Four-in-one full-band directional antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a four-in-one full-band directional antenna, which comprises a reflecting plate, a plurality of FPC antenna units are uniformly arranged on the reflecting plate, each FPC antenna unit has the same structure, each FPC antenna unit comprises a support structure, a microstrip feeder is arranged on the support structure close to the area connected with the edge of the reflecting plate, and the microstrip feeder is connected with the FPC antenna unit. And a radiation patch assembly is arranged on one side, back to the reflecting plate, of the supporting structure. The antenna aims at solving the problems that an existing full-band micro base station antenna is uneven in band performance, serious in unit mutual coupling, drifting in beam pointing, low in efficiency and the like, high-performance and high-consistency stable directional radiation in a full band can be achieved, and high-quality 5G MIMO communication is supported.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of radio frequency and wireless communication, and particularly relates to a four-in-one full-band directional antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, people's demand for high-speed, stable and widely covered wireless networks is increasing. As a new generation of wireless network standard, 5G NR can provide greater bandwidth and bring users a better network experience, and has been widely used in many fields.

[0003] With the deep coverage of 5G NR networks in high-density scenarios such as markets, factories and classrooms, micro base stations have put forward unprecedented high performance requirements for their core components, antennas. The existing four-in-one micro base station directional antenna that claims to support 617MHz to 5850MHz full-band has inherent defects in its structural design and has failed to meet the actual deployment requirements. These defects mainly include: wide-band performance imbalance, resulting in insufficient low-frequency band gain and forming a coverage blind area; serious time coupling of multi-element integration, poor port isolation, and restricting the MIMO system capacity; beam pointing drift with frequency, resulting in unstable coverage area; and complex structure for pursuing wide frequency coverage, introducing large loss and reducing antenna efficiency and performance consistency. Therefore, an innovative antenna design scheme is urgently needed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a four-in-one full-band directional antenna, which aims to solve the problems of uneven frequency band performance, serious element coupling, beam pointing drift and low efficiency of existing full-band micro base station antennas.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: A four-in-one full-band directional antenna, the antenna comprises: a reflector plate, a plurality of FPC antenna units are uniformly arranged on the reflector plate, each FPC antenna unit has the same structure and comprises: a support structure, a microstrip feed line is arranged on the support structure near the area connected to the edge of the reflector plate, and a radiation patch assembly is arranged on the side of the support structure away from the reflector plate.

[0006] Optionally, the plurality of FPC antenna units are arranged circumferentially and uniformly with the geometric center of the reflector plate as the center.

[0007] Optionally, the FPC antenna unit is provided as four.

[0008] Optionally, the support structure comprises a support structure main body and a support piece, wherein the support piece is arranged near the center of the reflector plate, and the support structure main body is cross-connected between the support piece and the edge of the reflector plate.

[0009] Optionally, the support structure body comprises: a first support plate, a second support plate and a third support plate arranged in steps, wherein the first end of the first support plate is connected to the reflecting plate, and the second end is connected to the first end of the second support plate; the second end of the second support plate and the first end of the third support plate arranged in parallel with the reflecting plate are connected, and the second end of the third support plate is connected to the support member.

[0010] Optionally, the radiation patch assembly comprises at least: a first radiation patch, a second radiation patch, a third radiation patch and a fourth radiation patch, the first radiation patch is arranged on the first support plate, the second radiation patch and the third radiation patch are arranged on the second support plate, and the fourth radiation patch is arranged on the third support plate; the first radiation patch, the second radiation patch, the third radiation patch and the fourth radiation patch form a three-dimensional stepped radiation array.

[0011] Optionally, the antenna further comprises: a plurality of reflecting plate connectors arranged at the edge of the reflecting plate and corresponding to the FPC antenna unit, the plurality of reflecting plate connectors are connected to the first support plate while being connected to the reflecting plate.

[0012] Optionally, the reflecting plate adopts a regular circle.

[0013] Optionally, an insulating medium layer is further arranged on the reflecting plate.

