitoring records and post-irrigation treatment data, and forming complete acceptance archives; Adopt the density of 1 survey point per 5 mu, collect 0-40 cm depth soil samples, detect indexes including sand content, EC value, soil humidity and vegetation coverage; Degradation partition division, based on survey data, the grassland is divided into three levels: First level partition: A area, B area, C area, D area, E area, F area, G area, H area; The second level partition is the transition zone of adjacent first level partition, which is divided into AB area, BC area, CD area, EF area, FG area, GH area; The third level partition is the mixed zone of different degradation types, which is divided into AE area, BF area, CG area, DH area; Irrigation device deployment specifically includes: the embedding depth of soil moisture sensor matches the vegetation root layer, each area corresponds to four soil moisture sensors, and the four soil moisture sensors are arranged as a group connected to the central control terminal.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: After the emergency irrigation is triggered, the weather linkage adjustment step is further included, when the wind-sand warning or drought warning issued by the grassland monitoring network is received, the distance between the spray head and the rotating ball is automatically adjusted, and the distance adjustment is realized by adjusting the height of the bottom support inside the spray head.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein: The distance between the spray head and the rotating ball is increased, the single spraying time is increased by 10%-15%, and the soil moisture sensor monitoring interval is shortened to 5 minutes, the real-time feedback of soil humidity change is realized, and the emergency irrigation is stopped until the humidity rises to 90% of the upper limit of the threshold.

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