A safety and reliability guarantee system and method for hydrogen-doped combustion of a thermal power generating unit

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of safe operation of thermal power generating units, and provides a safety and reliability guarantee system and method for hydrogen-doped combustion of a thermal power generating unit, which adopts infrared spectrum detection technology and electrochemical sensor detection technology to perform all-round and real-time hydrogen leakage monitoring on a boiler and related pipeline systems in the thermal power generating unit, and when hydrogen leakage is detected, an audible and visual alarm signal is sent, and multi-dimensional emergency treatment measures are automatically started; based on a closed-loop control logic of'monitoring-evaluation-response', multi-parameter coupling monitoring and hierarchical protection strategies are used to realize safety protection for hydrogen-doped combustion of the thermal power generating unit. The embodiment of the present application can effectively prevent safety accidents caused by hydrogen leakage, guarantee safe and reliable operation of hydrogen-doped combustion of the thermal power generating unit, and solve the problem of insufficient safety protection of traditional hydrogen-doped combustion thermal power generating units.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of safe operation technology for thermal power units, and in particular to a safety and reliability assurance system and method for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units. Background Technology

[0002] With the transformation of the energy structure, hydrogen-blended combustion technology in thermal power units has attracted widespread attention due to its ability to reduce carbon emissions and improve energy efficiency. However, hydrogen has characteristics such as low density, fast diffusion speed, and flammability and explosiveness, which poses many safety risks to thermal power units during hydrogen-blended combustion.

[0003] In existing technologies, the safety protection for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units has significant shortcomings. Firstly, hydrogen leak detection methods are limited and have low sensitivity. Some thermal power units rely solely on a small number of simple combustible gas detectors to monitor hydrogen leaks. However, these detectors are easily affected by environmental factors, cannot accurately detect trace amounts of hydrogen leaks, and have limited monitoring ranges, failing to provide comprehensive coverage of the boiler and related piping systems, posing a significant safety hazard. If a hydrogen leak occurs and is not detected in time, it can easily lead to explosions and other serious safety accidents when hydrogen accumulates to a certain concentration. Secondly, the safety protection interlocking system is inadequate. Traditional thermal power unit safety protection interlocking systems are mainly designed for conventional fuel combustion, typically focusing on pressure protection, temperature protection, and water level protection, lacking specific protection functions for hydrogen-blended combustion. However, during hydrogen-blended combustion, abnormal situations such as excessive hydrogen concentration and decreased combustion stability frequently occur, but existing safety protection interlocking systems cannot monitor and handle these issues in a timely and effective manner, failing to meet the safety and reliability requirements of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and efficient safety and reliability assurance system and method to ensure the safe operation of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a safety and reliability assurance system and method for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units. Through advanced hydrogen leakage monitoring technology and a comprehensive multi-layer safety protection interlocking system, it effectively prevents and responds to safety risks, and ensures the safe and reliable operation of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units.

[0005] One aspect of the present invention provides a safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units, the system comprising:

[0006] The hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system uses infrared spectroscopy detection technology and electrochemical sensor detection technology to conduct comprehensive and real-time monitoring of hydrogen leaks in boilers and related pipeline systems of thermal power units. When a hydrogen leak is detected, it issues an audible and visual alarm signal and automatically initiates multi-dimensional emergency response measures.

[0007] The multi-layered safety protection interlocking system is used for closed-loop control logic based on "monitoring-evaluation-response". Through multi-parameter coupled monitoring and hierarchical protection strategies, it can achieve safety protection for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units.

[0008] Optionally, the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system includes an infrared spectroscopy detection device, an electrochemical sensor, and a data processing unit;

[0009] The infrared spectroscopy detection equipment is used to utilize the absorption characteristics of hydrogen gas on infrared light of a specific wavelength to conduct comprehensive hydrogen gas leakage monitoring of relevant areas covering the boiler body and pipeline connection parts in the thermal power unit, and obtain corresponding infrared spectral detection data.

[0010] The electrochemical sensor is used to monitor hydrogen leakage at key nodes in the boiler and related pipeline systems of thermal power units and obtain corresponding electrochemical sensing detection data.

[0011] The data processing unit is used to analyze and process the infrared spectral detection data and the electrochemical sensing detection data to determine whether a hydrogen leak has occurred. If a hydrogen leak occurs, the unit determines the location and concentration of the leak, issues an audible and visual alarm signal, and automatically initiates corresponding multi-dimensional emergency response measures.

[0012] Optionally, the multi-safety protection interlocking system includes a hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module;

[0013] The hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module is used for:

[0014] The hydrogen concentration is detected by a hydrogen concentration sensor at a specified location inside the boiler of a thermal power unit and along the hydrogen delivery pipeline, and the corresponding hydrogen concentration measurement value is obtained.

[0015] According to the following formula, the Kalman filter algorithm is used to reduce the noise interference of the hydrogen concentration measurement value to obtain the corresponding hydrogen concentration estimate:

[0016] ;

[0017] in, This represents the Kalman gain at time t. This represents the measured hydrogen concentration at time t. This represents the control input matrix at time t. This represents the state observation matrix at time t. This represents the estimated hydrogen concentration at time t. This represents the estimated hydrogen concentration at time t-1;

[0018] Based on the alarm threshold reached by the estimated hydrogen concentration, corresponding safety protection measures shall be taken.

