98 results about "Dilution refrigerator" patented technology

The invention discloses a multifunctional integrated gas control system for a dilution refrigerator, and particularly relates to the field of refrigeration and low-temperature engineering, which comprises a liquid nitrogen cold trap, a gas buffer tank, an integrated valve box, a dilution refrigeration internal circulation pipeline, a diaphragm compressor, a roots pump, a turbo molecular pump and a vacuum suction pump set. According to the system, a highly-integrated valve box module is used and is responsible for implementing gas circuit control on different stages such as dilution refrigeration cycle starting, operation and shutdown rewarming; according to the invention, conductance optimization and heat loss reduction are carried out on gas paths with different temperature zones and different pressures, high air tightness of a full temperature zone from room temperature to extremely low temperature is ensured, the reliability and the automation degree of the dilution refrigerating machine are improved, and very positive significance is provided for practicability of a dilution refrigerating system.

The invention provides a 3He internal circulation device for a dilution refrigerator and the dilution refrigerator, and relates to the technical field of dilution refrigerators. The dilution refrigerator is provided with a mixing chamber and an evaporation chamber, the 3He internal circulation device comprises at least one pair of circulation main bodies and a driving mechanism, the at least one pair of circulation main bodies are arranged between a first-stage cold disc and a second-stage cold disc which are distributed at intervals in the vertical direction, the temperature of the first-stage cold disc is located in a first temperature zone, and the temperature of the second-stage cold disc is located in a second temperature zone; each circulating main body has a first state in which the circulating main body moves downwards to be in contact with the second-stage cold disc, is cooled to a second temperature zone and adsorbs 3He steam from the evaporation chamber, and a second state in which the circulating main body moves upwards to be in contact with the first-stage cold disc, is heated to the first temperature zone and releases the 3He steam to the mixing chamber. The driving mechanism is suitable for driving the two circulating main bodies in each pair to move in the vertical direction so as to be switched between a first state and a second state, and the two circulating main bodies are kept in different states so as to form a 3He steam inner circulating passage.

The invention relates to the technical field of dilution refrigerators, in particular to a liquid-helium-free dilution refrigerator with a rapid precooling inner cavity structure, which comprises a first rack and a second rack, a top plate is fixedly mounted at the top of the second rack, a top cover is fixedly arranged on the top plate, and a shell assembly is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the top cover. A multi-layer vacuum cavity assembly used for providing a vacuum environment is arranged in the shell assembly, a dilution refrigeration unit and an inner cavity mechanism assembly are arranged on the multi-layer vacuum cavity assembly, and the inner cavity mechanism assembly, the top cover and the multi-layer vacuum cavity assembly are jointly provided with an adjustable inflation and deflation mechanism used for adjusting an air inlet and outlet mode. Through cooperative use of the driving mechanism and the step-by-step regulation and control assembly in the adjustable inflation and deflation mechanism, switching of air inlet and outlet modes is achieved, mode switching of air inlet and outlet through a single through hole and simultaneous air inlet and outlet through multiple vent holes is achieved, and different working modes can be conveniently switched according to actual needs.

The utility model discloses an integrated valve group, a gas processing unit, a dilution refrigerator and a quantum computer, the integrated valve group comprises a valve body, a valve core and a control valve, and the gas processing unit comprises an integrated valve group, a gas reservoir, a pump set, a filter, a flow meter and a pressure meter. The dilution refrigerator comprises a gas processing unit, a refrigeration unit, an evacuation unit, a control unit and a pre-cooling unit, and the quantum computer comprises a dilution refrigerator, a line connection subsystem, a quantum chip subsystem and a measurement and control subsystem. Components such as a circulation valve, a pressure meter and a flow meter except a pump set and an air reservoir are uniformly installed on a valve body through an integrated valve set, a valve blind hole is formed in the end face of the integrated valve set, and a closed loop is formed by simulating pipeline connection through an internal preset flow channel; the valve element structure is optimized to be matched with the corresponding valve body, the overall structure is compact, the containerization degree is high, the sealing effect is effectively improved, and the working medium gas leakage risk and the maintenance cost are reduced.

