Fishway with rotary subsidence type resting pool

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ecological protection of water conservancy and hydropower, and particularly relates to a fishway with rotary subsidence type rest pools, which comprises a vertical joint type fishway arranged on a bank slope on one side of a dam, and a fishway pool chamber is formed between two adjacent fishway partitions of the vertical joint type fishway; the vertical joint type fishway further comprises a plurality of rest pools arranged at intervals along the running direction of the vertical joint type fishway; the rest pools are arranged at positions below the fishway bottom plate; an opening is arranged on one fishway side wall to serve as a rest pool inlet, and the rest pool inlet and the rest pool are connected through a first arc-shaped channel; an opening is arranged on the other fishway side wall to serve as a rest pool outlet, and the rest pool outlet and the rest pool are connected through a second arc-shaped channel; a flow guide pipe is connected to each rest pool to guide water in the rest pool to a river channel downstream of the dam. The rest pools of the fishway are arranged in a rotary subsidence type, which breaks the industry problem of long fishway layout caused by the series arrangement of the traditional rest pools and the fishway pool chambers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection technology, and in particular to a fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool. Background Technology

[0002] Fishway resting pools are key structures in fishway systems, specifically designed to provide migratory fish with a temporary resting place to recover their energy during their upstream migration. The main functions of these pools are to slow the water flow to reduce the energy expenditure of fish swimming upstream for extended periods, regulate the rhythm of the fish schools to prevent fish from being overly long or steep, and promote fish colonization to help juvenile individuals continue upstream using the strength of the group.

[0003] Most rivers and lakes where fishways are located are rich in fish resources and have large populations. The fish have different swimming abilities, foraging and migration habits, and the uniform layout of fishway resting pools is often difficult to meet the needs of the fish. For example, fish with weak swimming ability need to stop and rest temporarily when passing through the fishway resting pool section, but fish with strong swimming ability and migration needs do not need to stop. Instead, they need strong water flow stimulation to swim upstream. The gentle water flow and slope of the fishway resting pool section cannot provide the induction conditions for these fish, which restricts the efficiency of fish swimming upstream. At the same time, the parallel layout of multiple resting pools makes the fishway too long and occupies too much space.

[0004] In existing technologies, there are cases of adapting to water level fluctuations by innovatively modifying the type of resting pools. For example, patent application CN115419028A discloses a tidal estuary fishway with sunken resting pools and its design method, providing two fishway design methods: maintaining the net length of the fishway pool chamber and maintaining the total length of the fishway. This solves the problem that fish entering the fishway from the downstream waters during high tide cannot migrate upstream in one go. Fish can hide in the various levels of sunken resting pools and start their upstream migration from their hiding places during the next high tide. However, in the aforementioned prior art CN115419028A, the alternating arrangement of the fishway pool chambers and resting pools results in an excessively long longitudinal layout of the fishway, making the waste of fishway space even more prominent. However, different fish have significantly different swimming abilities. During upstream migration, fish with stronger swimming abilities have little need to rest and stay in certain resting pools. The slow water flow and slope conditions when swimming through the resting pools actually have a negative effect on their upstream migration.

[0005] For example, patent application CN119021164B discloses a double-layered, multi-level fishway structure. This structure divides the fishway chamber into an upper overflow zone and a lower submerged outflow zone via a hump weir section. The upper overflow zone guides jumping fish into the weir section, while the lower submerged outflow zone attracts bottom-dwelling fish to swim upstream through a circular channel section. The two multi-level sections are connected by a resting pool section. This patent creates different water depth conditions suitable for fish with different habitat preferences to swim upstream. However, it still fails to solve the problem of the longitudinal resting pool layout affecting the length of the fishway, making it difficult to overcome the problem of the fishway occupying too much space. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to propose a fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool, in order to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool, comprising a vertically slit fishway installed on one side slope of a dam. The vertically slit fishway includes a fishway floor, fishway partitions, and fishway sidewalls, with a fishway pool chamber formed between adjacent partitions. It also includes multiple resting pools spaced apart along the direction of the vertically slit fishway. Each resting pool is located below the fishway floor. An opening is provided in one sidewall of the fishway as a resting pool inlet, connected to the resting pool via a first arc-shaped channel. An opening is provided in another sidewall of the fishway as a resting pool outlet, connected to the resting pool via a second arc-shaped channel. A guide pipe is connected to each resting pool to divert water from the resting pool to the downstream river channel of the dam.

[0008] Preferably, a gate is provided at the outlet of the rest pool.

[0009] Preferably, the inlet of the rest pool is located in the reflux area of ​​the fishway pool chamber.

