Dendrobium candidum tea preparation equipment and production process thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of Dendrobium candidum tea preparation, in particular to a Dendrobium candidum tea preparation equipment and production process, which comprises a base, a conical crushing bin is formed in the inside of the base, a crushing cone is arranged in the inside of the conical crushing bin, a sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing cone, an inner rod is movably inserted into the inside of the sleeve rod, an equipment bin is formed in the bottom of the base, an arcuate frame is fixedly connected in the inside of the equipment bin, a hollow wheel one and a hollow wheel two are rotatably connected to one end of the arcuate frame respectively, and a plurality of adjusting sliding grooves are formed in the outer periphery of the hollow wheel one and the hollow wheel two. The present application can simultaneously increase the rotating speed and reduce the gap for the annual old stems, and can simultaneously reduce the rotating speed and increase the gap for the annual tender stems, so as to avoid the exudation of mucilage and the adhesion of fine powder, thereby effectively improving the adaptability of the equipment to the Dendrobium candidum stems of different growth periods and ensuring the uniformity of the crushing granularity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Dendrobium officinale tea preparation technology, specifically to a Dendrobium officinale tea preparation equipment and its production process. Background Technology

[0002] The quality of Dendrobium officinale tea depends on the uniformity of particle size and the retention rate of active ingredients. However, its unique material characteristics pose significant challenges to processing: stem segments at different growth stages vary greatly; 5-year-old stems are highly fibrous and hard, requiring strong shearing force to break; 3-year-old tender stems are soft but rich in mucilage, and over-processing can easily lead to mucilage seepage, causing the fine powder to clump together. Furthermore, active ingredients such as Dendrobium polysaccharides are temperature-sensitive; frictional heat generated during the pulverization process exceeding 40°C can lead to component loss, further increasing the processing difficulty.

[0003] Existing Dendrobium officinale pulverizing equipment uses an independent adjustment mode for rotation speed and pulverizing gap, which is difficult to adapt to the aforementioned complex requirements. For 5-year-old stems, if only the rotation speed is increased without reducing the gap, the material stays in the pulverizing chamber for too short a time, resulting in incomplete pulverization and an excessive rate of coarse particles remaining. If only the gap is reduced without increasing the rotation speed, the shearing frequency is insufficient, and the old stems are prone to elasticity due to compression, leading to a decrease in pulverizing efficiency. For 3-year-old young stems, if only the gap is reduced without decreasing the rotation speed, the frictional heat generated by excessive compression can cause the local temperature to rise above 40°C, softening and exuding mucilage and causing fine powder to clump together. If only the rotation speed is reduced without increasing the gap, continuous compression will still damage the cell structure, causing mucilage to overflow. The resulting clumps require additional screening, reducing production efficiency.

[0004] Current solutions to the above problems fail to overcome the inherent limitations of independently adjusting rotation speed and grinding gap, and cannot achieve a balance between the strong shearing requirements of old stems and the gentle processing needs of tender stems through parameter coordination. Therefore, developing a device that can achieve linked adjustment of rotation speed and grinding gap to adapt to the differentiated material characteristics of Dendrobium officinale is crucial for improving the quality and production efficiency of Dendrobium officinale tea. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and process for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A preferred device for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea includes a base, a conical grinding chamber inside the base, a grinding cone inside the conical grinding chamber, a sleeve rod fixedly connected to the bottom of the grinding cone, an inner rod movably inserted inside the sleeve rod, an equipment compartment at the bottom of the base, an arched frame fixedly connected inside the equipment compartment, a hollow wheel one and a hollow wheel two rotatably connected to one end of the arched frame, multiple adjusting grooves on the outer circumference of each of the hollow wheels one and two, the multiple adjusting grooves being evenly arranged in a circle, an adjusting slider slidably connected inside the adjusting groove, one end of the adjusting slider extending to the outside of the adjusting groove and fixedly connected to an adjusting wheel, a synchronous belt one meshing with the adjusting wheel being sleeved on the outer circumference of the hollow wheels one and two, and a transmission connecting rod slidably connected to one end of the arched frame;

[0008] The equipment compartment is equipped with an adjustment component, which is used to adjust the gap between the crushing cone and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber, as well as the rotational speed of the crushing cone, so as to achieve the effect that when the rotational speed of the crushing cone increases, the gap between the crushing cone and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber decreases, and when the rotational speed of the crushing cone decreases, the gap between the crushing cone and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber increases.

[0009] Preferably, the adjusting assembly includes a transmission slide rod fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting wheel. One end of the transmission slide rod passes through hollow wheel one or hollow wheel two and extends into the interior of hollow wheel one or hollow wheel two. A spring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission slide rod. The spring is installed between the transmission slide rod and hollow wheel one or hollow wheel two. An adjusting ball is ball-hinged to the end of the transmission slide rod away from the adjusting wheel. A conical adjusting platform is provided inside both hollow wheel one and hollow wheel two. The inclined surface of the conical adjusting platform rolls against the adjusting ball.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustment assembly further includes a transmission mechanism for driving the conical adjustment platform to move axially along the hollow wheel. The transmission mechanism includes a pair of lifting slide rods symmetrically slidably connected to one end of the arched frame. The tops of the two lifting slide rods pass through the arched frame and are fixedly connected to an L-shaped lifting plate. The top of the conical adjustment platform is fixedly connected to the top of the L-shaped lifting plate. Lifting racks are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the two L-shaped lifting plates. The inside of the equipment compartment is rotatably connected to a lifting gear that meshes synchronously with the two lifting racks.