[0014] Optionally, the preparation material of the support member comprises but is not limited to: plastic, ceramic and metal after surface insulating treatment.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application can bring the following technical effects: By adopting four FPC antenna units arranged circumferentially and uniformly on the reflecting plate, combined with the collaborative design of the stepped support structure and the multi-radiation patch assembly, the present application can realize efficient and stable radiation in the full frequency band of 617MHz to 5850MHz, effectively solving the problems of performance imbalance of existing antennas in wide frequency band, serious unit mutual coupling, beam pointing drift and low efficiency, etc. At the same time, by optimizing the impedance matching and spatial layout, the antenna gain, front-to-back ratio and port isolation are improved, supporting the 4x4 MIMO system, enhancing the channel capacity and link stability, so as to provide a uniform coverage, consistent performance and reliable directional wireless communication capability for the 5G NR micro base station. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a front view of a four-in-one full-band directional antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2is a top view of a four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an FPC antenna and a plastic support according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a return loss test curve diagram of ANT1 (antenna 1) according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a return loss test curve diagram of ANT2 (antenna 2) according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a return loss test curve diagram of ANT3 (antenna 3) according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is a return loss test curve diagram of ANT4 (antenna 4) according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0017] The following is a description of the reference signs: 1, reflector plate; 2, FPC antenna unit; 3, microstrip feed line; 4, support; 5, first support plate; 6, second support plate; 7, third support plate; 8, first radiating patch; 9, second radiating patch; 10, third radiating patch; 11, fourth radiating patch; 12, reflector plate connecting member; 13, connecting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings. Although the specific embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0019] It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the specification and claims which refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, the terms used can be substituted with other terms that are understood by one skilled in the art. The specification and claims are not to be limited by terminology used but are to be given the full scope of the invention as set forth in the claims. The subsequent description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is provided for the purpose of illustration and is not intended to limit the present application in any way. The description is provided as an example of the principles of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The scope of the present application is to be defined by the appended claims.

[0020] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following will provide further explanation and description with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front view of a four-in-one full-band directional antenna provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a top view of a four-in-one full-band directional antenna provided in one embodiment of this application; this application now incorporates... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The structure of the four-in-one full-band directional antenna is described. The antenna includes: a reflector 1, on which multiple FPC antenna elements 2 are uniformly arranged. Each FPC antenna element 2 has the same structure and includes a support structure. A microstrip feed line 3 is arranged on the support structure near the area where it connects with the edge of the reflector 1. A radiating patch assembly is arranged on the side of the support structure facing away from the reflector 1.

[0022] In this embodiment, the radio frequency signal is transmitted through the microstrip feed line 3 to the radiating patch assembly on the FPC antenna unit 2, exciting a high-frequency alternating current distribution on the surface of the radiating patch assembly, thereby generating an electromagnetic field between the radiating patch and the reflector 1, and radiating electromagnetic waves into free space. The radiating patch assembly adopts a precisely designed topology, enabling it to resonate in multiple target sub-bands within the range of 617MHz to 5850MHz, thus achieving wideband full coverage.

[0023] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the reflector 1 can reflect the rearward-propagating electromagnetic waves and superimpose them with the forward-propagating electromagnetic waves in space. By precisely controlling the distance between the reflector and the FPC radiating patch assembly (approximately 1 / 4 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating band), this application can make the forward waves superimposed into enhanced in-phase superposition, while the rearward waves superimposed into weakened anti-phase destructive superposition, thereby forming a directional unidirectional beam. This improves the forward gain of the antenna while effectively suppressing the rearward radiation lobe.

[0024] In another exemplary embodiment, the plurality of FPC antenna elements 2 are arranged circumferentially around the geometric center of the reflector 1.

[0025] In this embodiment, multiple FPC antenna elements are uniformly arranged circumferentially around the geometric center of the reflector, forming a symmetrical arrangement. Each FPC antenna element acts as an independent radiator, connected to an independent radio frequency channel. These multiple FPC antenna elements are excited by an internally integrated, optimized feed network, enabling them to form stable directional beams within an ultra-wide frequency band of 617MHz to 5850MHz. Importantly, the multiple directional beams formed by the multiple FPC antenna elements are not simply superimposed on the horizontal plane, but rather constitute a spatially complementary and cooperative coverage network, collectively achieving seamless 360° omnidirectional horizontal coverage and effectively eliminating coverage blind spots.

[0026] Building upon this foundation, the antenna unit fully leverages the advantages of spatial diversity technology. Multiple physically isolated independent channels perfectly meet the requirements of a 4x4 MIMO system, not only increasing the channel capacity of the wireless communication system and enabling high-speed parallel data transmission, but also significantly enhancing link stability and anti-interference capabilities through multipath signal processing. This ultimately contributes to a comprehensive improvement in system reliability and user experience.

