An automatic positioning sampling device and method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock debris

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of cuttings acoustic wave measurement technology, specifically an automatic positioning and sampling device and method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of cuttings. It includes symmetrically arranged slide rails, a synchronization unit slidably mounted on the slide rails via a sliding adjuster, a B-type acoustic wave sensor mounted on the synchronization unit, and an A-type acoustic wave sensor corresponding to the B-type sensor. A rack is provided on the back plate, and a stepper motor moves up and down along the rack. It also includes a thickness measurement module and a thickness calculation module, with the thickness calculation module connected to the sliding adjuster. The thickness measurement module, thickness calculation module, and stepper motor are all connected to an integrated control unit. Through zero-point calibration, cuttings loading and positioning, automatic sensor adaptation and adjustment, and closed-loop pressure monitoring, precise coincidence of measurement points, sensor coaxiality, and precise pressure control are achieved. This invention reduces manual intervention, improves the accuracy and efficiency of cuttings acoustic wave time difference measurement, and provides reliable data support for drilling engineering guidance and reservoir evaluation in oil exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rock cutting acoustic wave measurement technology, specifically relating to an automatic positioning and sampling device and method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of oil drilling, sonic transit time is a core physical quantity in oil and gas exploration and development, and its effective recording is a necessary prerequisite for conducting engineering parameter analysis and reservoir property evaluation. Rock cuttings, as a large amount of first-hand physical data that can be obtained at the drilling site, are of great practical significance for accurately extracting the formation wave velocity information contained therein, which is crucial for guiding on-site drilling engineering, assessing reservoir dynamics, and interpreting subsequent geophysical data.

[0003] The acoustic measurement of rock cuttings must meet four key technical conditions: First, the thickness measurement point and the acoustic measurement point must be at the same location; second, the pressure applied to the rock cuttings during the thickness measurement and acoustic measurement processes must be consistent; third, the AB acoustic measurement sensor must always remain coaxial; and fourth, the corresponding sensor pressure parameters must be matched according to the different physical properties of the rock cuttings.

[0004] Current rock cuttings acoustic wave measurement operations employ a manual operation mode: after manually measuring the rock cuttings thickness using calipers or micrometers, one person holds the AB acoustic wave sensor while another person places the rock cuttings between the sensor, and then manual pressure is applied to complete the measurement. This operation method has four significant drawbacks: First, individual differences in operator technique lead to inconsistent rock cuttings thickness measurement positions, causing data deviations; second, spatial misalignment exists between the thickness measurement point and the acoustic wave measurement point, resulting in insufficient correlation of measured data; third, manual holding makes it difficult to ensure that the AB acoustic wave sensor remains coaxial, affecting the stability of the acoustic wave propagation path; fourth, manual pressure application cannot achieve precise control and stable maintenance of pressure parameters, making it difficult to guarantee the consistency of measurement conditions. Any of these shortcomings will adversely affect the accuracy and reliability of rock cuttings acoustic wave time-of-flight measurement data. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an automatic positioning and sampling device and method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings, in order to solve the technical problems existing in the current manual operation mode of rock cuttings acoustic wave measurement, such as inconsistent rock cuttings thickness measurement positions, spatial misalignment between thickness and acoustic wave measurement points, difficulty in keeping AB acoustic wave sensors coaxial, and inability to accurately control and stably maintain pressure parameters when manually pressurizing.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings includes a back plate with vertically symmetrically arranged slide rails A and B. A synchronization unit is slidably mounted on slide rails A and B via a sliding adjuster. An acoustic wave sensor B is installed on the synchronization unit, and an acoustic wave sensor A is correspondingly arranged below the acoustic wave sensor B. A stepper motor is provided at the bottom of the synchronization unit, and a rack is provided on the back plate. The stepper motor can move up and down along the rack. A thickness measurement module is installed on the back plate, and a thickness calculation module is slidably connected to the thickness measurement module. The thickness calculation module is connected to the sliding adjuster. The thickness measurement module, the thickness calculation module, and the stepper motor are all connected to an integrated control unit.

[0008] A locking post is provided on one side of the back plate. The locking post is parallel to slide rail A and slide rail B. A locking button is provided on the synchronization unit. A locking hole is provided on the locking post. The locking button and the locking hole cooperate with each other to limit the up and down movement of the synchronization unit.

[0009] The synchronization unit is equipped with a B-wave sensor mounting base, and the B-wave sensor is mounted and fixed on the B-wave sensor mounting base.

[0010] The B-sound sensor mounting base is equipped with a B adjustment knob. By rotating the B adjustment knob, the B-sound sensor mounting base can be controlled to move up and down on the synchronization unit.

[0011] The A-wave sensor is mounted on the A-wave sensor mounting base, which is fixed on the rotating base, which rotates at an angle of 360°.

[0012] The A-sound sensor mounting base is equipped with an A-adjustment knob, which can be rotated and pressed. By rotating the A-adjustment knob, the A-sound sensor mounting base can be controlled to move up and down on the rotating base; by pressing the A-adjustment knob, the A-sound sensor mounting base can be controlled to move left and right on the rotating base.