[0011] Preferably, the transmission mechanism further includes a transmission gear fixedly connected to one end of the lifting gear, one end of the transmission connecting rod passes through the arched frame and is fixedly connected to a transmission rack, the transmission rack meshes with the transmission gear, a second lifting slide rod is fixedly connected inside the equipment compartment, a ball bearing platform is slidably connected to one end of the second lifting slide rod, the ball bearing platform is rotatably sleeved on the outer circumference of the sleeve rod, a lifting screw is rotatably connected inside the equipment compartment, and the lifting screw is threadedly connected to the ball bearing platform.

[0012] Preferably, the adjustment assembly further includes guide sliders symmetrically fixedly connected inside the sleeve rod, guide grooves adapted to the guide sliders are symmetrically opened on the outer periphery of the inner rod, a worm gear is fixedly connected to the shaft end of the hollow wheel two, a worm is rotatably connected to the top of the arched frame, the worm meshes with the worm gear, a rotary motor is fixedly connected to the top of the arched frame, and the output end of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to the worm.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the base is provided with a preliminary crushing channel communicating with the conical crushing chamber. A comb-type blade is rotatably connected inside the base. The comb-type blade is installed inside the preliminary crushing channel. A comb-type crushing blade assembly is symmetrically fixedly connected inside the preliminary crushing channel. The comb-type blade and the comb-type crushing blade assembly are arranged alternately. A crushing motor is fixedly connected to the outside of the base. The output end of the crushing motor is fixedly connected to the comb-type blade.

[0014] Preferably, a torque sensor is fixedly connected to one end of the base, and the detection end of the torque sensor is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the shaft end of the comb-type blade. A feed pipe is fixedly connected inside the equipment chamber, and the input end of the feed pipe is connected to the bottom of the conical crushing chamber. The bottom of the conical crushing chamber is configured as a feed slope facing the input end of the feed pipe. A laser particle size sensor is installed inside the feed pipe. A controller is fixedly connected to the outside of the base, and the controller is electrically connected to the torque sensor and the laser particle size sensor.

[0015] Preferably, a pair of multi-port gas distribution rings are fitted on the top of the base. The output ends of both multi-port gas distribution rings pass through the base and extend into the interior of the primary crushing channel. The output ends of both multi-port gas distribution rings are inclined downwards along the axial direction of the primary crushing channel. A double-headed diverter pipe is fixedly connected to the input end of the two multi-port gas distribution rings. A liquid nitrogen storage tank is fixedly connected to the input end of the double-headed diverter pipe. The two multi-port gas distribution rings are respectively installed above and below the comb-type cutter. An electromagnetic flow valve is provided at the input end of each multi-port gas distribution ring. Temperature sensors are provided inside both the primary crushing channel and the conical crushing chamber. The controller is electrically connected to the electromagnetic flow valve and the temperature sensor.

[0016] Preferably, a cyclone separator is fixedly connected to the output end of the feed pipe, an air pump is fixedly connected to the exhaust end of the cyclone separator through a pipe, a hopper is fixedly connected to the top of the base, the bottom of the hopper is connected to the primary crushing channel, a spiral heat exchange tube is sleeved on the outer periphery of the hopper, the output end of the air pump is fixedly connected to the spiral heat exchange tube through a pipe, and the output end of the spiral heat exchange tube is connected to an external waste gas treatment system through a pipe.

[0017] This invention also provides a process for producing Dendrobium officinale tea using the above-mentioned Dendrobium officinale tea preparation equipment, the process steps of which are as follows:

[0018] S1. Raw material pretreatment and preliminary crushing:

[0019] Fresh or dried Dendrobium officinale stem segments are fed into the hopper. The material enters the primary crushing channel through the bottom of the hopper. At the same time, the crushing motor is started, driving the comb-type blades to shear the fixed comb-type crushing blade group in an alternating manner, crushing the stem segments into small pieces of material. During the process, the torque sensor detects the torque at the end of the comb-type blade shaft in real time and transmits the signal to the controller, providing a basis for subsequent crushing parameter adjustment.

[0020] S2. Low-temperature environment control and pulverization preparation:

[0021] The controller predicts the material characteristics based on the torque signal and simultaneously activates the temperature sensor to monitor the temperature in the primary crushing channel and the conical crushing chamber. When the temperature approaches 40℃, which is the sensitive threshold of Dendrobium polysaccharide, the controller opens the electromagnetic flow valve. Liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank enters the multi-port air distribution ring through the double-headed diversion pipe and is sprayed axially along the primary crushing channel to cool the material. At the same time, the air pump is activated to introduce the low-temperature exhaust gas of the cyclone separator into the spiral heat exchange tube around the hopper to pre-cool the incoming material and recover the cold energy.

[0022] S3, Fine grinding:

[0023] After initial crushing, the material enters the conical crushing chamber. The rotary motor is started, and the hollow wheel 2 is driven to rotate through the worm and worm wheel. The hollow wheel 1 is driven to rotate synchronously through the synchronous belt 1. Finally, through the cooperation of the inner rod and the sleeve rod, the crushing cone rotates and crushes the material in the conical crushing chamber.

[0024] S4. Parameter Adjustment:

[0025] When processing old stems, the controller starts the lifting motor, which drives the crushing cone to rise through the lifting screw, reducing the gap between the crushing cone and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber. At the same time, the controller drives the conical adjustment table to move through the transmission linkage and the lifting gear, changing the meshing radius of the synchronous belt and increasing the speed of the crushing cone.

