A fracturing lance with a protection mechanism and a method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and particularly relates to a fracturing spray gun with a protection mechanism and a method. The present application comprises a spray gun body and a protection mechanism; the protection mechanism is connected to the outer sidewall of the spray gun body; the two ends of the spray gun body are respectively provided with a connecting thread and a connecting cylinder connected to the release end of fracturing fluid; a nozzle is arranged on the sidewall of the spray gun body, the center position of the nozzle is provided with a spout, and the jet hole in the spout is obliquely arranged so that the fracturing fluid and sand rebounding in the opposite direction rebound onto the protection mechanism at a set angle; a through hole is formed in the sidewall of the protection mechanism at a position corresponding to the spout on the sidewall of the spray gun body. The present application can automatically adjust according to the working state of the fracturing spray gun, effectively buffer the impact of the fracturing fluid rebounding, enhance the protection of the fracturing spray gun, and implement all-round protection of the fracturing spray gun. The present application not only simplifies the operation, but also improves the reliability and service life of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field development technology, specifically relating to a fracturing nozzle with a protective mechanism and a method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] In coiled tubing hydraulic jet fracturing, a spray gun carrying fracturing fluid is used to spray sand onto the wellbore to complete the fracturing. However, in actual use, splash erosion can damage the spray gun, reducing its service life. Current technology aims to reduce damage by setting the nozzle of the spray gun at an angle, causing the splashed fracturing fluid to reflect at a specific angle and avoid erosion at the nozzle. However, in actual use, other parts of the spray gun are still subject to splashing fracturing fluid, further reducing its service life. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a tool to extend the service life of the spray gun.

[0003] For example, patent publication number CN201810433328.0 mentions a spray gun, but other parts of the spray gun are still subject to backflow of fracturing fluid, resulting in a reduced service life of the spray gun. Patent publication number CN201220655316.0 mentions a highly splash-resistant sandblasting perforation fracturing spray gun, but the protective cover of this device needs to be replaced after each fracturing operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a fracturing spray gun and method with a protective mechanism. The purpose is to provide a device and method that can effectively reduce or even eliminate the erosive effect of fracturing fluid splashing on various parts of the spray gun, significantly improve the service life of the spray gun, and reduce operating costs and maintenance complexity.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A fracturing nozzle with a protective mechanism includes a nozzle body and a protective mechanism; the protective mechanism is connected to the outer wall of the nozzle body; one end of the nozzle body is provided with a connecting thread for connecting to the release end of fracturing fluid, and the other end is provided with a connecting cylinder; a nozzle is provided on the side wall of the nozzle body, and a nozzle orifice is provided at the center of the nozzle, with the jet hole in the nozzle orifice being inclined so that the splashed fracturing fluid and sand bounce back to the protective mechanism at a set angle; a through hole is opened on the side wall of the protective mechanism at a position corresponding to the nozzle on the side wall of the nozzle body; the protective mechanism includes a protective cylinder and a protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism; the protective cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the nozzle body, and the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism connects the protective cylinder and the nozzle body.

[0007] The protective sleeve is made of a wear-resistant elastic material.

[0008] A raised ring protrudes from the inner wall of one end of the protective cylinder toward its center; a pressure ring is threaded to the other end of the protective cylinder, and the pressure ring is provided with the same raised ring; the contact surface between the raised ring and the spray gun body is inclined; the contact surface between the spray gun body and the protective cylinder is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface fits against the raised ring.

[0009] The protective cylinder is an annular protective cylinder with a hollow interlayer, and sealing rings are connected to both sides of the protective cylinder. A medium injection hole is opened on the inner wall of the protective cylinder for injecting medium to cause the protective cylinder to expand. Corresponding through holes are opened on the inner and outer walls of the protective cylinder for connecting to the upper part of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism. The upper part of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism is connected to the protective cylinder, and the bottom end of the mechanism passes through the side wall of the spray gun body and is placed inside the spray gun body. A sealed cavity exists between the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism and the side wall of the spray gun body. When removed during well running or fracturing, the top of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism is flush with the outer wall of the protective cylinder. The protective cylinder communicates with the interior of the spray gun body through the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism.

