Water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system and method for tea garden in hilly and mountainous regions

Abstract

The invention provides a hilly and mountainous tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system and method.The system comprises a monitoring system, an intelligent control system, a drip-infiltration combined pipe network system and an irrigation and fertilization system, the monitoring system is used for collecting environment data and soil data of planting partitions in real time and feeding back the environment data and the soil data to the intelligent control system; the intelligent control system is in communication connection with the irrigation and fertilization system and the monitoring system, a tea tree fertilization decision-making model is arranged in the intelligent control system, input of the tea tree fertilization decision-making model comprises environment data, soil data, a tea tree growth stage and target yield, and output of the tea tree fertilization decision-making model is a control instruction. The pipe network system is connected with the irrigation and fertilization system and used for conveying irrigation water and prepared customized fertilizer liquid to the tea tree planting subareas. The irrigation and fertilization system comprises an irrigation system and a fertilization system which are both connected with the pipe network system. The tea garden water and fertilizer management system can effectively overcome the defects of an existing tea garden water and fertilizer management technology under the complex terrain condition, and precise and intelligent tea garden water and fertilizer management is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of smart agriculture technology, and particularly relates to a hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Most of the main tea cultivation areas are in the southern mountainous areas. The terrain of the area is complex, the rainfall is large, and the temporal and spatial distribution is uneven, which leads to many challenges in water resource utilization. On the one hand, waterlogging is easy to form in the plum rain season, causing soil and water loss and nutrient leaching. On the other hand, water resource supply is often insufficient in autumn and winter. This annual uneven supply seriously restricts the efficient production of tea gardens. In addition, tea gardens are mostly located in hilly and mountainous areas, and the terrain is large. The traditional water and fertilizer management method is difficult to achieve precise control, resulting in low water and fertilizer utilization rate and serious loss, which not only increases the production cost, but also easily causes agricultural non-point source pollution. At present, the water and fertilizer management of tea gardens mainly adopts water and fertilizer integration technology, which improves the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency to a certain extent, but it is difficult to meet the needs of precision and intelligentization under complex terrain conditions. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system and method to solve the defects that the existing tea garden water and fertilizer management technology is difficult to meet the needs of precision and intelligentization under complex terrain conditions. The technical scheme provided by the present application is as follows: In a first aspect, the present application provides a hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system, comprising: A monitoring system is used to collect environmental data and soil data of planting subareas in real time and feed back to an intelligent control system. The tea garden is divided into a plurality of planting subareas. An intelligent control system is in communication connection with an irrigation and fertilization system and the monitoring system. The intelligent control system is internally provided with a tea tree fertilization decision model. The input of the tea tree fertilization decision model includes environmental data, soil data, tea tree growth stages and target yield. The output is a control instruction, which at least includes irrigation amount, fertilization proportioning scheme and irrigation cycle. The intelligent control system is used to output the control instruction to the irrigation and fertilization system. A pipe network system combining drip and infiltration is connected with the irrigation and fertilization system and is used to deliver irrigation water and prepared customized fertilizer solution to the tea tree planting subareas. The irrigation and fertilization system includes an irrigation system and a fertilization system, both of which are connected with the pipe network system. The irrigation system is used to control the opening time and flow of each subarea irrigation valve according to the irrigation amount and irrigation cycle, and deliver irrigation water to the tea tree planting subareas through the pipe network system. The fertilization system is used to automatically proportion the proportion of each fertilizer mother liquor according to the fertilization proportioning scheme, and deliver the prepared customized fertilizer solution to the tea tree planting subareas through the pipe network system.

[0004] Optionally, the monitoring system comprises an environmental data acquisition module and a soil data acquisition module; The environmental data acquisition module is used to acquire environmental data of the planting subarea in real time, and the environmental data at least includes temperature, humidity and light intensity; The soil data acquisition module is used to detect soil data in real time, and the environmental data at least includes soil water content, soil nutrient content and soil bulk density.

[0005] Optionally, the irrigation system comprises a first power device and a filtering system connected in sequence; The irrigation and fertilization system comprises an irrigation working mode, and the irrigation working mode is that tail water in a low hilly area is pressurized by the first power device, then is transported to the filtering system for multi-stage purification treatment, and then is delivered to the pipe network system; The starting condition of the irrigation working mode is that: When the monitoring system detects that the soil water content is lower than a set threshold, the intelligent control system automatically starts the irrigation water pump; According to the subarea topographic difference and the water pressure optimization result, the opening and closing of each subarea pipe network are controlled through a subarea water control electromagnetic valve; The pipe network system is used to directly deliver the irrigation water to the root of the tea tree.

[0006] Optionally, the fertilization system comprises at least one fertilizer machine, a plurality of raw liquid tanks and a fertilization pipe network; The fertilization pipe network is connected with the at least one fertilizer machine, and an input end of the at least one fertilizer machine is connected with outlet ends of the plurality of raw liquid tanks; The plurality of raw liquid tanks comprise a first raw liquid tank for storing calcium salt, a second raw liquid tank for storing non-calcium salt, a third raw liquid tank for storing trace elements, a fourth raw liquid tank for storing pH adjuster and a fifth raw liquid tank for storing pesticide.

[0007] Optionally, the filtering system comprises a sandstone filter, a backwashing filter and a water softening device; The sandstone filter is used for primary filtration, and a water inlet end thereof is connected with the first power device, and a water outlet end thereof is connected with the backwashing filter; The backwashing filter is used for secondary filtration, and a water inlet end thereof is connected with the sandstone filter, and a water outlet end thereof is connected with the water storage system; The water storage system is used for temporarily storing filtered water, and a water inlet end thereof is connected with the backwashing filter, and a water outlet end thereof is connected with the water softening device; The water softening device is used for water softening, and a water inlet end thereof is connected with the water storage system; The irrigation and fertilization system further comprises a fertilization working mode; The fertilization working mode is that the tail water source in the low hilly area is pressurized by the first power equipment, sequentially passes through the sand filter and backwash filter for double purification, enters the water storage system for temporary storage, and then is treated by the soft water equipment, and the fertilizer mother liquor in each liquid tank is taken by the fertilization machine according to the set proportion, mixed to form the customized fertilizer liquid, and then is delivered to the specified tea tree planting area through the fertilization pipe network.

[0008] Optionally, each of the fertilization machines is configured with five injection type fertilizer proportioning channels and one mixed control pipeline. Each fertilization machine is provided with a concentration sensor and a pH sensor. The fertilization machine is internally provided with a programmable fertilization controller, which supports setting of fertilization parameters and customized fertilization control mode. The fertilization machine is provided with a fertilization power pump.

[0009] Optionally, the pipe network system comprises a main pipe buried below a preset distance of the ground surface, a branch pipe connected with the main pipe, a sub pipe connected with the branch pipe, a capillary pipe connected with the sub pipe through a flow stabilizer, and a root irrigation pipe. The sub pipe is laid in the middle of the cultivation row of the tea tree and is fixed to the lower part of the tea tree body. The capillary pipe is inserted into the root irrigation pipe. The pipe network system adopts a hierarchical water supply design, wherein the main pipe has the largest diameter, the branch pipe has the second largest diameter, and the sub pipe and the capillary pipe have diameters decreasing in turn. The pipes at different levels are connected through detachable and movable joints.

[0010] Optionally, the root irrigation pipe comprises a pipe body and a dustproof cover, and the dustproof cover is arranged at the upper end of the pipe body. The lower end of the pipe body is provided with a conical head, and a plurality of water permeation holes are uniformly arranged above the conical head.

[0011] Optionally, the root irrigation pipe is made of PVC, PPR or PE material.

[0012] In the second aspect, the application further provides a hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management method, which adopts the hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system. The environment data and soil data of the planting area are collected in real time through the monitoring system and are fed back to the intelligent control system. The tea tree fertilization decision model built in the intelligent control system is called, the environment data, soil data, tea tree growth stage and target yield are input into the tea tree fertilization decision model, the output control instruction is obtained and is output to the irrigation and fertilization system, and the control instruction at least comprises irrigation amount, fertilization proportioning scheme and irrigation cycle. The irrigation system controls the opening time and flow of each subarea irrigation valve according to the irrigation amount and irrigation period, and delivers irrigation water to the tea tree planting subarea through the pipe network system; and the fertilization system automatically adjusts the proportion of each fertilizer mother liquor according to the fertilization matching scheme, and delivers the prepared customized fertilizer liquid to the tea tree planting subarea through the pipe network system.

[0013] Based on the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present application compared with the prior art are: The pipe network system adopts a combination of dripping and infiltration, avoiding the problems of easy aging and clogging of traditional drip irrigation systems which are simply laid on the ground or suspended under the lower part of the tea tree. At the same time, compared with buried infiltration irrigation, the drip and infiltration combined pipe network system can flexibly adjust the proportion and layout of drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation according to the actual situation. According to the terrain, tea tree varieties and growth conditions of the tea garden and other factors, the tea garden is divided into several planting subareas. Each planting subarea is equipped with independent irrigation valves and pipe networks, which facilitates precise irrigation and fertilization according to the needs of different planting subareas. Through real-time monitoring of the environmental data and soil data of each planting subarea, the data is fed back to the intelligent control system. The tea tree fertilization decision model built in the intelligent control system considers multiple factors such as environmental data, soil data, tea tree growth stages and target yield requirements. According to these input parameters, the model can dynamically generate precise control instructions, including irrigation amount, fertilization matching scheme and irrigation period. This dynamic decision-making capability based on real-time data enables the system to adapt to the changing water and fertilizer needs of tea trees at different growth stages, achieving precise and intelligent water and fertilizer management under complex terrain conditions.

[0014] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the present application. The objects and other advantages of the present application will be realized and achieved by the structure particularly pointed out in the description as well as in the appended claims.

[0015] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are specifically described below, and the accompanying drawings are described in detail as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 It is the architecture schematic diagram of the hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system provided by the present application.

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a tea tree fertilization decision model provided by the present application.

[0019] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an irrigation and fertilization system provided by the present application.

[0020] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a water storage system provided by the present application.

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a pipe network system layout provided by the present application.

[0022] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a root irrigation pipe provided by the present application.

[0023] The drawings are as follows: 1, low hilly area tail water source; 2, water supply pipeline; 3, first variable frequency water pump; 4, sand and stone filter; 5, backwashing filter; 6, water storage system; 7, total control water solenoid valve; 8, water storage solenoid valve; 9, soft water equipment; 10, second variable frequency water pump; 11, irrigation control water solenoid valve; 12, first partition total control fertilizer solenoid valve; 13, second partition total control fertilizer solenoid valve; 14, third partition total control fertilizer solenoid valve; 15, first fertilizer applicator; 16, second fertilizer applicator; 17, third fertilizer applicator; 18, raw liquid barrel water replenishing pipe; 19, first raw liquid barrel; 20, second raw liquid barrel; 21, third raw liquid barrel; 22, fourth raw liquid barrel; 23, fifth raw liquid barrel; 24, irrigation main pipe; 25, first partition irrigation pipe; 26, second partition irrigation pipe; 27, third partition irrigation pipe; 28, tea tree planting partition.

