Adaptive anti-vibration tool holder structure of five-axis machine spindle end

Abstract

The application provides a self-adaptive anti-vibration tool rest structure of a five-axis equipment spindle head, which comprises a mounting base plate, a spindle arranged on the top of the mounting base plate, a fixed ring fixedly arranged on the front side of the surface of the spindle, a fixed tailstock fixedly arranged on the rear side of the surface of the spindle, and an outer mounting frame annularly fixedly arranged around the fixed ring, and the side of the outer mounting frame close to the fixed tailstock is detachably mounted with the fixed tailstock. The application can realize accurate absorption of multi-directional and multi-intensity vibration of the spindle through the synergistic effect of the damping anti-vibration mechanism and the cross anti-vibration rotary connecting unit, can construct a closed-loop system of real-time monitoring of the vibration state and automatic adjustment of the damping force by relying on the oscillation force detection mechanism, and can prolong the service life of the core components and improve the maintenance efficiency through the front protection of the multiple mechanical anti-vibration units, so as to solve the problems that the traditional damping structure of the spindle tool rest of the existing five-axis equipment can only damp in one direction, the damping force is fixed and cannot adapt to dynamic vibration, and the vibration state lacks quantitative monitoring, resulting in regulation lag.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spindle tool post technology, and more particularly to an adaptive anti-vibration tool post structure for the spindle end of a five-axis machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the operation of five-axis machining equipment, the spindle, as the core moving component, directly determines the machining accuracy, tool life, and equipment reliability. With the increasing demand for precision machining in modern manufacturing (such as aerospace parts, precision molds, and core components of communication equipment), the spindle speed, load, and machining complexity of five-axis equipment are constantly increasing, and the vibration problem generated during spindle operation is becoming increasingly prominent.

[0003] Existing five-axis equipment spindle end tool holder structures mostly adopt a single rigid fixation or simple damping vibration reduction design, which has the following key technical pain points:

[0004] Vibration sources are complex and difficult to suppress completely: Spindle vibration not only comes from centrifugal force generated by its own high-speed rotation and tool cutting load fluctuations, but also from equipment base resonance and impact vibration caused by transmission system clearance. A single damping structure cannot cover multi-dimensional and multi-frequency vibration types, resulting in limited damping effect.

[0005] Vibration damping parameters cannot be adaptively adjusted: The damping force of traditional damping vibration damping structures is fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to real-time vibration intensity and frequency changes. When the vibration intensity increases sharply, the fixed damping force may not be able to effectively absorb the impact force; when the vibration intensity is weak, the excessive damping force may affect the flexibility of the spindle and even cause secondary vibration.

[0006] Lack of real-time monitoring and feedback of vibration status: The existing structure does not have an effective vibration detection mechanism, making it impossible to quantify the vibration transmission intensity between the spindle and the tool holder. This makes it difficult for technicians to judge the vibration reduction effect, optimize the vibration reduction parameters, and provide early warning of equipment failures caused by vibration overload. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive vibration-damping tool holder structure for the spindle end of a five-axis machine. This structure can accurately absorb multi-directional and multi-intensity vibrations of the spindle through the synergistic effect of a damping and anti-vibration mechanism and a cross-vibration-damping rotary connection unit. It can also build a closed-loop system for real-time monitoring of vibration status and automatic adjustment of damping force based on a vibration force detection mechanism. At the same time, it can extend the life of core components and improve maintenance efficiency through the front-end protection of multiple mechanical anti-vibration units. This solves the problems of traditional vibration reduction structures for five-axis machine spindle tool holders, which can only reduce vibration in one direction, have fixed damping forces that cannot adapt to dynamic vibrations, and lack quantitative monitoring of vibration status, resulting in lag in adjustment.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an adaptive anti-vibration tool holder structure for the spindle end of a five-axis equipment, comprising a mounting base, a spindle disposed on the top of the mounting base, a fixing ring fixedly mounted on the front side of the spindle surface, a fixing tailstock fixedly mounted on the rear side of the spindle surface, and an outer mounting bracket fixedly mounted around the fixing ring in an annular shape. The side of the outer mounting bracket closest to the fixing tailstock is detachably mounted to the fixing tailstock. The invention also includes a damping and anti-vibration mechanism disposed on the spindle surface and used to absorb vibration force through damping force.

[0009] The cross-seismic rotating connection unit is installed inside the outer mounting frame and is used to cooperate with the damping seismic mechanism to cross-absorb vibration force;

[0010] The vibration force detection mechanism is located on the rear side of the spindle surface and is used to detect the vibration force transmitted between the spindle and the outer mounting bracket to the mounting base.