[0026] When processing young stems, the controller is adjusted in the opposite direction, causing the crushing cone to descend, increasing the gap, and reducing the rotation speed to decrease the exudation of mucilage.

[0027] S5. Particle size detection and secondary adjustment:

[0028] The crushed material is discharged through the feeding pipe. The laser particle size sensor detects the particle size distribution in real time. If the proportion of coarse particles or the degree of fine powder adhesion exceeds the threshold, the controller readjusts the parameters of the lifting motor and the rotating motor until the material particle size is uniform and there is no adhesion.

[0029] S6. Material separation and subsequent processing:

[0030] Qualified materials enter the cyclone separator through the feeding pipe to achieve solid-gas separation. The separated Dendrobium officinale powder is collected, dried, and screened. The low-temperature exhaust gas generated during separation is sent to an external waste gas treatment system for purification and discharge after the cold energy is recovered through the spiral heat exchange tube. The dried material is packaged according to specifications to obtain the finished Dendrobium officinale tea.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0032] 1. This invention establishes a linkage mechanism between the rotation speed of the crushing cone and the gap between the crushing surfaces of the conical crushing chamber by adjusting the components. For mature stems, the rotation speed can be increased and the gap reduced simultaneously to achieve thorough crushing through strong shearing force. For young stems, the rotation speed can be reduced and the gap increased simultaneously to prevent the seepage of mucilage and the adhesion of fine powder. This effectively improves the adaptability of the equipment to Dendrobium officinale stem segments with different growth stages and ensures the uniformity of the crushed particle size.

[0033] 2. This invention uses a torque sensor to monitor the material hardness in the initial crushing stage in real time, and combines the crushing effect feedback from a laser particle size sensor. The controller automatically adjusts the process parameters to achieve intelligent production. At the same time, the low-temperature system composed of a multi-port gas distribution ring and a liquid nitrogen storage tank can control the temperature of the crushing process below 40°C, avoiding the loss of active ingredients such as Dendrobium polysaccharides due to high temperature. Meanwhile, the spiral heat exchange tube recovers the cold energy of the low-temperature exhaust gas, further reducing energy consumption and taking into account both environmental protection and high-efficiency production.

[0034] 3. The present invention uses a comb-type blade and a comb-type crushing blade group to intercut large stem segments in advance, reducing the subsequent crushing load. The structural design of the conical crushing chamber and the crushing cone, combined with the synchronous belt and transmission ratio adjustment, greatly improves the crushing efficiency and effectively enhances the quality stability of Dendrobium officinale tea. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a vertical top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Sectional view at point A in the middle;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a horizontal top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Sectional view at point B;

[0041] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the internal structure of the sleeve rod in this invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between hollow wheel one and hollow wheel two in this invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the internal structure of the adjusting groove in this invention;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the conical adjustment platform in this invention;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the arched frame in this invention;

[0047] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0048] Figure 13 This is an exploded view of the internal structure of the preliminary crushing channel in this invention;

[0049] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the multi-port air distribution ring in this invention;

[0050] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Base; 2. Conical crushing chamber; 3. Crushing cone; 4. Sleeve rod; 5. Inner rod; 6. Hollow wheel one; 7. Hollow wheel two; 8. Adjusting slide; 9. Adjusting slider; 10. Adjusting wheel; 11. Synchronous belt one; 12. Transmission slide rod; 13. Spring; 14. Adjusting ball; 15. Conical adjusting platform; 16. Arched frame; 17. Lifting slide rod one; 18. L-shaped lifting plate; 19. Lifting rack; 20. Lifting gear; 21. Transmission gear; 22. Transmission rack; 23. Lifting slide rod two; 24. Ball bearing platform; 25. Lifting screw; 26. Synchronous wheel one; 27. Same 28. Stepping wheel 2; 29. ​​Synchronous belt 2; 30. Lifting motor; 31. Guide slider; 32. Guide chute; 33. Worm gear; 34. Worm; 35. Rotary motor; 36. Primary crushing channel; 37. Comb-type cutter; 38. Comb-type crushing blade assembly; 39. Crushing motor; 40. Torque sensor; 41. Feed pipe; 42. Laser particle size sensor; 43. Controller; 44. Multi-port air distribution ring; 45. Double-headed diverter pipe; 46. Liquid nitrogen storage tank; 47. Electromagnetic flow valve; 48. Temperature sensor; 49. Cyclone separator; 50. Air pump; 51. Spiral heat exchange tube; 52. Transmission connecting rod; 53. Hopper. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] A device for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea and its production process are disclosed. The core processing step is the preparation of Dendrobium officinale tea, which requires a series of process steps such as crushing, pulverizing, and low-temperature control. The device is a special equipment for processing Chinese medicinal materials, specifically used for pulverizing Dendrobium officinale stem segments to prepare Dendrobium officinale tea. It integrates functions such as linkage adjustment of pulverizing parameters, intelligent detection of material characteristics, and low-temperature energy recovery. The process is a standardized procedure for the efficient preparation of Dendrobium officinale tea based on this device.