[0019] Optionally, the step of taking corresponding safety protection measures based on the alarm threshold reached by the estimated hydrogen concentration includes:

[0020] When the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the low concentration alarm threshold, low concentration safety protection measures shall be taken.

[0021] When the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the high concentration alarm threshold, high concentration safety protection measures shall be taken.

[0022] Emergency safety measures will be taken when the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the cutoff threshold.

[0023] Wherein, the low concentration alarm threshold is less than the high concentration alarm threshold, and the high concentration alarm threshold is less than the cut-off threshold.

[0024] Optionally, the multi-safety interlocking system includes a combustion stability protection module;

[0025] The combustion stability protection module is used for:

[0026] Flame intensity and flame frequency are collected using a flame detector installed inside the boiler;

[0027] Based on the flame intensity and the flame frequency, the flame fluctuation characteristics are analyzed using Fourier transform according to the following formula:

[0028] ;

[0029] in, Let represent the flame frequency at time t, which is a time-domain signal function; This indicates that the result obtained through Fourier transform analysis The frequency domain signal function; This represents the flame intensity at time t. Represents the natural constant. Represents the imaginary unit;

[0030] The combustion stability index S is determined according to the following formula:

[0031] ;

[0032] If the combustion stability index S is less than the stability threshold , will fuel ratio Adjust to ,in, Indicates the proportionality coefficient;

[0033] If the combustion stability index is less than the stability threshold after the fuel ratio is adjusted. If the duration exceeds a preset time threshold, the fuel supply will be cut off.

[0034] Optionally, the multi-layered security protection interlocking system includes:

[0035] The pressure protection module is used to monitor the internal pressure of the boiler in real time. When the internal pressure of the boiler exceeds the preset safe pressure threshold, the pressure relief device is quickly activated to relieve the pressure of the boiler to prevent the boiler from overpressure explosion.

[0036] The temperature protection module is used to monitor temperature changes in real time through temperature sensors distributed in key parts inside the boiler. When the temperature rises or falls abnormally, the combustion parameters are adjusted in a timely manner or corresponding cooling or heating measures are taken.

[0037] The water level protection module is used to monitor the boiler water level and ensure that the boiler water level is within the normal operating range to avoid dry burning or overfilling accidents.

[0038] Optionally, when the pressure protection module depressurizes the boiler, the depressurization rate is... satisfy:

[0039] ;

[0040] in, This refers to the real-time internal pressure of the boiler. Indicates the current moment. To preset a safe pressure threshold, This is the pressure relief coefficient.

[0041] Optionally, when adjusting combustion parameters, the temperature protection module uses a PID control algorithm to adjust the combustion parameters according to the adjustment amount shown in the following formula:

[0042] ;

[0043] in, Let be the adjustment amount at time t. The temperature deviation at time t and , For the target temperature, Let be the real-time temperature at time t. , , These are the proportional gain, integral gain, and derivative gain in the PID control algorithm.

[0044] Optionally, the modules included in the multi-security interlocking system are designed with redundancy.

[0045] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for ensuring the safety and reliability of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units, the method comprising:

[0046] Using infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical sensor detection technologies, the system monitors hydrogen leaks in boilers and related pipeline systems of thermal power units in a comprehensive and real-time manner. When a hydrogen leak is detected, it issues an audible and visual alarm signal and automatically initiates multi-dimensional emergency response measures.

[0047] Based on the closed-loop control logic of "monitoring-assessment-response", the safety protection of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units is achieved through multi-parameter coupled monitoring and hierarchical protection strategies.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0049] 1. To address the limitations of existing hydrogen leak monitoring methods, which suffer from limited scope and low sensitivity, this invention combines infrared spectroscopy with electrochemical sensor detection to achieve comprehensive, multi-dimensional monitoring of boilers and related piping systems. Infrared spectroscopy enables rapid scanning of large areas, while electrochemical sensors provide high-precision point-to-point monitoring of critical nodes. The two technologies complement each other, significantly expanding the monitoring range and improving monitoring sensitivity.

[0050] 2. Addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies in hydrogen leak emergency response—slow response speed and limited handling measures—the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system provided by this invention immediately issues audible and visual alarms upon detecting a hydrogen leak and automatically initiates multi-dimensional emergency response measures, including closing valves and activating ventilation equipment. These emergency response measures can be dynamically adjusted according to the leak situation. Furthermore, the multi-layered safety protection interlocking system, based on a closed-loop control logic of "monitoring-assessment-response," achieves safety protection for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units through multi-parameter coupled monitoring and graded protection strategies. Upon detecting an anomaly, it can quickly cut off the fuel supply, stop the burner, and activate targeted safety protection measures, making emergency response more timely and effective, and significantly improving the ability of thermal power units to cope with safety risks.

[0051] 3. Addressing the lack of specific protection functions for hydrogen-blended combustion in traditional thermal power unit safety protection interlock systems, this invention adds hydrogen concentration over-limit protection and combustion stability protection modules to the conventional protection functions. The hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module is equipped with multi-level alarm thresholds and corresponding handling measures, enabling different levels of response based on changes in hydrogen concentration. The combustion stability protection module monitors flame parameters in real time and uses intelligent algorithms to assess combustion stability, enabling timely detection and handling of combustion instability. Compared to existing technologies, this provides more comprehensive and complete safety protection functions, better meeting the safety requirements of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units.