[0011] Multiple mechanical vibration damping units are installed on the front side of the spindle surface and are used to absorb multiple mechanical vibration forces.

[0012] Furthermore, the cross-seismic rotating connection unit includes a damping cylinder, a limiting end, a mounting center seat, and a connecting seat. The mounting center seat has four sets distributed in a ring at equal intervals on the waist of the spindle surface. The limiting end has two sets, both of which are rotatably mounted to the mounting center seat via pins. The damping cylinder is slidably mounted on the side of the limiting end away from the mounting center seat. The connecting seat is fixedly connected to the side of the outer mounting bracket near the spindle and is rotatably mounted to the damping cylinder via pins.

[0013] Furthermore, the damping and seismic resisting mechanism includes a piston sleeve rod, a piston block, a damping force adjusting rod, a limiting ring, a damping force adjusting plate, flow holes, a damping force adjusting drive assembly, and a damping cylinder guide assembly. The piston sleeve rod is slidably installed inside the damping cylinder body, and the damping force adjusting rod is rotatably installed inside the piston sleeve rod. The damping force adjusting plate is fixedly connected to both sides of the damping force adjusting rod near the piston block end. The piston block is slidably installed inside the damping cylinder body. The flow holes are opened inside the piston block and are distributed in six groups in a ring at equal intervals. The damping force adjusting plate has a passage inside that cooperates with the flow holes. The damping cylinder is filled with an electromagnetic fluid. The limiting ring is fixedly installed on the surface of the damping force adjusting rod and located at both ends of the piston sleeve rod. The surface of the piston sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve. The end of the piston sleeve rod near the damping cylinder is slidably connected to the damping cylinder. The damping force adjusting drive assembly is located at the end of the piston sleeve rod away from the damping cylinder and is used to drive the damping force adjusting rod to rotate, so that the damping force adjusting rod and the damping force adjusting plate twist synchronously and adjust the gap of the flow hole. The damping cylinder guide assembly is located on the side of the damping cylinder near the limiting end and is used to prevent the damping cylinder from twisting when sliding.

[0014] Furthermore, the damping force adjustment drive assembly includes a servo motor, a fixed frame, a first gear, and a second gear. The fixed frame is fixedly connected to the side of the piston rod away from the damping cylinder body. The servo motor is fixedly connected to the side of the fixed frame away from the damping cylinder body. The output end of the servo motor passes through the fixed frame and is fixedly connected to the second gear. The first gear is fixedly connected to the surface of the damping force adjustment rod near the servo motor. The second gear meshes with the first gear.

[0015] Furthermore, the damping cylinder guide assembly includes a sliding sleeve and a sliding rod. The sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to the limiting end near the damping cylinder body. Two sets of sliding rods are provided and symmetrically installed on both sides of the piston rod and fixedly connected to the damping cylinder body. The end of the sliding rod away from the damping cylinder body slides in cooperation with the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is fixedly installed with the piston rod.

[0016] Furthermore, a sealing ring is fitted on the surface of the piston block, and two sets of sealing rings are provided. The piston block is sealed to the inner wall of the damping cylinder through the sealing rings.

[0017] Furthermore, the vibration force detection mechanism includes a pressure transmission block, a pressure detection plate, a pressure sensor, and a tension sensor. The pressure transmission block is arranged in four groups and is distributed in a ring at equal intervals around the main shaft. The pressure sensor is fixedly embedded inside the pressure transmission block. The pressure detection plate is fixedly connected to the outer mounting bracket on the side near the main shaft and located behind the pressure transmission block. The pressure detection plate performs pressure detection in cooperation with the pressure transmission block through the pressure sensor. The tension sensor is fixedly embedded inside the pressure detection plate, and its detection end is fixedly installed to the main shaft.

[0018] Furthermore, the multiple mechanical seismic isolation unit includes a seismic isolation plate and a combined seismic isolation frame. The seismic isolation plate is provided with three layers, which are distributed in a ring at equal intervals on the outer surface of the main shaft. The combined seismic isolation frame is fixedly connected to the side of the outer mounting frame near the fixed ring and is clearance-fitted with the seismic isolation plate.