[0053] A device for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea, such as Figures 1-9As shown, the device includes a base 1, a conical crushing chamber 2 inside the base 1, a crushing cone 3 inside the conical crushing chamber 2, a sleeve rod 4 fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing cone 3, an inner rod 5 movably inserted inside the sleeve rod 4, an equipment compartment at the bottom of the base 1, an arched frame 16 fixedly connected inside the equipment compartment, a hollow wheel 6 and a hollow wheel 7 rotatably connected to one end of the arched frame 16, multiple adjusting grooves 8 are opened on the outer periphery of the hollow wheel 6 and the hollow wheel 7, the multiple adjusting grooves 8 are arranged in a circular and uniform manner, an adjusting slider 9 is slidably connected inside the adjusting groove 8, one end of the adjusting slider 9 extends to the outside of the adjusting groove 8 and is fixedly connected to an adjusting wheel 10, a synchronous belt 11 that meshes with the adjusting wheel 10 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the hollow wheel 6 and the hollow wheel 7, and a transmission connecting rod 51 is slidably connected to one end of the arched frame 16;

[0054] The equipment compartment is equipped with an adjustment component, which is used to adjust the gap between the crushing cone 3 and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber 2, as well as the rotational speed of the crushing cone 3, so as to achieve the effect that when the rotational speed of the crushing cone 3 increases, the gap between the crushing cone 3 and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber 2 decreases, and when the rotational speed of the crushing cone 3 decreases, the gap between the crushing cone 3 and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber 2 increases.

[0055] During use, when the Dendrobium officinale material to be processed enters the conical crushing chamber 2, the adjusting component can drive the crushing cone 3 to rotate within the conical crushing chamber 2, thereby crushing the material. When it is necessary to adjust the crushing parameters according to the material characteristics:

[0056] First, if it is necessary to process the old stems of Dendrobium officinale with high hardness and strong shearing force, the adjusting component will drive the adjusting slider 9 to slide in the adjusting groove 8, so that the position of the adjusting wheel 10 changes, thereby changing the meshing state of the timing belt 11 and the adjusting wheel 10. Through the transmission cooperation of the hollow wheel 6 and the hollow wheel 7, the rotation speed of the crushing cone 3 is increased. At the same time, the adjusting component will drive the sleeve rod 4 and the crushing cone 3 to move as a whole, reducing the gap between the crushing cone 3 and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber 2, so as to enhance the shearing effect and ensure that hard materials can be fully crushed.

[0057] Then, if it is necessary to process the tender stems of Dendrobium officinale that are soft and prone to sticking due to excessive squeezing, the adjustment component will operate in reverse. That is, the adjustment slider 9 drives the adjustment wheel 10 to reset, and the transmission state of the synchronous belt 11 changes, causing the rotation speed of the crushing cone 3 to decrease. At the same time, the sleeve rod 4 drives the crushing cone 3 to move away from the conical crushing chamber 2, increasing the gap between the two, avoiding the seepage of viscous substances or clumping of materials due to excessive squeezing, and ensuring the quality of the crushed materials.

[0058] In this way, the adjustment component always maintains the linkage adjustment between the rotation speed of the crushing cone 3 and the gap of the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber 2, ensuring that the equipment can adapt to Dendrobium officinale materials with different characteristics and achieve efficient and high-quality crushing treatment.

[0059] like Figures 3-13 As shown, the adjustment assembly includes a transmission slide rod 12 fixedly connected to one end of the adjustment wheel 10. One end of the transmission slide rod 12 passes through the hollow wheel 6 or the hollow wheel 7 and extends into the interior of the hollow wheel 6 or the hollow wheel 7. A spring 13 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission slide rod 12. The spring 13 is installed between the transmission slide rod 12 and the hollow wheel 6 or the hollow wheel 7. An adjustment ball 14 is ball-hinged to the end of the transmission slide rod 12 away from the adjustment wheel 10. A conical adjustment platform 15 is provided inside both the hollow wheel 6 and the hollow wheel 7. The inclined surface of the conical adjustment platform 15 rolls against the adjustment ball 14.

[0060] The adjustment assembly also includes a transmission mechanism for driving the conical adjustment platform 15 to move axially along the hollow wheel 6. The transmission mechanism includes a pair of lifting slide rods 17 symmetrically slidably connected to one end of the arch frame 16. The tops of the two lifting slide rods 17 pass through the arch frame 16 and are fixedly connected to an L-shaped lifting plate 18. The tops of the conical adjustment platform 15 are fixedly connected to the L-shaped lifting plate 18. Lifting racks 19 are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the two L-shaped lifting plates 18. The inside of the equipment compartment is rotatably connected to a lifting gear 20 that meshes synchronously with the two lifting racks 19.

[0061] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism also includes a transmission gear 21 fixedly connected to one end of the lifting gear 20, one end of the transmission connecting rod 51 passing through the arched frame 16 and fixedly connected to a transmission rack 22, the transmission rack 22 meshing with the transmission gear 21, a second lifting slide rod 23 fixedly connected inside the equipment compartment, a ball bearing base 24 slidably connected to one end of the second lifting slide rod 23, the ball bearing base 24 rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the sleeve rod 4, a lifting screw 25 rotatably connected inside the equipment compartment, the lifting screw 25 threadedly connected to the ball bearing base 24;

[0062] The equipment compartment is equipped with a lifting assembly for driving the lifting screw 25 to rotate, such as... Figure 11 The lifting assembly includes a first synchronous wheel 26 fixedly connected to the top of the lifting screw 25, a second synchronous wheel 27 rotatably connected inside the equipment compartment, a second synchronous belt 28 sleeved on the outer periphery of the first synchronous wheel 26 and the second synchronous wheel 27, a lifting motor 29 fixedly connected inside the equipment compartment, and the output end of the lifting motor 29 fixedly connected to the second synchronous wheel 27. The lifting assembly is existing technology. When in use, the lifting motor 29 is started. Under the drive of the lifting assembly, the ball bearing platform 24 can be driven to move the crushing cone 3 along the axial direction of the sleeve rod 4.

