A tool changing device and processing method for crankshaft oil hole chamfering

Abstract

The application provides a tool changing device and a processing method for crankshaft oil hole chamfering, relates to crankshaft oil hole polishing technology, and specifically discloses an assembly bin and a pushing structure which are arranged in a holding frame of a mechanical arm and can accommodate polishing instruments, quick polishing instrument switching and feeding which are not dependent on external tool magazines in the working range of the mechanical arm are realized, so that multiple processing steps are integrated in a compact unit to improve working efficiency. The assembly area and the rotating structure which are formed by the fixed rods provide a stable and accurate positioning space for the polishing instruments. Moreover, the structure can first adjust the circumferential angle of the polishing instruments on the determined working position before the polishing instruments are pushed out for processing, so that the rotating posture of the polishing instruments is aligned with the spatial angle of the crankshaft oil hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crankshaft oil hole machining technology, and more specifically, to a tool changing device and machining method for chamfering crankshaft oil holes. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of an engine, the crankshaft has numerous oil holes for lubrication. To prevent stress concentration and improve lubrication, the inlets of these oil holes are usually chamfered. However, the crankshaft has a complex structure, is heavy, and has a large number of oil holes with varying spatial orientations.

[0003] Existing devices typically carry only one grinding tool. After machining an oil hole of one diameter or in one direction, the robotic arm needs to return to the tool magazine for a complete tool change.

[0004] After changing the grinding tool, different models of grinding tools are clamped by the clamping device, and then the grinding tool is transferred to the unfinished oil hole by the robotic arm. The robotic arm relies on the repeatability of positioning to align the oil holes with different spatial angles. Without a secondary positioning mechanism, its accuracy is often difficult to meet the requirement of consistent chamfering when processing the same oil hole. This can easily lead to problems such as skewed or uneven chamfering when the same oil hole is processed by different tools. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tool changing device and processing method for chamfering crankshaft oil holes, which addresses the shortcomings of the prior art and solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a tool changing device and processing method for chamfering crankshaft oil holes, including a retainer installed on the output end of a robotic arm, a motion channel being provided inside the retainer, and an assembly chamber being installed inside the motion channel;

[0008] The assembly chamber has an installation cavity for mounting the grinding tool. The assembly chamber is equipped with a push structure that is connected to the grinding tool for transmission. The push structure is used to push the grinding tool located in the assembly chamber out of the holder and to the processing position.

[0009] Several fixed rods are arranged around the two opposite side walls of the motion channel, and a drive structure is provided between the assembly compartment and the opposite side wall of the motion channel to drive the several fixed rods to move synchronously.

[0010] Once the assembly chamber enters the assembly area formed by several fixed rods, the rotating structure located in the assembly chamber drives the grinding tool located in the assembly chamber to rotate within the assembly area.

[0011] In some technical solutions of the present invention, a mounting base is installed between the output end of the robotic arm and the cage, and the number of assembly chambers is several; a rotating frame is installed inside the mounting chamber, and the rotating frame is connected end to end to form a ring, and several assembly chambers are arranged around the side wall of the rotating frame.

[0012] The mounting base is equipped with a guide structure for guiding the rotating frame to rotate within the motion channel; the guide structure includes a ring-shaped guide strip installed on its outer side wall along the circumference of the rotating frame, and guide grooves matching the guide strip are provided in both the fixed base and the mounting cavity.

[0013] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the assembly compartment includes an outer compartment, an inner compartment, and a fixed seat. The grinding tool is installed in the inner compartment, and the pushing structure is installed in the outer compartment and fixedly connected to the inner compartment. The outer compartment is set in the movement channel through the fixed seat and has several fixed rods that rotate within the movement channel.

[0014] In some technical solutions of the present invention, a locking rod is provided on the side wall of the inner chamber, which is linked to the pushing structure. When the pushing structure pushes the inner chamber and the grinding tool out and moves out of the retainer to the processing position, the pushing structure causes the locking rod to be partially embedded in the side wall of the outer chamber to fix the inner chamber on the outer chamber.