A cold storage material according to an embodiment contains a rare earth aluminum oxide containing at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, in which a Group 1 element is contained in an amount of 0.001 atom % or more and 10 atom % or less, and a maximum volumetric specific heat value in a temperature range of 2 K or more and 10 K or less is 0.5 J / (cm3·K) or more.

A cryogenic cooling system comprises a vacuum chamber (101), a plurality of thermal stages (105, 106, 107, 503, 504) cooled to respective temperatures during operation, and a gastight sleeve (301, 401), at least a portion of which protrudes in the vacuum chamber (101). Inside said gastight sleeve (301, 401) are one or more cooling stages (501, 502) of a first cooling module (302). At least a first part (505, 506) of a second cooling module is inside said gastight sleeve (301, 401). A first thermally conductive coupling (508, 509, 510) exists between a first cooling stage (501, 502) and said first part (505, 506) of said second cooling module. A second thermally conductive coupling (515, 516, 521) exists between a first thermal stage (105, 106, 107) and a respective part (304, 305) of said second cooling module.

The invention relates to the technical field of extremely low temperature refrigeration, and provides a multi-stage parallel flow channel heat exchanger which comprises an outer barrel and an inner barrel which are connected in a sleeving mode and share the same center shaft. A containing cavity is formed between the outer barrel and the inner barrel, and the two ends of the containing cavity are each provided with an end cover; two spiral guide plates which are arranged around the central shaft and have the same rotating direction are also arranged in the accommodating cavity; a runner is formed between the two guide plates; n partition plates which are the same as the flow channels in spiral direction are arranged in each flow channel; and the flow channel is divided into N + 1 parallel sub-flow channels by the N partition plates. In this way, the two spiral flow channels are formed in the containing cavity, and the partition plates are arranged in each flow channel to form the multiple sub-flow channels. Parallel flow heat exchange, multi-stage heat exchange or multi-heat-exchange-surface cross heat exchange of multiple media can be achieved. The heat exchange efficiency and the heat exchange effect are improved, and the method can be applied to various scenes. The invention further provides a dilution refrigerator.

Inside the vacuum enclosure (101) of a cryostat, a plurality of temperature stages form an ordered series in a primary direction. They are cooled to respective cryogenically cooled temperatures with stages (104, 106) of a staged cooling system. A first dilution refrigerator (1001) comprises a first still (109) and a first mixing chamber (110), of which said first still (109) is located on a first still flange (501) and said first mixing chamber (110) is located on a first mixing chamber flange (502). A second dilution refrigerator (1002) comprises a second still (301) and a second mixing chamber (302), of which said second still (301) is located on a second still flange (504) and said second mixing chamber (302) is located on a second mixing chamber flange (505). Said first still flange (501) is thermally separate from said second still flange (504). Said first mixing chamber flange (502) is thermally separate from said second mixing chamber flange (505). Said second dilution refrigerator (1002) is configured for a larger cooling power than said first dilution refrigerator (1001).

Provided herein are systems and methods for improved thermalization of a dilution refrigerator. The dilution refrigerator includes a still, a mixing chamber, a first continuous heat exchanger, and a second continuous heat exchanger. The continuous heat exchangers are disposed between the mixing chamber and the still, and an intermediate cold plate is disposed between the first continuous heat exchanger and the second continuous heat exchanger. An outgoing flow path of fluid helium from the mixing chamber to the still is thermalized to the intermediate cold plate.

The invention relates to the technical field of extremely-low-temperature refrigeration, and provides a multi-spiral-flow-channel heat exchanger which comprises an outer barrel, an inner barrel is connected with the outer barrel in a sleeved mode, the outer barrel and the inner barrel share a center shaft and form a containing cavity, and the two ends of the containing cavity are each provided with an end cover; an even number of spiral flow guide plates which are arranged around the central shaft and have the same rotating direction are further arranged in the containing cavity, the inner rotating edges of the flow guide plates are attached to the outer side face of the inner barrel body, and the outer rotating edges of the flow guide plates are attached to the inner side face of the outer barrel body; edges, intersected with the inner surfaces of the end covers, of the two ends of the flow guide plates are uniformly and annularly arranged around the central shaft; a flow channel is formed between the upper surface of each flow guide plate and the lower surface of the adjacent flow guide plate; and a runner opening is formed at the joint of the runner and the end cover on the corresponding side. Therefore, the spiral flow channels are arranged in the limited space between the two cylinders, the flowing speed of a medium is slowed down, the flowing path of the medium and the heat exchange area are prolonged, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The invention further provides a dilution refrigerator.