[0063] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly also includes guide sliders 30 symmetrically fixedly connected inside the sleeve rod 4, guide grooves 31 adapted to guide sliders 30 are symmetrically opened on the outer periphery of the inner rod 5, worm gears 32 are fixedly connected to the shaft end of the hollow wheel 7, worm 33 is rotatably connected to the top of the arch frame 16, worm 33 meshes with worm gears 32, and rotary motor 34 is fixedly connected to the top of the arch frame 16, with the output end of rotary motor 34 fixedly connected to worm 33.

[0064] Furthermore, the top of the base 1 is provided with a preliminary crushing channel 35 that communicates with the conical crushing chamber 2. A comb-type blade 36 is rotatably connected inside the base 1. The comb-type blade 36 is installed inside the preliminary crushing channel 35. A comb-type crushing blade assembly 37 is symmetrically fixedly connected inside the preliminary crushing channel 35. The comb-type blade 36 and the comb-type crushing blade assembly 37 are arranged alternately. A crushing motor 38 is fixedly connected to the outside of the base 1. The output end of the crushing motor 38 is fixedly connected to the comb-type blade 36.

[0065] Furthermore, a torque sensor 39 is fixedly connected to one end of the base 1. The detection end of the torque sensor 39 is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the shaft end of the comb-type blade 36. A feed pipe 40 is fixedly connected inside the equipment chamber. The input end of the feed pipe 40 is connected to the bottom of the conical crushing chamber 2. The bottom of the conical crushing chamber 2 is set as a feed slope facing the input end of the feed pipe 40. A laser particle size sensor 41 is installed inside the feed pipe 40. A controller 42 is fixedly connected to the outside of the base 1. The controller 42 is electrically connected to the torque sensor 39 and the laser particle size sensor 41.

[0066] In operation, the Dendrobium officinale stem segments to be processed are first introduced into the equipment through the preliminary crushing channel 35. Simultaneously, the crushing motor 38 is started, and its output end drives the comb-type blades 36 to rotate. The comb-type blades 36 and the fixed comb-type crushing blade group 37 interlaced to shear the stem segments, initially crushing them and breaking down large stem segments into smaller pieces suitable for entering the conical crushing chamber 2. During this process, the torque sensor 39 detects the torque at the shaft end of the comb-type blades 36 in real time: when processing 5-year-old stems with high hardness and fibrousness, the torque value increases. After receiving the signal, the controller 42 instructs the adjustment component to increase the speed of the crushing cone 3 and reduce the gap to enhance the shearing force; when processing 3-year-old tender stems with softness and abundant mucilage, the torque value is smaller, and the controller 42 instructs to reduce the speed and increase the gap to avoid excessive compression that would cause mucilage to seep out.

[0067] Then, the material after initial crushing enters the conical crushing chamber 2 for further crushing. After crushing, it is discharged through the feed pipe 40. The laser particle size sensor 41 detects the particle size distribution of the material in the feed pipe 40 in real time. If the particle size does not meet the preset standard, such as the proportion of coarse particles is too high or fine powder is stuck together, the controller 42 adjusts the adjustment component parameters again until the particle size of the material is uniform and meets the standard.

[0068] Next, as the material enters the conical crushing chamber 2 for further crushing, the rotary motor 34 is started, and its output end drives the worm 33 to rotate. The worm 33 meshes with the worm wheel 32 at the shaft end of the hollow wheel 7, thereby driving the hollow wheel 7 to rotate. Since the hollow wheel 6 and the hollow wheel 7 are fitted with a synchronous belt 11, and the synchronous belt 11 meshes with the adjusting wheel 10, the rotation of the hollow wheel 7 will drive the hollow wheel 6 to rotate synchronously through the synchronous belt 11. When the hollow wheel 7 rotates, it cooperates with the guide slider 30 and guide groove 31 of the inner rod 5 and the sleeve rod 4 to drive the sleeve rod 4 to drive the crushing cone 3 to rotate in the conical crushing chamber 2, thus completing the crushing action.

[0069] Then, when the controller 42 controls the adjustment component to adjust the gap between the crushing cone 3 and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber 2 and the rotation speed of the crushing cone 3 according to the monitoring parameters provided by the torque sensor 39 and the laser particle size sensor 41, the lifting motor 29 is started. Its output end drives the synchronous wheel 26 to rotate through the synchronous wheel 27 and the synchronous belt 28, thereby causing the lifting screw 25 to rotate. The lifting screw 25 is threadedly engaged with the ball bearing platform 24, and the ball bearing platform 24 slides along the lifting slide bar 23, driving the sleeve 4 and the crushing cone 3 to rise and fall axially, initially adjusting the gap between the crushing cone 3 and the conical crushing chamber 2.

