Multi-unit underground powerhouse system

Abstract

The invention discloses a unit underground powerhouse system in the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, which comprises a river and a plurality of powerhouse units arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the river in a mountain body on any side of the river, and the extension lines of the longitudinal axes of the powerhouse units intersect with the flow direction of the river; each plant unit is provided with a water diversion structure and a tail water structure; the plant unit comprises a main cavern and an auxiliary cavern; the main cavern comprises a ball valve chamber, a main plant, an auxiliary plant, a main transformer chamber and a tail gate chamber; the auxiliary cavern comprises a traffic system, an air inlet system and an air exhaust system; the ground stress level of the underground cavern is further reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction progress is accelerated, and safety and stability of the underground cavern are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to a multi-unit underground powerhouse system. Background Technology

[0002] Existing power plant buildings mostly adopt a conventional linear layout. Specifically, in this linear layout, the installation room and auxiliary plant are located on the left and right sides of the main unit room, respectively. Figure 5 As shown.

[0003] The "one-line" layout has the following problems: 1. High ground stress has seriously restricted the layout of the hub and the construction of the project; 2. The cavern complex is numerous and spatially interwoven, and the plant area has a complex environment. Exploration revealed high ground stress, water seepage, and high ground temperature in the plant area. During the excavation of underground caverns, the stress range of the original rock was redistributed, the high sidewalls became unstable due to unloading, and the disturbance stress caused by excavation was significantly aggravated compared to conventional caverns. The stress state of the surrounding rock is close to or exceeds the ultimate strength of the rock mass, making it extremely susceptible to instability under external load disturbances, and the stability problem of the surrounding rock is prominent; 3. Construction organization and construction communication... The layout of the tunnel is difficult, and there is significant blasting interference between excavation units. This makes it impossible to fully utilize the efficiency of large-scale mechanical equipment such as multi-arm drills and wet spraying trolleys, resulting in low utilization or even idleness of large equipment, thereby increasing construction costs and severely restricting the construction progress. 4. The setting of multiple sets of hydro-turbine generator units places high demands on the plant's traffic, air quality, concentration of harmful gases, and moisture-proof drainage. It is impossible to make one tunnel serve multiple purposes, resulting in numerous auxiliary caverns with large cross-sections. These are arranged around the main cavern, which seriously weakens the integrity of the rock mass, causes insufficient rock mass stress, and leads to stress concentration, affecting the stability of the surrounding rock of the main cavern. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to reduce the burial depth, further reduce the ground stress level of the underground cavern, improve construction efficiency, accelerate the construction progress, and ensure the safety and stability of the underground cavern.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A multi-unit underground powerhouse system includes a river, and multiple powerhouse units spaced apart within the mountain on either side of the river along the river's flow direction. The extension of the longitudinal axis of each powerhouse unit intersects the river's flow direction. Each powerhouse unit is equipped with a water intake structure and a tailrace structure. The plant unit includes a main cavern and auxiliary caverns. The main cavern includes a ball valve chamber, a main plant, an auxiliary plant, a main transformer room, and a tailgate chamber. The auxiliary caverns include a traffic system, an air intake system, and an exhaust system.

[0006] Furthermore, both the air inlet of the air intake system and the air outlet of the air outlet system face the river.

[0007] Furthermore, the air intake system includes multiple air inlets, which are respectively located on the arches of the ball valve chamber, the main plant, the auxiliary plant, the main transformer room, and the tailgate chamber; the air outlet system includes multiple exhaust shafts and multiple exhaust tunnels respectively located in the ball valve chamber, the main plant, the auxiliary plant, the main transformer room, and the tailgate chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, the transportation system includes a main channel with multiple sub-channels, each of which is connected to the ball valve chamber, the main plant, the auxiliary plant, the main transformer room, and the tailgate chamber. One end of the main channel is located upstream of the river, and the other end is located downstream of the river.

[0009] Furthermore, the water diversion structure is located on the side of the main cavern closer to the upstream of the river, and the tailrace structure is located on the side of the main cavern closer to the downstream of the river.