[0052] 4. This invention incorporates a data processing unit in its hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system. This unit employs advanced algorithms to ensure accurate monitoring results. The multiple safety protection interlocking system utilizes redundant design for each protection module, ensuring the system continues to operate normally even if some equipment malfunctions. Compared to existing technologies, the system's reliability is significantly improved, effectively guaranteeing the stable operation of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units. Attached Figure Description

[0053] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with the corresponding pictures in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details are presented in the various embodiments of the present invention to facilitate a better understanding of the invention. However, the technical solutions claimed in the present invention can be implemented even without these technical details and with various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments. The division of the various embodiments below is for ease of description and should not constitute any limitation on the specific implementation of the present invention. The various embodiments can be combined with and referenced by each other without contradiction.

[0056] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system and a multi-layered safety protection interlocking system. The following section combines... Figure 1The hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system and the multi-layered safety protection interlocking system are explained in detail.

[0057] The hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system uses infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical sensor detection technologies to conduct comprehensive and real-time monitoring of hydrogen leaks in boilers and related pipeline systems of thermal power units. When a hydrogen leak is detected, it issues an audible and visual alarm signal and automatically initiates multi-dimensional emergency response measures.

[0058] Specifically, the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system integrates infrared spectroscopy detection technology and electrochemical sensor detection technology to achieve comprehensive, real-time monitoring of the boiler and related piping systems. Infrared spectroscopy detection technology utilizes the absorption characteristics of hydrogen gas to specific wavelengths of infrared light, enabling rapid scanning and monitoring of large areas, and can detect hydrogen leaks over a wide area in a short time. Electrochemical sensor detection technology provides high-precision, point-to-point monitoring of key nodes such as pipe interfaces and valves. It features high sensitivity and fast response speed, accurately detecting trace amounts of hydrogen leaks and providing real-time feedback on hydrogen concentration information.

[0059] For example, a hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system includes an infrared spectroscopy detection device, an electrochemical sensor, and a data processing unit.

[0060] Infrared spectroscopy detection equipment is used to utilize the absorption characteristics of hydrogen gas on infrared light of a specific wavelength to conduct comprehensive hydrogen gas leakage monitoring of relevant areas covering the boiler body and pipeline connection parts in thermal power units, and obtain corresponding infrared spectral detection data.

[0061] Specifically, infrared spectroscopy detection equipment can be rationally arranged and installed on the surface of boilers and related piping systems in thermal power units according to design requirements, ensuring that the detection range of the infrared spectroscopy detection equipment can cover large areas such as the boiler body and pipe connection parts, thereby obtaining infrared spectral detection data of these areas through the infrared spectroscopy detection equipment.

[0062] Electrochemical sensors are used to monitor hydrogen leaks at key points in boilers and related piping systems of thermal power units, and to obtain corresponding electrochemical sensing data.

[0063] Specifically, electrochemical sensors can be installed at key nodes such as pipe interfaces, valves, and flanges in thermal power units to obtain electrochemical sensing data at these key nodes.

[0064] The data processing unit is used to analyze and process infrared spectral detection data and electrochemical sensing detection data to determine whether a hydrogen leak has occurred. If a hydrogen leak occurs, it determines the location and concentration of the leak, issues an audible and visual alarm signal, and automatically initiates multi-dimensional emergency response measures.

[0065] Specifically, the data processing unit uses advanced signal processing algorithms and data analysis models to perform in-depth analysis and processing of infrared spectral detection data and electrochemical sensor detection data. This not only determines whether hydrogen is leaking, but also accurately determines the location and concentration of the leak.

[0066] When analyzing infrared spectral detection data, the spectral absorption interaction between a laser beam and hydrogen in the atmosphere can be utilized. Changes in the intensity of the absorbed laser light can be detected to determine if a hydrogen leak has occurred. If an abnormal attenuation of the laser intensity at a specific wavelength corresponding to the detected area is detected, and the attenuation exceeds the normal fluctuation range, a hydrogen leak can be identified in that area. An infrared detection network can be constructed by deploying multiple infrared laser detection devices, i.e., infrared spectral detection equipment. When an abnormal laser intensity is detected, the approximate location of the hydrogen leak can be determined using triangulation or other spatial positioning algorithms based on the locations and results of multiple detection points. Furthermore, information such as equipment layout and airflow direction can be combined to further narrow down the location of the hydrogen leak. According to Beer-Lambert's law, the attenuation of laser intensity is related to the hydrogen concentration. By establishing a mathematical model of laser intensity attenuation and hydrogen concentration, measuring the emitted and incident laser intensities, and combining parameters such as gas concentration function, atmospheric pressure, and infrared laser cross-sectional area, the absorption coefficient can be calculated, thus determining the concentration of leaked hydrogen.

[0067] Electrochemical sensors are based on electrochemical reactions. The reaction of hydrogen gas with a catalyst in an electrolyte solution generates an electrical signal, which is then output as electrochemical sensing data. When the electrical signal in the electrochemical sensing data output by a particular electrochemical sensor exceeds its normal operating range, it can be determined that a hydrogen leak has occurred in the vicinity of that sensor. Since the electrochemical sensor closest to the leak point will detect the electrical signal first during a hydrogen leak, the location of the leak can be determined by arranging an array of electrochemical sensors based on the timing and location of the signals generated by each sensor. For example, if multiple adjacent electrochemical sensors all detect electrical signals, and one sensor generates its signal earlier than the others, then the location of the earliest-generating sensor is near the hydrogen leak point. The electrical signal strength is positively correlated with the hydrogen concentration. By pre-calibrating the electrochemical sensors and establishing a correspondence between the electrical signal strength and hydrogen concentration, the hydrogen concentration can be calculated based on the detected electrical signal strength and this correspondence. In addition, the limiting current method can be used to calculate the amount of hydrogen leakage by measuring the current value under specific conditions, thereby determining the hydrogen concentration.