[0010] The protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism includes a control rod, an upper cone, a lower cone, a thin rod, a spring, a limiting plate, an elastic plate, a piston plate, an extraction tube, and a discharge tube. The top of the control rod is horizontally connected to the upper cone via the thin rod, and the bottom of the control rod is horizontally connected to the elastic plate via the limiting plate. The lower cone is horizontally connected at the junction of the control rod and the thin rod. The upper cone is placed on the outer wall of the protective cylinder, and a sealing ring is connected between the lower surface of the upper cone and the junction of the upper cone and the protective cylinder. The lower cone is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective cylinder. The elastic plate is placed inside the spray gun body. A spring is sleeved on the control rod between the elastic plate and the inner wall of the spray gun body. A piston plate is horizontally connected to the side wall of the control rod, and the piston plate is placed inside a cavity. The extraction tube is placed inside the side wall of the spray gun body, with one end communicating with the interior of the spray gun body and the other end communicating with the cavity. The discharge tube is placed inside the side wall of the spray gun body, with one end communicating with the cavity and the other end communicating with the hollow interlayer inside the protective cylinder through a medium injection hole.

[0011] The upper cone is a frustum of a cone, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a sealing ring connected to the side wall of the frustum; the lower cone is cylindrical; the elastic sheet is a hollow three-dimensional structure with an open top; and both the extraction pipe and the discharge pipe are connected to one-way valves.

[0012] The protective cylinder has multiple support and retraction mechanisms.

[0013] A protection method for a fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism is provided, wherein the fracturing spray gun with the protective mechanism is used, and the specific protection method is as follows:

[0014] During the lowering of a fracturing nozzle with a protective mechanism into the well, the injection of medium into the protective casing causes it to expand, protecting the nozzle from deformation due to compression. Once the nozzle is lowered and fracturing begins, pressure is applied to the nozzle body, causing fracturing fluid to be ejected from the nozzle. Simultaneously, the pressure within the nozzle body is transmitted to the elastic plate, causing it to deform and push the control rod. This pushes the upper cone at the top of the control rod upwards. A slight upward movement of the upper cone allows the medium within the protective casing's sidewall to drain through the gap between the upper cone and the sidewall, relaxing the protective casing to accommodate the impact of fracturing fluid and well sand ejected from the nozzle at a set angle. As the control rod moves upwards, the piston plate slides upwards within the cavity inside the nozzle body, creating negative pressure in the lower part of the cavity. The negative pressure causes the fracturing fluid inside the nozzle body to be drawn into the cavity through the extraction pipe. When the pressure inside the nozzle body decreases, the spring force causes the control rod to move down and reset. During this process, the upper cone head moves down a small distance and seals the protective casing, preventing the interior of the protective casing from communicating with the external space. At the same time, the piston plate slides down in the cavity, allowing the fracturing fluid inside the cavity to enter the hollow interlayer of the protective casing through the discharge pipe, thus refilling the internal space of the hollow interlayer. Subsequently, the piston plate moves down, and when the top surface of the upper cone head is flush with the outer wall of the protective casing, the piston plate moves to the bottom of the cavity, allowing the previously extracted fracturing fluid in the cavity to be completely discharged into the hollow interlayer of the protective casing through the discharge pipe, causing the protective casing to expand again and ensuring that the protective casing can still withstand the downhole pressure without easily deforming.

[0015] The protective cylinder has a circular ring structure. The protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism includes a control rod, a spring, a limiting plate, an elastic sheet, a hinge seat, a semi-circular ring, a connecting rod, a gear, and a reversing rod. The bottom end of the control rod is horizontally connected to the elastic sheet through the limiting plate. The hinge seat is connected to the outer wall of the spray gun body. The two sides of the hinge seat are symmetrically hinged to one end of a semi-circular ring, and the other ends of the two semi-circular rings are respectively hinged to the reversing rod through the connecting rod. The upper part of the control rod and the reversing rod are both provided with teeth, and the two mesh with the gear, so that when the control rod moves up, the reversing rod can move down. When the reversing rod moves down, it pulls the two semi-circular rings to swing away from the inner wall of the protective cylinder through the connecting rod.

