Myopia prevention and control glasses manufacturing method based on Bernoulli theory and myopia prevention and control glasses
By using a myopia control lens based on Panum's theory and employing a prism design, the near vision is perceived as far vision through a top-down visual process, which solves the limiting problem of myopia control in existing technologies and achieves myopia control and correction effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511606073.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-02-21
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing myopia prevention and control equipment and drug treatment strategies have limitations and uncertainties, especially their use in children and adolescents, and there is a lack of effective evidence for myopia prevention and control. Traditional vision theories cannot effectively block the development of myopia.
Based on Panum's theory, prism glasses are designed by measuring the depth of an individual's Panum single-view fusion zone. By utilizing the top-down visual process to perceive near vision as far vision, ciliary muscle tension is reduced, and myopia control glasses suitable for individual characteristics are made.
It effectively controls myopia progression and reduces myopia degree without reducing reading volume and outdoor activities. It is suitable for individuals with myopia degree of -1.00ds to -2.00ds and completes ciliary muscle function adjustment through the design concept of "near as far".
Smart Images
Figure CN121165327A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of myopia prevention and control glasses, in particular to a myopia prevention and control glasses manufacturing method based on Panum theory. BACKGROUND
[0002] There are various myopia prevention and control devices, and so far, only orthokeratology lenses have been proven to be meaningful and effective for myopia prevention and control recognized by the world. However, orthokeratology lenses are contact lenses, which have limitations in terms of age, sleep time, and corneal development level for children with myopia. Moreover, as a clinical device for relieving the cornea, it inevitably faces a series of possible complications and damages such as infection, damage, and ocular surface hypoxia, which not only affect the function of the cornea, but also have unpredictable factors on the thickness of the cornea and the future development of the ocular surface in the long run, thereby limiting its clinical application. The efficacy of other drug prevention and treatment instrument prevention has no clear clinical efficacy basis. There is a big gap in the aspect of prevention and control devices, although there are various types, but there is no effective evidence.
[0003] The cause of myopia is a worldwide problem that plagues the research of visual development in adolescents. So far, the theory of myopia cause believes that myopia occurs with a significant correlation with close fixation. The closer the fixation target (i.e., the starting point of visual top-down processing) and the more nervous the ciliary muscle accommodation, the higher the degree of myopia. Therefore, in the process of increasing close reading of adolescents, the degree of myopia is continuously developing. From the traditional concept, it seems that as long as the close fixation behavior exists, the occurrence of myopia is inevitable.
[0004] From the perspective of visual psychology and physiology, the ciliary ganglion posterior fiber sends nerve impulses to produce ciliary muscle accommodation function, and the location of the cognitive image of the top-down process (TdP) visual process determines the level of ciliary muscle accommodation, and the visual spatial attention process participates in the complete myopia occurrence mechanism. The degree of myopia development depends on the cognitive distance of TdP, not the location of the fixation target. Therefore, by qualitatively and quantitatively separating the cognitive distance of TdP from the visual starting point of the top-down process—the fixation target, forming a "long-distance" visual perception of TdP, and then relaxing the ciliary muscle within the reading distance, the degree of myopia development is reduced, which is one of the technical directions currently explored to solve the problem of myopia prevention and control.
[0005] In the classic visual theory, it is considered that near distance fixation within 50 cm will cause ciliary muscle contraction and lens convexity. However, its reasonable range is limited to the visual process of top-down processing, that is, only in the near distance fixation process in which the cognitive process is involved, the ciliary muscle contraction can be effectively started and the focus near shift can be completed. Moreover, even if the fixation point is within 50 cm, when the TdP recognizes it as "far", the ciliary muscle contraction process will not start. The ciliary muscle regulation process when near distance vision occurs is not completely dependent on the visual cognitive process of bottom-up processing (BuP). In most cases, the BuP perceived fixation target position is basically consistent with the TdP. Only when the TdP remodeling is performed to make the eye position, visual environment and visual experience process the depth of the fixation target, the TpP visual secondary cognition can be completed, the "far" vision within 50 cm can be occurred, the ciliary muscle relaxation can be induced, and the near vision process blocking under near distance fixation can be formed.