[0013] The thickness measurement module and the thickness calculation module are connected by a sway stabilizer, and the sway stabilizer is equipped with a counterweight tray. The sway stabilizer and the counterweight tray are used to improve the overall stability and anti-interference capability of the automatic positioning and injection device for rock cutting transverse and longitudinal wave measurement.

[0014] The mounting base for the B acoustic sensor is equipped with a pressure sensor, which is connected to an integrated control unit. The integrated control unit receives monitoring data from the pressure sensor, determines the contact status of rock debris between the B acoustic sensor and the A acoustic sensor, and controls the stepper motor based on the contact status of the rock debris between the B acoustic sensor and the A acoustic sensor.

[0015] An automated positioning and sampling method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings includes the following steps:

[0016] Initialize and zero-point calibrate acoustic wave sensors A and B;

[0017] The integrated control unit drives the stepper motor to move upward along the rack, so that the synchronization unit moves upward along slide rail A and slide rail B through the sliding adjuster, thereby driving the B acoustic sensor to move upward a preset distance.

[0018] The rock cuttings to be tested are evenly placed on the upper surface of the A acoustic sensor. The integrated control unit drives the stepper motor to move the B acoustic sensor downward until the detection surface of the B acoustic sensor contacts the surface of the rock cuttings to be tested.

[0019] The integrated control unit controls the thickness measurement module to transmit acoustic signals to acoustic sensors A and B. The acoustic signals propagate between acoustic sensors A, the rock cuttings to be measured, and acoustic sensor B. The thickness measurement module collects the propagated acoustic feedback signals in real time and sends them to the integrated control unit. The integrated control unit records the received signals and sends them to the thickness calculation module. The thickness calculation module calculates the thickness of the rock cuttings to be measured based on the received data.

[0020] The formula for calculating the thickness of the rock cuttings to be measured is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, The thickness of the rock fragments to be measured. Let be the speed at which sound waves propagate through the rock debris being tested. The total propagation time of the sound wave from the upper surface of sensor A, through the upper surface of the rock cuttings, to the detection surface of sensor B. This represents the deviation between the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave and the theoretical round-trip time.

[0023] The deviation between the actual measured round-trip time and the theoretical round-trip time is calculated through the following steps: In the initial state where there are no rock fragments between acoustic sensors A and B, and the medium between them is a standard medium, the mechanical distance between the two end faces of acoustic sensors A and B is... Beforehand, under the same temperature and medium conditions, measure the theoretical sound wave velocities emitted by acoustic wave sensors A and B. Theoretical speed of sound Follow the formula for sound wave propagation ,in, For wavelength, The sensor frequency; based on the mechanical distance. and theoretical sound wave speed Calculate the theoretical round-trip time of sound waves The calculation formula is: In the initial state where there is no rock debris between acoustic wave sensor A and acoustic wave sensor B, the thickness measurement module emits an acoustic wave signal. The acoustic wave signal propagates between acoustic wave sensors A and B. The thickness measurement module collects the propagated acoustic wave feedback signal and transmits the collected data to the integrated control unit. The integrated control unit receives the data and records the round-trip time of the acoustic wave in real time to obtain the thickness measurement module's data. For the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave And the theoretical round-trip time of sound waves calculated in advance based on theoretical values. To make a comparison, the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave was used. Round trip time of theoretical sound waves The deviation between them is used as a correction amount. .