[0010] Furthermore, the height of the water intake structure of the same main cavern is higher than the height of the tailrace structure.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a construction access system, which comprises an upper access system, a middle access system, and a lower access system.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper channel system includes the branch channels of the air intake system.

[0013] Furthermore, the mid-level channel system includes branching channels of the traffic system.

[0014] Furthermore, the lower channel system includes the bifurcation channels of the water intake structure and the tailrace structure.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Multiple plant units are spaced apart along the river's flow direction in a "goose-fly" arrangement, ensuring that the on-site ground stress meets the rock strength-stress ratio requirements. Each plant unit is independent and does not interfere with others, enhancing the "end effect" of the surrounding rock at both ends of each unit. This helps to redistribute the original rock stress range during excavation, reducing deformation of high sidewalls and ensuring the safety and stability of the underground caverns during excavation and operation. Excavation and blasting disturbances between each plant unit are minimal, maximizing the efficiency of large machinery such as multi-arm drills and wet spraying trolleys. Each plant unit can accommodate independent auxiliary caverns, where the ventilation and transportation systems can also serve as access routes to the upper and middle sections of the plant. This results in more working faces, a higher construction reliability rate, less construction interference, and faster construction progress. Each plant unit has its own independent transportation, ventilation, and exhaust systems. Each system has a short control length and limited cross-sectional dimensions, contributing to surrounding rock stability. Furthermore, the auxiliary caverns can all serve as access routes to the construction workfaces, making each cavern multi-purpose. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the factory building unit arrangement of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the factory building unit arrangement of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the factory building unit of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the main cavern and the auxiliary cavern of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of factory building units in the prior art; The diagram is labeled as follows: 1-River, 2-Plant unit, 201-Ball valve chamber, 202-Main plant, 203-Auxiliary plant, 204-Main transformer room, 205-Tail gate chamber, 206-Water intake structure, 207-Tailwater structure, 208-Transportation system, 209-Air intake system, 210-Exhaust system. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] like Figures 1-4As shown in the embodiment of this application, a multi-unit underground powerhouse system is proposed, including a river 1, and multiple powerhouse units 2 arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the river 1 within the mountain on either side of the river 1. The extension line of the longitudinal axis of the powerhouse unit 2 intersects the flow direction of the river 1. The powerhouse unit 2 is provided with a water diversion structure 206 and a tailrace structure 207. The powerhouse unit 2 includes a main cavern and auxiliary caverns. The main cavern includes a ball valve chamber 201, a main powerhouse 202, an auxiliary powerhouse 203, a main transformer room 204, and a tailgate chamber 205. The auxiliary caverns include a traffic system 208, an air intake system 209, and an exhaust system 210.

[0019] First, it should be stated that the multiple plant units 2, spaced apart along the flow direction of the river 1, are arranged in a "goose-fly" pattern. This ensures that the on-site ground stress meets the requirements of the rock strength-stress ratio, and that each plant unit is independent and does not interfere with the others. The "end effect" of the surrounding rock at both ends of each plant unit 2 is enhanced, which helps to improve the redistribution of the original rock stress range during excavation, reduce the deformation of high sidewalls, and ensure the safety and stability of the underground cavern during the excavation and operation periods. The impact of excavation and blasting disturbance between each plant unit 2 is relatively small, making full use of multi-arm drilling, wet spraying rigs, etc. The efficiency of large-scale machinery and equipment; each plant unit 2 can be equipped with independent auxiliary caverns, among which the air intake system 209 and traffic system 208 can also serve as construction passages in the upper and middle parts of the plant, resulting in more working faces, higher construction guarantee rate, less construction interference, and faster construction progress; each plant unit 2 has its own traffic system 208, air intake system 209 and exhaust system 210, each system has a small control length and limited cross-sectional size, which is conducive to the stability of the surrounding rock. At the same time, the auxiliary caverns can all be used as construction working face passages, making one cavern multi-purpose and combining permanent and temporary functions.

