Superfluid helium climbing membrane blocking device and dilution refrigerating machine

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By setting a baffle and a slope design on the outer wall of the discharge pipe to prevent the creep of helium-4 superfluid liquid, and combining it with a multi-stage collection and recovery device, the problem of reduced refrigeration efficiency caused by the creep of helium-4 superfluid liquid was solved, and the stable operation of the system and the recovery and utilization of helium-4 were achieved.

CN121067487APending Publication Date: 2025-12-05AUCMA

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Patent Information

Application Number: CN202511384865.7
Authority / Receiving Office: CN · China
Patent Type: Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date: 2025-09-26
Publication Date: 2025-12-05

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In existing technologies, when helium-4 super-helium-4 is used in refrigeration systems, the superfluid helium-4 creeps along the pipes to the high-temperature zone, resulting in reduced refrigeration efficiency and the formation of heat conduction channels, which affects system operation.

Method used

A baffle is installed on the outer wall of the discharge pipe. The sharp-angled stop edge and the inclined surface design prevent the superfluid Helium-4 liquid from creeping. It is collected and dripped by gravity. Combined with the inlet and outlet baffles, it blocks the liquid from entering the air intake. A multi-stage collection section and collection tank are designed to recover the liquid that does not enter.

Benefits of technology

It effectively blocks the superfluidity of helium-4 liquid from climbing over film, ensuring the efficiency and stable operation of the refrigeration system, preventing low-temperature leakage and concentration reduction, and enabling the recovery and reuse of helium-4.

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of extremely low temperature refrigeration equipment, and provides a superfluid helium climbing membrane blocking device which comprises an evaporation chamber connected with a feeding pipe; the discharging pipe extends into the evaporation chamber from the bottom of the evaporation chamber, one end located inside the evaporation chamber is an air suction port, and one end located outside the evaporation chamber is an air outlet; the blocking cover is connected to the outer side wall of the discharging pipe extending into the evaporation chamber in a sleeving manner; the blocking cover is provided with a receding hole used for being connected with the discharging pipe in a sleeved mode. The top inclined plane and the bottom inclined plane extend outwards from the receding hole, and the top inclined plane and the bottom inclined plane intersect to form a stop edge with a sharp-corner-shaped section. Therefore, the blocking cover is arranged on the outer side wall of the discharging pipe, the sharp-corner-shaped blocking edge is formed on the edge of the blocking cover, superfluid helium liquid is promoted to be gathered at the blocking cover and drip under the action of gravity, the superfluid helium liquid is prevented from entering the air suction opening, the membrane climbing behavior of superfluid helium along the inner wall of the discharging pipe is blocked, and the refrigerating efficiency of a system is guaranteed. The invention provides a dilution refrigerator.

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Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of extremely low temperature refrigeration equipment, and particularly relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device and a dilution refrigerator. BACKGROUND

[0002] When the temperature is reduced to below 2.17K under standard atmospheric pressure, helium-4 liquid will appear superfluidity. A large amount of helium-4 superfluid liquid (superfluid helium) can be formed in the evaporation chamber of the dilution refrigerator. The viscosity of the liquid is almost zero, and the thermal conductivity is extremely high, so that the liquid can climb upwards along the inner wall of the evaporation chamber (membrane climbing phenomenon).

[0003] If the helium-4 superfluid liquid climbs along the pipeline to the high-temperature area, it will be gasified and mixed into the helium-3 gas in the circulating system, thereby reducing the concentration of helium-3 in the gas and affecting the refrigeration effect. At the same time, the climbing track formed by the helium-4 superfluid liquid will establish a heat conduction channel between the high-temperature area and the low-temperature area, causing low-temperature cold leakage, which seriously affects the operation of the entire refrigeration system.

[0004] As can be seen from the above, the prior art has obvious inconvenience and defects in actual use, and therefore needs to be improved. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above defects, the application mainly provides a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device to solve the technical problem that the helium-4 superfluid liquid in the evaporation chamber affects the system refrigeration capacity due to the membrane climbing phenomenon.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the application provides a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device, which comprises: An evaporation chamber connected with an inlet pipe; An outlet pipe extending into the evaporation chamber from the bottom thereof, with a suction port at one end inside the evaporation chamber and an exhaust port at the other end outside the evaporation chamber; A blocking cover sleeved on the outer wall of the outlet pipe extending into the evaporation chamber, with a clearance hole for sleeving the outlet pipe, a top inclined surface and a bottom inclined surface extending outward from the clearance hole, and the top inclined surface and the bottom inclined surface intersecting to form a stop edge with a sharp angle shape in cross section.

[0007] According to the superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device of the application, the top inclined surface and the bottom inclined surface are both inclined downward relative to the horizontal plane.

[0008] According to the superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device of the application, the top inclined surface is inclined downward relative to the horizontal plane, and the bottom inclined surface is inclined upward relative to the horizontal plane.

[0009] According to the superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device of the application, a plurality of blind holes are distributed on the top inclined surface.