[0024] The B-type acoustic sensor is mounted on the synchronization unit via a B-type acoustic sensor mounting bracket. A pressure sensor is installed on the B-type acoustic sensor mounting bracket to monitor the pressure value on the detection surface of the B-type acoustic sensor in real time. The pressure sensor is connected to the integrated control unit, which receives the monitoring data from the pressure sensor, determines the contact condition between the B-type acoustic sensor and the rock cuttings on the A-type acoustic sensor, and controls the stepper motor based on the contact condition. Specifically, after initializing and zero-calibrating both the A-type and B-type acoustic sensors, the initial pressure value collected by the pressure sensor after zero-calibration is used. As the zero-point pressure, the real-time pressure value of the contact surface of the B-wave sensor is then collected. When the pressure sensor monitors the real-time pressure value of the contact surface of the B-wave sensor. From zero pressure The pressure continues to rise, and the pressure difference between the real-time pressure value and the zero-pressure value reaches the preset pressure change threshold. If the integrated control unit determines that the B-sonic sensor is in contact with the rock cutting surface, it stops the stepper motor, and the locking button engages with the corresponding locking hole on the locking post, fixing the synchronization unit in its current position. Simultaneously, based on the adjustment steps output by the integrated control unit when driving the stepper motor, the displacement of the B-sonic sensor is recorded. ,in, Let B be the transmission coefficient of the acoustic wave sensor. The adjustment steps output by the integrated control unit are used to obtain the real-time cuttings contact surface pressure value, in conjunction with Hooke's Law. Displacement of the B-wave sensor A relation, whose relational expression satisfies: ,in, The equivalent stiffness of the rock cuttings-sensor contact system is based on the aforementioned real-time pressure values. Displacement of the B-wave sensor The relationship formula, along with the real-time displacement of the B-wave sensor, is used to calculate the real-time pressure at the rock cuttings contact surface.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention proposes an automatic positioning and sampling device and method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings. Through multi-dimensional structural adjustment, it achieves precise alignment between thickness measurement points and acoustic wave measurement points, solving the spatial misalignment problem caused by manual operation. A rack-and-stepper motor drive, combined with a manual knob, ensures that the AB acoustic wave sensors remain coaxial, guaranteeing a stable acoustic wave propagation path. Pressure control employs closed-loop monitoring, combined with a displacement-pressure correlation algorithm, to achieve precise matching and stable maintenance of pressure parameters, eliminating errors from manual pressurization. The automated process integrates rock cuttings positioning, thickness measurement, and pressure adjustment, reducing manual intervention and significantly improving measurement efficiency, thereby substantially enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of transverse and longitudinal wave measurements of rock cuttings. The overall structure enhances stability through counterweight and anti-vibration design, adapting to the needs of rock cuttings detection with different physical properties, providing more reliable acoustic time-of-flight data for oil exploration, and supporting drilling engineering guidance and reservoir evaluation. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the back plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the stepper motor and rack structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic positioning and sampling method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic positioning and sampling method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0032] Labeling Explanation: 1. Main Body of the Device; 2. Fixed Platform; 3. Rotating Base; 4. Integrated Control Unit; 5. Back Plate; 6. Support Column A; 7. Support Column B; 8. Locking Column; 9. Slide Rail A; 10. Rack; 11. Slide Rail B; 12. Thickness Measurement Module; 13. Synchronization Unit; 14. Locking Button; 15. Sliding Adjuster; 16. Thickness Calculation Module; 17. A Acoustic Sensor Mounting Base; 18. B Acoustic Sensor Mounting Base; 19. A Adjustment Knob; 20. B Adjustment Knob; 21. Counterweight Tray; 22. Stepper Motor; 23. Anti-Shake Balancer. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To further understand the content of this invention, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting of the invention.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] This embodiment proposes an automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings, which effectively solves problems such as inconsistent thickness measurement positions, misaligned measurement points, poor sensor coaxiality, and difficulty in controlling pressure in manual measurement, thereby improving data accuracy and reliability.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the automatic positioning and injection device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings includes a main body 1. A back plate 5 is vertically mounted on the main body 1, and the back plate 5 provides an installation plane for the longitudinal structure of the main body 1. The front of the back plate 5 is used to install the measuring device, and the back of the back plate 5 is used to install the fixing structure. At both ends of the back of the back plate 5, support columns A6 and B7 are vertically and symmetrically arranged. Support columns A6 and B7 are trapezoidal plate structures. Support columns A6 and B7, the back plate 5 and the fixing platform 2 are all perpendicular to each other. Support columns A6 and B7, the back plate 5 and the fixing platform 2 together constitute the longitudinal support frame of the automatic positioning and injection device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings.

[0037] On the front of the back plate 5, slide rails A9 and B11 are vertically mounted. Slide rails A9 and B11 are parallel and symmetrical, and their installation positions correspond to the installation positions of support columns A6 and B7 on the back plate 5. The bottom of the synchronization unit 13 is slidably mounted on slide rails A9 and B11, which provide sliding tracks for the synchronization unit 13. The synchronization unit 13 is equipped with a sliding adjuster 15, which is slidably fixed to the sliding tracks of slide rails A9 and B11. A locking post 8 is vertically fixed to one side of the front of the back plate 5. The fixed column 8 is parallel to the slide rails A9 and B11. The locking column 8 is provided with a locking hole. The synchronization unit 13 is provided with a locking button 14. The locking button 14 cooperates with the locking hole to restrict the up and down sliding of the synchronization unit 13 on the slide rails A9 and B11. A stepper motor 22 is installed at the bottom of the synchronization unit 13. A rack 10 is vertically fixed on the back plate 5 corresponding to the position of the stepper motor 22. The stepper motor 22 cooperates with the rack 10. The stepper motor 22 moves up and down along the rack 10, thereby driving the synchronization unit 13 to move up and down along the slide rails A9 and B11. A thickness measurement module 12 is vertically fixed on the back plate 5. A thickness calculation module 16 is slidably mounted on the thickness measurement module 12. The thickness calculation module 16 is connected to a sliding adjuster 15. The sliding adjuster 15 is mounted on the slide rail B11. The synchronization unit 13 moves up and down along the slide rail A9 and the slide rail B11, so that the sliding adjuster 15 drives the thickness calculation module 16 to move up and down on the thickness measurement module 12. The position of the thickness calculation module 16 is finely adjusted by the sliding adjuster 15.

