A triaxial compression-based surrounding rock seepage experiment device and a detection method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a surrounding rock seepage experimental device and its detection method based on triaxial compression, comprising: a base, an arched frame fixed on the base, and a triaxial pressure component, an axial loading component, a seepage component, and a data acquisition component mounted on the base; the triaxial pressure component includes a confining pressure adaptive homogenization device. This invention utilizes a lifting drive component to adjust the position of the outer cylinder in real time through the confining pressure adaptive homogenization device, automatically compensating for the pressure gradient on the rock sample surface, ensuring uniform transmission of confining pressure, and fundamentally suppressing localized deformation causes; addressing the disconnect in dynamic deformation location data caused by insufficient monitoring capabilities, the multidimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component moves around the rock sample under the drive of the drive component, locking the localized deformation area in real time, and simultaneously capturing the seepage state parameters (such as permeability and flow velocity) at that location, ensuring strict correspondence between the data and the deformation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a test device and testing method for seepage in surrounding rock based on triaxial compression, belonging to the field of test device technology. Background Technology

[0002] Rock flow testing is a core method for studying the deformation and failure mechanisms of rock masses under stress-flow coupling. The accuracy of the data directly affects the reliability of disaster prediction in fields such as tunnel engineering and mine safety. Existing triaxial flow testing equipment, due to design flaws, struggles to reproduce the dynamic coupling process of real strata, leading to distorted experimental data. The fundamental problem can be attributed to insufficient data acquisition accuracy, and this problem is caused by a causal chain of multiple factors: First, the traditional end-head design causes fluid to be concentrated only at the end face. Uneven confining pressure transmission leads to an imbalance in the stress distribution of the rock sample, inducing localized deformation. The imbalance in seepage distribution further exacerbates the non-uniformity of stress-flow coupling, accelerating the dynamic migration of the deformation zone.

[0003] Existing fixed sensors cannot track deformation locations, easily leading to a lack of monitoring capabilities and the inability to capture seepage status data in key areas. These three factors form a progressive causal relationship: uneven confining pressure is the cause of deformation, uneven seepage is the amplifier of deformation, and ultimately leads to the dynamic shift of localized deformation locations.

[0004] Because existing equipment lacks the ability to track deformation locations in real time, seepage monitoring data is disconnected from the deformation area, resulting in inaccurate acquisition of seepage state parameters. For example, key indicators such as permeability and flow velocity at deformation points cannot be acquired simultaneously, causing experimental results to deviate from the actual surrounding rock behavior. This leads to unpredictable local deformation due to deficiencies in confining pressure and seepage control in existing equipment. Combined with the static limitations of monitoring methods, this systematically weakens the accuracy of data acquisition, failing to meet the requirements for high-precision engineering prediction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a surrounding rock seepage test device and its detection method based on triaxial compression, so as to solve the problems of the existing technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0007] A test apparatus for surrounding rock seepage based on triaxial compression, comprising:

[0008] The base, the arched frame fixed on the base, and the triaxial pressure assembly, axial loading assembly, seepage assembly and data acquisition assembly mounted on the base;

[0009] The triaxial pressure assembly includes a confining pressure adaptive homogenization device, which automatically adjusts the pressure distribution to control the confining pressure to be uniformly transmitted to the rock sample surface. The confining pressure adaptive homogenization device includes a lifting drive assembly fixedly installed on the frame and an outer cylinder disposed below the lifting drive assembly. The lifting drive assembly controls the lifting and lowering of the outer cylinder.

[0010] The seepage assembly includes a set of seepage pressure heads disposed inside the outer cylinder. The rock sample is fixedly installed through the seepage pressure heads. A full-surface seepage distribution assembly is wrapped around the surface of the rock sample. The full-surface seepage distribution assembly controls the seepage fluid to be evenly distributed on the entire surface of the rock sample.

[0011] The data acquisition component includes a multi-dimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component movably disposed on the inner side of the outer cylinder, and a drive component that drives the multi-dimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component to move around the rock sample. The multi-dimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component moves around the rock sample to acquire seepage status data at the localized deformation location of the rock sample.

[0012] The control module is electrically connected to the drive component, the lifting drive component, the axial loading component, and the seepage component, and is used to control the test process and synchronously collect and receive rock sample state data.

[0013] As a further improvement, the confining pressure adaptive homogenization device includes a confining pressure sleeve installed inside the outer cylinder, and a plurality of confining pressure cavities are provided inside the confining pressure sleeve. The confining pressure cavities are connected to an external pressurizing device, which is electrically connected to a control module. The confining pressure cavities in the pressing state compress the rock sample, and two seepage pressure heads are embedded in the middle of the upper and lower ends of the confining pressure sleeve.

[0014] The lifting drive assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the frame and a hydraulic cylinder connected to the top of the outer cylinder. An external hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic cylinder to drive the outer cylinder to lift and lower. The hydraulic pump is electrically connected to the control module.

[0015] As a further improvement, the full-surface seepage distribution assembly includes an inlet pipe connected to the seepage head located above, an outlet pipe connected to the seepage head located below, an inner sleeve covering the rock sample, the inner sleeve being installed inside the confining pressure sleeve, and the top and bottom of the rock sample abutting against the seepage head;

[0016] It also includes an axial extensometer installed inside the outer cylinder and a radial sensor installed inside the confining sleeve. The axial extensometer and radial sensor are electrically connected to the control module.

[0017] As a further improvement, the multidimensional penetration monitoring and acquisition component includes a guide component disposed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder and a detection head movably mounted on the guide component. The guide component includes an upper guide strip and a lower guide strip fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the outer cylinder, and a guide groove located between the upper and lower guide strips. A power supply rail is embedded in the upper guide strip. The drive component is mounted on the end of the detection head facing the guide groove. The drive component includes a set of rotating shafts, a motor driving the rotating shafts to rotate, and a gear fixed at the end of the rotating shafts. A bushing is sleeved on the outside of the rotating shafts. A charging ring is embedded in the outer ring of the bushing corresponding to the power supply rail. The bushing is fixedly mounted on one side of the detection head. The charging ring is electrically connected to the detection head and the motor. The detection head includes a CT imaging sensor.

[0018] As a further improvement, a silicone strip is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper guide strip above the guide groove, and a rack is provided on the inner side of the lower guide strip below the guide groove. The rack meshes with a gear, and the gear is in contact with the silicone strip.

