Multi-directional anti-vibration device of numerical control machine tool and inertial vibration suppression system of multi-directional anti-vibration device

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-directional anti-vibration device of a numerical control machine tool and an inertial vibration suppression system of the multi-directional anti-vibration device, and belongs to the field of anti-vibration of the numerical control machine tool. The multi-directional anti-vibration device comprises a base, a rubber support is fixed to the center of the upper surface of the base, a supporting plate is arranged at the top of the rubber support, and four damping rods are jointly and rotationally connected between the base and the supporting plate; the upper surface of the base is located in the rubber support and is rotationally connected with a turntable; a composite mechanism combining passive vibration isolation and active inertia compensation is adopted, vibration energy is primarily attenuated through the rubber support and the damping rod, and the eccentric wheel is matched to generate reverse centrifugal force to offset residual vibration, so that the broadband vibration suppression efficiency is improved, the residual amplitude can be controlled within a low range, and the machining precision is effectively improved; the rotation of the turntable is matched with the vibration dominant frequency, and the rotation plane of the eccentric wheel is accurately aligned with the vibration direction in combination with the inclination adjustment of the arc frame, so that the vibration in front-back, left-right and composite directions is effectively inhibited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vibration damping technology for CNC machine tools, and in particular to a multi-directional vibration damping device for CNC machine tools and its inertial vibration suppression system. Background Technology

[0002] During the machining process, existing CNC machine tools are prone to multi-directional (front-back, left-right, and compound directions) vibrations due to factors such as cutting force fluctuations, high-speed spindle rotation, and feed motion, which leads to a decrease in machining accuracy (such as excessive surface roughness and increased dimensional errors).

[0003] Traditional vibration damping technologies have significant limitations:

[0004] Passive vibration isolation devices (such as single rubber bearings and damping rods) dissipate vibration energy solely through material elasticity or damping, and have limited effect on suppressing wide-band (1-500Hz) and multi-directional vibrations. In particular, when the vibration frequency deviates from its natural frequency, the vibration isolation efficiency drops sharply to below 30%.

[0005] Existing active vibration damping systems mostly rely on electromagnetic drives (such as magnetorheological dampers), which have problems such as response delay (>20ms), high energy consumption (>50W) and complex structure. They are also difficult to accurately match vibration direction and dynamic frequency changes, resulting in poor adaptability.

[0006] Therefore, a multi-directional vibration damping device and its inertial vibration suppression system for CNC machine tools are needed to solve the problems mentioned above, such as the limited effect of passive vibration isolation and poor adaptability of active vibration damping. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-directional vibration damping device for CNC machine tools and its inertial vibration suppression system, solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0008] Technical Solution: To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, more specifically, a multi-directional vibration damping device for CNC machine tools, comprising a base, a rubber support fixed at the center of the upper surface of the base, a support plate provided on the top of the rubber support, four damping rods rotatably connected between the base and the support plate, a turntable rotatably connected to the upper surface of the base inside the rubber support, a motor fixedly fixed inside the base, the top end of the output shaft of the motor fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the turntable, two brackets fixed to the upper surface of the turntable, an arc frame provided between the two brackets, a slide rail provided through the arc frame, and the slide rail containing... A slider is slidably connected, and the front and rear ends of the slider are respectively fixedly connected to two supports. A spherical frame is fixed to the top of the arc frame. A partition is fixed to the inner side of the arc frame and the spherical frame. A motor is fixed to the lower surface of the partition. The top end of the output shaft of the motor extends through to the upper surface of the partition and is fixed with an eccentric wheel. A support is fixed to the upper surface of the turntable. A shaft is rotatably connected inside the support. A drive gear is fixed to the rear end of the shaft. A bevel gear is fixed to the front section of the shaft. A bevel gear is meshed with the bottom of the bevel gear. The bottom end of the bevel gear extends through to the interior of the support and is fixed with a spur gear. The spur gear is rotatably connected to the support.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer surface of the arc frame is provided with a plurality of toothed grooves, and the arc frame is connected to the drive gear through the toothed grooves. The lower inner wall of the rubber support is provided with annularly distributed toothed grooves, and the rubber support is connected to the spur gear through the toothed grooves.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper surface of the base is provided with four recessed grooves, the lower surface of the recessed grooves is provided with through-holes leading to screws, a connector is provided inside the recessed grooves, a bolt is inserted inside the connector, and the bottom end of the bolt is threadedly connected to the inside of the screw hole.