[0024] 601, upper water pipe; 602, check valve; 603, barrel water inlet pipe; 604, remote control floating ball valve; 605, floating ball guide valve; 606, water storage barrel; 607, drainage control valve; 608, drainage pipe; 609, lower water pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] At present, water and fertilizer management in tea gardens mainly adopts water and fertilizer integration technology, which has improved water and fertilizer utilization efficiency to a certain extent, but still has the following problems under complex terrain conditions: 1. Unreasonable pipe network layout: Traditional drip irrigation systems are often laid on the ground or hung under the lower part of tea trees, which are prone to aging and clogging due to long-term exposure to the environment, resulting in high maintenance costs. Buried seepage irrigation can reduce pipe aging, but it has problems such as root compression of pipes and clogging of drip holes, and it is difficult to find faults in time, leading to uneven distribution of water and fertilizer.

[0027] 2. Insufficient zonal control: Existing technologies lack zonal optimization design for different terrains and water pressures, leading to serious hydraulic imbalance during irrigation and fertilization, with excessive water supply in some areas and insufficient water supply in other areas. To alleviate this problem, operators often increase the rated capacity of the water pump, but this increases energy consumption and pipe network pressure mismatch, further exacerbating energy waste.

[0028] 3. Low level of intelligence: Existing systems rely heavily on manual experience for control and lack dynamic decision-making capabilities based on real-time environmental and soil data, making it difficult to adapt to changes in water and fertilizer needs of tea trees at different growth stages, restricting the improvement of tea yield and quality.

[0029] In summary, existing tea garden water and fertilizer management technologies cannot meet the needs of precision and intelligence under complex terrain conditions, and an intelligent water and fertilizer management system that can adapt to mountain characteristics, optimize pipe network layout, and achieve zonal precise control is urgently needed to improve resource utilization efficiency, reduce production costs, and reduce environmental impact.

[0030] The hilly and mountainous tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system provided by the present application, as shown in Figure 1 , includes a monitoring system, an intelligent control system, an irrigation and fertilization system, and a pipe network system combining drip and seepage.

[0031] The monitoring system is the basis of the entire intelligent management system, which is used to collect environmental data and soil data of the planting area in real time and feed back to the intelligent control system, providing data support for subsequent decision-making. Environmental data includes air temperature, air humidity, light intensity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, etc. These data can reflect the macro climate conditions of the tea garden, which has an important influence on the growth and development of tea trees. For example, suitable temperature and light are conducive to the photosynthesis of tea trees, while excessive or insufficient temperature, excessive light or excessive wind may cause harm to tea trees. Soil data covers soil moisture content, soil temperature, soil pH value, soil nutrient content (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and soil bulk density, etc. Soil is the foundation of tea tree growth, and each index of soil directly affects the absorption of water and nutrients by tea tree roots. For example, low soil moisture content will cause tea trees to lack water and affect growth; unsuitable soil pH value will affect the absorption and utilization of nutrients by tea trees. The monitoring system transmits the collected data to the intelligent control system in real time through a wireless sensor network. The wireless sensor network has the advantages of flexible deployment, strong scalability and no need for wiring, which is suitable for the complex terrain of tea gardens in low hills.

[0032] The intelligent control system is the core of the entire intelligent management system, which is in communication connection with the irrigation and fertilization system and the monitoring system. The intelligent control system has a built-in tea tree fertilization decision-making model, which can analyze and make decisions based on the received data, output precise control instructions, and realize intelligent management of water and fertilizer in tea gardens. The input of the tea tree fertilization decision-making model includes environmental data, soil data, tea tree growth stages and target yield, and the output is control instructions. Environmental data includes air temperature, humidity, light intensity, etc. These data help to understand the external environmental conditions of tea tree growth, so as to adjust the water and fertilizer supply strategy. For example, in high temperature and drought weather, the irrigation amount needs to be increased to ensure the water demand of tea trees. Soil data including soil moisture content, soil nutrient content and soil bulk density, etc. are the key factors to determine the amount of fertilization and irrigation. When the soil humidity is low, irrigation needs to be increased; when the soil lacks a certain nutrient content, the fertilization ratio needs to be adjusted to increase the supply of the corresponding nutrient. Tea trees have different demands for water and nutrients at different growth stages. For example, during the sprouting period of tea trees, sufficient water and nitrogen fertilizer are needed to promote the growth of new shoots; during the picking period, the supply of water and nutrients needs to be properly controlled to improve the quality of tea leaves. According to the planting target and market demand of the tea garden, the target yield is set. Different target yields have different demands for water and fertilizer, and the intelligent control system will adjust the water and fertilizer supply scheme according to the target yield to ensure that tea trees can achieve the expected yield.

[0033] The control instructions at least include irrigation amount, fertilization ratio scheme and irrigation cycle, which are the basis for the irrigation and fertilization system to execute operations and can ensure the precise supply of water and fertilizer. The intelligent control system is used to output control instructions to the irrigation and fertilization system.

[0034] The intelligent control system receives the environmental data and soil data from the monitoring system, and inputs the environmental data, soil data, tea tree growth stage and target yield into the tea tree fertilization decision model for analysis and processing. The model calculates the optimal water and fertilizer supply scheme according to the input parameters, generates the corresponding control instructions, and sends the control instructions to the irrigation and fertilization system.

[0035] The pipe network system combined with drip and infiltration is connected with the irrigation and fertilization system, which is the channel for water and fertilizer delivery, and is used to deliver irrigation water and prepared customized fertilizer solution to the tea tree planting subarea 28 to meet the water and fertilizer needs of tea tree growth. The pipe network system adopts a combination of drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation, which can realize precise supply of water and fertilizer according to the distribution characteristics of tea tree root system and soil moisture conditions. Drip irrigation can deliver water and fertilizer directly to the vicinity of tea tree roots, reducing water evaporation and nutrient loss; infiltration irrigation can slowly penetrate water to the deep soil layer, providing sustained water supply for tea tree roots. According to factors such as the terrain of the tea garden, tea tree varieties and growth conditions, the tea garden is divided into several planting subareas. Each planting subarea is equipped with independent irrigation valves and pipe networks, which facilitate precise irrigation and fertilization according to the needs of different subareas. The pipe network system is made of corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant materials, such as polyethylene (PE) pipes, to ensure the service life and delivery efficiency of the pipe network. At the same time, the connection mode of the pipe network adopts quick couplings, which is convenient for installation and maintenance.

[0036] The irrigation and fertilization system includes an irrigation system and a fertilization system, both of which are connected with the pipe network system, and are the key equipment for executing the control instructions of the intelligent control system. After receiving the control instructions, the irrigation system is used to control the opening time and flow of each subarea irrigation valve according to the irrigation amount and irrigation cycle, and deliver irrigation water to the tea tree planting subarea 28 through the pipe network system; the fertilization system is used to automatically adjust the proportion of each fertilizer mother liquor according to the fertilization proportioning scheme, and deliver the prepared customized fertilizer solution to the tea tree planting subarea 28 through the pipe network system. The irrigation system can realize the automatic opening and closing of each subarea irrigation valve according to the irrigation amount and irrigation cycle; at the same time, the fertilization system can automatically adjust the proportion of each fertilizer mother liquor according to the fertilization proportioning scheme, prepare the customized fertilizer solution, and deliver the customized fertilizer solution to the tea tree planting subarea 28 through the pipe network system.

[0037] The irrigation system and the fertilization system are equipped with multiple electromagnetic valves, each corresponding to a tea tree planting subarea 28. After the intelligent control system sends control instructions, the irrigation system controls the opening time and flow of the electromagnetic valves of the corresponding subarea according to the instructions, realizing precise control of irrigation in each subarea. According to the growth stage and environmental conditions of tea trees, the intelligent control system can adjust the irrigation cycle. For example, during the vigorous growth period of tea trees, the irrigation cycle can be appropriately shortened; during the rainy season, the irrigation cycle can be appropriately extended or irrigation can be temporarily suspended. The fertilization system is provided with multiple stock solution barrels for storing different types of fertilizer stock solutions. The fertilization system accurately controls the extraction amount of each fertilizer stock solution according to the fertilization proportioning scheme, mixes and adjusts it into customized fertilizer solution. The customized fertilizer solution prepared is delivered to the tea tree planting subarea 28 through the pipe network system and applied to the roots of tea trees at the same time as irrigation water.

[0038] The hilly mountain tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system provided by the present application can effectively overcome the defects of existing tea garden water and fertilizer management technology under complex terrain conditions through multi-aspect innovative design, realize precise and intelligent tea garden water and fertilizer management, and specific analysis is as follows: The pipe network system adopts a combination of dripping and infiltration, avoiding the problems of easy aging and clogging of traditional drip irrigation systems simply laid on the ground or suspended under the lower part of tea trees. At the same time, compared with buried infiltration irrigation, the drip and infiltration combined pipe network system can flexibly adjust the proportion and layout of drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation according to the actual situation. For example, in areas with relatively flat terrain and shallow tea root distribution, the proportion of drip irrigation can be appropriately increased to reduce the possibility of root extrusion of infiltration pipe. In areas with large terrain undulations and good soil permeability, the application of infiltration irrigation is strengthened to reduce the risk of drip hole clogging. The drip and infiltration combined pipe network system considers the convenience of maintenance in design. Through reasonable subarea planning and pipe connection mode, when problems such as pipe aging and clogging occur, the fault point can be quickly located and repaired or replaced.

[0039] The intelligent control system closely cooperates with the irrigation and fertilization system, and optimizes the design according to the actual conditions such as the terrain and water pressure of the tea garden. Through real-time monitoring of various planting subarea environmental data and soil data, the data is fed back to the intelligent control system. The tea tree fertilization decision model built in the intelligent control system comprehensively considers various factors such as environmental data, soil data, tea tree growth stage and target yield demand. According to these input parameters, the model can dynamically generate precise control instructions, including irrigation amount, fertilization proportioning scheme and irrigation cycle. For example, during the germination period of tea trees, the model will appropriately increase the supply of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation amount according to the soil humidity and nutrient content to promote the growth of new shoots; during the picking period, the supply of water and nutrients will be reduced to improve the quality of tea leaves. This dynamic decision-making capability based on real-time data enables the system to adapt to changes in water and fertilizer demand of tea trees at different growth stages, realizing precise water and fertilizer management.

[0040] Unlike the existing technology where operators alleviate the problem of hydraulic imbalance by increasing the rated capacity of the water pump, the intelligent system can dynamically adjust the irrigation parameters of each partition according to the real-time monitored data. For example, when the water pressure of a certain planting partition is too high, the intelligent control system will automatically reduce the opening of the irrigation valve of that partition to reduce the flow; when the water pressure is too low, the valve opening is increased to increase the flow. In this way, the problem of increased energy consumption and pipe network pressure mismatch caused by blindly increasing the capacity of the water pump is avoided, and the rational allocation and efficient use of water resources are realized.