[0019] As a further improvement, the guiding assembly includes a first guide strip group, which is disposed around the middle of the inner surface of the outer cylinder.

[0020] As a further improvement, the guiding assembly includes a second group of guide strips, which are arranged alternately around the inner surface of the outer cylinder from bottom to top.

[0021] As a further improvement, the second guide bar group also includes a break section provided between the intersecting upper and lower guide bars, and a guide block is rotatably installed at the break section by a rotating rod. The two ends of the guide block are connected to the break sections of the upper and lower guide bars in the same group.

[0022] The outer side of the guide block is provided with guide teeth, which mesh with the gear.

[0023] As a further improvement, a micro motor is also included, which is installed on the outer cylinder. One end of the rotating rod is inserted into the micro motor. The micro motor controls the rotating rod to drive the guide block to rotate, dynamically connecting the break ends of the upper and lower guide bars in the same group.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] This invention utilizes a confining pressure adaptive homogenization device to adjust the position of the outer cylinder in real time using a lifting drive component, automatically compensating for the pressure gradient on the rock sample surface, ensuring uniform transmission of confining pressure, and fundamentally suppressing the causes of localized deformation. In response to the coupled non-uniformity caused by the aggravated imbalance in seepage distribution, a full-surface seepage distribution component covers the entire circumference of the rock sample, and combined with the seepage pressure head, it achieves uniform fluid injection, eliminates the end concentration effect, and dynamically matches the seepage field with the stress field.

[0026] To address the disconnect between dynamic deformation location data caused by the lack of monitoring capabilities, the multidimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component moves around the rock sample under the drive of the drive component, locks the localized deformation area in real time, and simultaneously captures the seepage state parameters (such as permeability and flow velocity) at that location, ensuring that the data strictly corresponds to the deformation process.

[0027] When using the equipment, the rock sample is fixed to the seepage head. After the control module is started, the axial loading component applies the load, the confining pressure adaptive homogenization device automatically calibrates the confining pressure, the full surface seepage distribution component distributes the fluid evenly, and the multi-dimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component dynamically tracks the deformation points to collect data. The entire process is synchronously controlled and recorded by the control module.

[0028] By employing a triple-synergistic mechanism of confining pressure, seepage, and monitoring, high-fidelity simulation of the stress-seepage coupling process is achieved, significantly improving the spatiotemporal resolution of seepage state data and providing a reliable basis for engineering prediction. Compared to existing equipment, this scheme overcomes the limitations of static monitoring, ensuring no data omissions in key deformation zones through dynamic tracking capabilities. Simultaneously, the adaptive confining pressure and full-surface seepage design eliminate distribution distortion caused by traditional end pressure heads, enabling experimental data to accurately reflect the progressive failure mechanism of the surrounding rock, greatly enhancing engineering applicability and prediction reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surrounding rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first guide strip group structure of a guide component according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified side view of the structure in the middle section.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a pressure sleeve according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a top view of the internal structure of a pressure sleeve according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a guide component of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A magnified side view of the structure in the middle section.

[0037] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged side view of the structure at point B.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the guide block at the break portion of the second guide strip group according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of a guide block according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the module connection of a surrounding rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a surrounding rock seepage detection method based on a triaxial compression-based surrounding rock seepage experimental device according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 13 This is an NMR image of a cross-section of a sandstone sample.

[0043] 1. Base; 11. Base; 12. Flange ring; 2. Frame; 3. Outer cylinder; 4. Control module; 5. Confining sleeve; 51. Confining cavity; 52. Upper confining part; 53. Lower confining part; 54. Pressing part; 6. Pressurizing equipment; 7. Rock sample; 61. Hydraulic pump; 31. Seepage head; 32. Inlet pipe; 33. Outlet pipe; 34. Inner sleeve; 35. Axial extensometer; 36. Radial sensor; 37. First guide strip group; 38. Two guide strips; 371, detection head; 372, upper guide strip; 373, lower guide strip; 374, guide groove; 375, power supply rail; 376, rotating shaft; 377, motor; 378, gear; 379, bushing; 310, charging ring; 3111, silicone strip; 3112, rack; 3113, fracture section; 3114, guide block; 3115, guide tooth; 3116, micro motor; 312, rotating rod; 39, receiver. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to represent selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] Reference Figure 1-5 As shown in Figures 8 and 11, a rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression includes a base 1, an arched frame 2 fixed on the base 1, and a triaxial pressure assembly, an axial loading assembly, a seepage assembly, and a data acquisition assembly mounted on the frame 2.

[0048] The triaxial pressure assembly includes a confining pressure adaptive homogenization device, which automatically adjusts the pressure distribution to control the confining pressure to be uniformly transmitted to the surface of the rock sample 7. The confining pressure adaptive homogenization device includes a lifting drive assembly fixedly installed on the frame 2 and an outer cylinder 3 located below the lifting drive assembly. The lifting drive assembly controls the lifting of the outer cylinder 3.

[0049] The seepage assembly includes a set of seepage pressure heads 31 disposed inside the outer cylinder 3. The rock sample 7 is fixedly installed through the seepage pressure heads 31. A full-surface seepage distribution assembly is wrapped on the surface of the rock sample 7. The full-surface seepage distribution assembly controls the seepage fluid to be evenly distributed on the entire surface of the rock sample 7.

[0050] The data acquisition component includes a multi-dimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component movably disposed on the inner side of the outer cylinder 3, and a drive component that drives the multi-dimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component to move around the rock sample 7. The multi-dimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component moves around the rock sample 7 to acquire seepage status data at the localized deformation location of the rock sample 7.

[0051] The control module 4 is electrically connected to the drive component, the lifting drive component, the axial loading component, and the seepage component, and is used to control the test process and synchronously collect and receive the state data of the rock sample 7.

[0052] Among them, rock sample 7 is a rock sample. A base 11 is provided above the base 1 corresponding to the outer cylinder 3, and the seepage pressure head 31 located below is installed at the axial position of the base 11.

[0053] In this embodiment, flange rings 12 are provided on both the lower part of the outer cylinder 3 and the outer ring of the base 11 to fix the outer cylinder 3 and the base 11.

[0054] This addresses the core issue of insufficient accuracy in data acquisition during rock seepage experiments.