[0011] Furthermore, a hemispherical groove is formed at the center of the lower surface of the tray, the top of the spherical frame is located inside the groove, and the outer surface of the spherical frame is in contact with the inner surface of the groove.

[0012] Furthermore, sensors are provided on the outer surfaces of all four damping rods. According to another aspect of the invention, more specifically, an inertial vibration suppression system for a multi-directional vibration damping device of a CNC machine tool, comprising the aforementioned multi-directional vibration damping device for a CNC machine tool, further comprising a vibration sensing module, a signal processing center, an intelligent decision-making unit, and an execution drive module;

[0013] The vibration sensing module is electrically connected to the sensor and is used to collect data on the tilt angle, vibration frequency, and amplitude of the damping rod.

[0014] The signal processing center receives the data collected by the vibration sensing module and performs feature extraction. The intelligent decision-making unit generates control commands based on the extracted feature data.

[0015] The execution drive module is electrically connected to motor one and motor two to execute control commands.

[0016] Furthermore, the vibration sensing module includes a tilt sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a data transmission unit. The tilt sensor is integrated inside the sensor and is used to detect the tilt direction and angle of the damping rod. The acceleration sensor is used to collect the vibration acceleration amplitude. The data transmission unit transmits the collected data to the signal processing center in real time via a CAN bus.

[0017] Furthermore, the signal processing center employs a Fast Fourier Transform algorithm to perform frequency domain analysis on the vibration data, extracting the dominant vibration frequency and its corresponding amplitude, and then uses a vector synthesis algorithm to... Convert the tilt angle into a vibration direction vector to establish a vibration energy model:

[0018] ;

[0019] in, This is the inherent coefficient of the equipment. For amplitude, Main frequency.

[0020] Furthermore, the control commands generated by the intelligent decision-making unit include three sets of linkage parameters: the rotational speed command of motor one, which makes the rotational frequency of the turntable synchronize with the dominant vibration frequency. —to (speed) );

[0021] The rotation angle command of the drive gear adjusts the tilt angle of the arc frame through the transmission of bevel gear 1, bevel gear 2, and spur gear, aligning the rotation plane of the eccentric wheel with the vibration direction vector; the speed command of motor 2 adjusts the centrifugal force of the eccentric wheel. (m is the mass of the eccentric wheel, r is the eccentricity) (where angular velocity is used) to match the vibrational energy E.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the multi-directional vibration damping device for CNC machine tools and its inertial vibration suppression system of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] (1) The present invention adopts a composite mechanism that combines passive vibration isolation and active inertial compensation. The vibration energy is initially attenuated by rubber support and damping rod, and the remaining vibration is offset by the reverse centrifugal force generated by the eccentric wheel. This improves the broadband vibration suppression efficiency and the residual amplitude can be controlled within a low range, effectively improving the processing accuracy.

[0024] (2) The present invention matches the vibration main frequency by rotating the turntable and adjusts the tilt of the arc frame to make the rotating plane of the eccentric wheel accurately align with the vibration direction, thereby effectively suppressing vibrations in the front-back, left-right and compound directions, and solving the problem of single direction of traditional devices.

[0025] (3) The present invention is equipped with an intelligent closed-loop control system. The vibration sensing module collects parameters in real time, and after analysis, drives the motor to dynamically adjust. The response delay is no more than 50ms, and it can adapt to the changes in vibration characteristics caused by changes in cutting load. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the base and support plate in this invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the arc frame and spur gear in this invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Rubber support; 3. Support plate; 4. Damping rod; 5. Turntable; 6. Motor 1; 7. Bracket 1; 8. Arc frame; 9. Slide rail; 10. Slider; 11. Spherical frame; 12. Partition plate; 13. Motor 2; 14. Eccentric wheel; 15. Bracket 2; 16. Shaft; 17. Drive gear; 18. Gear groove 1; 19. Bevel gear 1; 20. Bevel gear 2; 21. Spur gear; 22. Groove; 23. Gear groove 2; 24. Slot; 25. Screw hole; 26. Connector; 27. Bolt; 28. Sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present application can be combined with each other.