[0015] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the characteristic is that the pushing structure includes a rod body installed on the top of the inner cabin and a push rod structure. The body of the push rod structure is connected to the inner wall of the outer cabin. The telescopic end of the push rod structure is provided with a sliding sleeve sleeved on the rod body. The outer cabin body is provided with a limiting ring for restricting the movement of the inner cabin. A pressure ring is sleeved on the outer side wall of the rod body. The locking rod rotates to the top of the inner cabin body. A lever arm connected to the locking rod is hinged on the side wall of the pressure ring. A return spring abutting against the pressure ring is provided on the outer side wall of the rod body.

[0016] When the push rod structure pushes the sliding sleeve to move the pressure ring downward along the rod body, the pressure ring pushes the locking rod to move radially along the outer compartment body through the lever arm and then embeds itself into the outer compartment body.

[0017] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the center of the circle where the rotating frame is located is coaxial with the center of the circle where the motion channel is located.

[0018] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the driving structure includes an adjusting strip arranged horizontally on the outer wall of the fixed seat, a locking groove matching the fixed rod on the outer wall of the fixed seat, a push rod slidably arranged on the outer wall of the retainer, a pressure plate hinged to the push rod rotatably arranged on the top of the retainer, both fixed rods abutting against the pressure plate, an adjusting spring connected to the retainer sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed rod, a first inclined surface opened on the side wall of the adjusting strip, and a second inclined surface matching the first inclined surface at the end of the push rod.

[0019] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the rotating structure includes a drive motor mounted on the mounting base, a drive gear is provided on the output end of the drive motor, a toothed belt is mounted on the side wall of the rotating frame, and the drive gear meshes with the toothed belt.

[0020] A second drive motor is installed inside the fixed base, and the outer cabin is connected to the second drive motor via a transmission connection.

[0021] Compared to existing technologies, this invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects: An "assembly compartment" and a "pushing structure" for accommodating grinding tools are integrated within the "cage" of the robotic arm, enabling rapid tool switching and feeding within the robotic arm's working range without relying on an external tool magazine. This integrates multiple processing steps into a compact unit, improving work efficiency. By setting up an "assembly area" and a "rotation structure" enclosed by "fixed rods," a stable and precise positioning space is provided for the grinding tools. Furthermore, this structure allows for circumferential angle adjustment of the grinding tools at a predetermined station before they are pushed out for processing, ensuring that the rotational posture of the grinding tools is aligned with the spatial angle of the crankshaft oil holes. This reduces excessive reliance on the absolute positioning accuracy of the robotic arm, and through secondary precise positioning of the device, ensures the consistency of the chamfer angle of each oil hole. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the assembly compartment and the retainer in this invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a first-view sectional view of the assembly compartment and the cage in this invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a second-view sectional view of the assembly compartment and the cage in this invention.

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the outer and inner cabins in this invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second mounting structure of the cage in this invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the cage and the mounting base in this invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a top view of the assembly compartment and rotating frame of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals: 1-Cage, 2-Motion channel, 3-Assembly compartment, 4-Installation chamber, 5-Push structure, 6-Fixed rod, 7-Drive structure, 8-Rotating structure, 9-Mounting seat, 10-Rotating frame, 11-Guide structure, 12-Outer compartment, 13-Inner compartment, 16-Fixed seat, 17-Locking rod, 18-Rod body, 19-Push rod structure, 20-Sliding sleeve, 21-Limiting ring, 22-Pressure ring, 23-Force arm, 24-Reset spring, 25-Adjusting bar, 26-Locking groove, 27-Push rod, 28-Pressure plate, 29-Adjusting spring, 30-First inclined plane, 31-Second inclined plane, 32-First drive motor, 33-Drive gear, 34-Gear belt, 36-Second drive motor. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0032] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0033] Example

[0034] This invention provides a tool changing device for chamfering crankshaft oil holes, such as... Figures 1-8 As shown, it includes a retainer 1 that can be detachably mounted on the output end of the robotic arm by bolts. A movement channel 2 is opened in the retainer 1 along the horizontal direction, and an assembly chamber 3 is installed in the movement channel 2. The grinding tool is integrated into the independent assembly chamber 3 and the assembly chamber 3 is detachably set in the retainer 1, which realizes the modular management and storage of the grinding tool. The grinding tool can be replaced without moving it, avoiding repositioning later.