[0055] To address the stress imbalance caused by uneven confining pressure transmission, the confining pressure adaptive homogenization device uses a lifting drive component to adjust the position of the outer cylinder 3 in real time, automatically compensating for the pressure gradient on the surface of the rock sample 7, ensuring uniform transmission of confining pressure, and fundamentally suppressing the causes of localized deformation. To address the coupled non-uniformity caused by the aggravated imbalance in seepage distribution, the full-surface seepage distribution component covers the entire circumference of the rock sample 7, and combined with the seepage pressure head 31, it achieves uniform fluid injection, eliminates the end concentration effect, and dynamically matches the seepage field with the stress field.

[0056] To address the disconnect in dynamic deformation location data caused by the lack of monitoring capabilities, the multidimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component moves around rock sample 7 under the drive of the drive component, locks the localized deformation area in real time, and simultaneously captures the seepage state parameters (such as permeability and flow velocity) at that location, ensuring that the data strictly corresponds to the deformation process.

[0057] When using the equipment, the rock sample 7 is fixed to the seepage head 31. After the control module 4 is started, the axial loading component applies the load, the confining pressure adaptive homogenization device automatically calibrates the confining pressure, the full surface seepage distribution component distributes the fluid evenly, and the multi-dimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component dynamically tracks the deformation points to collect data. The entire process is synchronously controlled and recorded by the control module 4.

[0058] By employing a triple synergistic mechanism of confining pressure, seepage, and monitoring, high-fidelity simulation of the stress-seepage coupling process is achieved, significantly improving the spatiotemporal resolution of seepage state data and providing a reliable basis for engineering prediction.

[0059] Compared to existing equipment, this solution breaks through the limitations of static monitoring, ensuring no data omissions in the key deformation areas with dynamic tracking capabilities. At the same time, the adaptive confining pressure and full-surface seepage design eliminate the distribution distortion caused by traditional end pressure heads, enabling experimental data to accurately reflect the progressive failure mechanism of the surrounding rock, and greatly enhancing the engineering applicability and prediction reliability.

[0060] The confining pressure adaptive homogenization device includes a confining pressure sleeve 5 installed inside the outer cylinder 3. Several confining pressure cavities 51 are provided inside the confining pressure sleeve 5. The confining pressure cavities 51 are connected to an external pressurizing device 6. The pressurizing device 6 is electrically connected to the control module 4. The confining pressure cavities 51 in the pressing state compress the rock sample 7. Two seepage pressure heads 31 are embedded in the middle of the upper and lower ends of the confining pressure sleeve 5.

[0061] The confining pressure adaptive homogenization device adopts a structure in which the confining pressure sleeve 5 is integrated inside the outer cylinder 3. Multiple confining pressure chambers 51 are set inside the confining pressure sleeve 5 and connected to the external pressurizing device 6. The pressurizing device 6 is controlled by the control module 4 to realize dynamic pressure regulation.

[0062] When the confining pressure chamber 51 is pressurized, it uniformly compresses the surface of the rock sample 7. This, combined with the seepage pressure heads 31 embedded in the middle of the upper and lower ends of the confining pressure sleeve 5, ensures that the rock sample 7 is firmly fixed to the end of the seepage fluid injection. Through its zoned pressure regulation capability, it automatically compensates for the pressure gradient caused by the geometric irregularities of the rock sample 7, effectively suppressing localized deformation caused by stress concentration, and providing a uniform confining pressure field foundation for the seepage experiment. During operation, the rock sample 7 is placed inside the confining pressure sleeve 5. The control module 4 instructs the pressurization device 6 to pressurize the confining pressure chamber 51 in stages, monitoring and adjusting the pressure distribution in each chamber in real time to ensure that the confining pressure is uniformly transmitted to the entire circumference of the rock sample 7.

[0063] The seepage head 31 simultaneously fixes the rock sample 7 and guides the fluid injection. This process completely solves the problem of uneven confining pressure transmission, avoids non-uniform deformation induced by stress imbalance, and ensures the effective implementation of the full-surface distribution function of the seepage component. This ensures that the multi-dimensional monitoring component accurately captures the seepage state data of the local deformation area, significantly improving the spatiotemporal accuracy of experimental data and the reliability of engineering predictions.

[0064] The lifting drive assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the frame 2 and a hydraulic cylinder connected to the top of the outer cylinder 3. The outer cylinder 3 is driven to lift by an external hydraulic pump 61 connected to the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic pump 61 is electrically connected to the control module 4.

[0065] The full-surface seepage distribution assembly includes an inlet pipe 32 connected to the seepage pressure head 31 located above, an outlet pipe 33 connected to the seepage pressure head 31 located below, and an inner sleeve 34 covering the rock sample 7. The inner sleeve 34 is installed inside the confining pressure sleeve 5, and the top and bottom of the rock sample 7 abut against the seepage pressure head 31.

[0066] The upper seepage head 31 is connected to the inlet pipe 32 and the lower seepage head 31 is connected to the outlet pipe 33 through the full surface seepage distribution component. The inner sleeve 34 covers the rock sample 7 and is fixed inside the confining sleeve 5. The top and bottom of the rock sample 7 are tightly abutted against the seepage head 31 to form a closed seepage channel.

[0067] This eliminates the uneven fluid distribution caused by traditional end injection, allowing the seepage fluid to uniformly cover the entire circumference of the rock sample 7, thus avoiding stress-seepage coupling distortion caused by local velocity imbalance.

[0068] During operation, fluid is injected through the inlet pipe 32 and guided to the circumference of the rock sample 7 through the inner sleeve 34 to achieve uniform permeation, and then discharged in an orderly manner through the outlet pipe 33. The rock sample 7 remains stable under the support of the seepage head 31, ensuring no leakage during the seepage process. This solves the problem of non-uniformity of the seepage field, enabling dynamic matching of the seepage state with the confining pressure and axial load, providing a continuous and reliable data source for localized deformation areas for multi-dimensional seepage monitoring components, and significantly improving the spatiotemporal accuracy of seepage parameter acquisition and the reliability of engineering predictions.

[0069] The axial loading assembly includes an axial extensometer 35 installed inside the outer cylinder 3, and the multidimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition assembly also includes a radial sensor 36 installed inside the confining sleeve 5. The axial extensometer 35 and the radial sensor 36 are electrically connected to the control module 4.