[0016] A protection method for a fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism is provided, wherein the fracturing spray gun with the protective mechanism is used, and the specific protection method is as follows:

[0017] When fracturing fluid is pressurized and ejected from the nozzle body, the pressure is transmitted to the elastic plate, which deforms, causing the control rod to move upward relative to the outer wall of the nozzle body. The upward movement of the control rod drives the reversing rod downward. The downward movement of the reversing rod pulls the two semi-circular rings to swing away from the inner wall of the protective casing through the connecting rod, causing the protective casing to lose the support of the semi-circular rings and soften, thus buffering its deformation from the impact of the splashed fracturing fluid. When the fracturing fluid ejection stops, the control rod returns to its original position under the action of the elastic plate and the spring, i.e., the control rod moves downward. The downward movement of the control rod drives the reversing rod upward. The upward movement of the reversing rod pulls the two semi-circular rings to swing and approach the inner wall of the protective casing through the connecting rod, providing support to the protective casing and ensuring that it can withstand the downhole pressure without easily deforming.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. Enhanced Protection: This invention provides a physical barrier against the splashing impact of fracturing fluid by incorporating a protective casing with a sandwiched space outside the spray gun. Furthermore, the casing's structural strength is enhanced by the medium support within the sandwiched space. When internal pressure increases, causing the medium to be discharged, the protective casing undergoes elastic deformation, further absorbing and buffering the impact energy, thereby significantly reducing the risk of damage to the spray gun.

[0020] 2. Automatic adjustment is achieved: This invention achieves automatic control of media discharge through the linkage mechanism of pressure-controlled elastic sheet and control rod. When the spray gun is pressurized, the media is discharged, and the protective cylinder becomes more flexible to adapt to the impact; conversely, when the pressure inside the spray gun decreases, the media is refilled into the hollow interlayer inside the protective cylinder, restoring the initial support state of the protective cylinder.

[0021] 3. Impact Buffering: This invention effectively buffers the impact of fracturing fluid splash by connecting a cone head to the top of the control rod and utilizing a spring, elastic plate, and inclined nozzle design. The protective casing not only directly absorbs the impact energy but also guides the flow of fracturing fluid, reducing its direct impact on the nozzle body.

[0022] 4. Optimized structure: The protective casing of this invention is only elastic when fracturing fluid is ejected, and is in a state of expansion with sufficient strength at other times, so that the well running process is not affected.

[0023] 5. Self-resetting capability: This invention achieves automatic adjustment of the system by initiating the expansion and retraction of the protective cylinder to support the retraction mechanism, and by controlling the movement and reset of the control rod. This design not only simplifies operation but also improves the reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0024] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray gun with protective sleeve installed according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the protective sleeve installed on the spray gun of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure in this invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protective cylinder supported by a semi-circular ring in this invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the protective cylinder supported by a semi-circular ring in this invention.

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the protective cylinder.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the convex ring and the inclined surface.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a radial cross-sectional view of the spray gun body at the location of the connecting rod.

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 1. Spray gun body; 101. Inclined surface; 11. Connecting thread; 12. Connecting cylinder; 13. Nozzle; 14. Spray port; 2. Protective cylinder; 201. Pressure ring; 202. Convex ring; 21. Sealing ring; 22. Medium injection hole; 3. Control rod; 31. Upper cone; 32. Lower cone; 33. Thin rod; 34. Spring; 35. Limiting plate; 36. Elastic sheet; 37. Cavity; 38. Piston plate; 39. Extraction pipe; 391. Discharge pipe; 4. Hinge seat; 41. Semicircular ring; 42. Connecting rod; 43. Gear; 44. Reversing rod. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example:

[0040] according to Figures 1-10 The fracturing nozzle shown includes a nozzle body 1 and a protective mechanism. The protective mechanism is connected to the outer wall of the nozzle body 1. One end of the nozzle body 1 is provided with a connecting thread 11 that connects to the release end of the fracturing fluid, and the other end is provided with a connecting cylinder 12. A nozzle 13 is provided on the side wall of the nozzle body 1, and a nozzle orifice 14 is provided at the center of the nozzle 13. The jet hole in the nozzle orifice 14 is inclined so that the splashed fracturing fluid and sand bounce back to the protective mechanism at a set angle. A through hole is opened on the side wall of the protective mechanism at a position corresponding to the nozzle 14 on the side wall of the nozzle body 1. The protective mechanism includes a protective cylinder 2 and a protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism. The protective cylinder 2 is sleeved on the outer wall of the nozzle body 1, and the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism connects the protective cylinder 2 and the nozzle body 1.