[0070] Simultaneously, as the ball bearing platform 24 moves, it pushes the transmission connecting rod 51 to slide. The transmission rack 22 at one end of the transmission connecting rod 51 meshes with the transmission gear 21, driving the lifting gear 20 to rotate. The lifting gear 20 meshes with the lifting racks 19 on both sides, causing the two L-shaped lifting plates 18 to rise and fall axially along the lifting slide bar 17. This, in turn, drives the conical adjusting platform 15 to move axially inside the hollow wheel 6 and the hollow wheel 7. The inclined surface of the conical adjusting platform 15 pushes the adjusting balls 14, causing the transmission slide bar 12 to move axially along the adjusting slide bar 17. The sliding of groove 8 drives the adjusting wheel 10 to move radially, changing the meshing radius between the synchronous belt 11 and the adjusting wheel 10, thereby adjusting the transmission ratio between the hollow wheel 6 and the hollow wheel 7, and realizing the adjustment of the speed of the crushing cone 3. That is, when the speed of the crushing cone 3 increases, the gap between it and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber 2 decreases synchronously to adapt to the strong shearing requirements of 5-year-old stems. When the speed decreases, the gap increases synchronously to avoid the seepage of mucilage due to excessive compression of 3-year-old stems, ensuring that the crushing effect matches the characteristics of the material.

[0071] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 , Figure 14As shown, a pair of multi-port air distribution rings 43 are fitted on the top of the base 1. The output ends of the two multi-port air distribution rings 43 pass through the base 1 and extend into the interior of the primary crushing channel 35. The output ends of the two multi-port air distribution rings 43 are inclined downward along the axial direction of the primary crushing channel 35. The input ends of the two multi-port air distribution rings 43 are fixedly connected to a double-headed diverter pipe 44. The input ends of the double-headed diverter pipe 44 are fixedly connected to a liquid nitrogen storage tank 45. The two multi-port air distribution rings 43 are respectively installed above and below the comb-type cutter 36. The input ends of the multi-port air distribution rings 43 are each equipped with an electromagnetic flow valve 46. Temperature sensors 47 are installed inside the primary crushing channel 35 and the conical crushing chamber 2. The controller 42 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic flow valve 46 and the temperature sensor 47.

[0072] The output end of the feed pipe 40 is fixedly connected to a cyclone separator 48, the exhaust end of the cyclone separator 48 is fixedly connected to an air pump 49 through a pipe, the top of the base 1 is fixedly connected to a hopper 52, the bottom of the hopper 52 is connected to the primary crushing channel 35, a spiral heat exchange tube 50 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the hopper 52, the output end of the air pump 49 is fixedly connected to the spiral heat exchange tube 50 through a pipe, and the output end of the spiral heat exchange tube 50 is connected to an external waste gas treatment system through a pipe.

[0073] When in use, firstly, the temperature sensor 47 is set to monitor the temperature in the preliminary crushing channel 35 and the conical crushing chamber 2 in real time. When the temperature is detected to be close to 40℃, which is the sensitive threshold of active ingredients such as Dendrobium polysaccharide, the controller 42 automatically opens the electromagnetic flow valve 46, and the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 45 enters the two multi-port gas distribution rings 43 through the double-headed diversion pipe 44.

[0074] Meanwhile, the output end of the multi-port air distribution ring 43 sprays air downwards along the axial direction of the primary crushing channel 35. The upper multi-port air distribution ring 43 enters the contact area between the comb-type blade 36 and the material and cools the material. The lower multi-port air distribution ring 43 directly enters the conical crushing chamber 2 and contacts the material to cool it down, so as to achieve dual-zone temperature control and adapt to materials with different crushing processes.

[0075] At the same time, the air pump 49 starts, sending the low-temperature exhaust gas after the material is separated by the cyclone separator 48 into the spiral heat exchange tube 50 on the outer periphery of the hopper 52. The exhaust gas exchanges heat with the material to be processed that passes through the hopper 52 and enters the primary crushing channel 35, recovering cold energy to pre-cool the material, which reduces liquid nitrogen consumption and avoids structural damage caused by excessive temperature difference when the material enters the crushing channel.

[0076] A process for producing Dendrobium officinale tea using the aforementioned equipment for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea, comprising the following steps:

[0077] S1. Raw material pretreatment and preliminary crushing:

[0078] Fresh or dried Dendrobium officinale stem segments are fed into hopper 52. The material enters the primary crushing channel 35 through the bottom of hopper 52. At the same time, the crushing motor 38 is started, driving the comb-type blades 36 to shear with the fixed comb-type crushing blade group 37 in an alternating manner, crushing the stem segments into small pieces of material. During the process, the torque sensor 39 detects the torque at the shaft end of the comb-type blades 36 in real time and transmits the signal to the controller 42, providing a basis for subsequent adjustment of crushing parameters.

[0079] S2. Low-temperature environment control and pulverization preparation:

[0080] The controller 42 predicts the material characteristics based on the torque signal and simultaneously starts the temperature sensor 47 to monitor the temperature in the primary crushing channel 35 and the conical crushing chamber 2. When the temperature approaches 40℃, which is the sensitive threshold of Dendrobium polysaccharide, the controller 42 opens the electromagnetic flow valve 46. The liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 45 enters the multi-port air distribution ring 43 through the double-headed diversion pipe 44 and is sprayed axially along the primary crushing channel 35 to cool the material. At the same time, the air pump 49 is started to introduce the low-temperature tail gas of the cyclone separator 48 into the spiral heat exchange tube 50 on the outer periphery of the hopper 52 to pre-cool the incoming material and recover the cold energy.

[0081] S3, Fine grinding:

[0082] After initial crushing, the material enters the conical crushing chamber 2. The rotary motor 34 is started, and the hollow wheel 7 is driven to rotate through the worm 33 and worm wheel 32. The hollow wheel 6 is driven to rotate synchronously through the synchronous belt 11. Finally, through the cooperation of the inner rod 5 and the sleeve rod 4, the crushing cone 3 is rotated and crushed in the conical crushing chamber 2.