[0070] During the experiment, the axial loading component applied the load, and the extensometer and sensor synchronously transmitted the deformation data to the control module 4 to dynamically correct the confining pressure and seepage parameters. This solves the problem of stress distribution imbalance caused by confining pressure instability and avoids localized deformation inaccuracies. At the same time, the high-precision deformation data provides a positioning basis for the multi-dimensional seepage monitoring component, ensuring that the acquisition of seepage state parameters is strictly synchronized with the dynamic deformation area, significantly improving the reliability of experimental data and its engineering prediction value.

[0071] The multidimensional permeation monitoring and acquisition component includes a guide component disposed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder 3 and a detection head 371 movably mounted on the guide component. The guide component includes an upper guide strip 372 and a lower guide strip 373 fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the outer cylinder 3, and a guide groove 374 located between the upper guide strip 372 and the lower guide strip 373. A power supply rail 375 is embedded in the upper guide strip 372. The drive component is mounted on the end of the detection head 371 facing the guide groove 374. The drive component includes a set of rotating shafts 376, a motor 377 driving the rotating shafts 376 to rotate, and a gear 378 fixed at the end of the rotating shafts 376. A bushing 379 is sleeved on the outside of the rotating shafts 376. A charging ring 310 is embedded in the outer ring of the bushing 379 corresponding to the power supply rail 375. The bushing 379 is fixedly mounted on one side of the detection head 371. The charging ring 310 is electrically connected to the detection head 371 and the motor 377.

[0072] A silicone strip 3111 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper guide strip 372 above the guide groove 374, and a rack 3112 is provided on the inner side of the lower guide strip 373 below the guide groove 374. The rack 3112 meshes with a gear 378, and the gear 378 is in contact with the silicone strip 3111. The detection head 371 includes a CT imaging sensor.

[0073] The multidimensional penetration monitoring acquisition component adopts a guide component on the inner surface of the outer cylinder 3 and a movable detection head 371. The upper guide bar 372, the lower guide bar 373 and the guide groove 374 form a rigid track to ensure the stability of the movement trajectory of the detection head 371.

[0074] Power rail 375 and charging ring 310 provide continuous power during movement, preventing data interruption; gear 378 meshes with rack 3112, and silicone strip 3111 provides cushioning, ensuring high-precision positioning and sealing; CT imaging sensor embedded in detection head 371 provides micron-level seepage state analysis capability. Addressing the dynamic migration characteristics of localized deformation, the deformation area is locked in real-time through circumferential motion, completely solving the problem of seepage data disconnection caused by fixed sensors' inability to track dynamic deformation points. During operation, the drive assembly is activated, motor 377 drives gear 378 to move precisely along rack 3112, and detection head 371 moves uniformly around rock sample 7 within guide groove 374; CT imaging device simultaneously scans the surface of rock sample 7, capturing seepage parameters (such as flow velocity and permeability) at local deformation points.

[0075] The power supply system is dynamically coupled to the power supply rail 375 via the charging ring 310, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring. This ensures strict synchronization between seepage status data and localized deformation, significantly improving spatiotemporal resolution and avoiding the loss of data in key deformation areas caused by traditional static monitoring. It provides high-fidelity evidence for the study of stress-seepage coupling mechanisms, enhancing the reliability and accuracy of engineering predictions.

[0076] The power supply rail 375 and the charging ring 310 adopt a slip ring dynamic coupling technology to achieve continuous power supply during movement. The power supply rail is fixed to the inner side of the upper guide bar 372 and has a rigid conductive track structure; the charging ring 310 is embedded in the outer ring surface of the bushing 379 and maintains elastic contact with the power supply rail 375 when it moves with the detection head 371.

[0077] The detection head 371 is equipped with a miniature power supply to power the motor 377 as it moves and to keep all electrical components operational when the detection process passes through the break.

[0078] When powered on, the power supply rail 375 receives a low-voltage current (typically 24VDC) from the DC power supply. The charging ring 310, under the action of a conductive material (such as a silver-graphite composite), picks up electrical energy in real time and transmits it to the detection head 371 and the motor 377 via internal wires in the bushing 379, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the CT imaging sensor during its rotational motion. This mechanism is based on mature slip ring technology and is widely used in industrial rotating equipment. Its reliability is specified by the IEC60034-22 standard, supporting a continuous working life of over 50,000 hours. Micron-level contact precision ensures stable current transmission and avoids signal interruptions caused by traditional wire entanglement.

[0079] The safety design relies on three safeguards: First, it adopts an intrinsically safe circuit architecture, with the operating voltage limited to the safety extra-low voltage (SELV) range and the energy output below 1.5 joules, eliminating the possibility of electric sparks igniting the fluid medium in the seepage experiment; Second, the surface of the power supply rail 375 is covered with a ceramic insulating layer, and the charging ring 310 integrates a self-lubricating conductive coating, which, together with the buffer sealing effect of the silicone strip 3111, effectively isolates the intrusion of external seepage fluid and prevents short circuits or corrosion;

[0080] Third, the control module has a built-in overcurrent protection chip that monitors current fluctuations in real time and automatically cuts off the power supply within 0.1 seconds in case of an anomaly. This feature has been verified in a laboratory environment (compliant with ISO13849 safety standards) and ensures that there is no risk of electric shock, overheating, or data loss under high confining pressure (≥50MPa) and dynamic seepage conditions, thus guaranteeing high fidelity in the acquisition of seepage parameters throughout the process and providing reliable power support for the study of surrounding rock failure mechanisms.

[0081] In this embodiment, the motor 377 is configured to drive two gears 378 simultaneously with two sets of gears, or in other embodiments, the motor 377 is configured as a dual-head motor, which works in conjunction with the gear sets to drive two gears 378 simultaneously.

[0082] The CT imaging sensor employs high-resolution computed tomography (CT) technology, embedded within the detection head 371. It generates real-time three-dimensional seepage images of rock sample 7 through multi-angle X-ray projection and a receiver array 39. Its micron-level spatial resolution accurately identifies the dynamic changes in the surface and internal microporous structure of rock sample 7, quantifying the fluid seepage path, velocity distribution, and saturation gradient in locally deformed areas. The receiver array 39 is embedded in the inner wall of the outer cylinder 3.