[0041] This invention features a protective mechanism on the outer wall of the spray gun body 1. When fracturing fluid is ejected from the inclined jet orifice through the nozzle 14, it splashes back onto the protective mechanism, effectively buffering the impact of the fracturing fluid splash and improving the service life of the equipment. This invention not only simplifies operation but also improves the reliability of the equipment.

[0042] In some embodiments, the protective cylinder 2 is made of a wear-resistant elastic material.

[0043] In practical use, the main function of the protective sleeve support and retraction mechanism is to support and retract the protective sleeve 2. During the process of running the fracturing nozzle with the protective mechanism downhole, the protective sleeve 2 expands to protect the fracturing nozzle from deformation due to compression. When pressure is applied to the nozzle body 1 for fracturing, the pressure, through the protective mechanism, causes the protective sleeve 2 to relax, so as to accommodate the impact of splashed fracturing fluid and sand rebounding at a set angle onto the protective sleeve 2, effectively extending the service life of the fracturing nozzle.

[0044] In this embodiment, the wear-resistant elastic material used in the protective cylinder 2 is one of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluororubber, polyurethane elastomer, and chloroprene rubber.

[0045] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a protruding ring 202 protrudes from the inner wall of one end of the protective cylinder 2 toward its center; a pressure ring 201 is threaded to the other end of the protective cylinder 2, and the pressure ring 201 is provided with the same protruding ring 202; the contact surface between the protruding ring 202 and the spray gun body 1 is inclined; the contact surface between the spray gun body 1 and the protective cylinder 2 is a slope 101, and the slope 101 fits against the protruding ring 202.

[0046] In practical use, the above-described structure of the protective cylinder 2 facilitates the connection between the protective cylinder 2 and the spray gun body 1. Specifically, the protective cylinder 2 is first fitted onto the spray gun body 1, with the protruding ring 202 on the protective cylinder 2 contacting and fitting against one end of the spray gun body 1. Then, the pressure ring 201 is threaded to the other end of the protective cylinder 2, and the inclined surface 101 of the protruding ring 202 on the pressure ring 201 is fitted against the spray gun body 1. This ensures that when the pressure ring 201 is tightened onto the protective cylinder 2, the protective cylinder 2 is securely installed on the spray gun body 1, and the internal and external spaces of the protective cylinder 2 are separated.

[0047] Furthermore, the protective cylinder 2 is an annular protective cylinder 2 with a hollow interlayer, and sealing rings 21 are connected to both sides of the protective cylinder 2 respectively; a medium injection hole 22 is opened on the inner side wall of the protective cylinder 2 for injecting medium to make the protective cylinder 2 expand, and the injected medium is fracturing fluid; corresponding through holes are opened on the inner and outer side walls of the protective cylinder 2 for connecting with the upper part of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism; the upper part of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism is connected to the protective cylinder 2, and the bottom end of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism passes through the side wall of the spray gun body 1 and is placed inside the spray gun body 1; there is a sealed cavity 37 between the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism and the side wall of the spray gun body 1; when it is removed during the well or fracturing process, the top of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism is basically flush with the outer side wall of the protective cylinder 2; the protective cylinder 2 is connected to the inside of the spray gun body 1 through the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism.

[0048] In this embodiment, the sealing ring 21 is used to seal both sides of the protective cylinder 2. The sealing ring 21 is in contact with the pressure ring 201.

[0049] In this embodiment, the medium injected into the protective cylinder 2 can be fracturing fluid or a non-corrosive liquid.