[0068] Once a hydrogen leak is detected, the data processing unit can immediately issue a high-decibel audible and visual alarm to alert personnel. Simultaneously, it automatically initiates emergency response procedures, such as closing valves associated with the leak, cutting off the hydrogen supply, activating ventilation equipment to accelerate the diffusion of leaked hydrogen, reduce its concentration, and prevent accidents. The data processing unit can also dynamically adjust the order and intensity of emergency response measures based on the location and concentration of the leak, such as prioritizing the closure of valves closest to the leak and increasing the power of ventilation equipment to reduce hydrogen concentration as quickly as possible and eliminate safety hazards.

[0069] In particular, when installing infrared spectroscopy detection equipment and electrochemical sensors, it is necessary to ensure that the equipment and sensors are in close contact with the monitoring site to avoid affecting the monitoring results due to improper installation. Simultaneously, the infrared spectroscopy detection equipment and electrochemical sensors can be connected to the data processing unit via data transmission lines to ensure that the infrared spectroscopy detection data and electrochemical sensor detection data can be accurately and stably transmitted to the data processing unit.

[0070] The multi-safety protection interlocking system is used for closed-loop control logic based on "monitoring-evaluation-response". Through multi-parameter coupled monitoring and hierarchical protection strategies, it achieves safety protection for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units.

[0071] Specifically, a multi-layered security protection interlocking system can be equipped with multiple types of protection modules to perform targeted monitoring and security protection through different types of protection modules.

[0072] For example, a multi-layered safety protection interlocking system includes a pressure protection module, a temperature protection module, and a water level protection module.

[0073] The pressure protection module is used to monitor the internal pressure of the boiler in real time. When the internal pressure of the boiler exceeds the preset safe pressure threshold, the pressure relief device is quickly activated to relieve the pressure of the boiler to prevent the boiler from overpressure explosion.

[0074] Specifically, the pressure protection module can utilize pressure sensors (with an accuracy of ±0.5%FS) installed in key locations inside the boiler, such as the furnace, superheater, and economizer, to collect the boiler's internal pressure in real time. The pressure protection module can also use a control unit to determine whether the boiler's internal pressure exceeds a preset safe pressure threshold based on the pressure data collected by the pressure sensors. If the internal pressure exceeds the preset safe pressure threshold, the module quickly activates a pressure relief device to release pressure from the boiler, preventing overpressure explosion. Each pressure sensor and the pressure relief device can be connected to the control unit via control lines to ensure accurate and stable data transmission.

[0075] For example, when the pressure protection module depressurizes the boiler, it can trigger the electromagnetic pressure relief valve to release pressure at a rate of [missing information]. satisfy: .

[0076] in, This represents the real-time internal pressure of the boiler, expressed in MPa. Indicates the current moment. This is a preset safe pressure threshold, measured in MPa. The pressure relief coefficient is related to the boiler capacity and is expressed in MPa / s / MPa.

[0077] The temperature protection module is used to monitor temperature changes in real time through temperature sensors distributed in key parts inside the boiler. When the temperature rises or falls abnormally, the combustion parameters are adjusted in a timely manner or corresponding cooling or heating measures are taken.

[0078] Specifically, the temperature protection module can employ a distributed temperature sensor network composed of various temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of key components inside the boiler. Each temperature sensor can be a K-type thermocouple, installed in key locations inside the boiler such as the furnace, superheater, and economizer. The temperature protection module can also utilize a control unit to determine internal boiler temperature changes based on the temperature data collected by the sensors. When the internal boiler temperature abnormally rises or falls, the control actuators will promptly adjust combustion parameters or implement corresponding cooling or heating measures. Each temperature sensor and actuator can be connected to the control unit via control lines to ensure accurate and stable data transmission.

[0079] For example, when adjusting combustion parameters, the temperature protection module uses a PID control algorithm to adjust the combustion parameters according to the adjustment amount shown in the following formula:

[0080] .

[0081] in, The adjustment amount (such as fuel quantity, air volume) at time t. The temperature deviation at time t and . The target temperature. Let t be the real-time temperature at time t. , , These are the proportional gain, integral gain, and derivative gain in the PID control algorithm. The PID control algorithm is also known as the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm.

[0082] The water level protection module is used to monitor the boiler water level and ensure that the boiler water level is within the normal operating range to avoid dry burning or overfilling accidents.

[0083] Specifically, the water level protection module collects boiler water level data through water level sensors installed in components such as the boiler water tank, and monitors the boiler water level based on this data. The water level protection module can also use a control module to determine whether the boiler water level is within the normal operating range based on the data. If the boiler water level is outside the normal operating range, the module controls actuators such as the boiler water tank to adjust the boiler water level to prevent dry burning or overfilling accidents. Each water level sensor and actuator is connected to the control unit via control lines to ensure accurate and stable data transmission.