[0006] The study of Panum's single visual circle has a long history. When the image falls outside the single visual circle, although the fixation point is within the reading range, the Top-down vision still recognizes it as a far-end image, thereby relaxing the regulation and the physiological process of far adjustment fixation. According to Panum's theory, as shown in the formula: Figure 3 When the fixation points of the two eyes are located at Ta and Tb points corresponding to the Panum single visual circle, the Top-down perception process fuses the image as T point, forms a binocular single visual image, and recognizes it as a "far" image at the far end of the fixation point, thereby causing binocular regulation far shift, reducing the regulation level, and relaxing the ciliary muscle to reduce the degree of myopia. In view of this, the present scheme attempts to explore the strategy of blocking the development of near vision under near distance fixation by studying the TdP visual cognitive characteristics of the far end of the Panum fusion area. For this purpose, we propose a method for making myopia prevention glasses based on Panum theory and myopia prevention glasses. SUMMARY
[0007] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a method for making myopia prevention glasses based on Panum theory and myopia prevention glasses, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is, The method for making myopia prevention glasses based on Panum theory comprises: Measuring the peripheral depth of the Panum single visual circle fusion area of the individual; Taking the peripheral depth of the Panum fusion area measured as the base thickness of the three-prism; Measuring the myopia degree of the individual and combining it to make it on the three-prism; Measuring the interpupillary distance, palpebral fissure width, interorbital distance and AC / A of the individual, and determining the width of the myopia prevention glasses according to the fusion break point width; Selecting a suitable eyeglass assembly, obtaining a myopia prevention and control lens suitable for the individual after fitting.
[0009] The periphery depth test procedure of the Panum single vision circle fusion area of the individual includes the following steps: Step 1: eye position measurement Including: far end +1△~-3△, used for analyzing the separated eye position; near end 0~6△, used for analyzing the convergent eye position; Step 2: measurement of fusion break point The fusion break point is measured by using Sheard criterion, and the individual fusion image reserve is quantified; Step 3: AC / A measurement The gradient AC / A is measured: (P1-P2) / D, and the adjustment function of the individual is accurately matched with the visual accommodation; Step 4: measurement of myopia level and adjustment strength Including: negative adjustment measurement NRA, adjustment response strength measurement BCC, positive relative adjustment measurement PRA, and adjustment amplitude measurement AMP; Step 5: conversion of the range of accommodation to Panum fusion area depth The conversion formula is: 1 / D×AC / A×Pd;In the formula, D represents the myopia degree of the individual, AC / A represents the adjustment convergence level of the individual, and Pd represents the pupil diameter of the individual.
[0010] The myopia degree of the individual ranges from -1.00ds to -2.00ds.
[0011] The myopia prevention and control lens is made based on the Panum theory, and the myopia prevention and control lens is suitable for individuals with a myopia degree of -1.00ds to -2.00ds.
[0012] The present application has the following beneficial effects, Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the present application applies the Top-down visual theory to design myopia prevention and control glasses with individual characteristic significance, which not only can correct the already occurred myopia degree and complete clear vision, but also can complete myopia prevention and control in the reading process through the design concept of "near for far". For individuals with a myopia degree of -1.00ds to -2.00ds, the complete "near for far" ciliary muscle function small amplitude adjustment of the Panum fusion area can be realized, so that the glasses can be removed. The myopia prevention and control lens provided by the technical scheme of the present application can achieve the purpose of myopia prevention and control without reducing the reading amount of the individual and without demanding outdoor activities, and may truly achieve the purpose of reducing the myopia degree.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application is established on the premise of the Top-down visual theory, and the relaxation of the ciliary muscle tension is completed through the cognitive effect of the "far end" of the Panum fusion area in the reading process of the close-range target, so that the myopia prevention and control and correction are realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 A flowchart of the myopia prevention and control mirror manufacturing method based on the Panum theory of the application is shown. Figure 2 A flowchart of the peripheral depth test of the Panum single-view circle fusion area of an individual in the technical scheme of the application is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the Panum theory is shown. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the binocular in-phase Top-down visual process established by a prism is shown. Figure 1 Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the binocular in-phase Top-down visual process established by a prism is shown. Figure 2 Figure 6 A flowchart of the stereoscopic vision guided by the effective Top-down process in the technical scheme of the application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] The application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, wherein the drawings are only used for exemplary description, and the representations are only schematic diagrams, not physical diagrams, and cannot be understood as limiting the application. In order to better illustrate the specific embodiments of the application, some components of the drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size.
[0016] As shown in Figures 1-2 , the myopia prevention and control mirror manufacturing method based on the Panum theory comprises: Step 1: measuring the peripheral depth of the Panum single-view circle fusion area of an individual; The test flow comprises the following steps: Step 11: eye position measurement , including: far end +1△~-3△, used for analyzing the dissociated eye position; near end 0~6△, used for analyzing the convergent eye position; the eye position measurement is an important link in the visual function examination, mainly used for evaluating the latent squint, the strabismus and other binocular visual function problems. The following are several common eye position measurement methods and their clinical applications: Eye position measurement method (1) Cover-uncover method Purpose: for detecting latent squint and manifest squint.
[0017] Operation steps: Ask the patient to fixate on a distant or near fixation target.
[0018] Cover one eye alternately with the cover and release, and observe the movement of the other eye.
[0019] If the eye position does not move after covering, it indicates no manifest strabismus; if the eye position moves after covering, it indicates the presence of latent strabismus.