[0041] In summary, the hillside tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system overcomes the defects of existing tea garden water and fertilizer management technology in complex terrain conditions through innovations in pipe network design combining drip and infiltration, precise partition control of the intelligent control system, and multi-dimensional data collection and dynamic decision-making capabilities, and realizes the precise and intelligent needs in complex terrain conditions.

[0042] The hillside tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system is a highly integrated and intelligent comprehensive management system designed to realize the precision and automation of tea garden irrigation and fertilization, improve tea garden production efficiency and tea quality, and promote the efficient use of water and fertilizer resources and the protection of the ecological environment. In addition to the monitoring system, irrigation system, fertilization system, and pipe network system, the system also includes a device house head, which collaborates with each other to ensure the scientificity and efficiency of tea garden water and fertilizer management.

[0043] The monitoring system collects tea garden environmental information in real time through various sensors, including air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, soil moisture, and other related environmental parameters. These data accurately reflect the real-time environmental conditions of the tea garden, providing a scientific basis for subsequent irrigation and fertilization operations.

[0044] Based on factors such as daily water consumption, field water holding capacity, and soil bulk density of tea plants in different partitions, the irrigation schedule is accurately calculated, and a reasonable irrigation cycle is designed. Based on these calculation results, key parameters such as pipe diameter and pressure are further determined, and partition internal branch pipes, partition main pipes, planting area external water supply branch pipes and main pipes, and partition external fertilizer supply branch pipes and main pipes are selected. At the same time, according to the pipe selection, the corresponding solenoid valves and supporting pipe fittings are configured, and the volumes of the water storage system and the stock solution tank are scientifically set.

[0045] The irrigation schedule uses the following parameters, as shown in Table 1, which can also be adjusted according to different tea plant species, varieties, and actual field conditions; According to relevant design specifications and the actual conditions of the demonstration area, the following design parameters are selected by the present application: (1) Design daily water consumption: 5 mm / d; (2) Irrigation water use coefficient: η ≥ 0.9; (3) Design soil wet layer depth: 60cm; (4) Design soil wet ratio: 40%; (5) Field water holding capacity: about 23.20% (weight); (6) Soil bulk density: about 1.36g / cm 3 .

[0046] Table 1

[0047] Then, through the hydraulic calculation of the water supply and fertilizer supply pipe network in the tea plantation area, the water head loss along the pipeline and the local water head loss are calculated to accurately determine the inlet flow and pressure of different main pipes and branch pipes. According to these accurate calculation results, the frequency conversion submersible pump of the head water source, the irrigation water pump and the fertilizer power pump, the filtration system and the fertilizer machine are selected to ensure the power supply and function realization of the system.

[0048] The irrigation system carries out precise irrigation according to the data provided by the monitoring system and the preset irrigation schedule. In actual operation, the irrigation system automatically adjusts the irrigation water quantity and time according to the water demand law of tea trees and environmental conditions. Through close cooperation with the monitoring system, it can realize on-demand irrigation, avoid the problems of excessive irrigation or insufficient irrigation, improve the efficiency of water resource utilization, and at the same time create a suitable growth environment for tea trees.

[0049] The fertilizer system also works based on monitoring data and the nutrient demand law of tea trees. According to the nutrient state of tail water quality, the fertilizer management mode is flexibly adjusted. The fertilizer system cooperates with the irrigation system to accurately deliver fertilizer to the root of tea trees. It can accurately control the type, amount and application time of fertilizer according to the nutrient demand of tea trees at different growth stages. For example, during the vigorous growth period of tea trees, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is increased to promote the growth of branches and leaves; during the flowering and fruiting period, the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is appropriately increased to improve the quality and yield of tea leaves. Through precise fertilization, not only can the fertilizer utilization rate be improved, fertilizer waste and environmental pollution can be reduced, but also the nutrient demand of tea tree growth can be met, and the quality of tea leaves can be improved.

[0050] The head of the equipment room is the core control and power supply center of the whole intelligent control system. It integrates key equipment such as fertilizer machines and electromagnetic valves, and is responsible for centralized control and management of the whole system. The fertilizer machine adjusts the type and proportion of fertilizer according to the instruction of the fertilizer system and the adjusted fertilizer mode of tail water quality; the electromagnetic valve controls the circulation and cutoff of water and fertilizer in the pipe network system according to the demand of irrigation and fertilization. The head of the equipment room also has data receiving and processing functions, which can receive data from the monitoring system in real time, and generate irrigation and fertilization decision instructions combined with preset algorithms and models to realize the automatic operation of the system.

[0051] The hilly and mountainous tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system realizes the intelligentization, precision and automation of tea garden water and fertilizer management through the organic cooperation of the monitoring system, the irrigation system, the fertilization system, the pipe network system, the control system and the equipment room head. The system not only improves the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources and reduces the production cost, but also improves the quality and yield of tea, and provides strong support for the sustainable development of low hilly and mountainous tea gardens.

[0052] Referring to Figure 2 As shown in the tea tree fertilization decision model, the data provided by the monitoring system is combined with the tea tree's own fertilizer requirement rules to provide scientific decision-making for tea tree fertilization. First, the actual nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization amount required by the tea tree needs to be determined according to the target yield, and information such as the type of tea tree, geographical conditions, soil type and local fertilization habits is obtained to clarify the fertilizer requirement rules and irrigation characteristics of tea trees in different growth periods, which serves as the basis for fertilization decision-making.

[0053] The monitoring system collects relevant data through various means: monitoring solar radiation, air temperature and humidity to estimate the photosynthetic rate of tea trees; detecting soil nutrients to calculate the existing fertilizer content in the soil; observing leaf nutrition status to determine the type of missing nutrients in tea trees; detecting nutrient loss to calculate the utilization rate of fertilizers; and detecting tail water quality to evaluate the pollution level of tail water. These data from the monitoring system are fed back to the tea tree fertilization decision model in different growth periods, combined with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization amount required by tea trees in each period and the fertilizer requirement rules of tea trees in different growth periods, to provide precise decision-making guidance for tea tree fertilization and achieve efficient and scientific fertilization based on tail water recycling in low hilly and mountainous areas. The specific calculation method can refer to the description in the prior art, which is not limited here.

[0054] The environment of low hilly and mountainous tea gardens is complex and variable, and the water and fertilizer demand of tea trees is influenced by various factors such as air temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, pH, nutrient content and different growth stages of tea trees. These factors and irrigation amount, fertilization ratio scheme and irrigation cycle are not in a simple linear relationship, but there is a complex nonlinear interaction. The tea tree fertilization decision model of the present application adopts a random forest model, which can capture these complex nonlinear relationships by constructing multiple decision trees, thereby more accurately predicting the water and fertilizer demand of tea trees.

[0055] The random forest model can evaluate the importance of each input feature (such as environmental data, soil data, etc.) to the fertilization decision. This helps tea garden managers understand which factors have the greatest impact on the water and fertilizer demand of tea trees, so that targeted data monitoring and management can be carried out. For example, if it is found that the soil nutrient content is relatively important to the fertilization decision, the monitoring frequency of soil nutrients can be increased to provide more accurate basis for precise fertilization.

[0056] The training process of the tea tree fertilization decision-making model is as follows S110, data collection and preparation: collect various data from low-hill tea gardens, including environmental data of various plant zones (such as air temperature, humidity, light intensity, wind speed, etc.), soil data (soil moisture, pH, soil nutrient content, soil bulk density, etc.), tea tree growth stages (monitored by artificial observation or using special sensors), and corresponding fertilization decision-making data (irrigation amount, fertilization ratio scheme, irrigation cycle, etc.). The time span of data collection should be as long as possible to cover different growth seasons of tea trees and various environmental conditions.

[0057] Check if there are missing values, outliers and error values in the data. For missing values, methods such as mean filling, median filling, regression filling, etc. can be used for processing; for outliers, statistical analysis or visualization methods can be used for identification, and according to the actual situation, deletion or correction can be carried out.

[0058] For categorical variables such as tea tree growth stages, they are converted into numerical variables so that the model can be processed. For example, the bud stage can be coded as 1, the growth stage as 2, the picking stage as 3, etc.

[0059] Because the data dimensions and numerical ranges of different features may differ greatly, in order to make the model converge better in the training process, the data is standardized or normalized. Z-score standardization can be used, that is, the data is subtracted from the mean and divided by the standard deviation; Min-Max normalization can also be used, that is, the data is scaled to the range of [0, 1] or [-1, 1].

[0060] S120, divide the training set and the test set: divide the preprocessed data set into training set and test set according to a certain proportion (such as 7:3 or 8:2). The training set is used for model training and parameter adjustment, and the test set is used to evaluate the generalization ability and prediction accuracy of the model.

[0061] S130, construct a random forest model: ① Determine the number of decision trees: the number of decision trees is an important parameter of the random forest model. The optimal number of decision trees can be determined by cross-validation method. For example, different numbers of decision trees (such as 100, 200, 300, etc.) can be tried, and then the performance of the model on the validation set is evaluated to select the best number of decision trees.

[0062] ② Construct each decision tree: for each decision tree, randomly sample a part of the original training set with replacement as the training data of the decision tree. This self-sampling method makes the training data of each decision tree different, increasing the diversity of the model.

[0063] ③ Feature selection: During the splitting process of each node, a subset of features (e.g., square root or logarithm of the total number of features) is randomly selected from all features as candidate features, and then the optimal feature is selected according to the splitting criterion (e.g., information gain, Gini coefficient, etc.) for node splitting. This can avoid the influence of certain strong features on the model and improve the generalization ability of the model.

[0064] ④ Recursive construction of decision tree: Repeat the above feature selection and node splitting process until the stopping condition is met (e.g., the number of samples in the node is less than a certain threshold, the depth of the tree reaches the maximum value, etc.), and complete the construction of the decision tree.

[0065] S140, Model training and parameter adjustment: Use the training set data to train the constructed random forest model. During the training process, the model will integrate the prediction results of each decision tree to obtain the final prediction value.

[0066] In addition to the number of decision trees, there are other parameters that can be adjusted in the random forest model, such as the minimum number of samples for node splitting, the maximum number of features, etc. Parameter optimization methods such as grid search, random search, etc. can be used to adjust these parameters in combination with cross-validation to improve the performance of the model. For example, grid search can traverse all possible parameter combinations to find the optimal parameter settings for the model performance; random search randomly samples a certain number of parameter combinations in the parameter space for evaluation.