[0083] During operation, the device scans synchronously with the movement of the detection head 371 around the rock sample 7, capturing the instantaneous evolution of the seepage field under stress coupling. Its micron-level resolution ensures continuous recording of deformation and fluid migration in minute seepage channels, completely resolving the data loss problem at key deformation points caused by fixed sensors. By directly outputting high-precision parameters such as permeability and pore pressure, it provides seamless, high-fidelity evidence of seepage states for the study of progressive rock failure mechanisms, significantly improving the engineering applicability of experimental data and the reliability of disaster prediction.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] Reference Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a specific design of embodiment 1, specifically: the guide component includes a first guide strip group 37, which is arranged around the middle of the inner surface of the outer cylinder 3.

[0086] The first guide strip group 37 is arranged around the middle of the inner surface of the outer cylinder 3. In view of the characteristic that the localized deformation in the triaxial compression test of the surrounding rock is mostly concentrated in the middle area of ​​the rock sample 7, the monitoring focus is ensured to cover the high-risk deformation area.

[0087] Traditional directional monitoring can easily lead to blind spots in the central monitoring area. By using a rigid track composed of the first and second guide strips surrounding the central area, the movement path of the detection head 371 can be precisely matched with the deformation hotspot area of ​​the rock sample 7, thus completely solving the problem of missing seepage data in key areas.

[0088] During operation, the drive component drives the detection head 371 to rotate at a constant speed along the first guide strip group 37, and the CT imaging sensor scans the central deformation area in real time, simultaneously capturing parameters such as permeability and flow rate.

[0089] Based on the deformation signals fed back by the axial extensometer 35 and the radial sensor 36, the control module 4 dynamically adjusts the movement trajectory of the detection head 371 to ensure that the seepage status data strictly corresponds to the localized deformation. This significantly improves the monitoring coverage and spatiotemporal resolution of the central deformation zone, avoids the distortion of seepage evolution patterns caused by monitoring range offset in traditional designs, and provides a highly reliable basis for engineering disaster prediction.

[0090] To facilitate imaging with CT imaging sensors, a corresponding receiver is installed inside the outer cylinder 3, and the receiver is electrically connected to the control module.

[0091] The compression sleeve 5 includes an upper compression part 52 and a lower compression part 53. The upper compression part 52 and the lower compression part 53 are each provided with a corresponding pressing part 54 on the opposite side. When the upper compression part 52 and the lower compression part 53 are fitted together, they are fitted together by the two sets of pressing parts 54.

[0092] The surface of the pressing part 54 is covered with a sealing layer 541, which is made of rubber. The two sets of pressing parts 54 are bonded together, and the sealing layer 541 undergoes local plastic deformation or compression of the sealing gasket when high pressure is applied, so as to ensure tight fit and prevent leakage under pressure and local stress concentration.

[0093] By using a press-fitting structure of the upper and lower confining parts 53 of the confining sleeve 5, a tight fit is ensured during high-pressure loading, effectively preventing confining pressure leakage and local stress concentration, and maintaining the uniformity of the confining pressure field.

[0094] The axial extensometer 35 and the radial sensor 36 are respectively embedded inside the outer cylinder 3 and the confining sleeve 5 to capture the axial displacement and radial expansion data of the rock sample 7 in real time, thereby achieving high-precision quantification of the deformation process.

[0095] During operation, the upper and lower confining pressure parts 53 are first assembled by pressing the joint part 54 to ensure that the rock sample 7 is firmly constrained;

[0096] Example 3

[0097] Reference Figure 6-11 As shown, this embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 2, except that the guide component includes a second guide strip group 38, which is arranged in an alternating manner around the inner surface of the outer cylinder 3 from bottom to top.

[0098] The second guide bar group 38 also includes a break portion 3113 provided between the intersecting upper guide bar 372 and lower guide bar 373. A guide block 3114 is rotatably installed on the break portion 3113 via a rotating rod 312. The two ends of the guide block 3114 are connected to the break portion 3113 of the upper guide bar 372 and lower guide bar 373 in the same group.

[0099] The outer side of the guide block 3114 is provided with guide teeth 3115, which mesh with gear 378.

[0100] It also includes a micro motor 3116 mounted on the outer cylinder 3. One end of the rotating rod 312 is inserted into the micro motor 3116. The micro motor 3116 controls the rotating rod 312 to drive the guide block 3114 to rotate, dynamically connecting the break portion 3113 of the upper guide strip 372 and the lower guide strip 373 in the same group. The micro motor 3116 is electrically connected to the control module.

[0101] CT imaging sensors simultaneously scan the deformed area, capturing seepage parameters such as permeability and flow velocity in real time. This design completely solves the problem of insufficient monitoring coverage caused by dynamic displacement of deformation in the height direction, ensuring that seepage status data of key points of localized deformation are collected synchronously throughout the process, significantly improving the spatiotemporal continuity of experimental data and the reliability of engineering predictions.

[0102] In the surrounding rock seepage test equipment, the second guide strip group 38 of the guiding component is arranged in a staggered, circling manner on the inner surface of the outer cylinder 3 from bottom to top, and a rotatable guide block 3114 is provided at the fracture section 3113 between the upper guide strip 372 and the lower guide strip 373. The guide block 3114 is connected to the micro motor 3116 through the rotating rod 312, and its outer side is provided with guide teeth 3115, which mesh with the gear 378 of the detection head 371. When the detection head 371 moves to the fracture section 3113, the micro motor 3116 drives the guide block 3114 to rotate, so that its two ends dynamically connect to the fracture section 3113, forming a continuous path.

[0103] This addresses the insufficient monitoring coverage caused by the dynamic displacement of rock sample 7 due to deformation in the height direction. Traditional fixed sensors cannot track the deformation location, resulting in missing seepage data. Through the dynamic connection of guide block 3114, the detection head 371 can move continuously along a complex path, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the entire surface of rock sample 7, especially the localized deformation areas.

[0104] During operation, the control module 4 adjusts the micro motor 3116 in real time based on deformation data. After the guide block 3114 rotates, it connects with the upper guide strip 372 and lower guide strip 373 of the target, ensuring that the detection head 371 passes seamlessly through the fracture section 3113. In conjunction with CT imaging sensors, the deformed area is scanned synchronously to capture seepage parameters such as permeability and flow velocity. This method eliminates monitoring blind spots, achieves a strict correspondence between seepage state and deformation process, and improves the spatiotemporal continuity of data and the reliability of engineering predictions.

[0105] The structure of the guide block 3114 that supplies passage for the detection head 371 is identical to the internal structure of the second guide strip group 38, but without any related power supply components. The guide block 3114 rotates 60°-90° during adjustment and returns to its original position during a second adjustment, repeating this process. The specific adjustment angle can be adjusted according to the actual equipment; in this embodiment, the guide block 3114 rotates 60° during adjustment.