[0010] Preferably, one side of the rest pool is a convex bank and the other side is a concave bank; a diversion sill is arranged in the rest pool, and the diversion sill is located between the convex bank and the concave bank; a first region is formed between the convex bank and the diversion sill; a second region is formed between the concave bank and the diversion sill; and the bottom elevation of the first region is higher than the bottom elevation of the second region.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom plate of the first area is paved with gravel to form a side beach; the bottom plate of the second area is paved with boulders to form a deep pool.

[0012] Preferably, aquatic plants are planted in the resting pool.

[0013] Preferably, a slope adjustment mechanism is provided in the second arc-shaped channel.

[0014] Preferably, the slope adjustment mechanism includes a first movable plate, a second movable plate, and a hydraulic telescopic cylinder; the upstream end of the first movable plate is hinged to the bottom of the rest pool outlet; the upstream end of the second movable plate is hinged to the downstream end of the first movable plate; the cylinder body of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder is installed in the bottom plate of the second arc-shaped channel, and the telescopic rod of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder abuts against the hinge joint between the first and second movable plates; the downstream end of the second movable plate hangs down naturally and abuts against the bottom plate of the second arc-shaped channel.

[0015] Preferably, a fish finder is installed on the side wall at the inlet of the second arc-shaped channel.

[0016] Preferably, a resting pool is provided every 10 to 15 fish passage pools.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] (1) Innovative integrated ecological space for fish resting ponds. This invention places the resting pond below the bottom slab of the fishway and connects it to the vertical slit fishway using a first and second arc-shaped channel, forming a rotating, sunken resting pond structure. This adds a resting place for fish without changing the length of the original vertical slit fishway, overcoming the industry problem of excessively long longitudinal fishway layout caused by the alternating arrangement of fishway chambers and resting ponds in existing technologies. This creates an ecological space for fishway resting ponds that provides directional fish migration and multiple ecological functions such as temporary rest, breeding, foraging, and hiding.

[0019] (2) Improve the spatial layout efficiency of vertical slotted fishway. The present invention arranges the fishway rest pool in a rotating and sunken type, which is particularly suitable for areas with limited space in high mountains and canyons. It provides new inspiration for promoting the scientific and refined layout of fishways in dam construction projects. At the same time, in view of the complex swimming abilities of fish in actual engineering applications, it improves the fishway's ability to divert fish with different swimming abilities, and further improves the efficiency of fish passage.

[0020] (3) Constructing an efficient and precise fish backtracking channel. The present invention utilizes a slope adjustment mechanism formed by the first movable plate, the second movable plate, and the hydraulic telescopic cylinder to adjust the water flow slope in the second arc-shaped channel, thereby adjusting the water flow velocity flowing from the outlet of the resting pool into the resting pool. This creates various conditions to guide the fish backtracking into the fish passage chamber, providing an efficient and precise fish backtracking channel. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is the overall plan layout of the fishway provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A partial structural diagram of the fish passage provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the rest pool in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second movable plates being lifted by the hydraulic telescopic cylinder in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a partial side view of the fish passage structure provided by the present invention.

[0027] Attached diagrams and their symbols: 1. Dam; 2. Vertical slotted fishway; 201. Fishway floor; 202. Fishway partition; 203. Fishway sidewall; 3. Resting pool; 301. Resting pool entrance; 302. First arc-shaped channel; 303. Second arc-shaped channel; 304. Resting pool outlet; 305. Gate; 306. Diversion sill; 307. Convex bank; 308. Concave bank; 309. First area; 310. Second area; 4. Drainage pipe; 5. First movable plate; 6. Second movable plate; 7. Hydraulic telescopic cylinder; 8. Fish finder. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0030] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0031] Combination Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a fishway with a rotating and sunken resting pool includes a vertical slotted fishway 2 set on one bank slope of a dam 1. The vertical slotted fishway 2 includes a fishway bottom plate 201, a fishway partition 202 and a fishway side wall 203. A fishway pool chamber is formed between two adjacent fishway partitions 202. It also includes a plurality of resting pools 3 arranged at intervals along the direction of the vertical slotted fishway 2. Specifically, a resting pool 3 is set every 10 to 15 fishway pool chambers. The resting pool 3 is located below the fishway bottom plate 201. An opening 301 is provided on one sidewall of the fishway 203 as the resting pool inlet, connected to the resting pool 3 via a first arc-shaped channel 302. An opening 304 is provided on the other sidewall of the fishway 203 as the resting pool outlet, connected to the resting pool 3 via a second arc-shaped channel 303. Water from the vertical slotted fishway 2 can flow into the resting pool 3 through the inlet 301 and the first arc-shaped channel 302, or through the outlet 304 and the second arc-shaped channel 303. A guide pipe 4 is connected to each resting pool 3 to divert water above the normal operating water level to the downstream river channel of the dam, or, depending on the actual situation, to divert water to the downstream fishway inlet to enhance the fish-attracting water flow conditions.