A dilution refrigerator is provided. The dilution refrigerator includes an outer vacuum chamber comprising at least one substantially planar surface and an opening in the at least one substantially planar surface configured to provide access to an interior of the outer vacuum chamber.

The utility model relates to the technical field of extremely-low-temperature refrigeration equipment, and provides a cold head vibration reduction mechanism which comprises two oppositely-arranged base plates. A plurality of groups of damping modules and elastic modules are arranged between the two substrates; the elastic module is configured to convert vibration energy into elastic expansion and contraction; the damping module is configured to absorb energy of elastic expansion and contraction so as to eliminate vibration. The base plate is in a disc shape, and the damping modules and the elastic modules are evenly and annularly arranged around the center of the base plate. Therefore, the elastic module is matched with the damping module, so that vibration energy can be quickly and fully absorbed, and temperature fluctuation caused by vibration and influence on refrigeration are avoided. The utility model further provides a dilution refrigerator which is provided with the cold head damping mechanism. One substrate of the damping mechanism is connected with the cold head, and the other substrate of the damping mechanism is connected with the thermostat module.

Disclosed is a gas handling system (GHS) for a dilution refrigerator, the GHS including a primary pump unit arranged for maintaining a helium output flow including helium vapor from the dilution refrigerator and a helium input flow into the dilution refrigerator for maintaining a cooled operating temperature of the dilution refrigerator. The primary pump unit is arranged for facilitating initiating the helium input flow and the helium output flow for cooling the dilution refrigerator by both capturing the helium vapor from the dilution refrigerator and causing the helium vapor to be condensed for the helium input flow at the dilution refrigerator.

This invention relates to a double-helix continuous variable-diameter shell-and-tube heat exchanger for a dilution refrigerator and its manufacturing method. The heat exchanger comprises a central inner tube and an outer tube, serving as a pre-stage heat exchanger for a separate silver powder sintered heat exchanger in the dilution refrigerator. The dense-phase fluid of the dilution refrigerator flows in the cooling direction within the central inner tube, while the dilute-phase fluid flows in the heating direction within the annular gap between the outer tube and the central inner tube. The central inner tube has a spring-shaped primary helical structure, coaxially inserted into the inner cavity of the outer tube. The inserted central inner tube and outer tube together form a secondary helix, creating a nested double-helix structure. In the cooling flow direction of the dense-phase fluid, the central inner tube is divided into an integrally formed constant-diameter section and a non-linearly expanding section. The outer tube is a seamless tube with a constant inner diameter throughout. This invention also includes a method. This invention significantly increases the heat exchange area within a compact space, thereby achieving efficient counter-current heat exchange, while reducing parasitic heat in the extremely low temperature region and providing some protection for the downstream separate heat exchanger, effectively improving the overall performance of the dilution refrigerator.

The utility model provides a temperature sensing unit and a detection device. The temperature sensing unit comprises a magnetic material, an antenna substrate, a diamond, a condensing lens, an optical filter, a photoelectric detector and a laser output port. According to the scheme, on the basis of the principle that the magnetic field of the magnetic material can change along with the temperature, the temperature is reversely deduced by measuring the magnetic field change of the magnetic material through the diamond NV color center, and due to the fact that the magnetic field detection sensitivity of the diamond NV color center is extremely high, higher temperature measurement sensitivity can be obtained in a wide temperature range through temperature inversion through the scheme. Meanwhile, the utility model provides a detection device suitable for monitoring the temperature of the cold plate of the dilution refrigerator, and the application feasibility of the NV color center sensing technology in the field is verified.