[0010] The blocking cover is multiple according to the superfluid helium film climbing blocking device.

[0011] The outlet pipe is bent to form a lower concave collecting part outside the evaporation chamber, and the gas outlet is vertically upward.

[0012] According to the superfluid helium film climbing blocking device, the lower part of the gas inlet and the gas outlet is respectively provided with an inlet blocking cover and an outlet blocking cover which are fixed on the inner wall of the outlet pipe, the inlet blocking cover is provided with an air inlet hole, and the outlet blocking cover is provided with an air outlet hole.

[0013] According to the superfluid helium film climbing blocking device, the lowest end of the collecting part is provided with a discharging hole, and the discharging hole is connected with a collecting tank through a drainage pipe.

[0014] According to the superfluid helium film climbing blocking device, the collecting tank is further provided with a discharge port connected with a recovery pump; the collecting tank is provided with a liquid level meter and a temperature sensor, and the outer wall of the collecting tank is wound with an electric heating wire.

[0015] A dilution refrigerator has the superfluid helium film climbing blocking device.

[0016] According to the superfluid helium film climbing blocking device, the blocking cover is provided on the outer side wall of the outlet pipe, the helium-4 superfluid liquid climbs along the outer side wall of the outlet pipe and meets the blocking cover, then climbs along the bottom inclined surface of the blocking cover to the stop edge. The sharp corner-shaped stop edge promotes the helium-4 superfluid liquid to gather here and drop under the action of gravity, avoids entering the gas inlet, blocks the film climbing behavior of the superfluid helium along the inner wall of the outlet pipe, and guarantees the refrigeration efficiency of the system. The present application provides a dilution refrigerator having the superfluid helium film climbing blocking device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the superfluid helium film climbing blocking device of the present application; Figure 2 is a sectional view of the structure of Figure 1 ; Figure 3 is a structural schematic view of A in Figure 2 ; Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of B area in Figure 3 ; Figure 5 is a sectional view of the structure of an embodiment of the blocking cover of the present application; Figure 6 is a sectional view of the structure of an embodiment of the blocking cover of the present application; In the figure: 1-evaporation chamber, 11-feed pipe; 2-discharge pipe, 21-suction port, 22-gas outlet, 23-collecting part, 231-discharge hole; 24-inlet baffle, 241-inlet hole; 25-outlet baffle, 251-outlet hole; 3-block baffle, 31-clearance hole, 32-top inclined surface, 33-bottom inclined surface, 34-stop edge, 35-blind hole; 4-collecting tank, 41-drain pipe, 42-drainage port, 43-liquid level gauge, 44-temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the application provides a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device, comprising: Referring to Figure 3 , an evaporation chamber 1 is connected with a feed pipe 11; A discharge pipe 2 extends into the evaporation chamber 1 from the bottom, and one end inside the evaporation chamber 1 is a suction port 21, and the other end outside the evaporation chamber 1 is a gas outlet 22; A block baffle 3 is sleeved on the outer sidewall of the discharge pipe 2 extending into the evaporation chamber 1; in combination Figure 5 , the block baffle 3 is provided with a clearance hole 31 for sleeving the discharge pipe 2; further comprising a top inclined surface 32 and a bottom inclined surface 33 extending outward from the clearance hole 31, and the top inclined surface 32 and the bottom inclined surface 33 intersect to form a stop edge 34 in the shape of a sharp angle; The block baffle 3 on the outer sidewall of the discharge pipe 2, when the helium-4 superfluid liquid climbs along the outer sidewall of the discharge pipe 2 and meets the block baffle 3, it climbs along the bottom inclined surface 33 of the block baffle 3 to the stop edge 34. The stop edge 34 in the shape of a sharp angle promotes the helium-4 superfluid liquid to gather here and drop under the action of gravity, avoiding its entering the suction port 21, blocking the membrane climbing behavior of the superfluid helium along the inner wall of the discharge pipe 2, and guaranteeing the refrigeration efficiency of the system.

[0019] As an embodiment, the top inclined surface 32 and the bottom inclined surface 33 are both inclined downward relative to the horizontal plane; when the helium-4 superfluid liquid climbs along the bottom inclined surface 33, it quickly flows to the stop edge 34 under the action of gravity, accelerating the gathering and dropping at the position of the stop edge 34.

[0020] Further, a plurality of blind holes 35 are distributed on the top inclined surface 32; the climbing path of the helium-4 superfluid liquid is lengthened, and it is prevented from entering the suction port 21.

[0021] Referring to Figure 6 , as an embodiment, the top inclined surface 32 is inclined downward relative to the horizontal plane, and the bottom inclined surface 33 is inclined upward relative to the horizontal plane; the helium-4 superfluid liquid climbs upward along the bottom inclined surface 33, reducing its climbing speed.

[0022] The top inclined surface 32 of the blocking cover 3 of the application is downwardly inclined relative to the horizontal plane, which facilitates the collection and dropping of the helium-4 superfluid liquid climbing along the top inclined surface 32 to the stop edge 34.