[0019] Furthermore, a support waist frame is fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the mounting base, and a clamping reinforcement frame is fixedly connected to the top of the outer mounting frame. The clamping reinforcement frame is threaded with fixing bolts on both sides. The clamping reinforcement frame extends from top to bottom through the clamping reinforcement frame and the outer mounting frame to the interior of the support waist frame and is threadedly fixed to the support waist frame.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention improves the adaptability and stability of spindle vibration absorption through the damping adjustment of the damping and shock-resistant mechanism; improves the coverage and absorption capacity of multi-directional vibration of the spindle through the staggered layout of the cross-shock-resistant rotary connection unit; improves the intelligence and damping accuracy of spindle vibration control through the real-time monitoring of the vibration force detection mechanism; and improves the basic suppression effect of low-frequency vibration of the spindle through the front protection of multiple mechanical shock-resistant units. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a localized explosion;

[0024] Figure 3 This is an axial exploded disassembly diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded half-section structure inside the damping cylinder of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the damping cylinder of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0030] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at point C.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Mounting base plate; 11. Support frame; 2. Spindle; 21. Vibration damping plate; 22. Combined vibration damping frame; 23. Pressure transmission block; 24. Pressure detection plate; 25. Pressure sensor; 26. Tension sensor; 3. External mounting bracket; 31. Fixing ring; 4. Clamping and reinforcing bracket; 41. Fixing bolt; 5. Fixing tailstock; 6. Mounting center seat; 61. Connecting seat; 7. Limiting end; 71. Sliding sleeve; 72. Sliding rod; 8. Damping cylinder; 81. Piston sleeve rod; 811. Servo; 812. Fixing frame; 813. Gear 1; 814. Gear 2; 815. Damping force adjusting rod; 8151. Limiting ring; 816. Damping force adjusting plate; 817. Piston block; 818. Sealing ring; 819. Flow hole. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0034] The adaptive anti-vibration tool holder structure at the spindle end of the five-axis equipment includes a mounting base 1, a spindle 2 disposed on the top of the mounting base 1, a fixing ring 31 fixedly mounted on the front side of the surface of the spindle 2, a fixing tailstock 5 fixedly mounted on the rear side of the surface of the spindle 2, and an outer mounting bracket 3 fixedly mounted around the fixing ring 31 in a ring. The side of the outer mounting bracket 3 closest to the fixing tailstock 5 is detachably mounted to the fixing tailstock 5. It also includes a damping anti-vibration mechanism disposed on the surface of the spindle 2 and used to absorb vibration force through damping force.

[0035] Please see Figures 2 to 9 , Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a localized explosion; Figure 3 This is an axial exploded disassembly diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded half-section structure inside the damping cylinder of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the damping cylinder of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle structure of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at point C.

[0036] A cross-seismic rotating connection unit is installed inside the outer mounting frame 3 and is used to cooperate with the damping seismic damping mechanism to absorb vibration forces in a cross manner. The cross-seismic rotating connection unit includes a damping cylinder 8, a limiting end 7, a mounting center seat 6, and a connecting seat 61. The mounting center seat 6 has four sets of units distributed equidistantly in a ring on the waist of the main shaft 2 surface. The limiting end 7 has two sets of units, both of which are rotatably mounted to the mounting center seat 6 via pins. The damping cylinder 8 is slidably mounted on the side of the limiting end 7 away from the mounting center seat 6. The connecting seat 61 is fixedly connected to the outer mounting frame 3 near the main shaft 2. The damping cylinder 8 is rotatably mounted to the side via a pivot pin. The damping cylinder 8 and the limiting end 7 can be staggered by mounting the mounting base 6 and the connecting base 61 to achieve single-sided double damping and vibration reduction of the main shaft 2. When the main shaft 2 experiences vibration, it can be transmitted to the damping cylinder 8 through the mounting base 6. The damping force of the damping cylinder 8 absorbs the vibration. Subsequently, it can cooperate with the limiting end 7 at the other end of the damping cylinder 8 when it is connected to the connecting base 61 to make the two sets of damping cylinders 8 retract synchronously towards the limiting end 7. During the retraction process, the vibration is absorbed by the damping force inside the damping cylinder 8.

[0037] The damping seismic isolation mechanism includes a piston sleeve 81, a piston block 817, a damping force adjusting rod 815, a limiting ring 8151, a damping force adjusting plate 816, a flow hole 819, a damping force adjusting drive assembly, and a damping cylinder guide assembly. The piston sleeve 81 is slidably installed inside the damping cylinder body 8. The damping force adjusting rod 815 is rotatably installed inside the piston sleeve 81. The damping force adjusting plate 816 is fixedly connected to both sides of the damping force adjusting rod 815 near the piston block 817. The piston block 817 is slidably installed inside the damping cylinder body 8. The flow holes 819 are opened inside the piston block 817 and are arranged in six groups at equal intervals in a ring. The damping force adjusting plate 816 has a part inside that cooperates with the flow holes 819. The damping cylinder 8 is filled with an electromagnetic fluid through a through hole. A limiting ring 8151 is fixedly installed on the surface of the damping force adjusting rod 815 and located at both ends of the piston sleeve rod 81. The surface of the piston sleeve rod 81 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 71. The end of the piston sleeve rod 81 near the damping cylinder 8 is in a sealed sliding connection with the damping cylinder 8. The damping force adjusting drive assembly is located at the end of the piston sleeve rod 81 away from the damping cylinder 8 and is used to drive the damping force adjusting rod 815 to rotate, so that the damping force adjusting rod 815 and the damping force adjusting plate 816 rotate synchronously and adjust the gap of the flow hole 819. The damping cylinder guide assembly is located on the side of the damping cylinder 8 near the limiting end 7 and is used to prevent the damping cylinder 8 from twisting when sliding.