[0035] The assembly chamber 3 has an installation chamber 4 for installing grinding tools. The assembly chamber 3 is equipped with a push structure 5 that is connected to the grinding tools. The push structure 5 is used to push the grinding tools located in the assembly chamber 3 out of the holder 1 and reach the processing position. The push structure 5 (which is a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric push rod, etc.) provides linear driving force for the grinding tools to enter and exit the holder 1, and prepares for the subsequent extension and retraction of the grinding tools in the assembly chamber 3 to complete tool changing and processing.

[0036] Several fixed rods 6 are arranged around the two opposite side walls of the motion channel 2. A drive structure 7 is provided between the assembly chamber 3 and the opposite side wall of the motion channel 2 to drive the fixed rods 6 to move synchronously. The annular or rectangular assembly area formed by the fixed rods 6 provides a precise and constrained positioning space for the assembly chamber 3. Furthermore, when the rotating structure 8 drives the assembly chamber 3 to rotate within this space, it provides circumferential positioning for the rotation of the assembly chamber 3.

[0037] Once the assembly chamber 3 enters the assembly area enclosed by several fixed rods 6, the rotating structure 8 within the assembly chamber 3 drives the grinding tool located within the assembly chamber 3 to rotate within the assembly area. When actually machining the crankshaft oil hole, the entire tool changer needs to be moved near the crankshaft oil hole by a robotic arm, ensuring that the outlet of the assembly chamber 3 is coaxial with the crankshaft oil hole. Subsequently, the assembly chamber 3 moves laterally within the movement channel 2 of the retainer 1, entering the assembly area enclosed by the fixed rods 6 and being limited by them. At this time, the rotating structure 8 activates, driving the grinding tool located within the assembly chamber 3 to rotate, aligning the grinding tool with the machining direction. The pushing structure 5 actuates, pushing the grinding tool out of the assembly chamber 3, allowing it to extend out of the retainer 1 and reach the preset machining position to grind grooves in the crankshaft oil hole. After processing is completed, push structure 5 is retracted, and the grinding tool is pulled back into assembly chamber 3. Then, the retainer 1 remains stationary and assembly chamber 3 is replaced again. Different grinding tools are used to process the crankshaft oil holes again, ensuring that the grinding tool can be accurately positioned to the same processing reference position after each tool change. This effectively eliminates repeated positioning errors and ensures the consistency of chamfer depth and angle of each oil hole.

[0038] In some technical solutions of this invention, the assembly chamber 3 includes an outer chamber 12, an inner chamber 13, and a fixed base 16. The grinding tool is installed inside the inner chamber 13. The pushing structure 5 is installed inside the outer chamber 12 and then fixedly connected to the inner chamber 13. The outer chamber 12 is set in the movement channel 2 through the fixed base 16, and several fixed rods 6 rotate within the movement channel 2. The assembly chamber 3 is designed as a nested structure of the outer chamber 12 and the inner chamber 13. The inner chamber 13 serves as the direct carrier of the grinding tool and can slide axially within the outer chamber 12 under the action of thrust, realizing the extension and retraction of the grinding tool. Furthermore, the outer chamber 12 is responsible for connecting with the fixed base 16 and providing an interface for rotation and fixation; the inner chamber 13 is responsible for clamping the grinding tool and realizing linear motion. Combining rotational and linear feed functions simplifies the structural complexity of individual components, reduces maintenance costs, and avoids swaying during the extension of the grinding tool.