[0067] S150, Model evaluation and verification: Use the trained model to predict the test set data, and compare the prediction results (including predicted irrigation amount, fertilization ratio scheme, irrigation period) with the actual values (including true irrigation amount, true fertilization ratio scheme, true irrigation period), calculate the evaluation indicators of the model, such as mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), determination coefficient (R²), etc. These indicators can reflect the prediction accuracy and fitting effect of the model. For example, the smaller the MSE, the smaller the error between the predicted value and the actual value of the model, the better the performance of the model; the closer the R² to 1, the higher the fitting degree of the model to the data.

[0068] As the tea garden environment changes, the tea tree growth stage advances, and new data accumulates, the model can be updated and optimized regularly. New data can be used to retrain the model and adjust the parameters of the model to improve the adaptability and prediction accuracy of the model.

[0069] In some embodiments, the monitoring system is a core component of the hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system, mainly composed of an environmental data acquisition module and a soil data acquisition module. The system provides scientific basis for the intelligent control system by obtaining real-time and accurate key data of the tea garden environment and soil, to achieve precise water and fertilizer management.

[0070] The environmental data acquisition module is used to obtain real-time environmental data of the planting subarea, and the environmental data at least includes temperature, humidity, and light intensity. High-precision sensors such as temperature and humidity sensors, light intensity sensors, etc. can be arranged at different positions of the tea garden to fully reflect the environmental conditions of the tea garden. The sensors transmit data to the intelligent control system through wired or wireless methods for real-time analysis and processing.

[0071] The soil data acquisition module is used to detect real-time soil data, and the environmental data at least includes soil water content, soil nutrient content (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), and soil bulk density, etc. These data directly reflect the soil fertility and water conditions, and play a decisive role in guiding precise fertilization and irrigation. Soil sensors such as soil moisture sensors and soil nutrient sensors can be used, and they are reasonably arranged according to the terrain and soil type of the tea garden. The sensors monitor various indicators of the soil in real time by being embedded in the soil, and transmit data to the central control platform.

[0072] The monitoring system transmits the collected environmental data and soil data to the intelligent control system in real time through optical fiber or wireless network. After receiving the data, the intelligent control system performs preprocessing, storage, and analysis. The preprocessing process includes data cleaning, denoising, and outlier processing, etc. to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. The storage process uses database technology to achieve efficient management and fast query of data. The analysis process uses the above tea tree fertilization decision model to provide decision support for the intelligent control system.

[0073] The monitoring system and the intelligent control system are closely integrated to form a closed-loop control. The intelligent control system dynamically adjusts the irrigation amount and the fertilization formula according to the data provided by the monitoring system, combined with the different growth stages of tea trees and the target yield requirements. For example, when the soil water content is lower than the set threshold, the intelligent control system automatically starts the irrigation pump and controls the opening and closing of each subarea pipe network through electromagnetic valves to achieve precise irrigation. At the same time, the system dynamically adjusts the proportion and amount of fertilizer according to the soil nutrient content and the tea tree fertilizer demand law, and calls the fertilization decision model to achieve precise fertilization.

[0074] The present application can accurately grasp the water and fertilizer demand of tea trees by real-time monitoring of tea garden environment and soil data, and intelligent control system can avoid resource waste and environmental pollution caused by excessive irrigation and fertilization. At the same time, the irrigation method combined with dripping and infiltration makes water and fertilizer directly delivered to the root of tea trees, improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer. Traditional tea garden irrigation and fertilization need a lot of manual operation, which is time-consuming and laborious. The integrated application of the monitoring system and the intelligent control system realizes the automation and intelligent management of irrigation and fertilization, greatly reducing the labor cost. Management personnel can remotely monitor and control the water and fertilizer conditions of the tea garden through the computer terminal or mobile phone terminal, improving the work efficiency. Precise water and fertilizer management can meet the needs of tea trees in different growth stages, promote the healthy growth and high yield of tea trees. Through real-time monitoring and adjustment of irrigation amount and fertilization formula, the problems of tea quality decline and yield reduction caused by insufficient or excessive water and fertilizer can be avoided. The application of the monitoring system and the intelligent control system is also helpful to protect the ecological environment. By reducing the non-point source pollution problem caused by excessive irrigation and fertilization, the pollution risk to the surrounding water and soil is reduced. At the same time, the irrigation method combined with dripping and infiltration also reduces the problems of surface runoff and soil erosion, which is beneficial to maintain the ecological balance of the tea garden.

[0075] In some embodiments, the irrigation system includes a first power device and a filter system connected in sequence, forming a complete and efficient irrigation solution, especially suitable for complex terrain conditions of low hilly tea garden.

[0076] The first power device is the energy source of the irrigation system, including a variable frequency submersible pump placed at the tail water source 1 of the low hilly area (i.e. Figure 3 The first variable frequency water pump 3 adjusts the rotation speed of the water pump through variable frequency technology to realize precise control of flow and improve energy utilization efficiency. The selection of variable frequency submersible pump needs to consider the scale of tea garden, water source conditions and irrigation demand to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0077] The irrigation and fertilization system comprises an irrigation working mode, in which the tail water source 1 in the low hilly area is pressurized by the first power equipment, enters the filtering system for multi-stage purification treatment, and is then delivered to the pipe network system. The specific process is as follows: the tail water in the low hilly area is used as the irrigation water source, which not only saves water resources, but also realizes the reuse of wastewater. The first power equipment (the first variable frequency water pump 3) pressurizes according to the irrigation demand, so as to ensure that the water flow has sufficient pressure and flow to enter the subsequent treatment link. The irrigation water passes through the filtering system to remove impurities, suspended solids and hard water components, so as to ensure the cleanliness and applicability of the water quality. The multi-stage design of the filtering system effectively prolongs the service life of the equipment and reduces the maintenance cost. The purified irrigation water is delivered to each irrigation subarea through the pipe network system. Through the water pressure change caused by the terrain difference of different tea tree subareas, the pipe pressure sensor and the water outlet flow requirement, the intelligent control system accurately controls the opening and closing of each subarea pipe network through the subarea water control electromagnetic valve, adjusts the water pump in real time, and realizes the accurate distribution of the irrigation water. The drip irrigation method is adopted, the water and fertilizer are directly delivered to the root irrigation pipe through the capillary, and then seep into the soil near the tea tree roots. This method avoids surface evaporation and nutrient loss, improves the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, and reduces the risk of non-point source pollution.

[0078] The terrain of the low hilly tea garden is complex, and the altitude difference of different planting subareas is significant. The terrain difference will cause the change of water flow pressure, the water pressure of high subarea may be insufficient, which will cause the reduction of irrigation water quantity; the water pressure of low subarea may be too high, which will cause pipe burst or uneven irrigation. Therefore, the terrain measurement and pressure calculation are needed to divide reasonable planting subareas to ensure the balance of water pressure of each subarea.

[0079] Based on the pipe network hydraulic calculation model (such as the water head loss formula of capillary, branch pipe and main pipe), combined with the terrain difference data, the required first water pump pressure of each subarea is calculated. For example: The working water head deviation rate of the irrigation emitter and the emitter flow deviation rate can be calculated by the following formula: In the formula, H v is the working water head deviation rate of the irrigation emitter, %; q v is the emitter flow deviation rate, %; x is the flow state index.

[0080] The irrigation uniformity is 95%, the emitter flow deviation rate =0.2, the flow state index =0.5, and the working water head of the irrigation emitter is 10 m. Through the working water head of the irrigation emitter (10 m), the flow state index (x=0.5) and other parameters, the length of a single capillary (50 m) and the flow of the irrigation emitter (2 L / h) are determined.

[0081] The formula for calculating the pipe hydraulic (i.e. pipe head loss along the way) is as follows: In the formula, H f is the pipe head loss along the way, m; f is the friction coefficient; S is the pipe slope or hydraulic slope; q d is the design flow, m 3 / h; m , b is the empirical index, see Table 2 below; N is the number of emitters on the same branch pipe; S 0 is the initial slope or reference slope; d is the pipe diameter, m.

[0082] The length of the capillary tube is determined according to the direction of crop planting, such as 50 m. The length of a single capillary tube is 50 m, each capillary tube controls 150 emitters, and each emitter is installed with a one-to-two drop arrow, with a drop arrow flow of 2 L / h, and a single capillary tube inlet flow of 600 L / h.

[0083] When the parameters are lacking, the local head loss can be estimated as a certain proportion of the head loss along the way, with a branch pipe of 0.05-0.1 and a capillary tube of 0.1-0.2.

[0084] Table 2: Pipe head loss coefficient and index table along the way

[0085] In Table 2, R e is the Reynolds number. The f value of polyethylene pipe for micro-irrigation corresponds to water temperature of 10℃, and other temperatures should be corrected.

[0086] The formula for calculating the pipe hydraulic (i.e. pipe total head loss) is as follows: In the formula, H is the pipe total head loss, m; Q is the pipe design flow m 3 / h; D is the pipe diameter, m; L is the pipe length, m; k is the head loss increase coefficient; f is the friction coefficient; m , bThe experience index is shown in Table 2. According to the terrain elevation, tea planting density and irrigation requirements, the tea garden is divided into several independent planting subareas (such as 10-20 mu per subarea). Each subarea is equipped with an independent water control solenoid valve to achieve differentiated control. The soil data acquisition module monitors the soil moisture content of each subarea in real time, and the environmental data acquisition module monitors parameters such as temperature and humidity. When the soil moisture content of a subarea is below the set threshold (such as 55% of the field water holding capacity), the intelligent control system triggers the irrigation instruction. According to the terrain elevation and water pressure optimization results, the required water pressure of the subarea is calculated, and the corresponding pipe network is opened through the subarea water control solenoid valve, while the valves of other subareas are closed to avoid hydraulic conflict. During irrigation, the water pressure and flow rate are continuously monitored, and the solenoid valve opening is dynamically adjusted through the PID control algorithm to ensure uniformity of irrigation.

[0087] A flow stabilizer is installed at the corresponding position of the branch pipe to balance the water pressure fluctuations of each branch pipe and prevent unstable water flow caused by terrain elevation differences. The branch pipe is connected by a live joint, which facilitates adjustment of the position according to the terrain and facilitates maintenance and replacement.

[0088] The present application realizes on-demand water supply through subarea water control solenoid valves, avoiding water resource waste in traditional irrigation methods. For example, the high subarea can increase the pressure of the first water pump, and the low subarea can reduce the pressure to ensure uniform irrigation of each subarea. Automation reduces the need for manual inspection and operation, and the remote control function of the solenoid valve allows management personnel to adjust irrigation strategies in real time through a mobile phone or computer. Water pressure optimization and flow stabilizer design reduce the risk of pipe rupture, and the detachable branch pipe facilitates quick repair, reducing overall maintenance costs. Precise water and fertilizer management meets the needs of tea trees at different growth stages, avoiding growth restrictions caused by uneven water and fertilizer, thereby improving tea yield and quality.