[0083] S4. Parameter Adjustment:

[0084] When processing 5-year-old stems, the controller 42 starts the lifting motor 29, which drives the crushing cone 3 to rise through the lifting screw 25, reducing the gap between the crushing cone 3 and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber 2. At the same time, the transmission connecting rod 51 cooperates with the lifting gear 20 to drive the conical adjusting table 15 to move, changing the meshing radius of the synchronous belt 11 and increasing the speed of the crushing cone 3.

[0085] When processing 3-year-old tender stems, the controller 42 is adjusted in the opposite direction, causing the crushing cone 3 to descend, increasing the gap, and reducing the rotation speed to reduce the exudation of mucilage.

[0086] S5. Particle size detection and secondary adjustment:

[0087] The crushed material is discharged through the feed pipe 40. The laser particle size sensor 41 detects the particle size distribution in real time. If the proportion of coarse particles or the degree of fine powder adhesion exceeds the threshold, the controller 42 adjusts the parameters of the lifting motor 29 and the rotating motor 34 again until the material particle size is uniform and there is no adhesion.

[0088] S6. Material separation and subsequent processing:

[0089] Qualified materials enter the cyclone separator 48 through the feed pipe 40 to achieve solid-gas separation. The separated Dendrobium officinale pulverized material is collected, dried, and sieved. The low-temperature exhaust gas generated during separation is sent to the external waste gas treatment system for purification and discharge after the cold energy is recovered through the spiral heat exchange tube 50. The dried material is packaged according to specifications to obtain the finished Dendrobium officinale tea.

[0090] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea, characterized in that: The device includes a base, inside which is a conical crushing chamber containing a crushing cone. A sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crushing cone, and an inner rod is movably inserted inside the sleeve rod. An equipment compartment is located at the bottom of the base, and an arched frame is fixedly connected inside the equipment compartment. Hollow wheels one and two are rotatably connected to one end of the arched frame. Multiple adjusting grooves are provided on the outer periphery of hollow wheels one and two. Adjusting sliders are slidably connected inside the adjusting grooves. One end of the adjusting slider extends to the outside of the adjusting groove and is fixedly connected to an adjusting wheel. A synchronous belt one that meshes with the adjusting wheel is fitted on the outer periphery of hollow wheels one and two. A transmission connecting rod is slidably connected to one end of the arched frame. The equipment compartment is equipped with an adjustment component, which is used to adjust the gap between the crushing cone and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber, as well as the rotational speed of the crushing cone; The adjustment assembly includes a transmission slide rod fixedly connected to one end of the adjustment wheel. The transmission slide rod includes a first transmission slide rod and a second transmission slide rod. One end of the first transmission slide rod passes through the first hollow wheel and extends into the interior of the first hollow wheel. One end of the second transmission slide rod passes through the second hollow wheel and extends into the interior of the second hollow wheel. A first spring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first transmission slide rod, and a second spring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second transmission slide rod. The first spring is installed between the first transmission slide rod and the first hollow wheel, and the second spring is installed between the second transmission slide rod and the second hollow wheel. An adjusting ball is ball-jointed at the end of the transmission slide rod away from the adjustment wheel. A conical adjustment platform is provided inside both the first and second hollow wheels. The inclined surface of the conical adjustment platform rolls against the adjusting ball. The adjustment assembly also includes a transmission mechanism for driving the conical adjustment platform to move along the hollow wheel axis. The transmission mechanism includes a pair of lifting slide rods symmetrically slidably connected to one end of the arched frame. The tops of the two lifting slide rods pass through the arched frame and are fixedly connected to an L-shaped lifting plate. The conical adjustment platform is fixedly connected to the top of the L-shaped lifting plate. Lifting racks are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the two L-shaped lifting plates. The inside of the equipment compartment is rotatably connected to a lifting gear that meshes synchronously with the two lifting racks. The adjusting component drives the adjusting slider to slide in the adjusting groove, changing the position of the adjusting wheel and altering the meshing state between the timing belt one and the adjusting wheel. Through the transmission cooperation between the hollow wheel one and the hollow wheel two, the rotation speed of the crushing cone is increased. At the same time, the adjusting component will drive the sleeve rod and the entire crushing cone to move, reducing the gap between the crushing cone and the crushing surface of the cone crushing chamber. The adjusting slider drives the adjusting wheel to reset, and the change in the transmission state of the synchronous belt reduces the speed of the crushing cone. At the same time, the sleeve rod drives the crushing cone to move away from the conical crushing chamber, increasing the gap between the two.

2. The equipment for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism also includes a transmission gear fixedly connected to one end of the lifting gear, one end of the transmission connecting rod passing through the arched frame and fixedly connected to a transmission rack, the transmission rack meshing with the transmission gear, a second lifting slide rod fixedly connected inside the equipment compartment, a ball bearing platform slidably connected to one end of the second lifting slide rod, the ball bearing platform rotatably sleeved on the outer circumference of the sleeve rod, a lifting screw rotatably connected inside the equipment compartment, and the lifting screw threadedly connected to the ball bearing platform.

3. The equipment for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly also includes guide sliders symmetrically fixedly connected inside the sleeve rod. The outer periphery of the inner rod is symmetrically provided with guide grooves adapted to the guide sliders. A worm gear is fixedly connected to the shaft end of the hollow wheel two. A worm is rotatably connected to the top of the arched frame. The worm meshes with the worm gear. A rotary motor is fixedly connected to the top of the arched frame. The output end of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to the worm.