[0039] In some technical solutions of this invention, a locking rod 17, which is linked to the pushing structure 5, is provided on the side wall of the inner chamber 13. When the pushing structure 5 pushes the inner chamber 13 and the grinding tool out and moves out of the retainer 1 to the processing position, the pushing structure 5 causes the locking rod 17 to be partially embedded in the side wall of the outer chamber 12 to fix the inner chamber 13 to the outer chamber 12. The axial movement of the pushing structure 5 is converted into the radial movement of the locking rod 17, so that it is embedded in the locking hole or groove of the outer chamber 12 like a pin, thereby achieving mechanical locking. During cutting, the locking mechanism rigidly connects the inner chamber 13 and the outer chamber 12 into one unit, effectively preventing the grinding tool from slightly retracting or vibrating when subjected to force, ensuring the stability of the processing and the surface quality of the chamfer at the orifice. When the pushing structure 5 pushes the inner chamber 13 and the grinding tool to the processing position, the pushing structure 5 simultaneously acts on the locking rod 17, and a portion of the locking rod 17 is driven by external force to embed into the side wall of the outer chamber 12. During processing, the inner chamber 13 is firmly fixed to the outer chamber 12 by the locking rod 17, preventing the grinding tool from accidentally retracting due to vibration or resistance during processing, thus ensuring processing safety.

[0040] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the pushing structure 5 includes a rod 18 installed on the top of the inner cabin 13 and a push rod structure 19. The body of the push rod structure 19 is connected to the inner wall of the outer cabin 12. A sliding sleeve 20 sleeved on the rod 18 is provided on the telescopic end of the push rod structure 19. A limiting ring 21 for restricting the movement of the inner cabin 13 is provided inside the outer cabin 12. A pressure ring 22 is sleeved on the outer side wall of the rod 18. The locking rod 17 rotates to the top of the inner cabin 13. A lever arm 23 connected to the locking rod 17 is hinged on the side wall of the pressure ring 22. A return spring 24 abutting against the pressure ring 22 is provided on the outer side wall of the rod 18.

[0041] When the push rod structure 19 pushes the sliding sleeve 20 to push the pressure ring 22 downward along the rod body 18, the pressure ring 22 pushes the locking rod 17 radially along the outer compartment 12 via the lever arm 23, and then embeds it into the outer compartment 12. The linear thrust of the push rod, through the up and down movement of the pressure ring 22, and using the lever arm 23 for the radial linear movement of the locking rod 17, pushes out the grinding tool. Then, the push rod structure 19 again pushes the sliding sleeve 20 downward along the rod body 18. The sliding sleeve 20 pushes the pressure ring 22 downward against the force of the return spring 24. The pressure ring 22, through the lever arm 23 hinged to it, transmits the force to the locking rod 17, forcing the locking rod 17 to move radially outward along the outer compartment 12, and finally embeds it into the inner wall of the outer compartment 12. When the push rod structure 19 retracts, under the action of the return spring 24, the pressure ring 22 moves upward, pulling the locking rod 17 back through the lever arm 23, releasing the lock. The two key actions of "pushing out the grinding tool" and "locking the inner chamber" are completed simultaneously by a single power source (push rod structure 19), which simplifies the control system, improves response speed and operational reliability, and enhances impact resistance and creep resistance through mechanical locking.

[0042] In some technical solutions of this invention, the center of the circle containing the rotating frame 10 and the center of the circle containing the motion channel 2 are coaxial. By making the rotating frame 10 and the motion channel 2 coaxial, it is ensured that the motion trajectory of all assembly chambers 3 on the rotating frame 10 is consistent with the center of the assembly area when rotating. This ensures that each assembly chamber 3 achieves the same positional accuracy when entering the assembly area. It eliminates positioning errors that may be caused by eccentricity.