[0089] Suppose a low hilly tea garden is divided into three planting subareas (A area high, B area medium, C area low): the soil moisture content of A area decreases to 50% (threshold 55%), and the irrigation system triggers the irrigation instruction. According to the terrain elevation difference of A area (10m higher than the first water pump), the pressure of the first water pump needs to be increased to 1.2MPa. Open the A area water control solenoid valve, and close the B and C area valves to ensure independent irrigation of A area. During irrigation, the water pressure of A area is monitored to be stable at 1.1-1.2MPa, and the flow rate meets the design value (600L / h), ensuring uniform irrigation. Through the above process, the subarea water control solenoid valve and water pressure optimization technology realize precise irrigation in complex terrain, providing a reliable solution for efficient management of low hilly tea gardens.

[0090] The start of the irrigation mode strictly depends on real-time data feedback from the monitoring system and accurate judgment of the intelligent control system. The specific starting conditions are: the soil data acquisition module in the monitoring system detects the soil moisture content in real time and compares it with the set threshold value. When the monitoring system detects that the soil moisture content is lower than the set threshold value, it indicates that the tea trees are in a water shortage state and irrigation needs to be started immediately. After receiving the signal that the soil moisture content is lower than the threshold value, the intelligent control system automatically starts the irrigation water pump. At the same time, according to the results of the optimization of the terrain elevation difference and water pressure in each subarea, the opening and closing of each subarea pipe network are controlled through the subarea water control solenoid valve to ensure that the irrigation water is uniformly and efficiently delivered to the tea tree roots. The pipe network system is used to deliver irrigation water directly to the tea tree roots, and the water is infiltrated into the soil through the drip irrigation method to meet the growth needs of tea trees. This method avoids the water waste and nutrient loss problems of traditional irrigation methods, and improves the irrigation efficiency and water and fertilizer utilization rate.

[0091] The above process of opening and closing each subarea pipe network through the subarea water control solenoid valve according to the results of the optimization of the terrain elevation difference and water pressure is as follows: Professional surveying and mapping tools such as total station and unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with laser radar are used to conduct high-precision topographic surveying and mapping of low-hill tea gardens. According to the elevation data obtained by surveying and mapping, combined with the planting plan of the tea garden and the characteristics of the tea tree variety, the tea garden is divided into several planting subareas. The terrain in each subarea is relatively flat, but there is a significant terrain elevation difference between different subareas.

[0092] High-precision pipe pressure sensors are installed at key nodes of the tea garden water supply pipe network, such as the entrances of each subarea, higher and lower places, and the main and branch pipes. These sensors can monitor the water pressure in the pipe in real time and convert the pressure signal into an electrical signal.

[0093] Flow meters are installed at the water outlets of each planting subarea to monitor the water flow in real time. The flow meter can convert the water flow information into an electrical signal to accurately reflect the actual water use of the subarea.

[0094] The pressure sensors and flow meters transmit the collected water pressure and water flow data to the intelligent control system through wired (such as RS485 bus) or wireless (such as ZigBee, LoRa) communication methods. The intelligent control system has data receiving, storage and analysis processing capabilities and can obtain the running state information of each subarea in real time.

[0095] The intelligent control system uses the collected terrain elevation difference data, water pressure and water flow data of each subarea, combined with the growth needs of tea trees and the irrigation system, uses the water force calculation model and optimization algorithm to optimize the water pressure of each subarea. The goal is to achieve uniform distribution of irrigation water and minimum energy consumption to determine the optimal water pressure value required by each subarea. The optimization process is as follows: (1) Determine parameters and optimization conditions: Suppose there are n subareas in the tea garden, each of which has relatively independent irrigation requirements and topographic features.

[0096] The water pressure of each subarea H i Not only does it need to meet the growth needs of tea trees and the performance requirements of irrigation equipment, but also the impact of topographic elevation h i must be considered. Suppose that without considering the topographic elevation, the minimum value of the water pressure determined according to the growth needs of tea trees and the performance of irrigation equipment is H i,min0 , and the maximum value is H i,max0 .

[0097] After considering the topographic elevation, the actual water pressure range is: H i,min = H i,min0 + h i , H i,max = H i,max0 + h i , where i =1,2, , n . Assuming that the topographic elevation h i is positive, indicating the height of the subarea relative to the reference level, if the subarea is below the reference level, then h i is negative.

[0098] According to the growth needs of tea trees and the irrigation system, the ideal water output of each subarea is determined Q i , i =1,2, , n .

[0099] Suppose the relationship between the water pump power P and the water pump head H ' and flow Q ' is P = k 1 Q ' H ' ( k 1 is a constant related to the characteristics of the water pump, which can be obtained by consulting the product specifications of the water pump), and the irrigation time is t .

[0100] The total objective function is constructed using weighted summation F : wherein, w 1and w 2are the weight coefficients of the uniform distribution of irrigation water and the minimum energy consumption target, respectively, and w 1+ w 2=1, q i is the actual water output of the i th zone.

[0101] (2) Greedy initialization of water pressure distribution scheme: First, without considering the differences between zones, calculate the average water pressure H avg required to meet the total sum of ideal water output of all zones. H avg = ( H i,min + H i,max ) / 2 as the initial average reference.

[0102] Based on H avg , according to the ratio of the ideal water output Q i of each zone to the average ideal water output , fine-tune H avg to obtain the initial water pressure of each zone.

[0103] wherein, α is an adjustment coefficient, which can be in the range of [0, 0.5], adjusted according to actual conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that H i,min ≤ ≤ H i,max .

[0104] (3) Local search optimization of water pressure distribution scheme: For the current water pressure distribution scheme H 1, H 2,⋯, H n , its neighborhood is defined as the new scheme set obtained by making a small adjustment (increasing or decreasing a fixed step size Δ H , Δ H can be set according to the water pressure accuracy requirement, such as 0.1) to one or more water pressure values of one or more zones.

[0105] From the initial water pressure distribution scheme Start.

[0106] Generate the neighborhood of the current scheme, calculate the objective function value of each new scheme in the neighborhood.

[0107] Select the neighborhood scheme with the smallest objective function value as the new current scheme.

[0108] Repeat the above process of generating neighborhoods and selecting the optimal neighborhood scheme until the objective function value no longer significantly decreases in consecutive iterations (a threshold value can be set , when the change of the objective function value between two iterations is less than , stop), or reach the preset maximum number of iterations max . iter .

[0109] (4) Output the water pressure optimization calculation result: After local search optimization, the water pressure distribution scheme with the smallest objective function value is the water pressure optimization calculation result.

[0110] According to the water pressure optimization calculation result, the intelligent control system generates control instructions for each partition water control solenoid valve. When the water pressure of a certain partition is lower than the optimal value, the system issues an instruction to open the partition water control solenoid valve, and determines the valve opening according to the water pressure difference; when the water pressure reaches or exceeds the optimal value, the system issues an instruction to close or reduce the valve opening, to accurately control the irrigation water entering the partition.

[0111] The intelligent control system comprehensively considers the water demand and water pressure of each partition, and adjusts the control parameters of the water delivery pump station frequency converter in real time. If most partitions need to increase water supply, the system will increase the output frequency of the frequency converter, so that the water pump speed increases, thereby increasing the water delivery pressure; conversely, if the water demand decreases, the system will reduce the output frequency of the frequency converter, reduce the water pump speed, and reduce the water delivery pressure, to realize precise distribution and energy-saving operation of irrigation water.

[0112] After receiving the control instructions from the intelligent control system, the partition water control solenoid valve controls the opening and closing and opening of the valve through the electromagnetic driving mechanism. The solenoid valve adopts a fast response design, which can accurately execute the control instructions in a short time, ensuring that irrigation water can be timely and accurately delivered to each planting partition.

[0113] The frequency converter of the water delivery pump station changes the output frequency according to the adjustment instructions from the intelligent control system, thereby adjusting the speed of the water pump motor. The frequency converter has high-precision control performance and fast dynamic response capability, and can adjust the water delivery pressure in real time according to the actual demand, to ensure the stability of the water supply pipe network pressure and the water demand of each partition.

[0114] After the partition water control solenoid valve and the water pump station frequency converter execute the action, the actual running state information (such as the opening of the valve, the rotating speed of the water pump, etc.) will be fed back to the intelligent control system. At the same time, the pipeline pressure sensor and the flow meter continue to monitor the water pressure and the water output of each partition in real time, and continuously transmit the data to the system. The intelligent control system dynamically adjusts the control strategy according to the real-time feedback data. If it is found that the actual water pressure of a certain partition deviates from the optimal value, or the water output does not meet the expectation, the system will re-calculate the water pressure optimization and generate new control instructions to adjust the opening of the partition water control solenoid valve and the output frequency of the water pump station frequency converter, to ensure that the precise distribution of irrigation water always meets the growth needs of tea trees.

[0115] The present application ensures sufficient supply and cleanliness of irrigation water through pressurization treatment of the head power equipment and multi-stage purification of the filtration system. The precise design of the pipe network system and the drip-irrigation combined irrigation method enable irrigation water to be directly delivered to the vicinity of tea tree roots, avoiding surface evaporation and deep seepage problems, and significantly improving irrigation efficiency. The use of low-hill tail water as an irrigation water source realizes water resource recycling and conservation. At the same time, the drip-irrigation combined irrigation method reduces water waste, enabling limited water resources to be more reasonably utilized. Precise irrigation management meets the water needs of tea trees at different growth stages, promoting the healthy growth and high yield of tea trees. Avoiding the problems of tea quality decline and yield reduction caused by water shortage or excessive water. The automated and intelligent irrigation management system reduces the need for manual operation and reduces labor costs. At the same time, the drip-irrigation combined irrigation method reduces pipe blockage and maintenance frequency, reducing maintenance costs. By reducing surface runoff and nutrient loss, the risk of pollution to surrounding water bodies and soil is reduced. At the same time, the reuse of tail water also reduces the negative impact of wastewater discharge on the environment, which is conducive to maintaining the ecological balance and sustainable development of the tea garden.

[0116] In some embodiments, the fertilization system is a core component of the hilly and mountainous tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system, as shown in Figure 3 , mainly composed of at least one fertilizer machine, a plurality of raw liquid tanks and a fertilizer pipe network. The system realizes the balanced supply of various nutrients required for tea tree growth through scientific proportioning and precise delivery, while taking into account the needs of pest control.

[0117] The fertilizer pipe network is connected to the at least one fertilizer machine, and the input end of the at least one fertilizer machine is connected to the outlet end of the plurality of raw liquid tanks. Figure 3 Taking three fertilizer machines as an example, including a first fertilizer machine 15, a second fertilizer machine 16 and a third fertilizer machine 17.

[0118] The fertilizer applicator is the power and control center of the fertilization system, responsible for mixing various fertilizers and pesticides in the stock solution tanks according to the proportion, and delivering them to the irrigation subareas of the tea garden through the fertilization pipe network. Each fertilizer applicator has five-way injection fertilizer proportioning channels and one-way mixing control pipelines, which can handle multiple fertilizers and pesticides at the same time.