The utility model relates to the field of dilution refrigerators, in particular to a heat exchange structure for a dilution refrigerator, which comprises a heat exchange mechanism, an upper seal cover is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the heat exchange mechanism, and a lower seal cover is fixedly mounted on the lower side of the heat exchange mechanism. The heat exchange mechanism comprises a heat exchange assembly, the heat exchange assembly comprises a heat exchanger body, and a first connecting pipe is fixedly installed at the position, close to the middle, of the upper end of the heat exchanger body; due to the fact that the first flow guide groove and the second flow guide groove which are in the reverse spiral shape are designed, the heat exchange area is greatly increased, cold fluid and hot fluid can make full contact in the flowing process, and therefore the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Due to the reverse spiral design, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the space is effectively saved, in the same volume, the spiral flow guide groove can provide a longer flowing path and a larger heat exchange area, and therefore double optimization of efficient heat exchange and space utilization is achieved.

An estimation method for a noise figure of a circuit of a dilution refrigerator, and a control system. The method comprises: a measurement and control system outputting a microwave signal to a dilution refrigerator at a first temperature, and calculating a noise figure by means of a first calculation model; calculating, by means of a second calculation model, noise parameters and noise factors when the microwave signal enters several cold plates; and calculating, by means of a third calculation model, a noise factor of the microwave signal passing through the entire dilution refrigerator, substituting the noise factor into the first calculation model and converting same into a noise figure, determining a compensation amount on the basis of electronic components at the cold plates, and performing summation to obtain a total estimated value of the noise figure. In the method, a noise figure of an internal circuit of a dilution refrigerator is estimated by using the derivation of noise figures of a microwave signal passing through different temperature intervals of the dilution refrigerator, such that the noise figure of the internal circuit of the entire dilution refrigerator can be obtained, thereby solving the problem of it being difficult to measure a signal-to-noise ratio of a microwave signal at a quantum chip inlet under a low-temperature environment of a dilution refrigerator.

A dilution refrigerator comprises: a separator (50) that is disposed below a mixer (10) and separates helium-3 from a mixed liquid; a heat exchange unit (60) that is disposed between the mixer (10) and the separator (50), forms a counter flow between a dense phase mixed liquid which rises from the separator (50) to the mixer (10) and a dilute phase mixed liquid which flows down from the mixer (10) to the separator (50), and performs heat exchange between the dense phase mixed liquid and the dilute phase mixed liquid by means of the counter flow; a helium-4 circulation unit (40) that comprises a filter for separating helium-4 from the mixed liquid, separates the helium-4 from the dilute phase mixed liquid in the separator (50) by using the mechanocaloric effect, and returns the helium-4 to the dilute phase mixed liquid in the mixer (10); and an auxiliary refrigerator that achieves low temperature by means of reduced-pressure discharge of the helium-3. The auxiliary refrigerator cools the helium-4 which is returned to the mixer (10) by the helium-4 circulation unit (40).

The invention provides an electric connector, a signal transmission device and a dilution refrigerator, and relates to the technical field of quantum computing, and the electric connector comprises a heat sink housing which is provided with a through accommodation space in an insertion direction and is suitable for being installed on a cold disc of the dilution refrigerator of a superconducting quantum computer; the heat conduction assembly is mounted in the accommodating space and comprises a plurality of heat conduction insulating sheets which are arranged in parallel at intervals; and the plurality of electric connection assemblies are respectively arranged in two adjacent heat-conducting insulating sheets and are configured to respectively electrically connect the plurality of terminals of the two plugs inserted into the accommodating space in opposite directions and transmit the heat of the terminals to the cold disc through the heat-conducting insulating sheets and the heat sink shell, and the cold disc can fully cool the plurality of terminals of the two plugs.

The invention discloses a loop differential thermal expansion combined air gap type thermal switch for a dilution refrigerator and a manufacturing method of the loop differential thermal expansion combined air gap type thermal switch for the dilution refrigerator. The device is composed of a cold-end base, a hot-end base, a supporting shell, a cold-end conductor, a hot-end conductor, a concentric staggered cold-end cylinder group and a concentric staggered hot-end cylinder group. By means of the structural arrangement and the difference of thermal expansion coefficients of different materials, extremely small air gaps are naturally formed between conductors at low temperature, and harsh machining precision is not needed. Meanwhile, the design of the concentric staggered cylinder group greatly increases the heat exchange area, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the gas working medium is enhanced; high-reliability sealing is realized by adopting a sealing structure of an annular sealing groove and a high-purity indium wire, and an initial gap is ensured to be adjustable by matching with bolt pretightening force control. And positive significance is achieved on performance improvement and production and manufacturing of the dilution refrigerating machine.