[0020] Record: Record the direction of the deviation of the eye position (inward, outward, upward, downward) and the amount of deviation.
[0021] (2) Alternating cover method Purpose: To detect manifest and latent strabismus.
[0022] Operation steps: Ask the patient to fixate on the fixation target.
[0023] Cover both eyes alternately quickly and observe the movement of the covered eye.
[0024] If the eye position moves, record the direction and amplitude of the movement.
[0025] Record: Record the direction and amount of deviation of the eye position, such as "inward 10Δ" or "outward 15Δ".
[0026] (3) Prism dissociation method Purpose: To quantitatively measure the amount of deviation of the eye position.
[0027] Operation steps: The patient fixates on a distant or near fixation target.
[0028] Place a prism rod in front of the eye and gradually increase the prism degree until the patient reports that the fixation target is double or dissociated.
[0029] Record the prism degree and direction at this time.
[0030] Record: Record the amount of deviation of the eye position, such as "far distance outward 10Δ" or "near distance inward 5Δ".
[0031] Fusion and vergence measurement Fusion and vergence measurement is an important means of evaluating binocular vision function, mainly used to evaluate convergence and divergence ability.
[0032] (1) Comprehensive optometry instrument measurement Purpose: To measure positive and negative fusion and vergence ability.
[0033] Operation steps: The patient wears the comprehensive optometry instrument and sets the distance or near diopter.
[0034] Use Risley rotating prism, initially set to 0Δ.
[0035] In the BI direction, gradually increase the prism power, record the blur point, break point, and recovery point.
[0036] Repeat the above steps in the BO direction.
[0037] Record: Record the prism power of blur point, break point, and recovery point, such as "far convergence: BI * / 10 / 6, BO 12 / 18 / 8".
[0038] (2) Step Prism Method Purpose: Quickly measure the fusion convergence ability.
[0039] Operation steps: The examinee gazes at the target.
[0040] Gradually increase the step prism in front of the eye, record the prism power when the target blurs, breaks, and recovers.
[0041] Record: Record the blur point, break point, and recovery point of positive and negative fusion convergence.
[0042] Clinical application of eye position measurement Evaluate heterophoria and strabismus: Through eye position measurement, the deviation of heterophoria and strabismus can be quantitatively evaluated, providing a basis for diagnosis and treatment.
[0043] Guide treatment: According to the results of eye position measurement, develop appropriate treatment plans, such as prism correction, visual training, or surgery.
[0044] Evaluate binocular vision function: Through fusion convergence measurement, evaluate abnormal conditions of binocular vision function, such as insufficient convergence, excessive convergence, and insufficient divergence.
[0045] Notes Eye position measurement should be performed after complete correction of refractive errors.
[0046] During the measurement process, the indoor light should be appropriate to avoid interference.
[0047] For children or uncooperative patients, choose a quick and simple method, such as the step prism method.
[0048] Through the above methods, the eye position and binocular vision function can be comprehensively evaluated, providing important basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
[0049] Step 12: Fusion break point measurement According to Sheard's criteria, the fusion break point is measured, which needs to be combined with the measurement method of fusion convergence and evaluate whether it meets the requirements of Sheard's criteria. The following are the specific measurement steps and methods: Measure the range of fusion convergence The measurement of fusion range usually includes blur-point, break-point and recovery-point. These indicators can be measured by the following methods: Method 1: Rotating prism method Preparation of tools: Use comprehensive optometry instrument and Risley rotating prism.
[0050] Set initial conditions: Place the prism in front of both eyes, the initial prism degree is 0, and the zero position is in the vertical direction.
[0051] Measurement of BI direction: Ask the examinee to fixate on the target, gradually increase the prism degree in BI direction (about 1Δ / second).
[0052] Record the prism degree when the target starts to blur (blur-point).
[0053] Continue to increase the BI prism degree until the target breaks (separates), record the prism degree at this time (break-point).
[0054] Then reverse the decrease of BI prism degree until the target recovers to a single one, record the prism degree at this time (recovery-point).
[0055] Measurement of BO direction: Repeat the above steps, but increase the prism degree in BO direction.
[0056] Method 2: Three-prism row mirror method Preparation of tools: Use step three-prism.
[0057] Measurement process: Gradually increase the BI or BO prism degree in front of both eyes.
[0058] Record the prism degree when the target blurs, breaks and recovers.
[0059] Evaluate Sheard criteria Sheard criteria requires that the fusion reserve be at least twice the demand. The specific evaluation method is as follows: Exophoria: The positive fusion reserve (BO direction) should be twice the amount of exophoria.
[0060] Esophoria: The negative fusion reserve (BI direction) should be twice the amount of esophoria.