[0038] A B-sound sensor mounting base 18 is installed at the lower end of the synchronization unit 13, and a B-sound sensor is mounted on the B-sound sensor mounting base 18. An A-sound sensor mounting base 17 is fixed on the main body 1, and an A-sound sensor is mounted on the A-sound sensor mounting base 17. The A-sound sensor mounting base 17 and the B-sound sensor mounting base 18 are respectively provided with mounting interfaces adapted to the A-sound sensor and the B-sound sensor, so that the A-sound sensor and the B-sound sensor can be firmly mounted on the A-sound sensor mounting base 17 and the B-sound sensor mounting base 18. The A-sound sensor mounting base 17 and the B-sound sensor mounting base 18 correspond vertically to each other, and the A-sound sensor... The A-mounted sensor 17 and the B-mounted sensor 18 are positioned opposite each other. The lower end of the A-mounted sensor 17 is mounted on the upper surface of the main body 1 via a rotating base 3. The A-mounted sensor 17 is equipped with an A-adjustment knob 19, which can be rotated and pressed. Rotating the A-adjustment knob 19 controls the A-mounted sensor 17 to move up and down on the rotating base 3; pressing the A-adjustment knob 19 controls the A-mounted sensor 17 to move left and right on the rotating base 3; the rotating base 3 can also be manually rotated to allow the A-mounted sensor 17 to rotate 360° with the rotating base 3. The B-mounted sensor 18 is equipped with a B-adjustment knob 20, which controls the B-mounted sensor 18 to move up and down on the fixed block by rotating the B-adjustment knob 20. The structural design of acoustic sensor mounting bases 17 (A) and 18 (B) meets the installation accuracy requirements of acoustic sensors, ensuring stable position and correct orientation after installation to guarantee the accuracy of transmitted and received sound waves. Both mounting bases 17 and 18 are equipped with compatible acoustic sensor mounting interfaces, allowing for secure installation of the acoustic sensors. Through adjustment knobs 19 (A) and 20 (B), along with associated slide rails and adjustment mechanisms, both mounting bases 17 and 18 achieve multi-dimensional displacement adjustment (up, down, left, and right) to accommodate the detection of workpieces of different sizes and shapes. This enables micron-level or finer adjustment accuracy, meeting the positional adaptation requirements of high-precision detection, ensuring the acoustic sensor is aligned with the workpiece detection area, and improving detection accuracy and adaptability.

[0039] In another preferred embodiment, a vibration stabilizer 23 is provided at the sliding connection between the thickness calculation module 16 and the thickness measurement module 12. In this embodiment, the vibration stabilizer 23 can also be installed at the structural connection and movable connection between components. The vibration stabilizer 23 adopts a damping structure or elastic buffer structure to absorb and buffer the vibration generated during the operation of the device, reduce the interference of vibration on the detection operation, especially the impact on high-precision acoustic wave detection, and ensure the accuracy of the detection data and the stability of the device operation. Furthermore, a counterweight tray 21 is also provided on the sliding adjuster 15. The counterweight tray 21 is used to place counterweight blocks. The setting position of the counterweight tray 21 is adjusted according to the center of gravity of the automatic positioning and injection device for rock cutting transverse and longitudinal wave measurement. It can be on the support frame formed by the back plate 5 and the two support columns; or a specific position can be manually determined according to the actual situation. By adjusting the number of counterweights and the position of the counterweight tray 21, the center of gravity distribution of the automatic positioning and injection device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings is optimized. This ensures better stability during operation and avoids problems such as shaking and tilting caused by center of gravity shift, which could affect detection accuracy and structural lifespan. The combined effect of the counterweight tray 21 and the anti-shake balancer 23 enhances the overall stability and anti-interference capability of the automatic positioning and injection device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment, an integrated control unit 4 is also installed on the main body 1 of the device. The integrated control unit 4 is wirelessly connected to the stepper motor 22, the thickness measurement module 12, and the thickness calculation module 16 for signal transmission. The integrated control unit 4 receives the data collected by the thickness measurement module 12 and transmits the data to the thickness calculation module 16 for thickness calculation. The thickness calculation module 16 feeds back the calculation results to the integrated control unit 4. The thickness calculation module 16 analyzes the data based on the calculation results and outputs control commands to set and adjust the stepper motor 22, thereby realizing automated and intelligent control of the entire device. This integrates the control of various functional structures into one, improves the ease of operation and control accuracy of the device, reduces manual intervention, and improves the efficiency and stability of the detection operation.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Based on the automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings proposed in Example 1, this example proposes an automatic positioning and sampling method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings, such as... Figure 4 As shown, after connecting the automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings to a power source, the specific implementation method is as follows:

[0043] Step 1: Initialize and zero-point calibrate acoustic wave sensors A and B. Specifically, adjust adjustment knobs 19 (A) and 20 (B) to ensure that acoustic wave sensor mounting bases 17 (A) and 18 (B) are vertically opposite each other. Acoustic wave sensors A and B are initially aligned, with no rock debris between them. Further, in this initial state with no rock debris between them, measure the round-trip time of acoustic waves using the thickness measurement module 12 and both sensors A and B for zero-point calibration. Specifically, in the zero-point state (i.e., the initial state with no rock debris between sensors A and B), the medium between them is a standard medium, either air or a standard calibration block. At this time, the mechanical distance between the two end faces of acoustic wave sensors A and B is... Beforehand, under the same temperature and medium conditions, measure the theoretical sound wave velocities emitted by acoustic wave sensors A and B. Theoretical speed of sound Follow the formula for sound wave propagation ,in, For wavelength, The sensor frequency; based on the mechanical distance. and theoretical sound wave speed Calculate the theoretical round-trip time of sound waves The calculation formula is: Then, using the automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings as described in Example 1, in the zero-position state, the thickness measurement module 12 emits an acoustic signal. The acoustic signal propagates between acoustic sensor A and acoustic sensor B. The thickness measurement module 12 collects the propagated acoustic feedback signal and transmits the collected data to the integrated control unit 4. The integrated control unit 4 receives the data and records the round-trip time of the acoustic wave in real time to obtain... For the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave And the theoretical round-trip time of sound waves calculated in advance based on theoretical values. To make a comparison, the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave was used. Round trip time of theoretical sound waves The deviation between them is used as a correction amount. The mechanical distance between the two end faces of acoustic sensor A and acoustic sensor B is adjusted according to the correction amount to ensure zero-position calibration accuracy.