The application provides a volume measuring device and a volume measuring method of a heat exchanger of a dilution refrigerator, and relates to the technical fields of volume measurement and dilution refrigerator. The volume measuring device comprises a reference container, a pressure regulating assembly, a first valve and a pressure gauge. The reference container is used for connecting a to-be-measured container and has a first cylinder and a second cylinder which are slidably connected with each other, and the second cylinder is suitable for reciprocally sliding relative to the first cylinder in an axial direction to change the volume of the reference container. The pressure gauge is suitable for measuring the internal pressure of the reference container. The first valve is arranged between the reference container and the to-be-measured container. The pressure regulating assembly adjusts the pressure in the reference container and the to-be-measured container to a reference pressure and closes the first valve in response to the first valve being initially opened; then adjusts the pressure of the reference container to a first pressure and opens the first valve again, so that the pressure gauge reading decreases to a second pressure; and then drives the second cylinder to slide towards the first cylinder until the pressure gauge reading returns to the first pressure.

The invention discloses a vibration isolation unit, a cryostat, a dilution refrigerator and a processing method of the vibration isolation unit. The vibration isolation unit comprises a first connecting line, and the first connecting line is connected with the interior of the cryostat and a cable winding and unwinding device; the spring element is connected with the connecting line I; the second connecting line is connected with the spring element. The cryostat comprises a pulse tube refrigeration unit. The lower part of the pulse tube refrigerator is connected with a cooling disc unit; the dilution refrigerator includes a cryostat. The processing method comprises the steps of determining vibration parameters received by the dilution refrigerator, determining a vibration isolation target of the vibration isolation unit, and solving parameters of the vibration isolation unit. The vibration isolation unit is connected with the quantum chip, so that the quantum chip unit is not in direct contact with the multi-stage cold disc unit, the quantum chip unit is in a suspended state and is only connected with the vibration isolation unit, and mechanical vibration caused by the pulse tube refrigerator and environmental factors can be effectively isolated.

Systems and methods for improving the performance of dilution refrigeration systems are described. Filters and traps employed in the helium circuit of a dilution refrigerator may be modified to improve performance. Some traps may be designed to harness cryocondensation as opposed to cryoadsorption. A cryocondensation trap employs a cryocondensation surface having a high thermal conductivity and a high specific heat with a binding energy that preferably matches at least one contaminant but does not match helium. Multiple traps may be coupled in series in the helium circuit, with each trap designed to trap a specific contaminant or set of contaminants. Both cryocondensation and cryoadsorption may be exploited among multiple traps.

A distributed refrigeration system is provided. The distributed refrigeration system comprises a pre-cooling system configured to be thermally coupled to two or more cryogenic devices and to provide a first cooling stage to the two or more cryogenic devices. The two or more cryogenic devices may be two or more of a dilution refrigerator, a low-temperature microscopy system, a 3He refrigeration system, and / or a superconducting CMOS system.

The invention relates to the technical field of extremely low temperature refrigeration equipment, and provides a superfluid helium climbing membrane blocking device which comprises an evaporation chamber connected with a feeding pipe; the discharging pipe extends into the evaporation chamber from the bottom of the evaporation chamber, one end located inside the evaporation chamber is an air suction port, and one end located outside the evaporation chamber is an air outlet; the blocking cover is connected to the outer side wall of the discharging pipe extending into the evaporation chamber in a sleeving manner; the blocking cover is provided with a receding hole used for being connected with the discharging pipe in a sleeved mode. The top inclined plane and the bottom inclined plane extend outwards from the receding hole, and the top inclined plane and the bottom inclined plane intersect to form a stop edge with a sharp-corner-shaped section. Therefore, the blocking cover is arranged on the outer side wall of the discharging pipe, the sharp-corner-shaped blocking edge is formed on the edge of the blocking cover, superfluid helium liquid is promoted to be gathered at the blocking cover and drip under the action of gravity, the superfluid helium liquid is prevented from entering the air suction opening, the membrane climbing behavior of superfluid helium along the inner wall of the discharging pipe is blocked, and the refrigerating efficiency of a system is guaranteed. The invention provides a dilution refrigerator.