[0023] As an embodiment, the outlet pipe 2 outside the evaporation chamber 1 is bent to form a concave collection portion 23, and the air outlet 22 is vertically upward; after a small amount of helium-4 superfluid liquid enters the air inlet 21, it is collected in the collection portion 23 to avoid climbing out of the air outlet 22.

[0024] Further, the air inlet 21 and the air outlet 22 are respectively provided with an inlet blocking cover 24 and an outlet blocking cover 25 fixed on the inner wall of the outlet pipe 2, the inlet blocking cover 24 is provided with an air inlet hole 241, and the outlet blocking cover 25 is provided with an air outlet hole 251. The helium-4 superfluid liquid entering the outlet pipe 2 is blocked by the inlet blocking cover 24 and the outlet blocking cover 25, and stays in the pipe to avoid climbing out of the air outlet 22 and entering the high-temperature area.

[0025] Preferably, the inlet blocking cover 24 is a convex structure, and the air inlet hole 241 is arranged at the top of the convex structure; the difficulty of the helium-4 superfluid liquid climbing through the air inlet hole 241 is increased.

[0026] Preferably, the upper part of the outlet blocking cover 25 is a concave structure, and the lower part is a convex structure, and the air outlet hole 251 penetrates the lowest point of the concave structure and the highest point of the convex structure; the climbing path of the helium-4 superfluid liquid is lengthened, and the difficulty of climbing is increased, so that it is not easy to flow out of the air outlet hole 251.

[0027] As an embodiment, the blocking cover 3 is multiple, such as 3-5, which forms multiple barriers for the helium-4 superfluid liquid. Those skilled in the art can adaptively set the number of blocking covers 3 according to the length of the outlet pipe 2 extending into the evaporation chamber 1.

[0028] As an embodiment, in combination with Figure 4 , the lowest end of the collection portion 23 is provided with a discharge hole 231, and the discharge hole 231 is connected to the collection tank 4 through a drainage pipe 41; the helium-4 superfluid liquid remaining in the collection portion 23 is discharged in time.

[0029] Further, the collection tank 4 is further provided with a discharge port 42, and the discharge port 42 is connected to a recovery pump; after the helium-4 superfluid liquid in the collection tank 4 is gasified, it is pumped away by the recovery pump for recycling.

[0030] Optionally, the collecting tank 4 is provided with a liquid level meter 43 and a temperature sensor 44, and the outer wall of the collecting tank 4 is wound with an electric heating wire; the amount of helium-4 superfluid liquid in the collecting tank 4 is detected by the liquid level meter 43, and when it exceeds a certain pre-set amount, the collecting tank 4 is heated to gasify the helium-4 superfluid liquid, which is then sucked away from the discharge port 42. The temperature in the collecting tank 4 is controlled by the temperature sensor 44, so that the temperature in the tank can meet the gasification of helium-4 superfluid liquid, and the temperature is prevented from being too high to affect the recycling of helium-4.

[0031] As an embodiment, a plurality of collection portions 23 can be formed on the discharge pipe 2 outside the evaporation chamber 1 to form multi-stage retention of the helium-4 superfluid liquid entering the pipe. For example, the discharge pipe 2 has a serpentine structure with a plurality of bending portions, and the concave bending portions are the collection portions 23. The lowest end of each collection portion 23 is provided with a discharge hole 231, and each discharge hole 231 is connected to a drainage pipe 41, and each drainage pipe 41 is connected to a collecting tank 4.

[0032] The application provides a dilution refrigerator with the superfluid helium climbing film blocking device.

[0033] In summary, the application provides a superfluid helium climbing film blocking device, which is provided with a blocking cover on the outer side wall of the discharge pipe. When the helium-4 superfluid liquid climbs along the outer side wall of the discharge pipe and meets the blocking cover, it climbs along the bottom inclined surface of the blocking cover to the stop edge. The sharp-shaped stop edge causes the helium-4 superfluid liquid to gather here and drop under the action of gravity, avoiding its entering the suction port, blocking the climbing film behavior of the superfluid helium along the inner wall of the discharge pipe, and ensuring the refrigeration efficiency of the system. The application provides a dilution refrigerator with the superfluid helium climbing film blocking device.

[0034] Of course, the application can have other various embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the application without departing from the spirit and essence of the application. However, these corresponding changes and modifications should all belong to the protection scope of the claims attached to the application.

Claims

1. A superfluid helium cladding break device, comprising: The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device.

2. The superfluid helium cladding break device of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device.

3. The superfluid helium cladding break device of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device.

4. The superfluid helium cladding break device of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device.

5. The superfluid helium cladding break device of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device.

6. The superfluid helium cladding break device of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device.

7. The superfluid helium cladding break device of claim 6, wherein, The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device.

8. The superfluid helium cladding break device of claim 6, wherein, The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device.

9. The superfluid helium cladding break device of claim 8, wherein, The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device.

10. A dilution refrigerator, characterized by, The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device. The application relates to a superfluid helium membrane climbing blocking device