[0044] Step 2: Perform upward pre-adjustment on the B-wave sensor. Specifically, the integrated control unit 4 drives the stepper motor 22 to move upward along the rack 10, which in turn drives the synchronization unit 13 to move upward along the slide rails A9 and B11. This causes the synchronization unit 13 to move the B-wave sensor mounting base 18 upward by a preset distance. preset distance The thickness of the rock cuttings is greater than the maximum thickness of common rock cuttings. By taking the above steps, the B acoustic sensor mounting base 18 is raised as a whole to provide sufficient loading space for the rock cuttings, so as to avoid the initial distance between the A and B acoustic sensors being too small, which could damage the equipment or interfere with the detection.

[0045] Step 3: Place the rock chips to be tested evenly on the upper surface of the A-sonic sensor on the A-sonic sensor mounting base 17, ensuring that the rock chips cover the detection surface of the A-sonic sensor and the coverage is relatively flat. During the placement of the rock chips, rotate the base 3 to drive the A-sonic sensor mounting base 17 and the A-sonic sensor to rotate. The inertia generated by the rotation causes the rock chips to move in a small range on the detection surface of the A-sonic sensor until the coverage thickness of the rock chips remains flat and without obvious skew. The auxiliary thickness measurement module 12 performs a pre-scan with sound waves to confirm whether the rock chips remain flat and without skew.

[0046] Step 4: The B acoustic sensor is adjusted downwards to make its detection surface contact the upper surface of the rock cuttings. Specifically, the integrated control unit 4 drives the stepper motor 22 to move downwards along the rack 10. The stepper motor 22 drives the B acoustic sensor mounting base 18 to move downwards along the slide rails A9 and B11 through the synchronization unit 13. As the B acoustic sensor mounting base 18 moves downwards towards the rock cuttings, the thickness measurement module 12 continuously monitors the acoustic signals of the A and B acoustic sensors. As the detection surface of the B acoustic sensor gradually approaches the surface of the rock cuttings, the acoustic signal fluctuates until the contact surface of the B acoustic sensor contacts the surface of the rock cuttings. At this point, the acoustic signals of the A and B acoustic sensors monitored by the thickness measurement module 12 are in a stable state.

[0047] Step 5: After the rock cuttings are loaded and the contact surface of the B acoustic sensor is in contact with the rock cutting surface, calculate the thickness of the rock cuttings to be measured. Specifically, determine the propagation speed of sound waves in the rock cuttings by using the density and composition of the rock cuttings. The integrated control unit 4 receives the acoustic signals from the A and B acoustic sensors collected by the thickness measurement module 12 in real time, and determines the total propagation time of the acoustic wave from the upper surface of sensor A to the upper surface of the rock cuttings to the detection surface of sensor B. Combined with the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave Round trip time of theoretical sound waves The deviation between the values, and the determined correction amount. The integrated control unit 4 will determine the total propagation time. The speed of sound wave propagation in the rock cuttings being tested is and correction amount The data is sent to the thickness calculation module 16, which calculates the thickness of the rock cuttings to be measured based on the received data. Thickness of rock fragments to be measured satisfy: .

[0048] Example 3

[0049] Based on the automatic positioning and sampling method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings described in Embodiment 2, a pressure sensor is provided in the B-sonic sensor mounting base 18 in this embodiment. The pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure value of the detection surface of the B-sonic sensor on the B-sonic sensor mounting base 18 in real time. The pressure sensor is connected to the integrated control unit 4. The integrated control unit 4 receives the monitoring data from the pressure sensor, determines the contact condition of the rock cuttings on the B-sonic sensor and the A-sonic sensor, and controls the stepper motor 22 according to the contact condition of the rock cuttings on the B-sonic sensor and the A-sonic sensor. Figure 5 As shown.

[0050] After initializing acoustic sensors A and B, the initial pressure value of the pressure sensor is acquired. Since the B-wave sensor was not in contact with the rock cuttings being measured in the initial state, the theoretical initial pressure value was... The actual initial pressure value collected The pressure is also affected by environmental interference and sensor deformation, so the pressure deviation is calculated as a correction value. , - Zero-point calibration is performed based on the correction amount, and the actual initial pressure value collected after zero-point calibration is... =0, and establish a zero-position mapping relationship: ,in, To subsequently collect the real-time raw pressure at the contact surface of the B-wave acoustic sensor at any time t. , To subsequently collect the real-time raw pressure at the contact surface of the B-wave acoustic sensor at any time t. The pressure value that needs to be corrected, namely the calibration value of the contact pressure between the B-wave acoustic sensor and the rock cuttings, is to obtain a calibration value that eliminates initial deviations and truly reflects the contact pressure between the B-wave acoustic sensor and the rock cuttings. This requires subtracting the initial deviation value from the real-time raw pressure at the contact surface of the B-wave sensor at any given time t. This is to ensure that the "zero point" of the pressure data returns to the theoretically non-contact zero-pressure state, guaranteeing subsequent pressure-based measurements.