[0119] The stock solution tank is used to store various types of fertilizer and pesticide stock solutions, which are divided into five categories according to their functions: The first stock solution tank 19 stores calcium salts, which are used to supplement the calcium elements required for the growth of tea trees.

[0120] The second stock solution tank 20 stores non-calcium salts, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other macroelement fertilizers.

[0121] The third stock solution tank 21 stores trace elements, such as iron, zinc, and boron, to meet the needs of tea trees for trace elements.

[0122] The fourth stock solution tank 22 stores pH adjusters, which are used to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the fertilizer solution, ensuring that the tea tree roots are in an appropriate growing environment.

[0123] The fifth stock solution tank 23 stores pesticides, which are used for pest control to ensure the healthy growth of tea trees.

[0124] The volume of the stock solution tank is set according to the size of the tea garden and the fertilizer demand, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the fertilization system.

[0125] The fertilization pipe network is the channel connecting the fertilizer applicator and various planting subareas of the tea garden, responsible for accurately delivering the mixed custom fertilizer solution to the tea tree roots. The fertilization pipe network is combined with the pipe network system, using a combination of dripping and infiltration, to deliver the fertilizer solution directly to the vicinity of the tea tree roots through capillary tubes and root irrigation pipes, improving fertilizer utilization and reducing nutrient loss.

[0126] The working mode of the fertilization system is based on the decision of the intelligent control system, dynamically adjusting the proportion of fertilizers and pesticides and the amount of fertilization according to the growth stage of tea trees, soil nutrient conditions, and pest occurrence. The specific working mode is as follows: The intelligent control system calls the fertilization decision model according to the growth needs of tea trees and soil nutrient conditions to determine the proportion of various fertilizers and pesticides. The fertilizer applicator draws the fertilizer and pesticide stock solution from each stock solution tank according to the proportion, and mixes it thoroughly in the mixing control pipeline to form the custom fertilizer solution that meets the requirements. The mixed custom fertilizer solution is delivered to various planting subareas of the tea garden through the fertilization pipe network. According to the topographic elevation difference and water pressure optimization results, the intelligent control system accurately controls the opening and closing of each subarea pipe network through the subarea fertilization control solenoid valve, ensuring that the fertilizer solution is uniformly and efficiently delivered to the tea tree roots. The combination of dripping and infiltration is used to directly drip the fertilizer solution into the soil near the tea tree roots through capillary tubes and root irrigation pipes, improving fertilizer utilization.

[0127] The fertilization system is equipped with remote monitoring function, and the management personnel can view the running state, fertilizer liquid concentration and pH value and other parameters of the fertilization machine in real time through computer terminal or mobile phone terminal. According to the actual situation, the management personnel can remotely adjust the fertilizer ratio and fertilization amount, so that the accurate operation of the fertilization system is ensured.

[0128] The fertilization system ensures the balanced supply of various nutrients required for the growth of tea trees through scientific proportioning and accurate delivery. The fertilization method combining dripping and infiltration directly delivers the fertilizer liquid to the soil near the tea tree roots, reduces nutrient loss and surface evaporation problems, and significantly improves fertilizer utilization rate. The automated and intelligent fertilization management system reduces the need for manual operation and reduces labor costs. The management personnel only need to remotely monitor and adjust the running state of the fertilization system through the computer terminal or mobile phone terminal, which improves work efficiency. Precise fertilization management meets the needs of tea trees in different growth stages, promotes the healthy growth and high yield of tea trees, and avoids the problems of reduced tea quality and yield caused by insufficient or excessive nutrients. At the same time, reasonable pesticide ratio and application also effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests, and ensure the healthy growth of tea trees. The fertilization method combining dripping and infiltration reduces nutrient loss and surface runoff problems, and reduces the pollution risk to the surrounding water and soil. At the same time, reasonable pesticide ratio and application also reduce the negative impact of pesticide residues on the environment, which is conducive to maintaining the ecological balance and sustainable development of the tea garden. The fertilization system can dynamically adjust the fertilizer ratio and fertilization amount according to different tea varieties, growth stages and soil conditions through the decision support of the intelligent control system. This flexibility and adaptability enable the fertilization system to cope with various complex and variable tea garden environments, ensuring the sustained and healthy growth of tea trees.

[0129] In some embodiments, the filtration system is mainly used to purify the irrigation water source, prevent impurities from blocking the pipeline and sprinkler, and ensure the stable operation of the system. The system includes a sand filter 4, a backwashing filter 5 and a water softening device 9. The sand filter 4 is used for primary filtration to remove suspended matter (such as silt, algae and organic debris) with a diameter of ≥0.5mm in the water source to prevent it from entering the subsequent pipeline and causing blockage. The water inlet end is connected to the first power device, and the water outlet end is connected to the backwashing filter 5. The backwashing filter 5 is used for secondary filtration to further remove small particles (such as fine sand, rust and colloids) with a diameter of ≥20μm in the water to improve water purity. The water inlet end is connected to the sand filter 4, and the water outlet end is connected to the water storage system 6.

[0130] The water storage system 6 is used for temporary storage of filtered water, and the water inlet end is connected to the backwashing filter 5, and the water outlet end is connected to the water softening device 9. A soft water device 9 is used for water quality softening, removes calcium and magnesium ions in water by ion exchange technology, reduces water hardness, prevents hard water from scaling in pipes and emitters, and affects system life. The water inlet end is connected to the water storage system 6, and the water outlet end is connected to the irrigation pipe network.

[0131] The irrigation and fertilization system also includes a fertilization working mode; The fertilization working mode is that the tail water source 1 in the low hilly area is pressurized by the first power device, sequentially passes through the sand filter 4 and the backwashing filter 5 for double purification, enters the water storage system 6 for temporary storage, and then is treated by the soft water device 9. The fertilization machine absorbs the fertilizer mother liquor in each original liquid tank according to the set proportion, mixes to form a customized fertilizer liquid, and then is delivered to the specified tea tree planting area 28 through the fertilization pipe network. The specific process is as follows: The tail water source is pressurized to 0.2-0.6 MPa by the first power device (the first variable frequency water pump 3), enters the sand filter 4, and removes large particle suspended solids. The filtered water flows into the backwashing filter 5, further removes small particles, and then is temporarily stored in the water storage system 6. The water in the water storage system 6 is softened by the soft water device 9 to reduce the content of calcium and magnesium ions and prevent subsequent pipe scaling. The fertilization machine absorbs the fertilizer mother liquor from each original liquid tank (calcium salt, non-calcium salt, trace element, pH regulator, pesticide) in proportion, mixes with the softened water to form a customized fertilizer liquid that meets the needs of tea trees. The fertilizer liquid is delivered to the specified area through the fertilization pipe network, combined with the drip and infiltration irrigation method (root irrigation pipe + capillary tube), and directly dripped into the soil near the tea tree roots.

[0132] The present application removes large particle impurities through the sand filter 4, removes small particles through the backwashing filter 5, prevents scaling through the soft water device 9, forms a complete protection chain of coarse filtration-precision filtration-softening, and significantly reduces the risk of pipe and emitter blockage. The water hardness is reduced by the soft water device 9 to ensure uniform delivery of the fertilizer liquid and reduce nutrient loss. The fertilization machine dynamically adjusts the fertilizer ratio according to the growth stage of tea trees (such as high nitrogen requirement during the sprouting period) to reduce the concentration error of the fertilizer liquid. The backwashing filter 5 automatically backwashes at regular intervals, and the soft water device 9 automatically regenerates to reduce the need for manual inspection and operation. Through filtration and softening treatment, organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the tail water are effectively utilized to reduce pollution to water bodies caused by direct discharge. The drip and infiltration irrigation method allows nutrients to directly enter the tea tree roots, reducing the amount of surface runoff nutrient loss. Through the synergistic effect of the filtration system and the fertilization working mode, the tea garden in the low hilly area realizes efficient, precise and sustainable water and fertilizer management.

[0133] The irrigation system also includes: A water supply pipe 2 connects the tail water source 1 in the low hilly area and the first variable frequency water pump 3. A water storage system 6 is used for temporarily storing filtered water, and the water inlet end is connected to the backwashing filter 5, and the water outlet end is connected to the soft water device 9. A total control water electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged on the irrigation main pipe 24 and used for controlling the total switch of the irrigation system. A water storage electromagnetic valve 8 is arranged on the water outlet pipeline of the water storage system 6 and used for controlling the water outlet of the water storage system 6. A second variable frequency pump 10 is used for secondary pressurization, the water inlet end of which is connected with the soft water equipment 9, and the water outlet end of which is connected with the irrigation main pipe 24. An irrigation control water electromagnetic valve 11 is arranged on the partition irrigation pipe (including the first partition irrigation pipe 25, the second partition irrigation pipe 26 and the third partition irrigation pipe 27) and used for controlling the irrigation switch of each partition. The irrigation main pipe 24 is used for conveying irrigation water, the water inlet end of which is connected with the second variable frequency pump 10, and the water outlet end of which is connected with the pipe network system. The first partition irrigation pipe 25, the second partition irrigation pipe 26 and the third partition irrigation pipe 27 are respectively connected with each tea tree planting partition 28 and used for partition irrigation. A plurality of partition total control fertilizer electromagnetic valves are taken as an example of three partitions, including the first partition total control fertilizer electromagnetic valve 12, the second partition total control fertilizer electromagnetic valve 13 and the third partition total control fertilizer electromagnetic valve 14, which are respectively arranged on the first partition irrigation pipe 25, the second partition irrigation pipe 26 and the third partition irrigation pipe 27 and used for controlling the opening and closing of each irrigation pipe. The raw liquid barrel water supplement pipeline 18 has the water inlet end connected with each raw liquid barrel (i.e. Figure 3 The first raw liquid barrel 19, the second raw liquid barrel 20, the third raw liquid barrel 21, the fourth raw liquid barrel 22 and the fifth raw liquid barrel 23) and the water outlet end connected with the fertilizer applicator. As shown in Figure 4 The water storage system 6 includes the water inlet pipeline 601, the check valve 602, the barrel water inlet pipeline 603, the remote control floating ball valve 604, the floating ball guide valve 605, a plurality of water storage barrels 606, the drainage control valve 607, the drainage pipeline 608 and the water outlet pipeline 609. The water storage system 6 is provided with a plurality of water storage barrels 606 or water pools, and can be directly connected with underground wells.

[0134] The barrel water inlet pipeline 603 of each water storage barrel 606 is connected with the water inlet pipeline 601, the water inlet pipeline 601 is provided with the check valve 602, the barrel water inlet pipeline 603 is provided with the remote control floating ball valve 604 and used for automatically controlling the water inlet; the floating ball guide valve 605 is arranged in the water storage barrel 606, the bottom of each water storage barrel 606 is connected to the drainage pipeline 608 through the water outlet pipeline 609; the drainage control valve 607 is arranged on the drainage pipeline 608 and used for cleaning the drainage.