[0038] The piston rod 81 can rotate and limit the damping force adjusting rod 815. The force is transmitted from the mounting seat 6 to the limiting end 7, and then through the guide assembly on the limiting end 7, the damping cylinder 8 stably absorbs the vibration force. After the vibration force is transmitted to the inside of the damping cylinder 8, the damping cylinder 8 retracts towards the limiting end 7. During the retraction of the damping cylinder 8, the electromagnetic fluid inside the damping cylinder 8 can flow through the flow hole 819 in the internal piston block 817, achieving damping and shock absorption. Furthermore, according to pressure requirements, the damping force adjusting drive assembly is activated to drive the damping force adjusting rod 815 to twist. The twisting of the damping force adjusting rod 815 drives the damping force adjusting plate 8. 16. Rotation causes the through holes and flow holes 819 on the damping force adjustment plate 816 to alternate, thereby adjusting the size of the gap and changing the damping force. This allows the speed and pressure of the electromagnetic fluid to be adjusted. The limiting ring 8151 enables the damping force adjustment rod 815 to rotate stably inside the piston sleeve rod 81 and prevents the damping force adjustment rod 815 from swaying laterally on both sides of the piston sleeve rod 81. The limiting ring 8151 also allows the damping cylinder 8 to move towards the limiting end 7, preventing the piston block 817 from swaying. The movement of the damping cylinder 8 allows the internal electromagnetic fluid to pass stably through the flow holes 819 and through the piston block 817, achieving damping and shock absorption.

[0039] The damping force adjustment drive assembly includes a servo motor 811, a fixed frame 812, a first gear 813, and a second gear 814. The fixed frame 812 is fixedly connected to the piston rod 81 on the side away from the damping cylinder 8. The servo motor 811 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 812 on the side away from the damping cylinder 8. The output end of the servo motor 811 passes through the fixed frame 812 and is fixedly connected to the second gear 814. The first gear 813 is fixedly connected to the surface of the damping force adjustment rod 815 on the side close to the servo motor 811. The second gear 814 meshes with the first gear 813.

[0040] The mounting bracket 812 can fix the servo motor 811 on the piston sleeve rod 81. When damping force adjustment is required, the servo motor 811 can be started to drive the gear 2 814 to rotate. The gear 2 814 drives the gear 1 813 that meshes with it to rotate. The gear 1 813 drives the damping force adjusting rod 815 that is fixed to it to rotate. The rotation of the damping force adjusting rod 815 drives the damping force adjusting plate 816 that is fixed to it to rotate. After the damping force adjusting plate 816 rotates, the flow speed of the electromagnetic fluid is adjusted by the alternation of the through hole and the flow hole 819.

[0041] The damping cylinder guide assembly includes a sliding sleeve 71 and a sliding rod 72. The sliding sleeve 71 is fixedly connected to the side of the limiting end 7 near the damping cylinder body 8. Two sets of sliding rods 72 are provided and symmetrically installed on both sides of the piston sleeve rod 81 and fixedly connected to the damping cylinder body 8. The end of the sliding rod 72 away from the damping cylinder body 8 slides in cooperation with the sliding sleeve 71. The sliding sleeve 71 is fixedly installed with the piston sleeve rod 81.

[0042] The sliding sleeve 71 allows the sliding rod 72 to slide stably inside it, so that the sliding rod 72 and the damping cylinder 8 can slide stably inside the sliding sleeve 71. The sliding sleeve 71 can fix the piston rod 81 on the limiting end 7, so that the damping cylinder 8 can move towards the limiting end 7 after transmitting the vibration force. When the piston rod 81 is fixed, the limiting ring 8151 limits the damping force adjusting rod 815, so that the piston block 817 is limited by the damping force adjusting rod 815 and will not move. During the movement of the damping cylinder 8, since the piston block 817 is not moving, the electromagnetic fluid inside the damping cylinder 8 will flow through the through hole of the damping force adjusting plate 816 and then through the flow hole 819 to achieve damping and shock absorption.