[0043] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the drive structure 7 includes an adjusting strip 25 arranged horizontally on the outer wall of the fixed seat 16. The outer wall of the fixed seat 16 has a locking groove 26 that matches the fixed rod 6. A push rod 27 is slidably arranged on the outer wall of the retainer 1. A pressure plate 28, hinged to the push rod 27, is rotatably arranged on the top of the retainer 1. Both fixed rods 6 abut against the pressure plate 28. An adjusting spring 29 connected to the retainer 1 is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed rod 6. A first inclined surface 30 is formed on the side wall of the adjusting strip 25, and a second inclined surface 31 matching the first inclined surface 30 is provided at the end of the push rod 27. When the assembly chamber 3 needs to enter or leave the assembly area, the adjusting strip 25 on its fixed seat 16 contacts the end of the push rod 27. Through the interaction of the first inclined surface 30 and the second inclined surface 31, the adjusting strip 25 presses against the push rod 27, causing it to retract. This causes the push rod 27 and pressure plate 28 to press against the two fixed rods 6, causing them to overcome the force of the adjusting spring 29 and move synchronously inward or outward, thereby opening or closing the assembly area enclosed by the fixed rods 6. This ensures that the two opposing fixed rods 6 always move synchronously, keeping the assembly area they form always in the center position, thus reliably gripping or releasing the fixing seat 16 of the assembly chamber 3 and positioning the assembly chamber 3 within this area. This ensures that each assembly chamber 3 achieves the same positional accuracy when entering the assembly area, eliminating positioning errors that may be caused by eccentricity.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Based on Embodiment 1 of this invention, a further improved technical solution is provided. A mounting base 9 is installed between the output end of the robotic arm and the retainer 1. The mounting base 9, retainer 1, and the commonly referred to end of the robotic arm are all detachably connected by bolts. The number of assembly chambers 3 is at least two, preferably six. A rotating frame 10 is installed inside the mounting chamber 4. The rotating frame 10 is connected end-to-end in a ring shape, and several assembly chambers 3 are arranged around the side wall of the rotating frame 10. Using the ring-shaped rotating frame 10 as a carrier, and integrating multiple assembly chambers 3 on its side wall, a compact rotary tool magazine is formed, integrating and quickly selecting multiple grinding tools. Different processes (such as roughing and finishing) or quick replacement of worn grinding tools can be completed in a single clamping operation, greatly expanding processing capacity and flexibility. The ring-shaped layout of the assembly chambers 3 prevents the entire tool changing device from being too bulky when mounted on the robotic arm, maintaining the flexibility of the robotic arm.

[0046] The mounting base 9 is equipped with a guide structure 11 for guiding the rotating frame 10 to rotate within the motion channel 2. The guide structure 11 includes a ring-shaped guide bar installed on its outer side wall along the circumference of the rotating frame 10. The fixed base 16 and the mounting chamber 4 are both provided with guide grooves that match the guide bar. Through the cooperation of the "guide bar" and the "guide groove", precise guidance and radial constraint are provided for the rotational movement of the rotating frame 10, ensuring smooth operation and accurate positioning, preventing shaking, and improving the accuracy of the structure during operation.

[0047] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the rotating structure 8 includes a drive motor mounted on the mounting base 9. A drive gear 33 is provided on the output end of the drive motor, and a toothed belt 34 is mounted on the side wall of the rotating frame 10. The drive gear 33 meshes with the toothed belt 34. When the drive motor starts, it drives the drive gear 33 to rotate. The drive gear 33 drives the toothed belt 34 to rotate on the rack and rotating frame 10. This allows different types of grinding tools to be adjusted and placed into the assembly area in preparation for the next grinding operation.

[0048] The rotating structure 8 includes a second drive motor 36 installed in the fixed base 16, and the outer cabin 12 is connected to the second drive motor 36 in a transmission connection.

[0049] The processing steps for this structure are as follows:

[0050] The robotic arm moves to move the cage 1 to a preparatory position close to the crankshaft oil hole;

[0051] The drive structure 7 is activated to cause the plurality of fixed rods 6 to move synchronously to form or open the assembly area; the rotating structure 8 drives the rotating frame 10 to rotate the assembly chamber 3 carrying the target grinding tool and enter the assembly area enclosed by the fixed rods 6.