[0020] The "goose-formation" arrangement refers to the arrangement of the main caverns in the mountain on the left bank of the river, following the formation of geese in flight. This arrangement satisfies the requirement that the longitudinal axis of the main cavern intersects the main structural surface at a large angle and the main geostress direction at a small angle, ensuring the excavation and formation of the underground powerhouse. Specifically, in this embodiment, there are 3 powerhouse units 2, each equipped with 10 hydro-generator units. Each unit is approximately 460m long and is arranged sequentially on the mountain on the left bank of the river with a longitudinal axis angle of N75°E.

[0021] The “goose-shaped” layout of the plant area includes main caverns and auxiliary caverns. The main caverns are divided into three units, arranged sequentially in the mountain on the left bank of river 1. The main caverns include ball valve chamber 201, main and auxiliary plant buildings 203, main transformer room 204, and tailgate chamber 205. The distance between each main cavern unit is about 280m. The auxiliary caverns include transportation system 208, air intake system 209, and exhaust system 210, etc. The air intake end of the air intake system 209 and the air outlet end of the exhaust system both face the river 1. The air intake system 209 includes multiple air inlets, which are respectively located on the arches of the ball valve chamber 201, the main plant 202, the auxiliary plant 203, the main transformer room 204, and the tailgate chamber 205. The air outlet system includes multiple exhaust shafts and multiple exhaust tunnels respectively located on the arches of the ball valve chamber 201, the main plant 202, the auxiliary plant 203, the main transformer room 204, and the tailgate chamber 205. Specifically, each plant unit 2 is equipped with two air intake sources. Fresh air enters from the arch of the plant roof, and the air intake tunnel also serves as a construction passage excavated above the plant unit 2. The "dirty air" and smoke from the plant unit 2 are discharged to the outside through the exhaust shafts and exhaust tunnels. After filtration and disinfection, the smoke is discharged outside the plant. Each plant unit 2 is connected to two exhaust systems 210.

[0022] The traffic system 208 includes a main channel with multiple branch channels, each branch channel corresponding to and connected to the ball valve chamber 201, the main plant 202, the auxiliary plant 203, the main transformer room 204, and the tailgate chamber 205. One end of the main channel is located upstream of the river 1, and the other end is located downstream of the river 1. Specifically, the traffic system 208 enters each plant unit 2 from the installation room at the end of the plant, with one traffic exit on both the upstream and downstream sides. Access to and from the plant unit 2 is achieved through the main channel, while access to and from the ball valve chamber 201, the main plant 202, the auxiliary plant 203, the main transformer room 204, and the tailgate chamber 205 is achieved through the various branch channels, improving convenience.

[0023] The water intake structure 206 is located on the side of the main cavern closer to the upstream of the river 1, and the tailrace structure 207 is located on the side of the main cavern closer to the downstream of the river 1. The height of the water intake structure 206 within the same main cavern is greater than the height of the tailrace structure 207. This arrangement of the water intake and tailrace systems ensures that the water intake and drainage directions of the plant unit 2 conform to the direction of the river 1, improving stability and efficiency.

[0024] It also includes a construction access system, which comprises an upper access system, a middle access system, and a lower access system. The upper access system includes branch channels of the air intake system 209. The middle access system includes branch channels of the traffic system 208. The lower access system includes branch channels of the water intake structure 206 and the tailrace structure 207.

[0025] Specifically, in this embodiment, after adopting a "flying goose" layout, the three plant units 2 are arranged in a flying goose formation within the mountain on the left bank of the river 1. The construction of the main plant 202 adopts a top-down, layer-by-layer excavation approach, with a total of three layers of construction access channels. The upper-layer construction access channels are formed by the branching of the air intake tunnel, with two upper-layer construction access channels arranged for each plant unit 2 to accelerate the excavation and support of the crown arch; the middle-layer construction access channels mainly utilize the access tunnel, and each unit also adds an auxiliary construction channel through the branching of the access tunnel to ensure that each plant unit 2 has two middle-layer construction access channels; the lower-layer construction access channels mainly utilize the water diversion system and the tailrace system. The construction access channels of the three plant units are relatively independent and do not affect each other, resulting in minimal construction interference, fast construction progress, and the ability to basically achieve simultaneous excavation of the three plant units.