[0043] A sealing ring 818 is fitted on the surface of the piston block 817. Two sets of sealing rings 818 are provided. The piston block 817 is sealed to the inner wall of the damping cylinder 8 through the sealing rings 818.

[0044] The sealing ring 818 can make the piston block 817 and the inner wall of the damping cylinder 8 more tightly sealed, ensuring that the electromagnetic fluid flows more stably through the piston block 817 inside the damping cylinder 8, and ensuring uniform damping force.

[0045] The vibration force detection mechanism is located on the rear side of the surface of the spindle 2 and is used to detect the vibration force transmitted between the spindle 2 and the outer mounting bracket 3 to the mounting base 1. The vibration force detection mechanism includes a pressure transmission block 23, a pressure detection plate 24, a pressure sensor 25, and a tension sensor 26. There are four sets of pressure transmission blocks 23, which are distributed in a ring at equal intervals around the spindle 2. The pressure sensor 25 is fixedly embedded inside the pressure transmission block 23. The pressure detection plate 24 is fixedly connected to the side of the outer mounting bracket 3 near the spindle 2 and is located on the rear side of the pressure transmission block 23. The pressure detection plate 24 performs pressure detection in cooperation with the pressure transmission block 23 through the pressure sensor 25. The tension sensor 26 is fixedly embedded inside the pressure detection plate 24, and its detection end is fixedly installed to the spindle 2.

[0046] The pressure transmission block 23 can transmit the vibration force during the machining of the spindle 2 to the pressure sensor 25, so that the pressure sensor 25 can detect the force transmitted from the pressure transmission block 23 to the pressure detection plate 24, digitize the vibration force data, and then activate the damping force adjustment drive component based on the vibration data to adjust the torsion angle of the damping force adjustment rod 815. In turn, the damping force adjustment rod 815 adjusts the staggered gap between the damping force adjustment plate 816 and the flow hole 819, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the damping force. At the same time, the tension sensor 26 can detect the lateral tension of the spindle 2. When the spindle 2 is twisted, the tension sensor 26 can detect the tension at the detection end of the tension sensor 26. After digitizing the lateral tension, it can be matched with the threshold of the damping force and pressure data and the tension data with the external controller.

[0047] Multiple mechanical vibration damping units are installed on the front side of the surface of the main shaft 2 and are used to absorb multiple mechanical vibration forces. The multiple mechanical vibration damping units include a vibration damping plate 21 and a combined vibration damping frame 22. The vibration damping plate 21 is provided with three layers and is distributed in a ring at equal intervals on the outer surface of the main shaft 2. The combined vibration damping frame 22 is fixedly connected to the side of the outer mounting frame 3 near the fixing ring 31 and is clearance-fitted with the vibration damping plate 21.

[0048] The multi-layer design of the anti-vibration plate 21 enables multi-layer mechanical anti-vibration, and after being pressed together by the combined anti-vibration frame 22, it can absorb the vibration force transmitted by the main shaft 2 through the anti-vibration plate 21, ensuring the stability of the main shaft 2 after startup.

[0049] Supporting waist frames 11 are fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the mounting base 1. A clamping and reinforcing frame 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer mounting frame 3. Fixing bolts 41 are threadedly connected to both sides of the clamping and reinforcing frame 4. The clamping and reinforcing frame 4 extends from top to bottom through the clamping and reinforcing frame 4 and the outer mounting frame 3 through the fixing bolts 41 to the inside of the supporting waist frame 11 and is threadedly fixed to the supporting waist frame 11.

[0050] The support frame 11 can securely install the outer mounting frame 3 by using the fixing bolts 41 and the clamping reinforcement frame 4. This ensures that the anti-vibration effect of the spindle 2 can be stably distributed and absorbed around the perimeter after it is fixed by the outer mounting frame 3, thereby improving the stability of the mounting base plate 1 after installation. At the same time, the fixing bolts 41 can facilitate the removal of the clamping reinforcement frame 4 and the outer mounting frame 3 and the spindle 2, making it convenient to maintain and repair the structure inside the outer mounting frame 3.

[0051] Working principle:

[0052] I. Overall Structural Foundation: Establishment of Stable Supports and Vibration Transmission Paths;

[0053] Fixing and Installation: The mounting base 1 provides basic support for the entire tool holder structure. Its top support waist frame 11 is fixedly connected to the outer mounting frame 3 by the clamping reinforcement frame 4 and fixing bolts 41. The outer mounting frame 3 is arranged around the main spindle 2. The front end is fixed to the front component fixing ring 31 on the surface of the main spindle 2, and the rear end is detachably connected to the fixed tail seat 5, forming a stable support frame of "base plate-outer frame-main spindle", ensuring that vibration can be transmitted to each damping component through a preset path.