[0027] In another exemplary embodiment, the FPC antenna element is configured to be four.

[0028] In this embodiment, four FPC antenna elements are used, which is the optimal solution determined after comprehensive consideration to achieve the "four-in-one" full-band directional radiation performance in this application. The specific explanation is as follows: First, the essence of a "four-in-one" antenna lies in integrating four independent antenna elements to support 4x4 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology or beamforming. The mode of using a single support structure to carry multiple FPC antenna elements is the most direct way to achieve this function and the best solution that can ensure complete structural symmetry.

[0029] Secondly, in terms of radiation coverage performance, the four FPC antenna elements are evenly distributed circumferentially on the reflector (e.g., at 90° intervals), which can create an optimal and highly symmetrical radiation pattern on the horizontal plane. This symmetrical radiation pattern can ensure that the signal quality of all areas within a 360° range is uniform and consistent, effectively avoiding weak or blind spots caused by uneven coverage, thereby providing users with a stable and reliable service experience.

[0030] Secondly, in this embodiment, when arranging the antennas within the limited physical space of the reflector, it has been verified that arranging four FPC antenna elements is the best balance between ensuring high isolation between each antenna element (suppressing harmful electromagnetic coupling), maintaining each antenna element with a sufficient effective radiating aperture to ensure radiation efficiency, and controlling the overall structure and cost complexity.

[0031] Furthermore, it should be noted that if the number of FPC antenna elements is less than four (e.g., two or three), it will be unable to provide four complete independent radio frequency channels, resulting in the inability to support 4x4 MIMO. This will directly limit the network's maximum data throughput and multi-user concurrent connection capability. Simultaneously, the symmetry of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane will be disrupted, easily creating weak coverage areas or blind spots, thus affecting the user experience.

[0032] Conversely, if the number of FPC antenna elements exceeds four (e.g., five or six), the denser arrangement of elements, constrained by the reflector size, exacerbates electromagnetic coupling between them, leading to deterioration in port isolation performance and consequently compromising the channel independence upon which the MIMO system relies. Furthermore, an excessive number of FPC antenna elements necessitates a more complex feed network design, which not only increases insertion loss and reduces antenna efficiency but also significantly increases design complexity and manufacturing costs.

[0033] In summary, for the mainstream application scenarios of 5G micro base stations, setting the FPC antenna element to four represents the optimal balance between performance and cost. The marginal performance improvement gained by blindly increasing the number of antenna elements is usually insufficient to offset the negative impacts on structural complexity, manufacturing costs, and system losses. Therefore, determining the number of FPC antenna elements to be four in this application is the optimal technical decision to achieve the design objectives.

[0034] In another exemplary embodiment, the support structure includes a support structure body and a support member 4, wherein the support member 4 is disposed near the center of the reflector 1, and the support structure body is disposed across the edge of the support member 4 and the reflector 1.

[0035] In this embodiment, the support member 4 and the reflector 1 form a stable three-dimensional support frame through the supporting structure spanning between them. The unique non-coplanar, asymmetrical design of this support frame brings technical benefits primarily in two aspects: mechanical and electrical performance. Mechanically, the support frame forms a highly rigid whole, enabling precise spatial positioning and stable support of the FPC antenna element in three-dimensional space, effectively resisting deformation and vibration. Electrically, the support frame cleverly tilts and elevates the radiating patch assembly, constructing a radiating platform at a specific spatial angle relative to the reflector. This asymmetrical layout optimizes the electromagnetic coupling between the radiating patch assembly and the reflector in different regions, helps extend the antenna's operating bandwidth, and provides a crucial structural foundation for forming a directional radiation pattern with stable pointing and good beam convergence within the 617MHz to 5850MHz ultra-wideband, thereby synergistically improving the antenna's gain, front-to-back ratio, and overall performance consistency across the entire frequency band.

[0036] In another exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the main body of the support structure includes a first support plate 5, a second support plate 6 and a third support plate 7 arranged in a stepped manner. The first end of the first support plate 5 is connected to the reflector plate 1, the second end of the first support plate 5 is connected to the first end of the second support plate 6, the second end of the second support plate 6 is connected to the first end of the third support plate 7 which is arranged parallel to the reflector plate 1, and the second end of the third support plate 7 is connected to the support member 4.