[0034] To make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Reference Figures 1-5A multi-directional vibration damping device for a CNC machine tool includes a base 1, a rubber support 2 fixed at the center of the upper surface of the base 1, a support plate 3 on the top of the rubber support 2, four damping rods 4 rotatably connected between the base 1 and the support plate 3, a turntable 5 rotatably connected inside the rubber support 2 on the upper surface of the base 1, a motor 6 fixedly inserted inside the base 1, the top of the output shaft of the motor 6 fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the turntable 5, two brackets 7 fixedly attached to the upper surface of the turntable 5, an arc frame 8 between the two brackets 7, a slide rail 9 through the arc frame 8, a slider 10 slidably connected inside the slide rail 9, and the front and rear ends of the slider 10 connected to the two brackets 7 respectively. The arc frame 8 is fixedly connected to a ball frame 11 at the top. The arc frame 8 and the ball frame 11 are both fixed to a partition 12. The lower surface of the partition 12 is fixed to a motor 13. The top of the output shaft of the motor 13 extends through to the upper surface of the partition 12 and is fixed to an eccentric wheel 14. The upper surface of the turntable 5 is fixed to a bracket 15. The bracket 15 is rotatably connected to a shaft 16. The rear end of the shaft 16 is fixed to a drive gear 17. The front section of the shaft 16 is fixed to a bevel gear 19. The bottom of the bevel gear 19 is meshed with a bevel gear 20. The bottom end of the bevel gear 20 extends through to the inside of the bracket 7 and is fixed to a spur gear 21. The spur gear 21 is rotatably connected to the bracket 7.

[0036] The outer surface of the arc frame 8 is provided with several toothed grooves 18. The arc frame 8 is connected to the drive gear 17 through the toothed grooves 18. The lower inner wall of the rubber support 2 is provided with annularly distributed toothed grooves 23. The rubber support 2 is connected to the spur gear 21 through the toothed grooves 23.

[0037] The upper surface of the base 1 has four recesses 24. The lower surface of the recesses 24 has through screw holes 25. A connector 26 is provided inside the recesses 24. A bolt 27 passes through the connector 26. The bottom end of the bolt 27 is threaded into the screw hole 25. The connector 26 and the bolt 27 can be used to connect and fix the multiple bases 1 together.

[0038] A hemispherical groove 22 is provided at the center of the lower surface of the tray 3. The top of the spherical frame 11 is located inside the groove 22, and the outer surface of the spherical frame 11 is in contact with the inner surface of the groove 22, so that the spherical frame 11 can maintain contact with the tray 3 when rotating horizontally and tilted.

[0039] Sensors 28 are installed on the outer surface of all four damping rods 4. The installation points of the sensors 28 on the outer surface of the damping rods 4 should avoid the resonance nodes.

[0040] Reference Figures 1-5 An inertial vibration suppression system for a multi-directional vibration damping device of a CNC machine tool includes a multi-directional vibration damping device for a CNC machine tool, and also includes a vibration sensing module, a signal processing center, an intelligent decision-making unit, and an execution drive module;

[0041] The vibration sensing module is electrically connected to the sensor 28 and is used to collect the tilt angle, vibration frequency and amplitude data of the damping rod 4;

[0042] The signal processing center receives the data collected by the vibration sensing module and extracts its features. The intelligent decision-making unit generates control commands based on the extracted feature data.

[0043] The drive module is electrically connected to motor 6 and motor 13 to execute control commands.

[0044] Preferably, the vibration sensing module includes a tilt sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a data transmission unit. The tilt sensor is integrated inside the sensor 28 and is used to detect the tilt direction and angle of the damping rod 4. The acceleration sensor is used to collect the vibration acceleration amplitude. The data transmission unit transmits the collected data to the signal processing center in real time via the CAN bus.