[0054] Initial seismic protection: The multiple mechanical seismic units on the front side of the main spindle 2 (composed of three layers of ring-shaped seismic plates 21 and combined seismic frames 22) play a role first. The combined seismic frames 22 and the seismic plates 21 are fitted together with a gap. The elastic deformation of the mechanical structure absorbs the low-frequency and low-intensity vibrations when the main spindle starts, providing basic protection for subsequent precision vibration reduction.

[0055] II. Vibration Monitoring: Real-time data acquisition by the vibration force detection mechanism;

[0056] The vibration force detection mechanism (pressure transmission block 23, pressure detection plate 24, pressure sensor 25, tension sensor 26) acts as the "sensing core," monitoring the vibration transmission status between the spindle and the external mounting bracket in real time.

[0057] Pressure-type vibration detection: Four sets of ring-shaped pressure transmission blocks 23 convert the radial vibration of the spindle 2 into a pressure signal and transmit it to the internally embedded pressure sensor 25; the pressure detection plate 24 (fixed to the inside of the outer mounting bracket 3) cooperates with the pressure sensor 25 to convert the radial vibration intensity into a quantifiable electrical signal.

[0058] Tension vibration detection: The tension sensor 26 is embedded inside the pressure detection plate 24. Its detection end is fixed to the main shaft 2, which can capture the tension signal generated by the main shaft 2 due to torsion and lateral displacement in real time, and further supplement the vibration dimension data.

[0059] Data feedback: The detection data from the pressure sensor 25 and the tension sensor 26 are transmitted to the external controller in real time. The controller compares the data with preset thresholds to determine the current vibration intensity, frequency and type, providing a basis for subsequent damping force adjustment.

[0060] III. Vibration Absorption: Synergistic effect of cross-seismic rotating connection unit and damping seismic mechanism;

[0061] Based on feedback data from the vibration force detection mechanism, the cross-seismic rotating connection unit and the damping seismic mechanism form a "dual damping + cross absorption" damping system. The specific process is as follows:

[0062] 1. Cross-seismic rotating connection unit: preliminary absorption of multi-directional vibration;

[0063] Structural layout: Four sets of mounting seats 6 are distributed equidistantly in a ring around the waist of the main shaft 2. Each set of mounting seats 6 is connected to two sets of limiting ends 7 by a shaft pin. The side of the limiting end 7 away from the mounting seat 6 is slidably connected to the damping cylinder 8. The other end of the damping cylinder 8 is rotatably connected to the connecting seat 61 on the inner side of the outer mounting bracket 3 by a shaft pin, forming a cross transmission path of "main shaft-mounting seat-limiting end-damping cylinder-outer mounting bracket".

[0064] Working process: When the spindle 2 generates radial and axial vibration, the vibration is transmitted to the limiting end 7 through the mounting seat 6, which pushes the damping cylinder 8 to slide along the limiting end 7. Since the four sets of damping cylinders 8 are distributed in a cross pattern, they can absorb the vibration impact force of the spindle 2 in multiple directions at the same time, and avoid the vibration being concentrated and transmitted to the outer mounting bracket 3 or the mounting base plate 1.

[0065] 2. Damping seismic resistance mechanism: dynamic damping force adjustment and precise vibration reduction;

[0066] As a core vibration reduction component, the damping seismic isolation mechanism achieves precise absorption of vibrations of varying intensities through dynamic adjustment of electromagnetic fluid damping force. This process is divided into two stages: "damping force adjustment" and "vibration absorption."

[0067] (I) Damping force adjustment stage: dynamic adaptation based on detection data;

[0068] Drive trigger: The external controller starts the damping force adjustment drive assembly (servo motor 811, fixed frame 812, gear one 813, gear two 814) according to the vibration detection data; the fixed frame 812 fixes the servo motor 811 to the end of the piston sleeve rod 81, and the output end of the servo motor 811 drives the gear two 814 to rotate. The gear two 814 meshes with the gear one 813, which in turn drives the damping force adjustment rod 815 fixed to the gear one 813 to rotate.

[0069] Damping force adjustment: When the damping force adjusting rod 815 rotates, the damping force adjusting plates 816 on both sides of its end rotate synchronously. Since the damping force adjusting plate 816 has through holes that cooperate with the flow holes 819 (six sets of annular distribution) on the piston block 817, the cross area between the through holes and the flow holes 819 changes during the rotation process. The smaller the cross area, the greater the resistance to the flow of electromagnetic fluid and the stronger the damping force; conversely, the weaker the damping force, thus achieving precise adjustment of the damping force.