[0037] In this embodiment, the main support structure adopts a stepped spatial configuration consisting of a first support plate 5, a second support plate 6, and a third support plate 7, forming a non-coplanar topology that rises step by step from the edge of the reflector 1 to the support member 4. This structure connects the edge of the reflector 1 via the first support plate 5, transitions through the second support plate 6, and finally connects to the support member 4 near the center of the reflector 1 via the third support plate 7, which is parallel to the reflector 1, thus constructing a rigid platform with a specific spatial height and tilt angle distribution. This structure achieves a staggered distribution of multiple radiating patches in three-dimensional space through a multi-level stepped layout, enabling precise control of the relative position and coupling distance between each radiating patch and the reflector. This structure expands the effective radiation area of ​​the antenna through the stepped height difference, optimizes the electromagnetic field distribution in the low-frequency and high-frequency bands, and improves impedance matching and operating bandwidth. Simultaneously, with the help of spatial phase control, it effectively suppresses beam tilt and frequency drift, ensuring stable directional radiation characteristics across the entire frequency band and enhancing inter-unit isolation, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency and MIMO performance of the antenna.

[0038] In another exemplary embodiment, reference continues to be made to... Figure 3 The radiating patch assembly includes at least a first radiating patch 8, a second radiating patch 9, a third radiating patch 10, and a fourth radiating patch 11. The first radiating patch 8 is disposed on a first support plate 5, the second radiating patch 9 and the third radiating patch 10 are disposed on a second support plate 6, and the fourth radiating patch 11 is disposed on a third support plate 7. The first radiating patch 8, the second radiating patch 9, the third radiating patch 10, and the fourth radiating patch 11 form a three-dimensional stepped radiating array.

[0039] In this embodiment, the radiating patch assembly works collaboratively through a defined topology to achieve an ultra-wideband coverage of 617MHz to 5850MHz. The first radiating patch 8 adopts a rounded rectangular structure; its optimized length and width dimensions are used to excite the main resonance in the low-frequency band of 617MHz to 960MHz. Simultaneously, the rounded corner design effectively suppresses edge current accumulation, thereby improving impedance matching and enhancing low-frequency radiation efficiency. The second radiating patch 9 adopts an F-shaped structure; its asymmetrical three-arm layout forms multiple current paths of different lengths, thereby exciting multiple tightly coupled resonant modes in the 1710MHz to 2170MHz frequency band, ensuring the frequency... The third radiating patch 10 adopts a classic rectangular structure, accurately covering the mid-to-high frequency band from 2300MHz to 3300MHz. It is arranged in a coplanar orthogonal polarization with the second radiating patch 9 on the second support plate 6. Combined with specific spacing control, it maximizes port isolation. The fourth radiating patch 11 adopts a large-size rectangular structure with slots. Its basic rectangular outline is responsible for the basic coverage of the frequency band above 3300MHz, while the specific slots etched on the surface significantly expand the high-frequency bandwidth by disturbing the surface current distribution and introducing additional resonant points. Finally, in conjunction with the aforementioned patches, it achieves complete high-frequency coverage up to 5850MHz.

[0040] Furthermore, it should be noted that the four radiating patches are distributed on a three-tiered stepped support structure, forming a "three-dimensional multi-resonant antenna system." Vertically, the operating frequency bands of the patches increase sequentially from the first to the third support plate. This layout cleverly utilizes the height difference to create a natural electromagnetic isolation barrier, suppressing harmful mutual coupling between different frequency band units. Horizontally, the second and third patches, located on the same second support plate, further enhance their isolation through a dual structure of "complementary shape" and "orthogonal polarization." This system, through the specialized division of labor among the patches—the rounded rectangular first patch optimizing low-frequency efficiency, the F-shaped second patch expanding the intermediate frequency bandwidth, the rectangular third patch ensuring mid-to-high frequency bands, and the slotted fourth patch utilizing slot coupling technology to guarantee high-frequency performance—works collaboratively above the reflector, forming a composite radiating aperture. This structure ultimately achieves seamless wideband coverage, high isolation between the four MIMO channels, and balanced and consistent radiation performance across the entire frequency band from 617MHz to 5850MHz, thus effectively overcoming the core technical challenges of uneven antenna performance and beam pointing drift across the entire frequency band.

[0041] In another exemplary embodiment, the antenna further includes a plurality of reflector connectors 12 disposed at the edge of the reflector 1 and corresponding to the FPC antenna element 2, wherein the plurality of reflector connectors 12 are connected to the first support plate 5 while being connected to the reflector 1.