[0051] After zero-point calibration, the integrated control unit 4 drives the stepper motor 22 to move upward along the rack 10, which in turn drives the synchronization unit 13 to move upward along slide rails A9 and B11. This causes the synchronization unit 13 to move the B acoustic sensor mounting base 18 upward a preset distance, pre-adjusting the B acoustic sensor upwards. The rock debris to be detected is evenly placed above the A acoustic sensor. By rotating the base 3, the horizontal orientation of the rock debris is finely adjusted to ensure that the rock debris covers the detection surface of the A sensor and is relatively evenly distributed. Then, the integrated control unit 4 drives the stepper motor 22 to move downward along the rack 10. The stepper motor 22, through the synchronization unit 13, drives the B acoustic sensor mounting base 18 downward along slide rails A9 and B11. During this process, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure value of the contact surface of the B acoustic sensor in real time and transmits it to the integrated control unit 4. The integrated control unit 4 determines the contact state between the B acoustic sensor and the rock debris surface based on the received pressure value data. Specifically, the initial pressure value actually collected after zero-point calibration is used as the reference. As zero-point pressure, the pressure sensor monitors the real-time pressure value at the contact surface of the B-wave sensor. From zero pressure The pressure continues to rise, and the pressure difference between the real-time pressure value and the zero-pressure value reaches the preset pressure change threshold. If the integrated control unit 4 determines that the B-sonic sensor is in contact with the rock cutting surface, it stops the stepper motor 22, and the locking button 14 engages with the corresponding locking hole on the locking post 8, fixing the synchronization unit 13 in its current position. Simultaneously, based on the number of adjustment steps output by the integrated control unit 4 when driving the stepper motor 22, the displacement of the B-sonic sensor is recorded. ,in, Let B be the transmission coefficient of the acoustic wave sensor. This represents the adjustment steps output by the integrated control unit 4. Using Hooke's Law, the real-time pressure value at the rock cuttings contact surface is obtained. Displacement of the B-wave sensor A relation, whose relational expression satisfies: ,in, The equivalent stiffness of the rock cuttings-sensor contact system is based on the aforementioned real-time pressure values. Displacement of the B-wave sensor The relationship formula, along with the real-time displacement of the B-wave sensor, is used to calculate the real-time pressure at the rock cuttings contact surface.

[0052] When the monitoring duration is T and n pressure data points are collected, the average pressure at the rock cutting contact surface is calculated based on the real-time rock cutting contact surface pressure at the n collection time points. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] in, The average pressure at the rock cuttings contact surface. This represents the real-time contact pressure of the rock cuttings at the n data collection points.

[0055] The integrated control unit 4 will calculate the average pressure at the rock cuttings contact surface. The pressure distribution after real-time correction of the rock cutting contact surface pressure is displayed to support comparison and storage of multiple sets of monitoring data. The integrated control unit 4 is set with a rock cutting contact surface pressure threshold. When the real-time rock cutting contact surface pressure is greater than or equal to the rock cutting contact surface pressure threshold, the detection surface of the B acoustic sensor contacts the upper surface of the rock cutting, and the thickness of the rock cutting to be measured at this time is calculated by the method in step 5 of embodiment 2.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] Based on the automatic measurement method for transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings described in Examples 2 and 3, this example performs transverse and longitudinal wave measurements on rock cuttings with a diameter ≤50mm. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0058] The automatic rock cutting transverse and longitudinal wave measurement device is connected to a power source. The operator drives the stepper motor 22 downwards via the integrated control unit 4, causing the B acoustic wave sensor to move until it is in contact with the A acoustic wave sensor. The distance between the contact surfaces of the B and A acoustic wave sensors is ≤0.1mm. The thickness measurement module 12 emits a reference acoustic wave signal, which is received by both the A and B acoustic wave sensors. The integrated control unit 4 records the acoustic wave signal data received by the thickness measurement module 12 in real time, including the round-trip propagation time t0 and the theoretical acoustic velocity. Calculate the mechanical distance in the initial state. The unit is mm. Based on the correction amount. The mechanical distance between the two end faces of acoustic sensors A and B is corrected to ensure that the zero-point error is ≤ ±0.002mm. This process is repeated three times, and the average value is taken as the final mechanical distance. In this embodiment, zero-degree calibration can also be performed using the pressure value monitored by the pressure sensor. The pressure zero-degree calibration satisfies the following conditions: zero drift compensation range ±0.5N, and temperature drift coefficient ≤0.01N / ℃.

[0059] The B adjustment knob 20 is returned to zero. The integrated control unit 4 records the initial position of the stepper motor 22, sets the displacement measurement starting point, and the position recording accuracy is ±0.01mm. The integrated control unit 4 drives the stepper motor 22 to adjust up the rack by a preset number of steps, causing the synchronization unit 13 to drive the B acoustic sensor to adjust the distance upwards. Set the moving speed of the B-wave sensor. =5mm / s, after the B-wave sensor reaches the upper adjustment distance, the locking button 14 and the locking hole cooperate to trigger the limit switch.