[0070] Structural limiting: Two sets of limiting rings 8151 on the surface of the damping force adjusting rod 815 (located at both ends of the piston sleeve rod 81) can prevent the damping force adjusting rod 815 from swaying laterally and ensure the fitting accuracy between the damping force adjusting plate 816 and the flow hole 819; at the same time, the piston sleeve rod 81 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 71 on the limiting end 7 to ensure the stability of the piston sleeve rod 81 position.

[0071] (II) Vibration absorption stage: Energy dissipation effect of electromagnetic fluid damping force;

[0072] Vibration transmission and fluid flow: When the damping cylinder 8 retracts towards the limiting end 7 under the push of vibration, the piston block 817 is sealed to the inner wall of the damping cylinder 8 through the sealing ring 818 (ensuring no leakage of electromagnetic fluid), and the piston block 817 is limited and fixed by the damping force adjusting rod 815. The movement of the damping cylinder 8 will force the internal electromagnetic fluid to flow from one side of the damping cylinder 8 to the other side through the through hole of the damping force adjusting plate 816 and the flow hole 819 of the piston block 817.

[0073] Damping energy dissipation: During the flow process, the electromagnetic fluid is resisted by the through hole and the flow hole 819, and its kinetic energy is converted into heat energy and consumed, thereby absorbing the vibration energy of the main shaft 2; at the same time, the damping cylinder guide assembly (sliding sleeve 71, slide rod 72) ensures that the damping cylinder 8 slides stably along the slide rod 72, avoiding the damping failure caused by the torsion of the damping cylinder 8.

[0074] IV. Auxiliary Support: Coordination of Sealing and Maintenance Design;

[0075] Sealing guarantee: Two sets of sealing rings 818 on the surface of piston block 817 ensure stable flow of electromagnetic fluid inside damping cylinder 8, avoid uneven damping force due to leakage, and ensure consistent shock absorption effect.

[0076] Ease of maintenance: The external mounting bracket 3 and the fixed tailstock 5 are detachably connected, and the clamping and reinforcing bracket 4 is threadedly connected to the support waist bracket 11 by the fixing bolt 41. After removing the fixing bolt 41 and the fixed tailstock 5, the external mounting bracket 3 and the main shaft 2 can be quickly separated, which facilitates the inspection and replacement of internal damping cylinder 8, sensors and other components, reducing maintenance costs.

[0077] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0078] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An adaptive anti-vibration tool holder structure for the spindle end of a five-axis machine, comprising a mounting base (1), a spindle (2) disposed on the top of the mounting base (1), a fixing ring (31) fixedly mounted on the front side of the surface of the spindle (2), a fixing tailstock (5) fixedly mounted on the rear side of the surface of the spindle (2), and an outer mounting bracket (3) fixedly mounted around the fixing ring (31), wherein the side of the outer mounting bracket (3) near the fixing tailstock (5) is detachably mounted to the fixing tailstock (5), characterized in that: It also includes a damping and seismic stabilization mechanism, which is set on the surface of the main shaft (2) and is used to absorb vibration force through damping force; The cross-seismic rotating connection unit is set inside the outer mounting frame (3) and is used to cooperate with the damping seismic mechanism to cross-absorb vibration force; The vibration force detection mechanism is set on the rear side of the surface of the spindle (2) and is used to detect the vibration force transmitted between the spindle (2) and the outer mounting bracket (3) to the mounting base (1); Multiple mechanical vibration damping units are set on the front side of the main shaft (2) surface and are used to absorb multiple mechanical vibration forces; The cross-seismic rotating connection unit includes a damping cylinder (8), a limiting end (7), a mounting center seat (6), and a connecting seat (61). The mounting center seat (6) is provided with four sets of equidistant rings distributed on the waist of the main shaft (2) surface. The limiting end (7) is provided with two sets of rotatable mounting to the mounting center seat (6) via pins. The damping cylinder (8) is slidably mounted on the side of the limiting end (7) away from the mounting center seat (6). The connecting seat (61) is fixedly connected to the side of the outer mounting frame (3) near the main shaft (2) and rotatably mounted to the damping cylinder (8) via pins. The damping and seismic-resistant mechanism includes a piston sleeve (81), a piston block (817), a damping force adjusting rod (815), a limiting ring (8151), a damping force adjusting plate (816), a flow hole (819), a damping force adjusting drive assembly, and a damping cylinder guide assembly. The piston sleeve (81) is slidably installed inside the damping cylinder body (8). The damping force adjusting rod (815) is rotatably installed inside the piston sleeve (81). The damping force adjusting plate (816) is fixedly connected to both sides of the damping force adjusting rod (815) near the piston block (817). The piston block (817) is slidably installed inside the damping cylinder body (8). The flow holes (819) are opened inside the piston block (817) and are distributed in six groups at equal intervals in a ring. The damping force adjusting plate (816) has openings corresponding to the flow holes (819). The damping cylinder (8) is filled with electromagnetic fluid and has a through hole for use. The limiting ring (8151) is fixedly installed on the surface of the damping force adjusting rod (815) and located at both ends of the piston sleeve rod (81). The surface of the piston sleeve rod (81) is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve (71). The end of the piston sleeve rod (81) near the damping cylinder (8) is sealed and slidably connected to the damping cylinder (8). The damping force adjusting drive assembly is located at the end of the piston sleeve rod (81) away from the damping cylinder (8) and is used to drive the damping force adjusting rod (815) to rotate, so that the damping force adjusting rod (815) and the damping force adjusting plate (816) rotate synchronously and adjust the gap of the flow hole (819). The damping cylinder guide assembly is located on the side of the damping cylinder (8) near the limiting end (7) and is used to prevent the damping cylinder (8) from twisting when sliding.