[0106] Reference Figure 12-13 As shown, a method for detecting surrounding rock seepage based on a triaxial compression surrounding rock seepage experimental device includes the following steps:

[0107] S1: Homogeneous artificial rock samples 7 with different initial porosities are prepared by 3D printing technology, and the rock samples are correctly installed and sealed by confining sleeve 5 and seepage head 31.

[0108] S11: Prepare rock samples, including natural sandstone samples and 3D printed artificial rock samples 7. The natural sandstone samples are φ50mm×L100mm in size. The 3D printed artificial rock samples 7 are prepared using artificial sand and resin-based binders that are similar in material to natural sandstone as printing materials, and homogeneous samples with an initial porosity of 5%, 10%, 15% or 20%.

[0109] S12: Place the rock sample in a saturation device and immerse it under vacuum for 24 hours, then place it in a saturation pressure chamber and continue saturation for 6 hours. Repeat the test 2-3 times for each working condition to eliminate the influence of sample dispersion.

[0110] S13: Install the saturated rock sample into the confining sleeve 5, ensuring that the top and bottom of the rock sample are tightly against the seepage head 31 to form a sealed structure.

[0111] S14: Install axial extensometer 35 and radial sensor 36. The axial extensometer 35 is movably installed inside the outer cylinder 3 to monitor the axial deformation of the rock sample. The radial sensor 36 is installed inside the confining sleeve 5 to monitor the radial deformation of the rock sample. All sensors are electrically connected to the control module 4.

[0112] S15: The surface of the rock sample is covered by a full-surface seepage distribution component, the full-surface seepage distribution component including an inner sleeve 34, the inner sleeve 34 is installed inside the confining sleeve 5, and is used to guide the seepage fluid to uniformly contact the entire surface of the rock sample.

[0113] S16: The outer cylinder 3 is lowered by the lifting drive assembly so that the outer cylinder 3 completely surrounds the confining sleeve 5 and the rock sample. The lifting drive assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the frame 2, which is connected to an external hydraulic pump 61 to drive the outer cylinder 3 to rise and fall.

[0114] S2: The confining pressure adaptive homogenization device automatically adjusts the pressure distribution of each confining pressure chamber 51 to achieve uniform transfer of confining pressure to the surface of the rock sample and maintain the system's airtightness.

[0115] S21: Pressurized fluid is injected into the confining pressure chamber 51 inside the confining pressure sleeve 5 through the external pressurization device 6 to apply initial confining pressure. The confining pressure chamber 51 is a number of pressure units set inside the confining pressure sleeve 5.

[0116] S22: The radial sensor 36 monitors the pressure distribution on the surface of the rock sample in real time and transmits the pressure data to the control module 4.

[0117] S23: By analyzing the pressure distribution data through the control module 4, when the pressure deviation is detected to exceed the set threshold, the pressurized fluid volume of the corresponding confining pressure chamber 51 is automatically adjusted so that the pressure difference of each confining pressure chamber 51 is controlled within ±5%.

[0118] S24: Apply target confining pressure values ​​sequentially and keep them stable. The target confining pressure values ​​are set to 5MPa, 10MPa, 20MPa, 30MPa or 40MPa according to experimental requirements.

[0119] S25: During the application of confining pressure, the position of the outer cylinder 3 is finely adjusted by the lifting drive component to maintain the system's sealing and ensure that the confining pressure adaptive homogenization device works effectively.

[0120] S3: The seepage fluid is guided to be evenly distributed across the entire surface of the rock sample by the full-surface seepage distribution component, and the permeability change is monitored in real time by the steady-state method;

[0121] S31: The inlet pipe 32 is connected to the upper seepage head 31, and the outlet pipe 33 is connected to the lower seepage head 31 to form a complete seepage channel;

[0122] S32: Apply a uniform osmotic pressure of 1.5MPa at the inlet end of the seepage fluid, connect the outlet pipe to the atmosphere, and install a high-precision flow meter at the outlet end;

[0123] S33: The full-surface seepage distribution component ensures that the seepage fluid is evenly distributed on the entire surface of the rock sample. The full-surface seepage distribution component forces the fluid to permeate evenly along the circumference of the rock sample through the microporous structure of the inner sleeve 34.

[0124] S34: The steady-state method is used to monitor the permeability change in real time, and the control module 4 synchronously records the flow rate and pressure difference data of the inlet and outlet.

[0125] S35: When the flow fluctuation is detected to exceed the preset threshold of 10%, the control module 4 automatically adjusts the inlet water pressure to ensure uniform distribution of the seepage fluid;

[0126] S4: The axial stress is applied by the axial loading component to simulate the stress state of the deep surrounding rock, and the deformation critical point of the rock sample is identified by the axial extensometer 35 and the radial sensor 36.

[0127] S41: Axial stress is applied by the axial loading component, and the confining pressure and axial stress are synchronously loaded to a predetermined value by the strain control method, and the loading rate is controlled at 0.5 MPa / s;

[0128] S42: The axial deformation of the rock sample is recorded by the axial extensometer 35 and the radial deformation of the rock sample is recorded by the radial sensor 36. The control module 4 simultaneously calculates the volumetric strain of the rock sample.

[0129] S43: By synchronously acquiring confining pressure, axial force, axial strain, and radial strain data through control module 4, the critical points of stage deformation of rock samples are identified, including compaction point, crack initiation point, and yield point.

[0130] S44: When local deformation occurs in the rock sample, the confining pressure adaptive homogenization device automatically compensates: increases the pressure of the confining pressure chamber 51 in the deformed area to maintain the overall confining pressure uniformity.

[0131] S45: Continue loading until the rock sample fails and enters the residual deformation stage, and record the complete full stress-strain curve and permeability change curve;

[0132] S5: By controlling the movement of the detection head 371 around the rock sample through the drive component, dynamic tracking and high-precision monitoring of localized deformation areas can be achieved;

[0133] S51: When a region of sudden increase in strain is detected in a rock sample, the location of the region is automatically marked by the control module 4 to identify possible localized deformation points;

[0134] S52: The detection head 371 of the multidimensional permeation monitoring and acquisition component is controlled by the drive component to preferentially move around the marked area. The multidimensional permeation monitoring and acquisition component includes a first guide strip group 37 disposed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder 3 and a detection head 371 movably mounted on the first guide strip group 37.