[0050] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism includes a control rod 3, an upper cone 31, a lower cone 32, a thin rod 33, a spring 34, a limiting plate 35, an elastic sheet 36, a piston plate 38, an extraction tube 39, and a discharge tube 391; the top end of the control rod 3 is horizontally connected to the upper cone 31 via the thin rod 33, and the bottom end of the control rod 3 is horizontally connected to the elastic sheet 36 via the limiting plate 35; the lower cone 32 is horizontally connected at the junction of the control rod 3 and the thin rod 33; the upper cone 31 is placed on the outer wall of the protective cylinder 2, and a sealing ring is connected to the junction of the lower surface of the upper cone 31 and the protective cylinder 2. The lower cone head 32 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective cylinder 2; the elastic plate 36 is placed inside the spray gun body 1; a spring 34 is sleeved on the control rod 3 between the elastic plate 36 and the inner wall of the spray gun body 1; a piston plate 38 is horizontally connected to the side wall of the control rod 3, and the piston plate 38 is placed inside the cavity 37; the extraction tube 39 is placed inside the side wall of the spray gun body 1, one end of which is connected to the inside of the spray gun body 1, and the other end is connected to the cavity 37; the discharge tube 391 is placed inside the side wall of the spray gun body 1, one end of which is connected to the cavity 37, and the other end of which is connected to the hollow interlayer inside the protective cylinder 2 through the medium injection hole 22.

[0051] In practical use, the specific protection method for fracturing nozzles with protective mechanisms is as follows: During the process of lowering the fracturing nozzle with a protective mechanism into the well, the protective cylinder 2 is filled with medium, which causes the protective cylinder 2 to expand, thereby protecting the fracturing nozzle from being squeezed and deformed during the process of lowering it into the well. When the fracturing nozzle is lowered into the well for fracturing, the nozzle body 1 is pressurized, and fracturing fluid is ejected from the nozzle 13. At the same time, the pressure inside the nozzle body 1 is transmitted to the elastic plate 36, which deforms and pushes the control rod 3, causing the upper cone 31 at the top of the control rod 3 to move upward. The upper cone 31 only needs to move upward a small distance to allow the medium in the interlayer of the side wall of the protective casing 2 to be discharged through the gap between the upper cone 31 and the side wall of the protective casing 2. The protective casing 2 becomes relaxed to accommodate the impact of the fracturing fluid and well sand ejected from the nozzle 13 splashing back onto the protective casing 2 at a set angle. When the control rod 3 moves upward, the piston plate 38 slides upward in the cavity 37 inside the inner wall of the nozzle body 1. At this time, a negative pressure is generated in the lower space of the cavity 37. This negative pressure causes the fracturing fluid in the nozzle body 1 to be drawn into the cavity 37 through the extraction pipe 39. When the pressure inside the nozzle body 1 decreases, the elastic force of the spring 34 causes the control rod 3 to move down and reset. During this process, the upper cone 31 moves down a small distance and seals the protective cylinder 2, so that the interior of the protective cylinder 2 is no longer connected to the external space. At the same time, the piston plate 38 slides down in the cavity 37, so that the fracturing fluid in the cavity 37 enters the hollow interlayer of the protective cylinder 2 through the discharge pipe 391, so that the internal space of the hollow interlayer of the protective cylinder 2 is filled again. As the piston plate 38 moves down, when the top surface of the upper cone 31 is basically flush with the outer wall of the protective cylinder 2, the piston plate 38 moves to the bottom of the cavity 37, so that the fracturing fluid previously extracted in the cavity 37 is completely discharged into the hollow interlayer of the protective cylinder 2 through the discharge pipe 391, so that the protective cylinder 2 expands again, ensuring that the protective cylinder 2 can still resist the downhole pressure and is not easily deformed.

[0052] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the upper cone 31 is a frustum with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part, and a sealing ring is connected to the side wall of the frustum; the lower cone 32 is cylindrical; the elastic sheet 36 is a hollow three-dimensional structure with an open upper part; and a one-way valve is connected to both the extraction pipe 39 and the discharge pipe 391.

[0053] In actual use, the upper cone 31 adopts a frustum-shaped structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, which allows it to fit better with the protective cylinder 2. The elastic plate 36 is a hollow three-dimensional structure with an open upper part, and the upper opening fits against the inner wall of the spray gun body 1. The control rod 3 is sealed with the side wall of the spray gun body 1 to ensure that its function is implemented smoothly.

[0054] In this embodiment, the outer perimeter of the elastic sheet 36 is rounded to avoid sharp edges that could cause other safety accidents.