[0084] For example, the multi-level safety protection interlocking system includes a hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module. This system is designed to address the characteristics of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units by incorporating a hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module. This module uses multi-level alarm thresholds and corresponding handling measures to respond to changes in hydrogen concentration at different levels.

[0085] The hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module is specifically used for:

[0086] The hydrogen concentration is detected by a hydrogen concentration sensor at a specified location inside the boiler of a thermal power unit and along the hydrogen delivery pipeline, and the corresponding hydrogen concentration measurement value is obtained.

[0087] According to the following formula, the Kalman filter algorithm is used to reduce noise interference in the hydrogen concentration measurement value to obtain the corresponding hydrogen concentration estimate:

[0088] ;

[0089] in, This represents the Kalman gain at time t. This represents the measured hydrogen concentration at time t. This represents the control input matrix at time t. This represents the state observation matrix at time t. This represents the estimated hydrogen concentration at time t. This represents the estimated hydrogen concentration at time t-1;

[0090] Based on the alarm threshold reached by the estimated hydrogen concentration, corresponding safety protection measures shall be taken.

[0091] Specifically, hydrogen concentration sensors can be installed inside the boiler of a thermal power unit and at appropriate locations along the hydrogen transmission pipeline to collect hydrogen concentration data at the corresponding locations and obtain corresponding hydrogen concentration measurements.

[0092] Alarm thresholds can include three concentration levels: a low concentration alarm threshold, a high concentration alarm threshold, and a cutoff threshold. The low concentration alarm threshold is lower than the high concentration alarm threshold, and the high concentration alarm threshold is lower than the cutoff threshold. For example, the low concentration alarm threshold C... low It can be set to 20% of the lower limit of hydrogen explosion concentration. High concentration alarm threshold C high It can be set to 50% of the lower limit of hydrogen explosion concentration. Cut-off threshold C cut It can be set to 80% of the lower limit of hydrogen explosion concentration.

[0093] Therefore, based on the alarm threshold reached by the estimated hydrogen concentration, corresponding safety protection measures are taken, including:

[0094] When the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the low concentration alarm threshold, low concentration safety protection measures shall be taken.

[0095] When the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the high concentration alarm threshold, high concentration safety protection measures shall be taken.

[0096] Emergency safety measures will be taken when the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the cutoff threshold.

[0097] Specifically, when the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the low-concentration alarm threshold, the risk of hydrogen explosion is low. Therefore, low-concentration safety protection measures can include issuing a warning signal to prompt personnel to inspect and maintain the components in the corresponding locations to prevent further hydrogen leakage. When the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the high-concentration alarm threshold, the risk of hydrogen explosion increases. Therefore, high-concentration safety protection measures can include immediately cutting off the fuel supply through interlocking devices, stopping the burner, and activating emergency ventilation. When the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the cut-off threshold, the risk of hydrogen explosion further increases. Therefore, emergency safety protection measures can include cutting off the gas source, ventilating to reduce concentration, eliminating ignition sources, personnel protection, monitoring and early warning, and emergency response coordination.

[0098] For example, the multi-safety protection interlocking system includes a combustion stability protection module. This system, designed for the characteristics of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units, has been functionally expanded to include a combustion stability protection module. This module uses flame monitoring devices installed inside the boiler, particularly flame detectors in the furnace, to collect real-time data on flame intensity and frequency. Intelligent algorithms are then used to assess combustion stability. Upon detecting combustion instability, the system first attempts to restore stability by adjusting fuel ratios and burner parameters. If combustion stability cannot be restored within a preset time threshold, the fuel supply is quickly cut off, and the burner stops operating, preventing accidents such as flameout or explosion caused by combustion instability.

[0099] The combustion stability protection module is specifically used for:

[0100] Flame intensity and flame frequency are collected using a flame detector installed inside the boiler;

[0101] Based on flame intensity and flame frequency, the flame fluctuation characteristics are analyzed using Fourier transform according to the following formula:

[0102] ;

[0103] in, Let represent the flame frequency at time t, which is a time-domain signal function; This indicates that the result obtained through Fourier transform analysis The frequency domain signal function; This represents the flame intensity at time t. Represents the natural constant. Represents the imaginary unit;

[0104] The combustion stability index S is determined according to the following formula:

[0105] ;

[0106] If the combustion stability index S is less than the stability threshold , will fuel ratio Adjust to ,in, This represents the proportionality coefficient, which usually satisfies 0 < <1;

[0107] If the combustion stability index is less than the stability threshold after the fuel ratio is adjusted. If the duration exceeds a preset time threshold, the fuel supply will be cut off.

[0108] In other words, the fuel cut-off signal can be set as follows:

[0109] Fuel cut-off signal = .

[0110] Here, t refers to the combustion stability index being less than the stability threshold. Duration, This refers to a preset time threshold. When the fuel cut-off signal is 1, it indicates that combustion stability cannot be restored within the preset time threshold, and the combustion stability protection module needs to cut off the fuel supply through relevant actuators to prevent accidents such as flameout or explosion caused by combustion instability. When the fuel cut-off signal is 0, it indicates that combustion is stable or that combustion stability has been restored within the preset time threshold, so there is no need to cut off the fuel supply.

[0111] For example, the modules included in a multi-layered security protection interlocking system are designed with redundancy.