[0042] In this embodiment, the reflector connector 12 is fixed to the edge of the reflector 1 through the connection hole 13. While being fixed to the reflector 1 itself, the reflector connector 12 is also connected to the first support plate 5 of the corresponding FPC antenna unit. This specific "reflector-connector-first support plate" dual connection architecture is the core design of this application to achieve synergistic optimization of electrical performance and mechanical reliability.

[0043] Specifically, from the perspective of radio frequency signal transmission, this connection method establishes a well-defined and stable reference ground (reflector) for the microstrip feeder, forming a low-impedance grounding loop. More importantly, by connecting the reflector connector to the first support plate 5, the position and number of grounding points can be precisely controlled, thereby providing key design freedom for flexibly tuning the input impedance of the FPC antenna element and optimizing full-band matching, thus effectively improving the signal energy transmission efficiency.

[0044] Furthermore, from a mechanical reliability perspective, this design addresses the potential risks arising from differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between different materials (such as metal reflectors and plastic / dielectric support structures). The reflector connector acts as a stress management and buffer interface, ensuring consistency in the installation positions (such as height and tilt) of all antenna elements through high-precision machining, thus guaranteeing uniform and stable radiation performance. It also absorbs and releases structural stress caused by temperature changes or external vibrations and impacts, preventing direct transmission of structural stress to the FPC antenna elements and support structure. This effectively avoids circuit deformation, performance degradation, or mechanical damage caused by stress, thereby improving the long-term reliability and performance consistency of the antenna in complex real-world environments.

[0045] In another exemplary embodiment, the reflector 1 is a regular circle.

[0046] In this embodiment, the reflector adopts a regular circular design, which, compared to other geometric shapes (such as rectangles or polygons), offers superior electrical performance and structural synergy. The circular design provides perfect circumferential symmetry, ensuring a highly consistent electromagnetic environment for the four circumferentially distributed FPC antenna elements. This guarantees good symmetry and beam consistency in the radiation pattern of each antenna element in the horizontal plane, achieving 360° omnidirectional coverage. This effectively avoids beam distortion or coverage blind spots caused by asymmetry at the reflector edges. Furthermore, the absence of sharp corners in the circular structure reduces edge diffraction effects and lowers back and sidelobe radiation, contributing to improved front-to-back ratio and gain stability. In addition, the circular reflector mechanically facilitates the equidistant arrangement of antenna elements and symmetrical wiring of the feed network, optimizing impedance matching and suppressing inter-element coupling, thus maintaining high isolation and good MIMO performance over a wide bandwidth.

[0047] In another exemplary embodiment, an insulating dielectric layer is also provided on the reflector 1.

[0048] In this embodiment, the insulating dielectric layer can be, for example, epoxy resin and fiberglass cloth. By setting the insulating dielectric layer, a constant physical distance and electrical insulation can be ensured between the FPC radiating patch and the metal reflector, thereby creating a controllable electromagnetic coupling space between them. The stable dielectric constant and low loss characteristics of this space ensure that radio frequency signal energy can be efficiently transferred to free space, rather than being absorbed or short-circuited. This fundamentally eliminates the possibility of a short circuit between the circuit and the reflector. Therefore, this insulating dielectric layer is one of the key structural elements for achieving high performance, high reliability, and long lifespan operation of the antenna.

[0049] In another exemplary embodiment, the materials used to manufacture the support include, but are not limited to, plastics, ceramics, and metals with surface insulation treatment.

[0050] In this embodiment, plastics (such as PC, ABS, etc.) are preferred materials because they have advantages such as low cost, easy processing (can be molded in one step), light weight, and good insulation. In radio frequency applications, their dielectric constant and loss tangent usually meet the requirements and do not adversely affect the near-field radiation of the antenna, making them an economical and practical preferred solution.

[0051] Figures 4 to 7 The test curves of return loss (i.e., S11 parameter) of the four independent antenna elements (ANT1 to ANT4) in the four-in-one full-band directional antenna provided in this application are shown respectively in the ultra-wideband 617MHz to 5850MHz range. Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the return loss of all antenna elements is consistently better than the critical reference of -10dB across the entire target frequency band. This data provides direct and crucial evidence that the antenna achieves effective impedance matching. This excellent and consistent impedance characteristic fundamentally ensures efficient signal energy transmission and significantly reduces energy reflection loss caused by mismatch, thus providing support for overcoming the inherent problems of "wideband performance imbalance" and "low efficiency" in existing technologies. Figures 4 to 7 This application demonstrates that, through the coordinated operation of a radiator with a specific topology and an optimized feeder network, a high level of energy radiation efficiency can be achieved over a wide range covering the main low-frequency and mid-to-high-frequency bands of 5G NR.