2. The adaptive vibration damping tool holder structure at the spindle end of a five-axis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping force adjustment drive assembly includes a servo motor (811), a fixed frame (812), a first gear (813), and a second gear (814). The fixed frame (812) is fixedly connected to the side of the piston rod (81) away from the damping cylinder (8). The servo motor (811) is fixedly connected to the side of the fixed frame (812) away from the damping cylinder (8). The output end of the servo motor (811) passes through the fixed frame (812) and is fixedly connected to the second gear (814). The first gear (813) is fixedly connected to the surface of the damping force adjustment rod (815) near the servo motor (811). The second gear (814) meshes with the first gear (813).

3. The adaptive vibration damping tool holder structure at the spindle end of a five-axis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping cylinder guide assembly includes a sliding sleeve (71) and a sliding rod (72). The sliding sleeve (71) is fixedly connected to the side of the limiting end (7) near the damping cylinder body (8). Two sets of sliding rods (72) are provided and symmetrically installed on both sides of the piston rod (81) and fixedly connected to the damping cylinder body (8). The end of the sliding rod (72) away from the damping cylinder body (8) is slidably engaged with the sliding sleeve (71). The sliding sleeve (71) is fixedly installed with the piston rod (81).

4. The adaptive vibration damping tool holder structure at the spindle end of a five-axis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston block (817) is fitted with a sealing ring (818) on its surface. Two sets of sealing rings (818) are provided. The piston block (817) is sealed to the inner wall of the damping cylinder (8) through the sealing rings (818).

5. The adaptive vibration damping tool holder structure at the spindle end of a five-axis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration force detection mechanism includes a pressure transmission block (23), a pressure detection plate (24), a pressure sensor (25), and a tension sensor (26). The pressure transmission block (23) is provided in four groups and is distributed in a ring at equal intervals around the main shaft (2). The pressure sensor (25) is fixedly embedded inside the pressure transmission block (23). The pressure detection plate (24) is fixedly connected to the outer mounting bracket (3) on the side close to the main shaft (2) and located on the rear side of the pressure transmission block (23). The pressure detection plate (24) performs pressure detection in cooperation with the pressure transmission block (23) through the pressure sensor (25). The tension sensor (26) is fixedly embedded inside the pressure detection plate (24), and its detection end is fixedly installed with the main shaft (2).

6. The adaptive vibration damping tool holder structure at the spindle end of a five-axis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple mechanical seismic unit includes a seismic plate (21) and a combined seismic frame (22). The seismic plate (21) has three layers and is distributed in a ring at equal intervals on the outer surface of the main shaft (2). The combined seismic frame (22) is fixedly connected to the side of the outer mounting frame (3) near the fixing ring (31) and is clearance-fitted with the seismic plate (21).

7. The adaptive vibration damping tool holder structure at the spindle end of a five-axis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base (1) has a support waist frame (11) fixedly connected to both sides of the top. The top of the outer mounting frame (3) has a clamping reinforcement frame (4) fixedly connected to the top. The clamping reinforcement frame (4) has a fixing bolt (41) threadedly connected to both sides of the clamping reinforcement frame (4). The clamping reinforcement frame (4) extends from top to bottom through the clamping reinforcement frame (4) and the outer mounting frame (3) through the fixing bolt (41) to the inside of the support waist frame (11) and is threadedly fixed to the support waist frame (11).

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