[0055] In practical applications, multiple protective cylinder support and retraction mechanisms are provided, which makes the support and retraction effect of the protective cylinder 2 better.

[0056] In another implementation, the expansion and contraction of the outer wall of the protective cylinder 2 are controlled by a different method. In this embodiment, the protective cylinder 2 does not have a sandwich structure, nor does it require internal filling with a medium. Instead, it is supported by multiple sets of linearly arranged semi-circular rings 41. Here, the control rod 3 omits the upper cone 31, lower cone 32, thin rod 33, and piston plate 38; the control rod 3, limiting plate 35, second spring 34, and elastic sheet 36 are retained. The specific structure is as follows:

[0057] The protective cylinder 2 has a circular ring structure. The protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism includes a control rod 3, a spring 34, a limiting plate 35, an elastic sheet 36, a hinge seat 4, a semi-circular ring 41, a connecting rod 42, a gear 43, and a reversing rod 44. The bottom end of the control rod 3 is horizontally connected to the elastic sheet 36 through the limiting plate 35. The hinge seat 4 is connected to the outer wall of the spray gun body 1. The two sides of the hinge seat 4 are symmetrically hinged to one end of a semi-circular ring 41, and the other ends of the two semi-circular rings 41 are respectively hinged to the reversing rod 44 through the connecting rod 42. The upper part of the control rod 3 and the reversing rod 44 are provided with teeth, and the two mesh with the gear 43, so that when the control rod 3 moves up, the reversing rod 44 can move down. When the reversing rod 44 moves down, it pulls the two semi-circular rings 41 to swing away from the inner wall of the protective cylinder 2 through the connecting rod 42.

[0058] The semicircular ring 41 is positioned at the nozzle 14 of the spray gun body 1 without obstructing it. Specifically, the end of the reversing rod 44 is hinged to one end of the connecting rod 42 and can rotate around the hinge point, while the other end of the connecting rod 42 is hinged to the end of the semicircular ring 41.

[0059] The specific protection method for the fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism in this embodiment is as follows:

[0060] When fracturing fluid is injected into the nozzle body 1, the pressure is transmitted to the elastic plate 36, which deforms, causing the control rod 3 to move upward relative to the outer wall of the nozzle body 1. The upward movement of the control rod 3 causes the reversing rod 44 to move downward. The downward movement of the reversing rod 44 pulls the two semicircular rings 41 to swing away from the inner wall of the protective cylinder 2 through the connecting rod 42, causing the protective cylinder 2 to lose the support of the semicircular rings 41 and soften, thus allowing it to be impacted and deformed by the splashed fracturing fluid, thereby achieving buffering. When the fracturing fluid injection stops, the control rod 3 returns to its original position under the action of the elastic plate 36 and the spring 34, i.e., the control rod 3 moves downward. The downward movement of the control rod 3 causes the reversing rod 44 to move upward. The upward movement of the reversing rod 44 pulls the two semicircular rings 41 to swing and approach the inner wall of the protective cylinder 2 through the connecting rod 42, providing support to the protective cylinder 2 and ensuring that the protective cylinder 2 can withstand the downhole pressure and is not easily deformed.

[0061] Where there is no conflict, those skilled in the art can combine the relevant technical features in the above examples according to the actual situation to achieve the corresponding technical effects. Specific details of the various combinations will not be elaborated here.

[0062] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism, characterized in that: The device includes a spray gun body (1) and a protective mechanism; the protective mechanism is connected to the outer wall of the spray gun body (1); one end of the spray gun body (1) is provided with a connecting thread (11) for connecting to the release end of the fracturing fluid, and the other end is provided with a connecting sleeve (12); a nozzle (13) is provided on the side wall of the spray gun body (1), and a nozzle orifice (14) is provided at the center of the nozzle (13). The jet hole in the nozzle orifice (14) is inclined so that the splashed fracturing fluid and sand rebound at a set angle. The protective mechanism is attached to the protective mechanism; the protective mechanism has a through hole at the position corresponding to the nozzle (14) on the side wall of the spray gun body (1); the protective mechanism includes a protective cylinder (2) and a protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism; the protective cylinder (2) is sleeved on the outer side wall of the spray gun body (1), and the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism is connected between the protective cylinder (2) and the spray gun body (1); the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism can realize the retraction of the protective cylinder (2) during fracturing and the support of the protective cylinder (2) during non-fracturing.