[0032] By adopting the above structure, the first arc-shaped channel 302, the resting pool 3, and the second arc-shaped channel 303 together form a rotating and sunken resting pool structure. Without changing the length of the original vertical slit fishway, a resting place for fish is added, breaking the industry problem of the long fishway layout caused by the traditional arrangement of resting pools and fishway chambers in series, and further improving the efficiency of fish passage in the fishway.

[0033] In this embodiment, the rest pool inlet 301 is located in the reflux zone of the fishway chamber. The water flow conditions in the reflux zone are relatively stable and slow, which can attract fish with weak swimming ability that need to rest to stay here temporarily and slide into the rest pool 3 with the current from the rest pool inlet 301. In addition, in order to prevent fish in the rest pool 3 from migrating back to the fishway chamber from the first arc-shaped channel 302, the slope of the first arc-shaped channel 302 is set to be greater than the maximum flow tolerance slope of the target fish passage in the river section.

[0034] Combination Figure 3 As shown, a gate 305 is provided at the outlet 304 of the rest pool to regulate the flow rate and velocity of the water in the second arc-shaped channel 303.

[0035] Combination Figure 3 As shown, the upstream side of the resting pool 3 is a convex bank 307, and the downstream side is a concave bank 308. A diversion sill 306 is arranged in the resting pool 3, and the diversion sill 306 is located between the convex bank 307 and the concave bank 308. A first region 309 is formed between the convex bank 307 and the diversion sill 306; a second region 310 is formed between the concave bank 308 and the diversion sill 306; and the bottom elevation of the first region 309 is higher than that of the second region 310. Further, gravel is laid on the bottom of the first region 309. Due to the higher bottom elevation of the first region 309, the laying of gravel creates a relatively shallow side beach. Rocks are laid on the bottom of the second region 310. Due to the relatively lower bottom elevation of the second region 310, the laying of rocks creates a relatively deep small pool. The water-blocking effect of the rocks further enhances the backwater effect of the small pool.

[0036] In addition, in this embodiment, aquatic plants are planted in the resting pool 3. These aquatic plants are native aquatic plants that are adapted to local conditions. The purpose of planting aquatic plants is to provide fish with a heterogeneous space for hiding and reproduction.

[0037] Combination Figure 4 As shown, a slope adjustment mechanism is provided in the second arc-shaped channel 303 to adjust the water flow slope in the second arc-shaped channel. Specifically, the slope adjustment mechanism includes a first movable plate 5, a second movable plate 6, and a hydraulic telescopic cylinder 7; the upstream end of the first movable plate 5 is hinged to the bottom of the rest pool outlet 304; the upstream end of the second movable plate 6 is hinged to the downstream end of the first movable plate 5; the cylinder body of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 7 is installed in the bottom plate of the second arc-shaped channel 303, and the telescopic rod of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 7 abuts against the hinge part of the first movable plate 5 and the second movable plate 6; the downstream end of the second movable plate 6 hangs down naturally and abuts against the bottom plate of the second arc-shaped channel 303.

[0038] By controlling the extension length of the telescopic rod of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 7, the tilt angles of the first movable plate 5 and the second movable plate 6 can be adjusted. Combined with the control of the water flow rate by the gate 305, the flow rate of the water flowing into the resting pool from the outlet 304 can be adjusted, which can create various conditions to guide the fish back into the fish passage chamber and provide an efficient and precise fish back-tracing channel.

[0039] Combination Figure 4 As shown, a fish finder 8 is installed on the side wall at the inlet of the second arc-shaped channel 8.

[0040] The fishway with a rotating submerged resting pool provided in this embodiment operates on the following principle:

[0041] S1, Fish School Separation

[0042] When the fish swim upstream in the fishway chamber of the vertical slit fishway 2, the fish with stronger swimming ability are stimulated by the slope of the chamber and the water flow conditions, and continue to swim upstream to the next level fishway chamber. The fish with weaker swimming ability approach the inlet 301 of the resting pool in the fishway return area, and slide downstream along the first arc-shaped channel 302 into the resting pool 3 under the action of the downflow.

[0043] S2, Fish School Temporarily Remains

[0044] The fish enter resting pool 3, which features a natural-looking small pebble beach, a deep pool, and alternating aquatic plants, providing the fish with a multifunctional small ecological space for temporary rest, reproduction, foraging, and hiding.

[0045] S3, Fish School Backtracking

[0046] When the fish finder 8 on the second arc-shaped channel 303 detects a large number of fish gathering, the opening of the gate 305 and the extension length of the telescopic rod of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 7 can be adjusted manually to adjust the water flow rate and velocity in the second arc-shaped channel 303, creating suitable reverse slope and reverse water flow conditions for the fish to migrate back, and finally guiding the fish to migrate back into the fish passage pool chamber through the rest pool outlet 304.