[0135] The irrigation system further includes a field line, which is mainly composed of optical fibers and power supply lines, and is laid underground to connect each electromagnetic valve and sensor and form a control line network.

[0136] In some embodiments, the fertilizer applicator is the core execution unit of the hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system, responsible for accurately dispensing fertilizer mother liquor and delivering it to the irrigation pipe network. Each fertilizer applicator is equipped with five injection type fertilizer proportioning channels and one mixed control pipeline. The five injection type fertilizer proportioning channels are independently connected to five original liquid tanks (such as calcium salt, non-calcium salt, trace elements, pH adjuster, pesticide), and the suction amount of fertilizer mother liquor in each channel is accurately controlled through solenoid valves and flow meters. According to the growth stage of tea trees (such as high nitrogen in the budding stage and high potassium in the picking stage), the fertilizer proportioning is dynamically adjusted to achieve flexible dispensing of one machine with multiple tanks. One mixed control pipeline fully stirs the five fertilizer mother liquors with softened water in the mixing chamber to form a uniform custom fertilizer solution, avoiding precipitation or stratification.

[0137] Each fertilizer applicator is equipped with a concentration (EC) sensor and a pH sensor. The EC sensor monitors the fertilizer solution conductivity in real time, reflecting the nutrient concentration, ensuring that the amount of fertilizer meets the preset value. The pH sensor monitors the acidity and alkalinity of the fertilizer solution to prevent pH imbalance (such as excessive acidity causing tea root damage) affecting absorption efficiency. The monitoring data is uploaded to the intelligent control system through the wireless module, triggering automatic adjustment instructions The fertilizer applicator is built-in programmable fertilizer controller, supporting setting of fertilizer parameters and customizing of fertilizer control mode. The programmable fertilizer controller supports users to set fertilizer parameters (such as concentration, duration, cycle) through computer or mobile phone, and customize the fertilizer control mode (such as pulse type, continuous type).

[0138] The total amount of fertilizer is less than 20 m 3 / h, and each fertilizer applicator is equipped with a fertilizer power pump to provide power for fertilizer solution delivery, ensuring that the fertilizer solution overcomes the pipe resistance and is stably delivered to the designated partition to ensure remote transmission of the fertilizer.

[0139] Users input tea variety, growth stage, target yield, etc. parameters, and the intelligent control system calls the fertilizer decision model to generate an initial fertilizer scheme (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 3:1:2). The five channels proportionally suck in the fertilizer mother liquor from the original liquid tank, and the concentration sensor monitors the EC value of the mixed solution in real time, and automatically closes the corresponding channel when the set value is reached. If the pH of the mixed solution deviates from the target range (such as 5.5-6.5), the system automatically injects pH adjuster (such as sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid), and the pH sensor feedbacks the adjustment result. The fertilizer power pump pressurizes the custom fertilizer solution to 0.3-0.5 MPa, which is delivered to the partition solenoid valve through the fertilizer pipe network, combined with the drip and infiltration irrigation method (root irrigation pipe + capillary tube) to directly drip into the tea tree roots. During the fertilization process, the EC / pH sensor continuously monitors the quality of the fertilizer solution, and if an abnormality occurs (such as EC fluctuation >10%), the system immediately stops fertilization and alarms.

[0140] The application reduces the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium matching error through five-way channel independent control, avoids soil acidification or alkalization through real-time pH adjustment, reduces the incidence of tea tree diseases, and improves the appearance of tea leaves. The programmable controller replaces manual fertilizer mixing, shortens the operation time of single fertilization, and reduces labor costs. The fertilization decision model dynamically adjusts the scheme based on environmental and soil data to avoid excessive or insufficient fertilization due to insufficient experience. Moreover, the five-way channel supports flexible switching of different fertilizer types (such as liquid fertilizer and solid dissolved fertilizer) to adapt to the fertilization needs of different tea gardens.

[0141] In some embodiments, the pipe network system is the core conveying unit of the hilly and mountainous tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system, which realizes accurate water and fertilizer delivery through hierarchical water supply design and drip and infiltration combination technology. Referring to Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the pipe network system includes a main pipe buried below a predetermined distance (such as 60 cm) from the ground surface, a branch pipe connected to the main pipe, a branch pipe connected to the branch pipe, a capillary connected to the capillary through a flow stabilizer, and a root irrigation pipe connected to the capillary.

[0142] The main pipe adopts DN90-DN110mm PVC pipe, which is responsible for delivering water from the water source (water storage tank / water well) to each branch pipe. The branch pipe connects the main pipe and the branch pipe, adopts DN63-DN75mm PPR pipe, and divides the irrigation area according to the terrain difference (such as 5 mu per area). The branch pipe is laid in the middle of the tea tree cultivation row and is fixed to the lower part of the tea tree body, adopts DN32-DN40mm PE pipe, and one branch pipe is laid for each row of tea trees with a spacing of 1.5-2.0m. The capillary is connected to the branch pipe through a detachable live joint, adopts DN16-DN20mm micro-spraying tape, and the single length is 50m. Each capillary controls 150 water distributors (drip arrows). The capillary (DN4mm) is connected to the capillary through a flow stabilizer and inserted into the root irrigation pipe to realize direct water and fertilizer dripping into the tea tree roots. The branch pipe, capillary, capillary and root irrigation pipe in the pipe network system form the field irrigation pipe network, which is responsible for delivering water and fertilizer directly to the tea tree roots.

[0143] The pipe network system adopts hierarchical water supply design, the main pipe has the largest diameter, the branch pipe is second, and the branch pipe and the capillary are sequentially decreased. The detachable live joint is used between the pipes at each level. The branch pipe and the branch pipe, and the capillary and the branch pipe use quick connectors, which are convenient for maintenance and replacement, and have short single disassembly time. The flow stabilizer is installed at the connection between the capillary and the capillary to stabilize the water pressure and ensure the uniformity of the drip arrow flow.

[0144] The hierarchical water supply logic is: according to the terrain slope and irrigation demand, the pipe diameter and length of each level are calculated. For example, the main pipe design flow is 30 m³ / h, the branch pipe is 20 m³ / h, the branch pipe is 5 m³ / h, and the capillary pipe is 0.6 m³ / h. The frequency conversion submersible pump and electromagnetic valve control the main pipe pressure (0.4-0.6 MPa), the branch pipe pressure (0.2-0.3 MPa), and ensures that the end of the drop arrow water pressure is stable at 0.1-0.15 MPa.

[0145] The water supply process is: low hilly area tail water source 1 (water storage tank / water well) → first variable frequency water pump 3 → sand filter 4 → backwash filter 5 → water storage system 6 → soft water equipment 9 → second variable frequency water pump 10 → irrigation main pipe 24 → main pipe → branch pipe → branch pipe → capillary pipe → capillary pipe → root irrigation pipe → tea tree root. The filtration system removes impurities (such as silt and organic matter) in the water to prevent pipe blockage; the water storage system 6 balances water supply fluctuations to ensure continuous irrigation.

[0146] The water and fertilizer delivery logic is: the fertilizer machine draws fertilizer mother liquor from the original liquid tank (calcium salt, non-calcium salt, trace elements, etc.), mixes it in proportion to form customized fertilizer liquid. The customized fertilizer liquid is delivered to each tea tree planting subarea 28 through the main pipe, and the subarea total control fertilizer electromagnetic valve is used to realize on-demand distribution, for example, when the nitrogen requirement of A area is high, the A area control fertilizer electromagnetic valve is preferentially opened.

[0147] The drop arrow drips water and fertilizer into the root irrigation pipe, which penetrates into the soil through the small holes on the side wall of the capillary pipe, avoiding surface evaporation and nutrient flushing. The root irrigation pipe is buried 20-30 cm deep and 10-15 cm away from the tea tree roots, ensuring that water and fertilizer reach the absorption area directly.

[0148] The present application greatly improves the efficiency of irrigation water use by hierarchical design of pipes and underground root irrigation pipe layout, significantly reducing surface runoff and evaporation loss; at the same time, nutrients are directly delivered to the vicinity of tea tree roots, improving fertilizer uptake and reducing the risk of loss caused by excessive fertilization. The automatic control system realizes unattended operation of irrigation and fertilization through the linkage of electromagnetic valves and sensors, greatly reducing labor input; the pipeline is designed to be buried underground, avoiding the aging and clogging problems of traditional surface drip irrigation pipes, prolonging the service life and reducing long-term maintenance costs. Precise water and fertilizer supply promotes the healthy growth of tea trees, significantly increasing the content of effective ingredients in tea leaves and achieving green food standards in product quality; at the same time, the system ensures balanced supply of water and fertilizer for tea trees in drought or rainy seasons through pressure regulation and subarea management, enhances the risk resistance and stabilizes the annual output. The drip irrigation technology reduces the nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants carried by surface runoff, reducing the eutrophication threat to surrounding water bodies. The underground irrigation method avoids soil surface compaction, promotes soil organic matter accumulation and water retention capacity, and promotes the sustainable development of tea garden ecosystem.

[0149] In some embodiments, the root irrigation pipe is a key component of the field irrigation pipe network, referring to Figure 6 As shown in the drawings, it is mainly composed of two parts: pipe body and dust cover. The pipe body is the main part of the root irrigation pipe, which undertakes the important task of transporting water and fertilizer solution. The lower end of the pipe body is designed with a conical head. This special structure has multiple functions. On the one hand, the conical head facilitates the insertion of the root irrigation pipe into the soil in the tea garden, reducing the resistance during insertion and making the installation process easier and more efficient. On the other hand, the conical structure helps the root irrigation pipe to remain stable in the soil, avoiding tilting or displacement due to soil pressure or external forces, ensuring that water and fertilizer can be accurately delivered to the vicinity of the tea tree roots.

[0150] The pipe body has a water inlet hole above the ground for installing the drip arrow. The pipe body above the conical head is uniformly provided with multiple water seepage holes. These water seepage holes are the channels for water and fertilizer to seep out, and their uniform distribution ensures that water and fertilizer can seep evenly from different positions of the pipe body into the surrounding soil, allowing the tea tree roots to absorb water and nutrients evenly. Specifically, 2-5mm diameter water seepage holes can be uniformly punched on the pipe body starting 5cm away from the conical head for water and fertilizer to seep out. The distance between the water seepage holes is 10-20cm to prevent dust from entering, and the drip arrow is inserted into the root irrigation pipe through the small holes on the side. The root irrigation pipe can be pulled out for maintenance and cleaning according to the use and blockage, and can be used multiple times The dust cover is arranged at the upper end of the pipe body and mainly plays a protective role for the inside of the pipe body. During non-irrigation periods, the dust cover can effectively prevent dust, debris and other foreign matter from entering the inside of the pipe body, avoiding blockage of the water seepage holes and ensuring that the root irrigation pipe can work normally during irrigation. At the same time, the dust cover can also reduce the pollution of external factors to the inside of the pipe body, prolonging the service life of the root irrigation pipe.