The application discloses a dilution refrigerator vibration isolation device suitable for a multi-vibration source environment and particularly relates to the field of refrigeration and cryogenic engineering, and comprises a flexible vibration isolation structure, a mechanical refrigerator vibration isolation structure, a low-temperature thermostat overall vibration isolation frame and a vibration isolation structure of external auxiliary equipment, the low-temperature thermostat overall vibration isolation frame comprises a cross support reinforced frame, the top of the cross support reinforced frame is provided with a low-temperature thermostat support plate, and air damping pads are arranged between the four corners of the low-temperature thermostat support plate and the top surface of the cross support reinforced frame; and the flexible vibration isolation structure is arranged between a mechanical refrigerator cold head and a dilution refrigerator cold plate. The application can effectively isolate multi-source mechanical vibration interference, improve the operation stability and measurement accuracy of a dilution refrigerator low-temperature thermostat, and ensure the smooth and effective operation of important applications, such as quantum computing and extremely low-temperature physical experiments, which require extremely low external interference.

The application discloses a controllable filling method and system for a helium mixture of a dilution refrigerator, and relates to the technical field of image processing and intelligent control, and comprises the following steps: collecting an image of an outer wall of a target thin tube section to generate a frost band enhanced profile; extracting a half-height width and an edge gradient to calculate a frost band shape anomaly ratio, and generating a throttling influence coefficient according to the frost band shape anomaly ratio; collecting pressure and temperature of a metering cavity to calculate a metering release molar quantity, and correcting the metering release molar quantity by using the throttling influence coefficient to obtain an effective inlet molar quantity; and generating a valve control instruction based on the effective inlet molar quantity. The application can improve the metering accuracy and safety of the filling process.

The present application relates to dilution refrigerator temperature calibration technical field, and disclose a kind of dilution refrigerator thermometer in situ calibration system based on natural cooling dynamics, comprising: according to the dynamics equation of cooling power and temperature Curvature is calculated, according to the temperature corresponding to thermometer resistance value, the temperature is substituted into temperature curvature, and the calibration function of resistance value and temperature is obtained;Identify the multivalued region of temperature, and evolve multiple branch functions in multivalued region in calibration function, calculate the deviation measure of each branch function and calibration function;In multivalued region, the support degree of each branch function to calibration function is calculated, and real-time data is obtained by adjusting calculation load, to minimize the number of experiments to verify calibration function;According to the branch verification result of multivalued region, dynamically adjust the verification strategy of non-multivalued region, under the premise of not relaxing calibration accuracy, through dynamics branch and load guide, significantly reduce the repeated experiment cost of dilution refrigerator cryogenic calibration.

Disclosed is a still chamber for a dilution refrigerator. The still chamber comprises a base region for accommodating a liquid mixture of helium-3 and helium-4, an outlet for directing helium vapor evaporated from the liquid mixture into a still pumping line and one or more cooling elements between the base region and the outlet for recondensing helium-4 from the helium vapor.

Systems and techniques that facilitate high-density packaging of application-specific integrated circuits in a dilution refrigerator for quantum computing are provided. In an embodiment, a structure can comprise a backplane assembly, wherein the backplane assembly can comprise an internal backplane wiring that conveys, via a hub chip, a set of input signals from an input cable to a set of backplane connectors. The structure can comprise a set of daughter-card assemblies. The set of daughter-card assemblies can comprise a set of processing chips that are electrically connected to the set of backplane connectors and to a set of output cables, wherein the set of processing chips generate, at a first cryogenic temperature, a set of output signals as functions of the set of input signals, and wherein the set of output signals are conveyed, via the set of output cables, to a set of quantum processors at a second cryogenic temperature.