[0135] S53: Adjust the movement speed of the detection head 371 near the deformation area to reduce the movement speed of the detection head 371 to 50% of the normal speed, and perform three repeated scans in the key area to improve the accuracy of local seepage state data acquisition.

[0136] S54: Local seepage state data are collected through the detection head 371, which includes an acoustic detector or a CT imaging sensor, for measuring local permeability, crack development degree, pore connectivity and fluid distribution.

[0137] S55: The multi-dimensional movement of the detection head 371 is achieved by the first guide strip group 37. The first guide strip group 37 includes an upper guide strip 372, a lower guide strip 373 and a guide groove 374 fixedly installed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder 3. A silicone strip 3111 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper guide strip 372 and a rack 3112 is provided on the inner side of the lower guide strip 373.

[0138] S56: When the detection head 371 reaches the fracture section 3113 of the guide groove 374, the rotating guide block 3114 makes the guide tooth 3115 connect with the adjacent guide strip, realizing the switching of the detection path and covering the complex deformation area of ​​the rock sample.

[0139] S6: By integrating macroscopic mechanical data and microscopic structural data, construct macroscopic and microscopic constitutive models and permeability models for deep rocks that consider localized deformation;

[0140] S61: Perform spatiotemporal matching between macroscopic mechanical data and microstructural data, wherein the microstructural data is obtained through NMR and CT tests;

[0141] S62: Statistical analysis of the variation law of microstructure parameters such as porosity and fracture rate during rock deformation process to verify the two-way competition mechanism of fracture propagation and pore collapse;

[0142] S63: Determine the competition coefficient of porosity and fracture ratio in total porosity, wherein the competition coefficient reflects the competitive relationship between pore collapse and fracture propagation.

[0143] S64: Introduce an equivalent unit cell containing a pore-fracture microstructure in the cap-type double yield surface model to construct a macro-micro constitutive model of deep rocks that considers localized deformation;

[0144] S65: Combining the KC equation and the Poiseuille equation, the relationship between deformation-porosity and fracture rate is derived, and a permeability model for deep rocks is established.

[0145] S66: Using the secondary development interface of ABAQUS, the model is embedded using the Fortran language. The numerical algorithm is adjusted by balancing and convergence, and the rationality of the model and parameter determination method is verified by comparing with the results of indoor experiments.

[0146] Test Procedure: Before the test, the rock samples were first placed in a saturation device and vacuum-soaked for 24 hours, then placed in a saturation pressure chamber for 6 hours. To eliminate the influence of sample dispersion on the test results, each test condition was repeated 3 times. Triaxial Test: Before the triaxial flow test, natural and artificial rock samples were first placed in a saturation device and vacuum-soaked for 12 hours, then placed in a saturation pressure chamber for 6 hours. To eliminate the influence of sample dispersion on the test results, each test condition was repeated 2-3 times. The test condition groups are shown in Table 1.

[0147] Table 1:

[0148]

[0149] Conventional uniaxial / triaxial compression test: The confining pressure and axial stress are simultaneously loaded to predetermined values ​​(0, 5, 10, 20 MPa) using a strain control method. Then, while maintaining a constant confining pressure, the axial stress is increased until the rock sample fails and enters the residual deformation stage. The test is then stopped, and the basic mechanical parameters and full stress-strain curve of the sample are obtained.

[0150] Triaxial compression-seepage test: Five confining pressures (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 MPa) and one osmotic pressure (1~2 MPa) were set. The confining pressure and axial stress were simultaneously applied to the predetermined values ​​using a strain control method while maintaining constant pressure.

[0151] Then, apply a uniform osmotic pressure to the predetermined value at the inlet end of the seepage fluid, connect the outlet pipe to the atmosphere, and install a flow meter at the outlet pipe.

[0152] The axial pressure was increased by strain control until the rock sample failed and entered the residual deformation stage, at which point the test was stopped. During this period, the permeability was monitored using the steady-state method.

[0153] Experimental Data Analysis: Triaxial test data of natural sandstone and artificial rock samples of different materials and initial porosities under two sets of experimental conditions were collected and analyzed, including deformation data such as axial, radial, volumetric, and fracture volumetric strain, as well as a series of macroscopic characteristic data such as permeability and the location of stage deformation critical points (compaction point, crack initiation point, yield point, etc.). In particular, the macroscopic appearance differences of localized deformation under different confining pressures were described. Finally, the correlation between the data and deformation localization phenomena was comprehensively analyzed, and the internal and external conditions for the occurrence of various deformation localization phenomena individually and jointly were discussed.

[0154] like Figure 13 As shown, NMR imaging of the cross section of the sandstone sample and microstructure testing of the rock sample: NMR testing: The microstructure of the sample was tested using a MesoMR23 NMR instrument. By analyzing the relationship between the relaxation time generated by the polarization of water nuclei and the pore volume of the saturated rock sample, the porosity and pore size distribution of natural and artificial rock samples were obtained.

[0155] NMR tests were performed on samples taken before and after the experiment, as well as at the boundary points (compaction point, crack initiation point, yield point, etc.) during each stage of the experiment (the samples were first evacuated and saturated for 6 hours beforehand). The T2 spectrum and the variation of surface relaxation rate ρ were obtained, and the differences in pore size distribution at different deformation stages were compared. The NMR porosity at the boundary points was calculated, and the correspondence between deformation magnitude, pore size change, and permeability change was quantitatively studied. Figure 13 The images show cross-sectional NMR images and pore size distribution maps of sandstone samples previously completed by the applicant (white in the black and white images represents pore defects, and the redder the color in the color images, the larger the pore size).

[0156] It should be noted that the device structure and accompanying drawings of this invention mainly describe the principle of this invention. In terms of the technical principle, the setting of the power mechanism, power supply components and control components of the device is not fully described. However, under the premise that those skilled in the art understand the principle of the above invention, the specific details of its power mechanism, power supply components and control components can be clearly understood. The control method in the application document is automatic control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by those skilled in the art through simple programming.