[0052] The drive structure 7 is activated, and the fixing rod 6 locks the fixing seat 16 of the assembly chamber 3 in the assembly area;

[0053] The rotating structure 8 drives the assembly chamber 3 and the grinding tool inside it, which are locked in the assembly area, to rotate until the cutting edge of the grinding tool matches the spatial angle of the crankshaft oil hole to be processed.

[0054] The actuation of the push structure 5 pushes the inner chamber 13 and the grinding tool to extend axially out of the retainer 1 and reach the preset processing position;

[0055] At the same time or after the grinding tool reaches the processing position, the pushing structure 5 is linked with the locking rod 17, so that it is partially embedded in the side wall of the outer housing 12, and the inner housing 13 is rigidly locked to the outer housing 12 to form a stable processing state; then the second drive motor 36 drives the outer housing 12 to rotate in the fixed seat 16 to process the crankshaft oil hole.

[0056] After processing is completed, the pushing structure 5 moves in the opposite direction, first releasing the locking rod 17, and then pulling the inner chamber 13 and the grinding tool back into the outer chamber 12;

[0057] The drive structure 7 actuates, releasing the lock on the fixed seat 16, and the fixed rod 6 resets, preparing for the entry of the next assembly chamber 3.

[0058] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool changing device for chamfering crankshaft oil holes, characterized in that, Includes a retainer (1) installed on the output end of the robotic arm, wherein a motion channel (2) is provided in the retainer (1), and an assembly compartment (3) is installed in the motion channel (2); The assembly chamber (3) is provided with an installation chamber (4) for installing grinding tools. The assembly chamber (3) is provided with a push structure (5) that is connected to the grinding tools in a transmission. The push structure (5) is used to push the grinding tools located in the assembly chamber (3) out of the retainer (1) and reach the processing position. Several fixed rods (6) are arranged around the two opposite side walls of the motion channel (2), and a drive structure (7) is provided between the assembly chamber (3) and the opposite side wall of the motion channel (2) to drive the several fixed rods (6) to move synchronously. When the assembly chamber (3) enters the assembly area formed by a number of fixed rods (6), the rotating structure (8) set in the assembly chamber (3) drives the grinding tool located in the assembly chamber (3) to rotate in the assembly area; a mounting base (9) is installed between the output end of the robotic arm and the retainer (1), and there are a number of assembly chambers (3); a rotating frame (10) is installed in the mounting chamber (4), and the rotating frame (10) is connected end to end to form a ring, and a number of assembly chambers (3) are arranged around the side wall of the rotating frame (10); The assembly compartment (3) includes an outer compartment (12), an inner compartment (13), and a fixed seat (16). The grinding tool is installed in the inner compartment (13). The pushing structure (5) is installed in the outer compartment (12) and then fixedly connected to the inner compartment (13). The outer compartment (12) is set in the movement channel (2) through the fixed seat (16) and then has several fixed rods (6) to restrict its rotation in the movement channel (2). The inner chamber (13) has a locking rod (17) that is linked to the push structure (5) on its side wall. When the push structure (5) pushes the inner chamber (13) and the grinding tool out and moves out of the retainer (1) to the processing position, the push structure (5) causes the locking rod (17) to be partially embedded in the side wall of the outer chamber (12) to fix the inner chamber (13) on the outer chamber (12).

2. The tool changing device for chamfering crankshaft oil holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting base (9) is provided with a guide structure (11) for guiding the rotating frame (10) to rotate within the motion channel (2); the guide structure (11) includes a ring-shaped guide strip installed on its outer side wall along the circumference of the rotating frame (10), and the fixed base (16) and the mounting chamber (4) are both provided with guide grooves that match the guide strip.