[0060] The rock fragments to be detected are evenly placed in the center area of ​​the upper surface of the A acoustic sensor on the A acoustic sensor mounting base 17. By rotating the base 3, the thickness distribution of the rock fragment coverage is ensured to remain flat. In this embodiment, the horizontal error of the rotating base 3 is ≤0.5°. The B adjustment knob 20 is manually rotated to make the positions of the A acoustic sensor and the B acoustic sensor correspond vertically. The stepper motor 22 is driven by the integrated control unit 4 to move along the rack 10 at the initial speed. The sensor moves downwards, causing the B-wave sensor mounting base 18 and the B-wave sensor to move downwards as well; when the detection surface of the B-wave sensor is 5mm away from the predicted position of the rock cuttings to be measured, it automatically slows down. Until the detection surface of the B-wave sensor contacts the surface of the rock cuttings to be tested.

[0061] Finally, the thickness of the rock fragments to be measured is calculated according to the method in step 5 of Example 2. The calculation result shows: Thickness of the rock fragments to be measured: Thickness is rounded to four decimal places, and pressure is rounded to two decimal places. After calculation, the integrated control unit 4 drives the stepper motor 22 along the rack 10 at a pressure relief speed. Moving upwards causes the B-wave sensor to adjust upwards. , Once the B-wave sensor is adjusted to this distance, the rock debris can be removed.

[0062] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. An automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings, characterized in that, The back plate (5) is vertically and symmetrically provided with slide rails A (9) and B (11). The synchronization unit (13) is slidably mounted on slide rails A (9) and B (11) via a sliding adjuster (15). A B acoustic wave sensor is installed on the synchronization unit (13), and an A acoustic wave sensor is correspondingly provided below the B acoustic wave sensor. A stepper motor (22) is provided at the bottom of the synchronization unit (13). A rack (10) is provided on the back plate (5). The stepper motor (22) can move up and down along the rack (10). A thickness measurement module (12) is installed on the back plate (5). A thickness calculation module (16) is slidably connected to the thickness measurement module (12). The thickness calculation module (16) is connected to the sliding adjuster (15). The thickness measurement module (12), the thickness calculation module (16), and the stepper motor (22) are all connected to the integrated control unit (4); a pressure sensor is provided in the B acoustic sensor mounting base (18), and the pressure sensor is connected to the integrated control unit (4). The integrated control unit (4) is used to receive the monitoring data of the pressure sensor, determine the contact status of the rock chips on the B acoustic sensor and the A acoustic sensor, and according to the contact status of the rock chips on the B acoustic sensor and the A acoustic sensor, when the detection surface of the B acoustic sensor is far from the predicted position of the rock chips to be measured, the integrated control unit (4) controls the B acoustic sensor to reduce its speed until the detection surface of the B acoustic sensor contacts the surface of the rock chips to be measured, and the thickness calculation module (16) calculates the thickness of the rock chips to be measured.

2. The automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that, A locking post (8) is provided on one side of the back plate (5). The locking post (8) is parallel to the slide rail A (9) and slide rail B (11). A locking button (14) is provided on the synchronization unit (13). A locking hole is provided on the locking post (8). The locking button (14) and the locking hole cooperate with each other to restrict the up and down movement of the synchronization unit (13).

3. The automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronization unit (13) is provided with a B-sound sensor mounting base (18), and the B-sound sensor is mounted and fixed on the B-sound sensor mounting base (18).

4. The automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The B acoustic sensor mounting base (18) is provided with a B adjustment knob (20). By rotating the B adjustment knob (20), the B acoustic sensor mounting base (18) can be controlled to move up and down on the synchronization unit (13).

5. The automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The A-sound sensor is mounted on the A-sound sensor mounting base (17), which is fixed on the rotating base (3). The rotating base (3) rotates at an angle of 360°.

6. The automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings according to claim 5, characterized in that, The A-sound sensor mounting base (17) is provided with an A-adjustment knob (19). The A-adjustment knob (19) can be rotated and pressed. By rotating the A-adjustment knob (19), the A-sound sensor mounting base (17) can be controlled to move up and down on the rotating base (3). By pressing the A-adjustment knob (19), the A-sound sensor mounting base (17) can be controlled to move left and right on the rotating base (3).

7. The automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness measurement module (12) and the thickness calculation module (16) are connected by a shock-absorbing balancer (23), and the sliding adjuster (15) is equipped with a counterweight tray (21). The shock-absorbing balancer (23) and the counterweight tray (21) are used to improve the overall stability and anti-interference ability of the automatic positioning and injection device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings.