[0045] Preferably, the signal processing center uses the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm to perform frequency domain analysis on the vibration data, extracts the dominant vibration frequency and its corresponding amplitude, and then uses a vector synthesis algorithm to... Convert the tilt angle into a vibration direction vector to establish a vibration energy model:

[0046] ;

[0047] in, This is the inherent coefficient of the equipment. For amplitude, Main frequency.

[0048] Preferably, the control commands generated by the intelligent decision-making unit include three sets of linkage parameters: the speed command of motor 6, which causes the rotation frequency of turntable 5 to be synchronized with the vibration main frequency. —to (speed) );

[0049] The rotation angle command of drive gear 17 adjusts the tilt angle of the arc frame 8 through the transmission of bevel gear 19, bevel gear 20, and spur gear 21, aligning the rotation plane of eccentric wheel 14 with the vibration direction vector; the speed command of motor 13 adjusts the centrifugal force of eccentric wheel 14. (m is the mass of the eccentric wheel, r is the eccentricity) (where angular velocity is used) to match the vibrational energy E.

[0050] In summary, the workflow is as follows: First, several devices need to be connected and fixed together by connectors 26 and bolts 27 to form a matrix at the bottom of the CNC machine tool, so that the top of the support plate 3 contacts the bottom of the CNC machine tool and provides support.

[0051] When the CNC machine tool is working, the rubber support 2 and the four damping rods 4 provide initial vibration damping. When the vibration is too large, causing the damping rods 4 to compress and tilt under the drive of the support plate 3, the four different orientation sensors 28 collect the tilt angle and frequency and transmit the data to the inertial vibration suppression system. The system generates a suppression scheme based on the data and controls the start motor 6 and motor 13. Motor 6 drives the turntable 5 and the structure above it to rotate. When rotating, the spur gear 21 is meshed by the tooth groove 23 and rotates axially. Under the transmission of bevel gear 20, bevel gear 19, shaft 16 and drive gear 17, the arc frame 8, ball frame 11 and eccentric wheel 14 tilt based on the rotation direction of the turntable 5. At this time, motor 13 drives the eccentric wheel 14 to rotate eccentrically, vibrating the turntable 5 in the tilt direction of the arc frame 8 after rotation, thereby counteracting and suppressing the vibration of the CNC machine tool.

[0052] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-directional vibration damping device for a CNC machine tool, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A rubber support (2) is fixed at the center of the upper surface of the base (1). A support plate (3) is provided on the top of the rubber support (2). Four damping rods (4) are rotatably connected between the base (1) and the support plate (3). A turntable (5) is rotatably connected inside the rubber support (2) on the upper surface of the base (1). A motor (6) is fixedly installed inside the base (1). The top of the output shaft of the motor (6) is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the turntable (5). Two brackets (7) are fixed on the upper surface of the turntable (5). An arc frame (8) is provided between the two brackets (7). A slide rail (9) is opened through the arc frame (8). A slider (10) is slidably connected inside the slide rail (9). The front and rear ends of the slider (10) are fixedly connected to the two brackets (7) respectively. A spherical frame (11) is fixed at the top. A partition (12) is fixed on the inner side of the arc frame (8) and the spherical frame (11). A motor (13) is fixed on the lower surface of the partition (12). The top end of the output shaft of the motor (13) extends through to the upper surface of the partition (12) and is fixed with an eccentric wheel (14). A bracket (15) is fixed on the upper surface of the turntable (5). A shaft (16) is rotatably connected inside the bracket (15). A drive gear (17) is fixed at the rear end of the shaft (16). A bevel gear (19) is fixed at the front end of the shaft (16). A bevel gear (20) is meshed at the bottom of the bevel gear (19). The bottom end of the bevel gear (20) extends through to the inside of the bracket (7) and is fixed with a spur gear (21). The spur gear (21) is rotatably connected to the bracket (7).

2. The multi-directional vibration damping device for a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the arc frame (8) is provided with a plurality of toothed grooves (18), and the arc frame (8) is meshed with the drive gear (17) through the toothed grooves (18). The inner side wall of the rubber support (2) is provided with annularly distributed toothed grooves (23), and the rubber support (2) is meshed with the spur gear (21) through the toothed grooves (23).