[0112] In other words, the multi-safety protection interlocking system, including the pressure protection module, temperature protection module, water level protection module, hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module, and combustion stability protection module, can all adopt a redundant design, that is, set up multiple monitoring units with the same function. When one monitoring unit fails, the other monitoring units can still work normally to ensure the continuity and reliability of the corresponding monitoring data.

[0113] In terms of system construction, the safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be achieved through the following aspects:

[0114] 1. Equipment installation for the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system: Infrared spectroscopy detection equipment should be rationally arranged and installed on the surface of the boiler and related piping systems in the thermal power unit according to design requirements, ensuring coverage of large areas such as the boiler body and pipe connections. Electrochemical sensors should be installed at key nodes such as pipe interfaces, valves, and flanges in the thermal power unit. During installation, ensure close contact between the electrochemical sensors and the monitored areas to avoid affecting monitoring results due to improper installation. Simultaneously, connect the infrared spectroscopy detection equipment and electrochemical sensors to the data processing unit via data transmission lines to ensure accurate and stable transmission of monitoring data obtained from the infrared spectroscopy detection equipment and electrochemical sensors to the data processing unit.

[0115] 2. Equipment Installation for the Multiple Safety Protection Interlock System: Temperature and pressure sensors are installed in key areas inside the boiler, such as the furnace, superheater, and economizer, for temperature and pressure protection modules, respectively. Water level sensors are installed in the boiler water tank for water level protection. Hydrogen concentration sensors are installed at appropriate locations inside the boiler and along the hydrogen delivery pipeline for hydrogen concentration over-limit protection. Flame monitoring devices, such as flame detectors, are installed in the furnace for combustion stability protection. All sensors used in each protection module, as well as the actuators performing the corresponding safety protection measures, are connected to the control unit that performs data analysis via control circuits, constructing a complete safety protection network.

[0116] 3. System Debugging: After equipment installation, the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system was debugged. The infrared spectroscopy detection equipment and electrochemical sensors were calibrated using a standard hydrogen gas source, and equipment parameters were adjusted to ensure accurate and reliable monitoring data. The audible and visual alarm signals were tested for normal operation, and emergency response measures were checked for automatic activation and effective execution. The multiple safety protection interlock system was debugged, simulating various abnormal operating conditions such as pressure overpressure, abnormal temperature, excessive hydrogen concentration, and unstable combustion. The accuracy of each protection module in detecting abnormalities was checked, as well as the ability of the corresponding interlock devices to quickly cut off the fuel supply and the timely activation and effectiveness of the corresponding safety protection measures were verified. Based on the debugging results, the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system and the multiple safety protection interlock system were optimized and adjusted to ensure normal operation of all functions.

[0117] In terms of system operation, the safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be achieved through the following aspects:

[0118] 1. Initial Operation: During the initial startup phase, the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system and the multiple safety protection interlock system are initialized, setting the normal operating parameter ranges, alarm thresholds, and activation conditions for emergency response measures for each monitoring device. The monitoring devices and protection modules within the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system and the multiple safety protection interlock system are then activated, and the safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in the thermal power unit enters normal operation, beginning real-time data acquisition.

[0119] 2. Real-time monitoring and early warning: The hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system continuously monitors the boiler and pipeline systems in the thermal power unit for hydrogen leaks. The data processing unit analyzes the monitoring data in real time. Once a hydrogen leak is detected, it immediately issues an audible and visual alarm signal and initiates the emergency response procedure. The multiple safety protection interlocking system's various protection modules monitor parameters such as pressure, temperature, water level, hydrogen concentration, and combustion stability in real time. When the monitored data exceeds the preset normal range, it promptly issues an early warning signal and takes corresponding measures based on the severity of the abnormality.

[0120] 3. Anomaly Handling and Recovery: Upon detecting an anomaly, the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system and the multiple safety protection interlocking system react rapidly according to the predetermined procedures. In the event of a hydrogen leak, relevant valves are immediately shut off and ventilation equipment is activated; in the event of overpressure, the pressure relief device is activated; if combustion is unstable, combustion parameters are first adjusted, and if combustion stability cannot be restored within a preset time threshold, the fuel supply is cut off. After the anomaly is handled, a comprehensive inspection of the safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in the thermal power unit is conducted. Once it is confirmed that the equipment is undamaged and all parameters have returned to normal, the system is restarted to restore normal operation. Simultaneously, the anomaly is recorded and analyzed in detail to summarize lessons learned, providing a basis for the optimization and improvement of the safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in subsequent thermal power units.

[0121] 4. System Maintenance: Regularly clean, calibrate, and maintain the infrared spectroscopy detection equipment and electrochemical sensors of the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system, replacing aging or damaged components to ensure stable performance of the monitoring equipment. Inspect and maintain each protection module of the multi-safety interlocking system, including sensor calibration, testing of related interlocking devices, and maintenance of related actuators, to ensure the reliability of the multi-safety interlocking system. Simultaneously, regularly update and upgrade the software of the hydrogen blending combustion safety and reliability assurance system for thermal power units, optimizing data processing algorithms and control strategies to improve overall performance.

[0122] The safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units provided by the embodiments of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0123] 1. To address the limitations of existing hydrogen leak monitoring methods, which suffer from limited scope and low sensitivity, this invention combines infrared spectroscopy with electrochemical sensor detection, enabling comprehensive and multi-dimensional monitoring of boilers and related piping systems. Infrared spectroscopy allows for rapid scanning of large areas, while electrochemical sensors provide high-precision point-to-point monitoring of critical nodes. The two technologies complement each other, expanding the monitoring range and significantly improving monitoring sensitivity.