3. The tool changing device for chamfering crankshaft oil holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pushing structure (5) includes a rod (18) installed on the top of the inner cabin (13) and a push rod structure (19). The body of the push rod structure (19) is connected to the outer cabin (12). The telescopic end of the push rod structure (19) is provided with a sliding sleeve (20) sleeved on the rod (18). The outer cabin (12) is provided with a limiting ring (21) for restricting the movement of the inner cabin (13). A pressure ring (22) is sleeved on the outer side wall of the rod (18). The locking rod (17) is rotatably disposed on the top of the inner cabin (13). A lever arm (23) connected to the locking rod (17) is hinged on the side wall of the pressure ring (22). A return spring (24) abuts against the pressure ring (22) is provided on the outer side wall of the rod (18). When the push rod structure (19) pushes the sliding sleeve (20) to push the pressure ring (22) to move downward along the rod body (18), the pressure ring (22) pushes the locking rod (17) to move radially along the outer cabin body (12) through the lever arm (23) and then embeds itself into the outer cabin body (12).

4. The tool changing device for chamfering crankshaft oil holes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The center of the circle containing the rotating frame (10) and the center of the circle containing the motion channel (2) are coaxial.

5. The tool changing device for chamfering crankshaft oil holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive structure (7) includes an adjustment strip (25) arranged horizontally on the outer wall of the fixed seat (16). The outer wall of the fixed seat (16) is provided with a locking groove (26) that matches the fixed rod (6). The outer wall of the retainer (1) is slidably provided with a push rod (27). The top of the retainer (1) is rotatably provided with a pressure plate (28) that is hinged to the push rod (27). Both fixed rods (6) abut against the pressure plate (28). The outer wall of the fixed rod (6) is sleeved with an adjustment spring (29) that is connected to the retainer (1). The side wall of the adjustment strip (25) is provided with a first inclined surface (30). The end of the push rod (27) is provided with a second inclined surface (31) that matches the first inclined surface (30).

6. The tool changing device for chamfering crankshaft oil holes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating structure (8) includes a first drive motor (32) mounted on the mounting base (9), and a drive gear (33) is provided on the output end of the first drive motor (32). A toothed belt (34) is mounted on the side wall of the rotating frame (10), and the drive gear (33) meshes with the toothed belt (34).

7. The tool changing device for chamfering crankshaft oil holes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rotating structure (8) includes a second drive motor (36) installed in the fixed base (16), and the outer cabin (12) is connected to the second drive motor (36) in a transmission connection.

8. A machining method for a tool changing device based on crankshaft oil hole chamfering, as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The robotic arm moves to move the cage (1) to a preparatory position close to the crankshaft oil hole; The drive structure (7) is activated to make several fixed rods (6) move synchronously to form or open the assembly area; the rotating frame (10) is driven by the rotating structure (8) to make the assembly chamber (3) carrying the target grinding tool rotate and enter the assembly area enclosed by the fixed rods (6); The drive structure (7) is activated, and the fixing rod (6) locks the fixing seat (16) of the assembly chamber (3) in the assembly area; The rotating structure (8) drives the assembly chamber (3) locked in the assembly area and the grinding tool therein to rotate until the cutting edge of the grinding tool matches the spatial angle of the crankshaft oil hole to be processed. The push structure (5) is activated to push the inner chamber (13) and the grinding tool to extend axially out of the retainer (1) and reach the preset processing position; At the same time or after the grinding tool reaches the processing position, the pushing structure (5) is linked with the locking rod (17) to partially embed it into the side wall of the outer compartment (12), rigidly locking the inner compartment (13) and the outer compartment (12) to form a stable processing state; then the second drive motor (36) drives the outer compartment (12) to rotate in the fixed seat (16) to process the crankshaft oil hole; After processing, the pushing structure (5) moves in the opposite direction, first releasing the locking rod (17) and then pulling the inner chamber (13) and grinding tool back into the outer chamber (12); The drive structure (7) is activated, releasing the lock on the fixed seat (16), and the fixed rod (6) is reset, preparing for the entry of the next assembly chamber (3).

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