[0047] The fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool provided in this embodiment has the following main functions:

[0048] First, the slope of the first arc-shaped channel 302 is greater than the maximum flow tolerance slope of the target fish passage in the river section, which can guide the fish into the resting pool 3. The small gravel beach, deep pool, and aquatic plants in the resting pool 3 create a simulated natural space, providing fish with conditions for temporary rest, reproduction, foraging, and hiding, among other ecological functions. The external uphill section guides the fish back into the fishway through directional guidance. Therefore, the fishway provided in this embodiment provides fish with a comprehensive ecological space with directional migration and other functions, further expanding and enriching the functional benefits of the fishway resting pool.

[0049] Secondly, this fishway can also improve the spatial layout efficiency of vertical slotted fishways. By arranging the resting pool 3 in a rotating sunken type, it breaks through the industry problem of the long fishway layout caused by the traditional arrangement of resting pools and fishway chambers in alternating series. It is particularly suitable for areas with limited space in high mountain canyons, and provides new inspiration for promoting the scientific and refined layout of fishways in dam construction projects. At the same time, in view of the complex swimming abilities of fish in actual engineering applications, it improves the fish diversion capacity inside the fishway, and further enhances the fish passage efficiency of the vertical slotted fishway.

[0050] Furthermore, an efficient and precise fish migration channel is constructed. By incorporating a slope adjustment mechanism within the second arc-shaped channel 303, and combining this with the gate 305 at the resting pool outlet 304 to control water flow and velocity, suitable reverse slope descent and reverse flow conditions are created for fish migration. The slope creation process of the first movable plate 5 and the second movable plate 6 achieves efficient and precise control of the fish migration. The articulated joint-like adjustment of slope and water flow formed by the first movable plate 5 and the second movable plate 6 ensures all conditions are met for guiding the fish from the resting pool back into the fishway chamber, thus creating an efficient and precise fish migration channel.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fishway with a rotating, sunken resting pool, comprising a vertically slit fishway (2) set on one side slope of a dam (1), the vertically slit fishway (2) comprising a fishway bottom plate (201), fishway partitions (202) and fishway sidewalls (203), wherein a fishway pool chamber is formed between two adjacent fishway partitions (202); characterized in that: It also includes multiple resting pools (3) that are spaced out along the vertical slit fishway (2); The resting pool (3) is located below the bottom plate (201) of the fishway; An opening is provided on one of the fish passage side walls (203) to serve as a rest pool entrance (301), and the rest pool entrance (301) is connected to the rest pool (3) through a first arc-shaped channel (302); An opening is provided on another fishway sidewall (203) as a rest pool outlet (304), and the rest pool outlet (304) is connected to the rest pool (3) by a second arc-shaped channel (303); Each rest pool (3) is connected to a guide pipe (4) for diverting water from the rest pool (3) to the downstream river channel of the dam.

2. A fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gate (305) is provided at the outlet (304) of the rest pool.

3. A fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rest pool entrance (301) is located in the reflux area of ​​the fishway pool chamber.

4. A fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rest pool (3) has a convex bank (307) on one side and a concave bank (308) on the other side. A diversion sill (306) is arranged in the rest pool (3), and the diversion sill (306) is located between the convex bank (307) and the concave bank (308); a first region (309) is formed between the convex bank (307) and the diversion sill (306); a second region (310) is formed between the concave bank (308) and the diversion sill (306); and the bottom elevation of the first region (309) is higher than the bottom elevation of the second region (310).

5. A fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the first area (309), the base plate is paved with gravel; in the second area (310), the base plate is paved with boulders.

6. A fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Aquatic plants are planted in the resting pool (3).

7. A fishway with a rotating submerged resting pool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A slope adjustment mechanism is provided in the second arc-shaped channel (303).

8. A fishway with a rotating submerged resting pool according to claim 7, characterized in that, The slope adjustment mechanism includes a first movable plate (5), a second movable plate (6), and a hydraulic telescopic cylinder (7); The upstream end of the first movable plate (5) is hinged to the bottom of the rest pool outlet (304); the upstream end of the second movable plate (6) is hinged to the downstream end of the first movable plate (5); The cylinder body of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder (7) is installed in the bottom plate of the second arc-shaped channel (303), and the telescopic rod of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder (7) abuts against the hinge part of the first movable plate (5) and the second movable plate (6). The downstream end of the second movable plate (6) hangs down naturally and abuts against the bottom plate of the second arc-shaped channel (303).

9. A fishway with a rotating submerged resting pool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fish finder (8) is installed on the side wall at the inlet of the second arc-shaped channel (303).

10. A fishway with a rotating, submerged resting pool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A resting pool is set up every 10 to 15 fish passages (3).

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