[0124] 2. Addressing the issues of slow response and limited emergency response measures in existing hydrogen leak response technologies, the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system provided in this invention can immediately issue audible and visual alarm signals upon detecting a hydrogen leak and automatically initiate multi-dimensional emergency response measures, including closing valves and activating ventilation equipment. These emergency response measures can be dynamically adjusted according to the leak situation. Furthermore, the multi-layered safety protection interlocking system, based on a closed-loop control logic of "monitoring-assessment-response," achieves safety protection for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units through multi-parameter coupled monitoring and graded protection strategies. Upon detecting an anomaly, it can quickly cut off the fuel supply, stop the burner, and activate targeted safety protection measures, making emergency response more timely and effective, and significantly improving the ability of thermal power units to cope with safety risks.

[0125] 3. Addressing the lack of specific protection functions for hydrogen-blended combustion in traditional thermal power unit safety protection interlock systems, this invention adds hydrogen concentration over-limit protection and combustion stability protection modules to the conventional protection functions. The hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module has multiple alarm thresholds and corresponding handling measures, enabling different levels of response based on changes in hydrogen concentration. The combustion stability protection module monitors flame parameters in real time and uses intelligent algorithms to assess combustion stability, enabling timely detection and handling of combustion instability. Compared to existing technologies, this provides more comprehensive and complete safety protection functions, better meeting the safety requirements of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units.

[0126] 4. In this embodiment of the invention, a data processing unit is set up in the hydrogen leakage monitoring and early warning system. The data processing unit adopts advanced algorithms to ensure the accuracy of monitoring results. Each protection module of the multi-safety protection interlocking system adopts a redundant design. Even if some equipment fails, the system can still operate normally. Compared with the prior art, the reliability of the system is greatly improved, effectively ensuring the stable operation of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units.

[0127] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for ensuring the safety and reliability of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units, comprising: using infrared spectroscopy detection technology and electrochemical sensor detection technology to conduct comprehensive and real-time hydrogen leakage monitoring of the boiler and related piping systems in the thermal power unit; issuing audible and visual alarm signals when hydrogen leakage is detected, and automatically initiating multi-dimensional emergency response measures; and achieving safety protection for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units through multi-parameter coupled monitoring and graded protection strategies based on a closed-loop control logic of "monitoring-evaluation-response".

[0128] The method for ensuring the safety and reliability of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented based on the safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0129] The method for ensuring the safety and reliability of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units provided by the embodiments of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0130] 1. Hydrogen Leakage Monitoring Procedures: Utilizing the infrared spectroscopy detection equipment and electrochemical sensors of the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system, continuous, comprehensive, and real-time monitoring of the boiler and related piping systems is conducted to ensure complete coverage without blind spots. Simultaneously, the infrared spectroscopy detection equipment and electrochemical sensors are regularly calibrated and maintained to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0131] 2. Leakage Warning and Handling Procedures: The data processing unit of the hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system analyzes the monitoring data obtained by the infrared spectroscopy detection equipment and electrochemical sensors in real time. Once a hydrogen leak is detected, an audible and visual alarm signal is immediately issued, and multi-dimensional emergency response measures are automatically initiated. The activation sequence and intensity of emergency response measures are dynamically adjusted according to the concentration and location of the hydrogen leak, such as prioritizing the closure of valves closest to the leak point and increasing the power of ventilation equipment, in order to reduce the hydrogen concentration as quickly as possible and eliminate safety hazards.

[0132] 3. Safety Parameter Monitoring Procedures: Utilizing the pressure protection module, temperature protection module, water level protection module, hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module, and combustion stability protection module within the multi-layered safety protection interlocking system, parameters such as pressure, temperature, water level, hydrogen concentration, and combustion stability are monitored in real time during boiler operation. Each protection module employs a redundant design, meaning it has multiple monitoring units with identical functions. When one monitoring unit fails, the others can still operate normally, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0133] 4. Abnormal Handling Procedures: When the multi-safety interlock system detects any abnormality, the corresponding interlock device will quickly activate, cutting off the fuel supply and stopping the burner operation. Simultaneously, depending on the specific abnormality, appropriate safety protection measures will be initiated, such as activating the pressure relief device in case of overpressure or emergency ventilation in case of excessive hydrogen concentration. The time, type, and relevant parameters of the abnormality will be recorded in detail for subsequent accident analysis and system optimization.

[0134] The method for ensuring the safety and reliability of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units provided by the embodiments of the present invention can effectively prevent safety accidents caused by hydrogen leakage compared with the prior art, ensure the safe and reliable operation of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units, and solve the problem of insufficient safety protection in traditional hydrogen-blended combustion thermal power units.