8. An automatic positioning and sampling method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings, characterized in that, An automatic positioning and sampling device for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings according to any one of claims 1 to 7 includes the following steps: Initialize and zero-point calibrate acoustic wave sensors A and B; The integrated control unit (4) drives the stepper motor (22) to move upward along the rack (10), so that the synchronization unit (13) moves upward along the slide rail A (9) and slide rail B (11) through the sliding adjuster (15), thereby driving the B acoustic sensor to move upward a preset distance. The B acoustic sensor is mounted on the synchronization unit (13) through the B acoustic sensor mounting base (18). A pressure sensor is installed on the B acoustic sensor mounting base (18). The pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure value of the B acoustic sensor detection surface on the B acoustic sensor mounting base (18) in real time. The pressure sensor is connected to the integrated control unit (4). The integrated control unit (4) receives the monitoring data of the pressure sensor, judges the contact condition of the rock debris on the B acoustic sensor and the A acoustic sensor, and controls the stepper motor (22) according to the contact condition of the rock debris on the B acoustic sensor and the A acoustic sensor. The control of the stepper motor (22) is specifically as follows: after initializing and zero-point calibrating the A acoustic sensor and the B acoustic sensor, the initial pressure value collected by the pressure sensor after zero-point calibration is used. As the zero-point pressure, the real-time pressure value of the contact surface of the B-wave sensor is then collected. When the pressure sensor monitors the real-time pressure value of the contact surface of the B-wave sensor. From zero pressure The pressure continues to rise, and the pressure difference between the real-time pressure value and the zero-pressure value reaches the preset pressure change threshold. If the integrated control unit (4) determines that the B-sound sensor is in contact with the rock cutting surface, the integrated control unit (4) controls the stepper motor (22) to stop, and the locking button (14) locks into the corresponding locking hole on the locking post (8), so that the synchronization unit (13) is fixed in the current position; at the same time, according to the adjustment step number output by the integrated control unit (4) when driving the stepper motor (22), the displacement of the B-sound sensor at this time is recorded. ,in, Let B be the transmission coefficient of the acoustic wave sensor. The adjustment steps output by the integrated control unit (4) are used to obtain the real-time rock cuttings contact surface pressure value in conjunction with Hooke's law. Displacement of the B-wave sensor A relation, whose relational expression satisfies: ,in, The equivalent stiffness of the rock cuttings-sensor contact system is based on the aforementioned real-time pressure values. Displacement of the B-wave sensor The relationship formula, along with the real-time displacement of the B-wave sensor, is used to calculate the real-time rock cuttings contact surface pressure. The rock chips to be tested are evenly placed on the upper surface of the A acoustic sensor. The integrated control unit (4) drives the stepper motor (22) to move the B acoustic sensor downward. When the detection surface of the B acoustic sensor is far from the predicted position of the rock chips to be tested, the integrated control unit (4) controls the B acoustic sensor to reduce its speed until the detection surface of the B acoustic sensor contacts the surface of the rock chips to be tested. The integrated control unit (4) sets a rock chip contact surface pressure threshold. When the real-time rock chip contact surface pressure is greater than or equal to the rock chip contact surface pressure threshold, the detection surface of the B acoustic sensor contacts the upper surface of the rock chips. The integrated control unit (4) controls the thickness measurement module (12) to transmit acoustic signals to the A acoustic sensor and the B acoustic sensor. The acoustic signals propagate between the A acoustic sensor, the rock cutting to be measured and the B acoustic sensor. The thickness measurement module (12) collects the acoustic feedback signal after propagation in real time and sends it to the integrated control unit (4). The integrated control unit (4) records the received signal and sends it to the thickness calculation module (16). The thickness calculation module (16) calculates the thickness of the rock cutting to be measured based on the received data.

9. The automatic positioning and sampling method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings according to claim 8, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the thickness of the rock cuttings to be measured is as follows: In the formula, The thickness of the rock fragments to be measured. Let be the speed at which sound waves propagate through the rock debris being tested. The total propagation time of the sound wave from the upper surface of sensor A, through the upper surface of the rock cuttings, to the detection surface of sensor B. This represents the deviation between the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave and the theoretical round-trip time.

10. The automatic positioning and sampling method for measuring transverse and longitudinal waves of rock cuttings according to claim 9, characterized in that, The deviation between the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave and the theoretical round-trip time is calculated using the following steps: In the initial state where there are no rock fragments between sound wave sensor A and sound wave sensor B, and the medium between them is a standard medium, the mechanical distance between the two end faces of sound wave sensor A and sound wave sensor B is... Beforehand, under the same temperature and medium conditions, measure the theoretical sound wave velocities emitted by acoustic wave sensors A and B. Theoretical speed of sound Follow the formula for sound wave propagation ,in, For wavelength, The sensor frequency; based on the mechanical distance. and theoretical sound wave speed Calculate the theoretical round-trip time of sound waves The calculation formula is: In the initial state where there are no rock fragments between acoustic sensor A and acoustic sensor B, the thickness measurement module (12) emits an acoustic signal. The acoustic signal propagates between acoustic sensor A and acoustic sensor B. The thickness measurement module (12) collects the propagated acoustic feedback signal and transmits the collected data to the integrated control unit (4). The integrated control unit (4) receives the data and records the round-trip time of the acoustic wave in real time to obtain the data. For the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave And the theoretical round-trip time of sound waves calculated in advance based on theoretical values. To make a comparison, the actual measured round-trip time of the sound wave was used. Round trip time of theoretical sound waves The deviation between them is used as a correction amount. .

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