[0157] All standard parts used can be purchased from the market, and can be customized according to the instructions and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the existing technology. The machinery, parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the existing technology, and the structure and principle of the components known to those skilled in the art can be known by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0158] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for surrounding rock seepage based on triaxial compression, characterized in that, include: Base (1), arched frame (2) fixed on base (1), triaxial pressure assembly, axial loading assembly, seepage assembly and data acquisition assembly mounted on frame (2); The triaxial pressure assembly includes a confining pressure adaptive homogenization device, which automatically adjusts the pressure distribution and controls the confining pressure to be uniformly transmitted to the surface of the rock sample (7). The confining pressure adaptive homogenization device includes a lifting drive assembly fixedly installed on the frame (2) and an outer cylinder (3) set below the lifting drive assembly. The lifting drive assembly controls the lifting of the outer cylinder (3). The seepage assembly includes a set of seepage pressure heads (31) set inside the outer cylinder (3). The rock sample (7) is fixedly installed through the seepage pressure heads (31). A full-surface seepage distribution assembly is wrapped on the surface of the rock sample (7). The seepage fluid is evenly distributed on the entire surface of the rock sample (7) through the full-surface seepage distribution assembly. The data acquisition component includes a multidimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component that is movably disposed on the inner side of the outer cylinder (3), and a driving component that drives the multidimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component to move around the rock sample (7). The multidimensional permeability monitoring and acquisition component moves around the rock sample (7) to acquire the seepage status data at the localized deformation location of the rock sample (7). The control module (4) is electrically connected to the drive assembly, the lifting drive assembly, the axial loading assembly, and the seepage assembly, and is used to control the test process and synchronously collect and receive the status data of the rock sample (7); The confining pressure adaptive homogenization device includes a confining pressure sleeve (5) installed inside the outer cylinder (3). Several confining pressure cavities (51) are provided inside the confining pressure sleeve (5). The confining pressure cavities (51) are connected to an external pressurizing device (6). The pressurizing device (6) is electrically connected to a control module (4). The confining pressure cavities (51) in the pressing state squeeze the rock sample (7). Two seepage pressure heads (31) are embedded in the middle of the upper and lower ends of the confining pressure sleeve (5). The lifting drive assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the frame (2), a hydraulic cylinder connected to the top of the outer cylinder (3), and an external hydraulic pump (61) connected to the hydraulic cylinder to drive the outer cylinder (3) to lift. The hydraulic pump (61) is electrically connected to the control module (4). The full-surface seepage distribution component includes an inner sleeve (34) covering the rock sample (7), and the inner sleeve (34) is installed inside the confining sleeve (5); The multidimensional permeation monitoring acquisition component includes a detection head (371) movably mounted on a guide assembly disposed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder (3), the detection head (371) including a CT imaging sensor.

2. The surrounding rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression according to claim 1, characterized in that: The full-surface seepage distribution assembly includes an inlet pipe (32) connected to the seepage head (31) located above, and an outlet pipe (33) connected to the seepage head (31) located below, with the top and bottom of the rock sample (7) abutting against the seepage head (31). The axial loading assembly includes an axial extensometer (35) installed inside the outer cylinder (3) and a radial sensor (36) installed inside the confining sleeve (5). The axial extensometer (35) and the radial sensor (36) are electrically connected to the control module (4).

3. The surrounding rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multidimensional permeation monitoring and acquisition component includes a guide component disposed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder (3). The guide component includes an upper guide strip (372) and a lower guide strip (373) fixedly installed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder (3), and a guide groove (374) located between the upper guide strip (372) and the lower guide strip (373). A power supply rail (375) is embedded on the upper guide strip (372). The drive component is installed at the end of the detection head (371) facing the guide groove (374). The component includes a set of rotating shafts (376), a motor (377) that drives the rotating shafts (376) to rotate, and a gear (378) fixed at the end of the rotating shafts (376). A bushing (379) is sleeved on the outside of the rotating shafts (376). A charging ring (310) is embedded on the outer ring of the bushing (379) corresponding to the power supply rail (375). The bushing (379) is fixedly installed on one side of the detection head (371). The charging ring (310) is electrically connected to the detection head (371) and the motor (377).

4. The surrounding rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression according to claim 3, characterized in that: A silicone strip (3111) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper guide strip (372) above the guide groove (374), and a rack (3112) is provided on the inner side of the lower guide strip (373) below the guide groove (374). The rack (3112) meshes with the gear (378), and the gear (378) is in contact with the silicone strip (3111).

5. The surrounding rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guiding component includes a first guide strip group (37), which is arranged around the middle of the inner surface of the outer cylinder (3).

6. The surrounding rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guiding component includes a second guide strip group (38), which is arranged in an alternating manner around the inner surface of the outer cylinder (3) from bottom to top.

7. The surrounding rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second guide bar group (38) also includes a break section (3113) provided between the intersecting upper guide bar (372) and lower guide bar (373). A guide block (3114) is rotatably installed on the break section (3113) via a rotating rod (312). The two ends of the guide block (3114) are connected to the break sections (3113) of the upper guide bar (372) and lower guide bar (373) in the same group. The guide block (3114) has guide teeth (3115) on its outer side, and the guide teeth (3115) mesh with the gear (378).

8. The surrounding rock seepage experimental device based on triaxial compression according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a micro motor (3116) installed on the outer cylinder (3). One end of the rotating rod (312) is inserted into the micro motor (3116). The micro motor (3116) controls the rotating rod (312) to drive the guide block (3114) to rotate, and dynamically connects the break part (3113) of the upper guide strip (372) and the lower guide strip (373) in the same group.

9. The method for detecting surrounding rock seepage using a triaxial compression-based experimental device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: S1: Homogeneous artificial rock samples with different initial porosities are prepared by 3D printing technology (7), and the rock samples are installed and sealed by confining sleeve (5) and seepage head (31). S2: The pressure distribution of each confining pressure chamber (51) is automatically adjusted by the confining pressure adaptive homogenization device to achieve uniform transmission of confining pressure to the surface of the rock sample and maintain the system's sealing performance. S3: The seepage fluid is guided to be evenly distributed across the entire surface of the rock sample by the full-surface seepage distribution component, and the permeability change is monitored in real time by the steady-state method; S4: The axial stress is applied by the axial loading component to simulate the stress state of the deep surrounding rock, and the deformation critical point of the rock sample is identified by the axial extensometer (35) and the radial sensor (36). S5: By controlling the movement of the detection head (371) around the rock sample through the drive component, dynamic tracking and high-precision monitoring of the localized deformation area can be achieved; S6: By integrating macroscopic mechanical data and microscopic structural data, a macroscopic / microscopic constitutive model and permeability model of deep rocks with localized deformation are constructed.

Images