3. A multi-directional vibration damping device for a CNC machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base (1) has four recessed grooves (24) on its upper surface. The recessed grooves (24) have through screw holes (25) on their lower surfaces. A connector (26) is provided inside the recessed grooves (24). A bolt (27) is passed through the connector (26). The bottom end of the bolt (27) is threaded into the screw hole (25).

4. A multi-directional vibration damping device for a CNC machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: A hemispherical groove (22) is provided at the center of the lower surface of the tray (3), the top of the spherical frame (11) is located inside the groove (22), and the outer surface of the spherical frame (11) is in contact with the inner surface of the groove (22).

5. A multi-directional vibration damping device for a CNC machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: Sensors (28) are provided on the outer surfaces of all four damping rods (4).

6. An inertial vibration suppression system for a multi-directional vibration damping device of a CNC machine tool, comprising the multi-directional vibration damping device for a CNC machine tool as described in claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a vibration sensing module, a signal processing center, an intelligent decision-making unit, and an execution drive module; The vibration sensing module is electrically connected to the sensor (28) and is used to collect the tilt angle, vibration frequency and amplitude data of the damping rod (4); the vibration sensing module also includes a sound pressure sensor and a high-frequency acceleration sensor, which are used to synchronously collect milling sound pressure signals and high-frequency vibration acceleration to form a multi-source vibration data set; The signal processing center receives the data collected by the vibration sensing module and performs feature extraction. The intelligent decision-making unit generates control commands based on the extracted feature data. The execution drive module is electrically connected to motor one (6) and motor two (13) to execute control commands.

7. The inertial vibration suppression system of a multi-directional vibration damping device for CNC machine tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vibration sensing module includes an inclination sensor, an acceleration sensor and a data transmission unit. The inclination sensor is integrated inside the sensor (28) and is used to detect the tilt direction and angle of the damping rod (4). The acceleration sensor is used to collect the vibration acceleration amplitude. The data transmission unit transmits the collected data to the signal processing center in real time via the CAN bus. The data transmission unit supports multi-source data timestamp synchronization, ensuring time alignment of cutting sound pressure, vibration acceleration, and tilt angle data, providing a foundation for multi-feature fusion.

8. The inertial vibration suppression system of a multi-directional vibration damping device for CNC machine tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: The signal processing center uses a fast Fourier transform algorithm to perform frequency domain analysis on the vibration data, extracting the dominant vibration frequency and corresponding amplitude, and then uses a vector synthesis algorithm to... Convert the tilt angle into a vibration direction vector to establish a vibration energy model: ； in, This is the inherent coefficient of the equipment. For amplitude, Main frequency; The signal processing center also employs wavelet packet transform to perform a three-level decomposition of the multi-source data, calculating the energy ratio between the high-frequency band (200-500Hz) and the low-frequency band (1-200Hz), which is used as a characteristic parameter to correct the vibration energy model (corrected model: , (This is the energy ratio correction factor).

9. The inertial vibration suppression system of a multi-directional vibration damping device for CNC machine tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control commands generated by the intelligent decision-making unit include three sets of linkage parameters: the rotation speed command of motor 1 (6), which makes the rotation frequency of turntable (5) match the vibration main frequency. —to (speed) ); The rotation angle command of the drive gear (17) adjusts the tilt angle of the transmission adjustment arc frame (8) of the bevel gear (19), bevel gear (20) and spur gear (21) to align the rotation plane of the eccentric wheel (14) with the vibration direction vector; the speed command of the motor (13) adjusts the centrifugal force of the eccentric wheel (14). (m is the mass of the eccentric wheel, r is the eccentricity) (angular velocity) to match the vibrational energy E; The intelligent decision-making unit introduces an incremental learning mechanism. After accumulating 200 sets of stable milling data, it automatically updates the inherent coefficient k of the vibration energy model to adapt to the time-varying vibration characteristics caused by the removal of thin-walled material. When the vibration frequency change rate exceeds 5%, it automatically triggers dynamic correction of the centrifugal force parameter.

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