[0151] The conical head and the uniformly distributed water seepage holes of the root irrigation pipe enable water and fertilizer to be accurately delivered to the soil around the tea tree roots. This local irrigation and fertilization method reduces water and nutrient waste and improves water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. Compared with traditional ground irrigation and fertilization methods, it can more directly meet the growth needs of tea tree roots and promote the healthy growth of tea trees. Since water and fertilizer seep slowly into the soil through the water seepage holes, direct flushing of the soil surface by water flow in traditional irrigation methods is avoided, thereby reducing the occurrence of soil compaction. Good soil structure is conducive to the respiration and growth of tea tree roots, improving the soil's water and nutrient retention capacity. The design of the conical head makes the root irrigation pipe easy to install, reducing construction difficulty and cost. The arrangement of the dust cover facilitates the daily maintenance of the root irrigation pipe. When the inside of the pipe body needs to be checked or cleaned, the dust cover can be opened for operation, improving maintenance efficiency.

[0152] In some embodiments, the root irrigation pipe is made of PVC, PPR or PE material.

[0153] The low-hill tea garden water and fertilizer intelligent control of the application adopts tail water in low-hill areas as the water source, and adjusts the fertilizer management mode according to the nutrient state of the water quality. In the low-hill tea garden planting area, according to different terrains and height differences, the area is divided into several irrigation subareas, and according to the tea tree cultivation spacing and the tea tree growth management requirements, the root irrigation pipe of the application is inserted at the corresponding position in each irrigation subarea, a flow stabilizer is installed at the corresponding position of the branch pipe, and the capillary tube is connected to the flow stabilizer, the capillary tube is inserted into the root irrigation pipe, and through water and fertilizer management, the water and fertilizer is directly dropped into the root irrigation pipe and enters the underground tea tree root part, directly supplying the tree growth requirements and improving the water and fertilizer utilization rate. More importantly, it prevents rainwater from washing away, reduces the dilution and washing of surface nutrients to low-lying ponds or rivers, and causes non-point source pollution. The field irrigation method combining dripping and infiltration greatly reduces the problems of high cost of traditional drip irrigation aging and replacement, and also reduces the problems of underground blockage of traditional infiltration pipes which are not easy to find and maintain, greatly saving the labor cost and pipeline cost, saving the time of field management operation, and completely changing the mode of traditional planting area irrigation and fertilization which is time-consuming and labor-intensive and complicated to operate. The above low-hill tea garden water and fertilizer intelligent control provides a more efficient, economical, accurate and reasonable centralized water and fertilizer comprehensive management pipe network layout, solves the problems of pipe network layout and traditional water and fertilizer management failure in large-area complex terrain cultivation tea gardens, and has low overall maintenance and management cost. According to the water and fertilizer requirements of different tree ages and growth stages of the tea garden, various modes such as separate irrigation, separate or simultaneous fertilization of the tea tree are realized, the flexibility of water and fertilizer management of different terrains and different tree ages is improved, automatic management and remote intelligent control are adopted, manpower and pipeline cost are saved, and labor efficiency is improved. The application provides a new mode for water and fertilizer comprehensive management of southern mountainous and hilly tea gardens.

[0154] The hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management method provided by the application will be described below, and the hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management method described below can be correspondingly referred to the hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management system described above.

[0155] The hilly tea garden water and fertilizer pipe network layout and intelligent management method provided by the application comprises: The monitoring system collects the environmental data and soil data of the planting subarea in real time and feeds back to the intelligent control system; The tea tree fertilization decision model built in the intelligent control system is called, the environmental data, soil data, tea tree growth stage and target yield are input into the tea tree fertilization decision model, the output control instruction is obtained and output to the irrigation and fertilization system, and the control instruction at least includes irrigation amount, fertilization ratio scheme and irrigation cycle; The irrigation system controls the opening time and flow of each subarea irrigation valve according to the irrigation amount and irrigation cycle, and delivers irrigation water to the tea tree planting subarea 28 through the pipe network system; and the fertilization system automatically adjusts the proportion of each fertilizer mother liquor according to the fertilization matching scheme, and delivers the prepared customized fertilizer liquid to the tea tree planting subarea 28 through the pipe network system.

[0156] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand from the above description of the embodiments that the embodiments can be realized by means of software and necessary general hardware platforms, and of course, can also be realized by hardware. Based on such understanding, the above technical solutions, essentially or in the sense of contribution to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as a ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes a plurality of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0157] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for some technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for tea gardens in hilly and mountainous areas, characterized in that, include: The monitoring system is used to collect environmental and soil data of the planting zones in real time and feed them back to the intelligent control system; the tea garden is divided into several planting zones. The intelligent control system is communicatively connected to the irrigation and fertilization system and the monitoring system. The intelligent control system has a built-in tea tree fertilization decision model. The input of the tea tree fertilization decision model includes environmental data, soil data, tea tree growth stage and target yield. The output is a control command, which includes at least the irrigation amount, fertilization ratio scheme and irrigation cycle. The intelligent control system is used to output control commands to the irrigation and fertilization system. A drip-infiltration combined pipeline system is connected to the irrigation and fertilization system to deliver irrigation water and prepared customized fertilizer solution to the tea tree planting area. The irrigation and fertilization system includes an irrigation system and a fertilization system, both of which are connected to the pipeline network system. The irrigation system is used to control the opening time and flow rate of the irrigation valves in each zone according to the irrigation volume and irrigation cycle, and to transport the irrigation water to the tea tree planting zone through the pipeline network system. The fertilization system is used to automatically adjust the proportion of each fertilizer stock solution according to the fertilization ratio scheme, and to transport the prepared customized fertilizer solution to the tea tree planting zone through the pipeline network system.

2. The water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for hilly and mountainous tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring system includes an environmental data acquisition module and a soil data acquisition module; The environmental data acquisition module is used to acquire environmental data of the planting area in real time. The environmental data includes at least temperature, humidity, and light intensity. The soil data acquisition module is used to detect soil data in real time, and the environmental data includes at least soil moisture content, soil nutrient content and soil bulk density.

3. The water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for hilly and mountainous tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The irrigation system includes a head power unit and a filtration system connected in sequence; The irrigation and fertilization system includes an irrigation working mode in which the tailwater source in the low hilly area is pressurized by the head power equipment, enters the filtration system for multi-stage purification treatment, and is then transported to the pipeline system. The activation conditions for the irrigation working mode are as follows: When the monitoring system detects that the soil moisture content is lower than the set threshold, the intelligent control system automatically starts the irrigation pump; Based on the optimization results of the terrain elevation difference and water pressure of each zone, the opening and closing of the pipe network of each zone is controlled by the zone control solenoid valve; A pipeline system is used to deliver irrigation water directly to the roots of the tea trees.

4. The water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for hilly and mountainous tea gardens according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fertilization system includes at least one fertilizer applicator, multiple liquid tanks, and a fertilizer pipeline network; The fertilizer application network is connected to the at least one fertilizer applicator, and the input end of the at least one fertilizer applicator is connected to the outlet end of the plurality of raw material tanks; The plurality of stock solution tanks include: a first stock solution tank for storing calcium salts, a second stock solution tank for storing non-calcium salts, a third stock solution tank for storing trace elements, a fourth stock solution tank for storing pH adjusters, and a fifth stock solution tank for storing pesticides.

5. The water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for hilly and mountainous tea gardens according to claim 4, characterized in that, The filtration system includes a sand filter, a backwash filter, and a water softener. A sand filter is used for primary filtration. Its inlet end is connected to the head power unit, and its outlet end is connected to a backwash filter. Backwash filter, used for secondary filtration, with its inlet end connected to a sand filter and its outlet end connected to a water storage system; The water storage system is used to temporarily store filtered water. Its inlet end is connected to the backwash filter, and its outlet end is connected to the water softener. Water softening equipment is used to soften water; its inlet is connected to a water storage system. The irrigation and fertilization system also includes a fertilization operation mode; The fertilization process involves pressurizing the tailwater from the low hilly mountain area through the head power equipment, then passing it through a sand and gravel filter and a backwash filter for dual purification before entering the water storage system for temporary storage. After being treated by a water softening device, the fertilizer applicator draws fertilizer mother liquor from each stock tank according to a set ratio, mixes it to form a customized fertilizer solution, and then transports it to the designated tea tree planting area through the fertilization pipeline network.

6. The water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for hilly and mountainous tea gardens according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the fertilizer applicators is equipped with five injection-type fertilizer mixing channels and one mixing control pipeline; Each fertilizer applicator is equipped with a concentration sensor and a pH sensor; The fertilizer applicator has a built-in programmable fertilizer controller, which supports setting fertilizer application parameters and customizing fertilizer absorption control modes; The fertilizer applicator is equipped with a fertilizer power pump.

7. The water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for hilly and mountainous tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pipeline system includes a main pipe buried below a predetermined distance from the ground surface, branch pipes connected to the main pipe, branch pipes connected to the branch pipes, capillary pipes connected to the branch pipes, and capillary pipes and root irrigation pipes connected to the capillary pipes through a flow stabilizer. The branch pipe is laid in the middle of the tea tree planting row and fixed to the lower part of the tea tree. The capillary tube is inserted into the root irrigation tube; The pipeline system adopts a tiered water supply design, with the main pipe having the largest diameter, followed by the branch pipes, and then the capillary pipes decreasing in diameter. The pipes at each level are connected by detachable joints.

8. The water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for hilly and mountainous tea gardens according to claim 7, characterized in that, The root irrigation tube includes a tube body and a dust cover, with the dust cover disposed at the upper end of the tube body; The lower end of the pipe is provided with a conical head, and the portion of the pipe above the conical head is provided with a plurality of seepage holes evenly distributed.

9. The water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for hilly and mountainous tea gardens according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The root irrigation tube is made of PVC, PPR or PE material.

10. A method for the layout and intelligent management of water and fertilizer pipeline networks in hilly and mountainous tea gardens, characterized in that, The method of using the water and fertilizer pipeline network layout and intelligent management system for hilly and mountainous tea gardens according to any one of claims 1-9 includes: The monitoring system collects environmental and soil data of the planting areas in real time and feeds them back to the intelligent control system. The intelligent control system calls the tea tree fertilization decision model built in, inputs environmental data, soil data, tea tree growth stage and target yield into the tea tree fertilization decision model, obtains the output control command and outputs it to the irrigation and fertilization system. The control command includes at least irrigation amount, fertilization ratio scheme and irrigation cycle. The irrigation system controls the opening time and flow rate of irrigation valves in each zone according to the irrigation volume and irrigation cycle, and delivers irrigation water to the tea tree planting zone through the pipeline network system; the fertilization system automatically adjusts the proportion of each fertilizer stock solution according to the fertilization ratio plan, and delivers the prepared customized fertilizer solution to the tea tree planting zone through the pipeline network system.

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