4. The equipment for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the base has a primary crushing channel that communicates with the conical crushing chamber. A comb-type blade is rotatably connected inside the base. The comb-type blade is installed inside the primary crushing channel. A comb-type crushing blade assembly is symmetrically fixed inside the primary crushing channel. The comb-type blade and the comb-type crushing blade assembly are arranged alternately. A crushing motor is fixedly connected to the outside of the base. The output end of the crushing motor is fixedly connected to the comb-type blade.

5. The equipment for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea according to claim 3, characterized in that: A torque sensor is fixedly connected to one end of the base. The detection end of the torque sensor is fixedly sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft end of the comb-type blade. A feed pipe is fixedly connected inside the equipment chamber. The input end of the feed pipe is connected to the bottom of the conical crushing chamber. The bottom of the conical crushing chamber is set as a feed slope facing the input end of the feed pipe. A laser particle size sensor is installed inside the feed pipe. A controller is fixedly connected to the outside of the base. The controller is electrically connected to the torque sensor and the laser particle size sensor.

6. The equipment for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea according to claim 5, characterized in that: A pair of multi-port air distribution rings are fitted on the top of the base. The output ends of both multi-port air distribution rings pass through the base and extend into the interior of the primary crushing channel. The output ends of both multi-port air distribution rings are inclined downwards along the axial direction of the primary crushing channel. The input ends of the two multi-port air distribution rings are fixedly connected to a double-headed diverter pipe. The input ends of the double-headed diverter pipe are fixedly connected to a liquid nitrogen storage tank. The two multi-port air distribution rings are installed above and below the comb-type cutter, respectively. The input ends of the multi-port air distribution rings are equipped with electromagnetic flow valves. Temperature sensors are installed inside the primary crushing channel and the conical crushing chamber. The controller is electrically connected to the electromagnetic flow valves and temperature sensors.

7. The equipment for preparing Dendrobium officinale tea according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cyclone separator is fixedly connected to the output end of the feed pipe. An air pump is fixedly connected to the exhaust end of the cyclone separator through a pipe. A hopper is fixedly connected to the top of the base. The bottom of the hopper is connected to the primary crushing channel. A spiral heat exchange tube is fitted around the outer periphery of the hopper. The output end of the air pump is fixedly connected to the spiral heat exchange tube through a pipe. The output end of the spiral heat exchange tube is connected to an external waste gas treatment system through a pipe.

8. A process for producing Dendrobium officinale tea, used in the Dendrobium officinale tea preparation equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The process steps are as follows: S1. Raw material pretreatment and preliminary crushing: Fresh or dried Dendrobium officinale stem segments are fed into the hopper. The material enters the primary crushing channel through the bottom of the hopper. At the same time, the crushing motor is started, driving the comb-type blades to shear the fixed comb-type crushing blade group in an alternating manner, crushing the stem segments into small pieces of material. During the process, the torque sensor detects the torque at the end of the comb-type blade shaft in real time and transmits the signal to the controller, providing a basis for subsequent crushing parameter adjustment. S2. Low-temperature environment control and pulverization preparation: The controller predicts the material characteristics based on the torque signal and simultaneously activates the temperature sensor to monitor the temperature in the primary crushing channel and the conical crushing chamber. When the temperature approaches 40℃, which is the sensitive threshold of Dendrobium polysaccharide, the controller opens the electromagnetic flow valve. Liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank enters the multi-port air distribution ring through the double-headed diversion pipe and is sprayed axially along the primary crushing channel to cool the material. At the same time, the air pump is activated to introduce the low-temperature exhaust gas of the cyclone separator into the spiral heat exchange tube around the hopper to pre-cool the incoming material and recover the cold energy. S3, Fine grinding: After initial crushing, the material enters the conical crushing chamber. The rotary motor is started, and the hollow wheel 2 is driven to rotate through the worm and worm wheel. The hollow wheel 1 is driven to rotate synchronously through the synchronous belt 1. Finally, through the cooperation of the inner rod and the sleeve rod, the crushing cone rotates and crushes the material in the conical crushing chamber. S4. Parameter Adjustment: When processing 5-year-old stems, the controller starts the lifting motor, which drives the crushing cone to rise through the lifting screw, reducing the gap between the crushing cone and the crushing surface of the conical crushing chamber. At the same time, the controller drives the conical adjustment table to move through the transmission linkage and the lifting gear, changing the meshing radius of the synchronous belt and increasing the speed of the crushing cone. When processing 3-year-old tender stems, the controller is adjusted in the opposite direction, causing the crushing cone to descend and increase the gap, and reducing the rotation speed to reduce the exudation of mucilage; S5. Particle size detection and secondary adjustment: The crushed material is discharged through the feeding pipe. The laser particle size sensor detects the particle size distribution in real time. If the proportion of coarse particles or the degree of fine powder adhesion exceeds the threshold, the controller readjusts the parameters of the lifting motor and the rotating motor until the material particle size is uniform and there is no adhesion. S6. Material separation and subsequent processing: Qualified materials enter the cyclone separator through the feeding pipe to achieve solid-gas separation. The separated Dendrobium officinale powder is collected, dried, and screened. The low-temperature exhaust gas generated during separation is sent to an external waste gas treatment system for purification and discharge after the cold energy is recovered through the spiral heat exchange tube. The dried material is packaged according to specifications to obtain the finished Dendrobium officinale tea.

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