[0026] In summary, this invention proposes a multi-unit underground powerhouse system. Multiple powerhouse units 2 are arranged in a "goose-fly" configuration along the flow direction of the river 1, ensuring that the on-site in-situ stress meets the rock strength-stress ratio requirements. Furthermore, each powerhouse is independent and does not interfere with the others. The "end-end effect" of the surrounding rock at both ends of each powerhouse unit 2 is enhanced, which helps to improve the redistribution of the original rock stress range during excavation, reduce deformation of high sidewalls, and ensure the safety and stability of the underground cavern during excavation and operation. The impact of excavation and blasting disturbance between each powerhouse unit 2 is minimal, fully utilizing the advantages of multiple units. The efficiency of large mechanical equipment such as boom drills and wet spraying trolleys is improved; each plant unit 2 can be equipped with independent auxiliary caverns, among which the air intake system 209 and traffic system 208 can also serve as construction passages in the upper and middle parts of the plant, resulting in more working faces, a higher construction guarantee rate, less construction interference, and faster construction progress; each plant unit 2 has its own traffic system 208, air intake system 209, and exhaust system 210. Each system has a small control length and limited cross-sectional dimensions, which is conducive to the stability of the surrounding rock. At the same time, the auxiliary caverns can all be used as construction working face passages, making one cavern multi-purpose.

Claims

1. A multi-unit underground powerhouse system, characterized in that, The system includes a river (1), and multiple factory units (2) arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the river (1) within the mountain on either side of the river (1). The extension of the longitudinal axis of the factory unit (2) intersects the flow direction of the river (1). The factory unit (2) is equipped with a water diversion structure (206) and a tailrace structure (207). The plant unit (2) includes a main cavern and an auxiliary cavern. The main cavern includes a ball valve chamber (201), a main plant (202), an auxiliary plant (203), a main transformer room (204), and a tailgate chamber (205). The auxiliary cavern includes a traffic system (208), an air intake system (209), and an exhaust system (210).

2. The multi-unit underground powerhouse system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet end of the air inlet system (209) and the air outlet end of the air outlet system both face the river (1).

3. The multi-unit underground powerhouse system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air intake system (209) includes multiple air inlets, which are respectively located on the arches of the ball valve chamber (201), the main plant (202), the auxiliary plant (203), the main transformer room (204), and the tail gate chamber (205); the air outlet system includes multiple exhaust shafts and multiple exhaust tunnels respectively located in the ball valve chamber (201), the main plant (202), the auxiliary plant (203), the main transformer room (204), and the tail gate chamber (205).

4. The multi-unit underground powerhouse system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traffic system (208) includes a main channel, which has multiple sub-channels, each of which is connected to the ball valve chamber (201), the main plant (202), the auxiliary plant (203), the main transformer room (204), and the tailgate chamber (205). One end of the main channel is located upstream of the river (1), and the other end is located downstream of the river (1).

5. The multi-unit underground powerhouse system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water diversion structure (206) is located on the side of the main cavern near the upstream of the river (1), and the tailwater structure (207) is located on the side of the main cavern near the downstream of the river (1).

6. The multi-unit underground powerhouse system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The height of the water intake structure (206) of the same main cavern is higher than the height of the tailwater structure (207).

7. The multi-unit underground powerhouse system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a construction access system, which comprises an upper access system, a middle access system, and a lower access system.

8. The multi-unit underground powerhouse system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper channel system includes the branch channels of the air intake system (209).

9. The multi-unit underground powerhouse system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mid-level channel system includes branch channels of the traffic system (208).

10. The multi-unit underground powerhouse system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lower channel system includes the branch channels of the water intake structure (206) and the tailrace structure (207).

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