[0052] Furthermore, this application conducted radiation efficiency and gain tests on four independent antenna elements in the frequency band from 617MHz to 5850MHz, and the test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively: Table 1 Antenna Radiation Efficiency

[0053] Table 2 Antenna Gain Table

[0054] Table 1 details the measured radiation efficiency data of the four antenna elements at 15 discrete frequency points from 617MHz to 5850MHz. This data demonstrates that the four-in-one full-band directional antenna provided in this application can achieve effective energy radiation throughout the entire ultra-wideband. Specifically, in the low-frequency band (e.g., 617MHz), due to the longer electromagnetic wavelength and relatively limited antenna physical size, the efficiency is within a reasonable range of 35.9% to 42.7%. As the frequency increases, the antenna electrical size increases, and the radiation efficiency significantly improves. In most of the mid-to-high frequency bands from 1.94GHz to 5.85GHz, the radiation efficiency of the four elements is generally stable at a high level of over 60% to 80%, especially at the 3.3GHz and 4.2GHz frequencies, where the efficiency of multiple elements exceeds 80%. This directly proves that the four-in-one directional antenna provided in this application can overcome the common impedance matching and dielectric loss problems of broadband antennas, laying a solid foundation for achieving high-efficiency signal radiation.

[0055] Table 2 systematically displays the maximum gain (in dBi) of the four antenna elements at 15 frequency points corresponding to Table 1. The data in Table 2 clearly reveals the pattern of antenna directional radiation capability with frequency: in the low-frequency band (e.g., 617MHz), the gain is negative or slightly above 0 dBi, which is consistent with the theoretical expectation that electrically small antennas have limited gain at low frequencies, but still ensures basic coverage; starting from 0.787GHz, the gain quickly turns positive and shows a steady upward trend with increasing frequency. In the mid-to-high frequency band from 2.3GHz to 5.85GHz, the gain generally reaches a high level of 4 dBi to 6.4 dBi. This strongly verifies that the four-in-one directional antenna provided in this application, through its unique structure (such as reflector, stepped support, and patch layout), can form a well-directed and energy-concentrated beam across the entire frequency band, especially in the mid-to-high frequency band that is crucial for 5G capacity, effectively improving signal coverage distance and anti-interference capability.

[0056] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of this application, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this application and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A four-in-one full-band directional antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes: Reflector Multiple FPC antenna elements are uniformly arranged on the reflector, and each FPC antenna element has the same structure, including: A support structure is provided, wherein a microstrip feed line is provided on the area of ​​the support structure near its connection with the edge of the reflector, and a radiating patch assembly is provided on the side of the support structure facing away from the reflector.

2. The four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of FPC antenna elements are arranged circumferentially around the geometric center of the reflector.

3. The four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The FPC antenna element is configured to consist of four units.

4. The four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support structure includes: Support structure main body and supporting components, in, The support member is positioned near the center of the reflector. The main body of the support structure is straddled between the edge of the support member and the reflector.

5. The four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main body of the supporting structure includes: The stepped arrangement includes a first support plate, a second support plate, and a third support plate. in, The first end of the first support plate is connected to the reflector, and the second end is connected to the first end of the second support plate; The second end of the second support plate is connected to the first end of the third support plate which is parallel to the reflector, and the second end of the third support plate is connected to the support member.

6. The four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiation patch assembly includes at least: The first radiating patch, the second radiating patch, the third radiating patch, and the fourth radiating patch, wherein, The first radiating patch is disposed on the first support plate, the second and third radiating patches are disposed on the second support plate, and the fourth radiating patch is disposed on the third support plate; The first, second, third, and fourth radiating patches form a three-dimensional stepped radiating array.

7. The four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The antenna also includes: Multiple reflector connectors are disposed at the edge of the reflector and correspond to the FPC antenna unit. The multiple reflector connectors are connected to the reflector and the first support plate at the same time.

8. The four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflector is a regular circle.

9. The four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, An insulating dielectric layer is also provided on the reflector.

10. The four-in-one full-band directional antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The materials used to manufacture the support include, but are not limited to, plastics, ceramics, and metals with surface insulation treatment.

Images