2. The fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The protective cylinder (2) is made of wear-resistant elastic material.

3. A fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism as described in claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the protective cylinder (2) has a protruding ring (202) protruding into its center from the inner wall of one end; the other end of the protective cylinder (2) is threaded with a pressure ring (201), and the pressure ring (201) is provided with the same protruding ring (202); the contact surface between the protruding ring (202) and the spray gun body (1) is inclined; the contact surface between the spray gun body (1) and the protective cylinder (2) is a slope (101), and the slope (101) fits against the protruding ring (202).

4. A fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The protective cylinder (2) is an annular protective cylinder (2) with a hollow interlayer. Sealing rings (21) are connected to both sides of the protective cylinder (2). A medium injection hole (22) is opened on the inner side wall of the protective cylinder (2) for injecting medium to make the protective cylinder (2) expand. Corresponding through holes are opened on the inner and outer side walls of the protective cylinder (2) for connecting with the upper part of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism. The upper part of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism is connected to the protective cylinder (2). The bottom end of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism passes through the side wall of the spray gun body (1) and is placed inside the spray gun body (1). There is a sealed cavity (37) between the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism and the side wall of the spray gun body (1). When it is removed during the well or fracturing process, the top of the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism is flush with the outer side wall of the protective cylinder (2). The protective cylinder (2) is connected to the inside of the spray gun body (1) through the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism.

5. A fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism includes a control rod (3), an upper cone (31), a lower cone (32), a thin rod (33), a spring (34), a limiting plate (35), an elastic sheet (36), a piston plate (38), an extraction tube (39), and a discharge tube (391); the top of the control rod (3) is horizontally connected to the upper cone (31) via the thin rod (33), and the bottom of the control rod (3) is horizontally connected to the elastic sheet (36) via the limiting plate (35); the lower cone (32) is horizontally connected at the junction of the control rod (3) and the thin rod (33); the upper cone (31) is placed on the outer wall of the protective cylinder (2), and a sealing ring is connected to the junction of the lower surface of the upper cone (31) and the protective cylinder (2); the lower cone (32) is horizontally connected to the outer wall of the protective cylinder (2), and a sealing ring is connected to the junction of the lower cone (31) and the protective cylinder (2); the lower cone (32) is horizontally connected to the outer wall of the protective cylinder (2), and the lower cone (31) is horizontally connected to the outer wall of the protective cylinder (2). The head (32) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective cylinder (2); the elastic plate (36) is placed inside the spray gun body (1); a spring (34) is sleeved on the control rod (3) between the elastic plate (36) and the inner wall of the spray gun body (1); a piston plate (38) is horizontally connected to the side wall of the control rod (3), and the piston plate (38) is placed inside the cavity (37); the extraction tube (39) is placed inside the side wall of the spray gun body (1), one end of which is connected to the inside of the spray gun body (1), and the other end is connected to the cavity (37); the discharge tube (391) is placed inside the side wall of the spray gun body (1), one end of which is connected to the cavity (37), and the other end of which is connected to the hollow interlayer inside the protective cylinder (2) through the medium injection hole (22).

6. A fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The upper cone (31) is a frustum with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part, and a sealing ring is connected to the side wall of the frustum; the lower cone (32) is cylindrical; the elastic sheet (36) is a hollow three-dimensional structure with an open upper part; and a one-way valve is connected to both the extraction pipe (39) and the discharge pipe (391).

7. A fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The protective cylinder has multiple support and retraction mechanisms.

8. A fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The protective cylinder (2) has a circular ring structure; the protective cylinder support and retraction mechanism includes a control rod (3), a spring (34), a limiting plate (35), an elastic sheet (36), a hinge seat (4), a semi-circular ring (41), a connecting rod (42), a gear (43), and a reversing rod (44); the bottom end of the control rod (3) is horizontally connected to the elastic sheet (36) through the limiting plate (35); the hinge seat (4) is connected to the outer wall of the spray gun body (1), and the two sides of the hinge seat (4) are respectively The control rod (3) is symmetrically hinged to one end of a semicircular ring (41), and the other ends of the two semicircular rings (41) are respectively hinged to the reversing rod (44) via connecting rod (42); the upper part of the control rod (3) and the reversing rod (44) are both provided with teeth, and the two mesh with a gear (43), so that when the control rod (3) moves up, the reversing rod (44) can move down, and when the reversing rod (44) moves down, it pulls the two semicircular rings (41) to swing away from the inner wall of the protective cylinder (2) via connecting rod (42).