[0135] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific implementations of the present invention, and in practical applications, various changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units, characterized in that, The safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units includes: The hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system uses infrared spectroscopy detection technology and electrochemical sensor detection technology to conduct comprehensive and real-time monitoring of hydrogen leaks in boilers and related pipeline systems of thermal power units. When a hydrogen leak is detected, it issues an audible and visual alarm signal and automatically initiates multi-dimensional emergency response measures. A multi-layered safety protection interlocking system is used for closed-loop control logic based on "monitoring-evaluation-response". Through multi-parameter coupled monitoring and hierarchical protection strategies, it achieves safety protection for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units. The multi-safety protection interlocking system includes a hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module; The hydrogen concentration over-limit protection module is used for: The hydrogen concentration is detected by a hydrogen concentration sensor at a specified location inside the boiler of a thermal power unit and along the hydrogen delivery pipeline, and the corresponding hydrogen concentration measurement value is obtained. According to the following formula, the Kalman filter algorithm is used to reduce the noise interference of the hydrogen concentration measurement value to obtain the corresponding hydrogen concentration estimate: ； in, This represents the Kalman gain at time t. This represents the measured hydrogen concentration at time t. This represents the control input matrix at time t. This represents the state observation matrix at time t. This represents the estimated hydrogen concentration at time t. This represents the estimated hydrogen concentration at time t-1; Based on the alarm threshold reached by the estimated hydrogen concentration, corresponding safety protection measures shall be taken.

2. The safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen leak monitoring and early warning system includes an infrared spectroscopy detection device, an electrochemical sensor, and a data processing unit. The infrared spectroscopy detection equipment is used to utilize the absorption characteristics of hydrogen gas on infrared light of a specific wavelength to conduct comprehensive hydrogen gas leakage monitoring of relevant areas covering the boiler body and pipeline connection parts in the thermal power unit, and obtain corresponding infrared spectral detection data. The electrochemical sensor is used to monitor hydrogen leakage at key nodes in the boiler and related pipeline systems of thermal power units and obtain corresponding electrochemical sensing detection data. The data processing unit is used to analyze and process the infrared spectral detection data and the electrochemical sensing detection data to determine whether a hydrogen leak has occurred. If a hydrogen leak occurs, the unit determines the location and concentration of the leak, issues an audible and visual alarm signal, and automatically initiates corresponding multi-dimensional emergency response measures.

3. The safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corresponding safety protection measures are taken based on the alarm threshold reached according to the estimated hydrogen concentration, including: When the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the low concentration alarm threshold, low concentration safety protection measures shall be taken. When the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the high concentration alarm threshold, high concentration safety protection measures shall be taken. Emergency safety measures will be taken when the estimated hydrogen concentration reaches the cutoff threshold. Wherein, the low concentration alarm threshold is less than the high concentration alarm threshold, and the high concentration alarm threshold is less than the cut-off threshold.

4. The safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-safety protection interlocking system includes a combustion stability protection module; The combustion stability protection module is used for: Flame intensity and flame frequency are collected using a flame detector installed inside the boiler; Based on the flame intensity and the flame frequency, the flame fluctuation characteristics are analyzed using Fourier transform according to the following formula: ； in, Let represent the flame frequency at time t, which is a time-domain signal function; This indicates that the result obtained through Fourier transform analysis The frequency domain signal function; This represents the flame intensity at time t. Represents the natural constant. Represents the imaginary unit; The combustion stability index S is determined according to the following formula: ； If the combustion stability index S is less than the stability threshold , will fuel ratio Adjust to ,in, Indicates the proportionality coefficient; If the combustion stability index is less than the stability threshold after the fuel ratio is adjusted. If the duration exceeds a preset time threshold, the fuel supply will be cut off.

5. The safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-layered security protection interlocking system includes: The pressure protection module is used to monitor the internal pressure of the boiler in real time. When the internal pressure of the boiler exceeds the preset safe pressure threshold, the pressure relief device is quickly activated to relieve the pressure of the boiler to prevent the boiler from overpressure explosion. The temperature protection module is used to monitor temperature changes in real time through temperature sensors distributed in key parts inside the boiler. When the temperature rises or falls abnormally, the combustion parameters are adjusted in a timely manner or corresponding cooling or heating measures are taken. The water level protection module is used to monitor the boiler water level and ensure that the boiler water level is within the normal operating range to avoid dry burning or overfilling accidents.

6. The safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the pressure protection module depressurizes the boiler, the depressurization rate is... satisfy: ； in, This refers to the real-time internal pressure of the boiler. Indicates the current moment. To preset a safe pressure threshold, This is the pressure relief coefficient.

7. The safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units according to claim 5, characterized in that, When adjusting combustion parameters, the temperature protection module uses a PID control algorithm to adjust the combustion parameters according to the adjustment amount shown in the following formula: ； in, Let be the adjustment amount at time t. The temperature deviation at time t and , For the target temperature, Let be the real-time temperature at time t. , , These are the proportional gain, integral gain, and derivative gain in the PID control algorithm.

8. The safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The modules included in the multi-layered security protection interlocking system are designed with redundancy.

9. A method for ensuring the safety and reliability of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units, characterized in that, The method for ensuring the safety and reliability of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units is implemented based on the safety and reliability assurance system for hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and the method for ensuring the safety and reliability of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units includes: Using infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical sensor detection technologies, the system monitors hydrogen leaks in boilers and related pipeline systems of thermal power units in a comprehensive and real-time manner. When a hydrogen leak is detected, it issues an audible and visual alarm signal and automatically initiates multi-dimensional emergency response measures. Based on the closed-loop control logic of "monitoring-assessment-response", the safety protection of hydrogen-blended combustion in thermal power units is achieved through multi-parameter coupled monitoring and hierarchical protection strategies.

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