9. A method for protecting a fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism, characterized in that: The fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism as described in claim 6 is used, and the specific protection method is as follows: During the process of lowering a fracturing nozzle with a protective mechanism into the well, the protective cylinder (2) is filled with a medium, causing the protective cylinder (2) to expand and protect the fracturing nozzle from deformation due to compression during the lowering process. When the fracturing nozzle is lowered into the well and fracturing is performed, the fracturing fluid is sprayed out from the nozzle (13) when pressure is applied to the nozzle body (1). At the same time, the pressure inside the nozzle body (1) is transmitted to the elastic plate (36), and the elastic plate (36) deforms, pushing the control rod (3), causing the upper cone (31) at the top of the control rod (3) to move upward. 31) Moving the control rod (3) upward by a small distance allows the medium in the interlayer of the side wall of the protective cylinder (2) to be discharged through the gap between the upper cone (31) and the side wall of the protective cylinder (2), and the protective cylinder (2) becomes relaxed to accommodate the impact of the fracturing fluid and sand sprayed from the nozzle (13) at a set angle onto the protective cylinder (2); when the control rod (3) moves upward, the piston plate (38) slides upward in the cavity (37) inside the inner wall of the spray gun body (1), and at this time, a negative pressure is generated in the lower space of the cavity (37), and this negative pressure causes the spray gun to... The fracturing fluid inside the body (1) is drawn into the cavity (37) through the extraction pipe (39); when the pressure inside the nozzle body (1) decreases, the elastic force of the spring (34) causes the control rod (3) to move down and reset; during this process, the upper cone (31) moves down a small distance and then seals the protective cylinder (2), so that the inside of the protective cylinder (2) is no longer connected to the external space; at the same time, the piston plate (38) slides down in the cavity (37), so that the fracturing fluid in the cavity (37) enters the protective cylinder (37) through the discharge pipe (391). 2) The hollow interlayer of the protective cylinder (2) is filled again; then the piston plate (38) moves down, and when the top surface of the upper cone (31) is basically flush with the outer wall of the protective cylinder (2), the piston plate (38) moves to the bottom of the cavity (37), so that the fracturing fluid previously extracted in the cavity (37) is completely discharged into the hollow interlayer of the protective cylinder (2) through the discharge pipe (391), so that the protective cylinder (2) expands again, ensuring that the protective cylinder (2) can still resist the downhole pressure and is not easily deformed.

10. A method for protecting a fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism, characterized in that: The fracturing spray gun with a protective mechanism as described in claim 8 is used, and the specific protection method is as follows: When fracturing fluid is injected into the spray gun body (1) and pressure is applied, the pressure is transmitted to the elastic plate (36). The elastic plate (36) deforms, causing the control rod (3) to move upward relative to the outer wall of the spray gun body (1). The upward movement of the control rod (3) causes the reversing rod (44) to move downward. The downward movement of the reversing rod (44) pulls the two semicircular rings (41) to swing away from the inner wall of the protective cylinder (2) through the connecting rod (42), causing the protective cylinder (2) to lose the support of the semicircular rings (41) and soften, thereby causing it to be subjected to a reaction. The splashed fracturing fluid impacts and deforms to achieve buffering; when the fracturing fluid stops being ejected, the control rod (3) is reset under the action of the elastic plate (36) and the spring (34), that is, the control rod (3) moves down. The downward movement of the control rod (3) drives the reversing rod (44) to move up. The upward movement of the reversing rod (44) pulls the two semi-circular rings (41) to swing and approach the inner wall of the protective cylinder (2) through the connecting rod (42). The protective cylinder (2) provides support to ensure that the protective cylinder (2) can resist the downhole pressure and is not easily deformed.

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