[0061] For example: If a patient has 6Δ exophoria at 40cm, the blur-point in BO direction should be at least 12Δ to meet Sheard criteria.
[0062] Clinical application If the measurement results do not meet Sheard criteria, it can be adjusted by the following methods: Prism prescription: Calculate the required prism amount using the formula P=32D−31R.
[0063] Spherical adjustment: Increase the fusional reserve by changing the spherical power or visual training.
[0064] By the above method, the fusion break point can be accurately measured, and combined with Sheard criterion for evaluation and clinical application.
[0065] Step 13: AC / A measurement Measurement of gradient AC / A: (P1-P2) / D, to form an accurate match between individual accommodation function and visual accommodation; Measurement method steps include: Far vision refractive correction.
[0066] Measure the phoria at near position (40 cm) (△1).
[0067] Add +1.00D spherical lens in front of the eye, and measure the phoria at near position again (△2).
[0068] Use the formula to calculate: AC / A = (△1 - △2) / 1D.
[0069] Advantages: The measurement value is not affected by the near sensory convergence, and can better reflect the true accommodative convergence.
[0070] Disadvantages: Easily affected by the depth of focus, especially when wearing negative lenses, which may cause errors.
[0071] Normal value: 3~5△ / D.
[0072] Step 14: Measurement of myopia level and accommodation strength Including: negative relative accommodation measurement NRA, accommodation response strength measurement BCC, positive relative accommodation measurement PRA, accommodation amplitude measurement AMP; Specifically as follows: Negative relative accommodation (NRA) Measurement purpose: To evaluate the patient's ability to relax accommodation.
[0073] Measurement method: The subject uses far vision refractive correction, and both eyes fix on the best vision line of the target at 40 cm.
[0074] Gradually increase the positive lens in front of both eyes (+0.25D as the increment) until the target remains blurred.
[0075] Record the amount of positive lens added, which is the NRA.
[0076] Normal value: +2.00D~+2.50D.
[0077] Clinical significance: NRA greater than +2.50D may indicate overcorrection of myopia or undercorrection of hyperopia.
[0078] NRA less than +1.75D may indicate spasm of accommodation or overaccommodation.
[0079] Breakover convergence (BCC) Measurement purpose: To evaluate the matching degree between the accommodative response and the accommodative stimulus.
[0080] Measurement method: The subject uses distance refraction, and fixates on the cross symbol at 40 cm.
[0081] Place ±0.50D cross cylinder in front of both eyes alternately, and ask the subject which group of lines is clearer.
[0082] If the vertical line is clearer, continue to increase the positive lens (+0.25D as the increment) until the clarity of the two lines is consistent.
[0083] Record the amount of positive lens increased, which is the BCC.
[0084] Normal value: +0.25D~+0.50D.
[0085] Clinical significance: Positive value indicates lag of accommodation (common in myopia).
[0086] Negative value indicates lead of accommodation (may be pseudomyopia).
[0087] Positive relative accommodation (PRA) Measurement purpose: To evaluate the accommodative reserve of the patient.
[0088] Measurement method: The subject uses distance refraction, and fixates on the best visual acuity line of the symbol at 40 cm.
[0089] Gradually increase the negative lens in front of both eyes (-0.25D as the increment) until the symbol remains blurred.
[0090] Record the amount of negative lens increased, which is the PRA.
[0091] Normal value: ≥-2.50D.
[0092] Clinical significance: PRA less than -2.50D indicates insufficient accommodative reserve, which is prone to visual fatigue.
[0093] PRA greater than -3.00D may indicate lag of accommodation.
[0094] Amplitude of accommodation (AMP) Measurement purpose: To evaluate the maximum accommodative ability of the eye.
[0095] Measurement method: Negative lens method: fixate the target at 40 cm, gradually increase the negative lens, until the target is continuously blurred, the accommodative amplitude = the amount of negative lens increased + 2.50D.
[0096] Near shift method: gradually move the target from 40 cm, until the target is continuously blurred, the accommodative amplitude = 1 / the distance between the target and the eye (unit: D).
[0097] Normal value: according to the age, the minimum accommodative amplitude (D) = 15 - 0.25 × age.
[0098] Clinical significance: accommodative amplitude lower than the normal value may indicate insufficient accommodation.
[0099] Step 15: convert the accommodative range to Panum fusion area depth The conversion formula is: 1 / D × AC / A × Pd; in the formula, D represents the individual's myopia degree, AC / A represents the individual's accommodative convergence level, and Pd represents the individual's pupil diameter.
[0100] Step 2: take the measured peripheral depth of the Panum fusion area as the thickness of the prism base; Step 3: measure the individual's myopia degree and combine it to make a prism; The application of the prism can establish a Panum myopia prevention and control mirror with "near as far". The prism establishes a binocular in-phase Top-down visual process, so as to complete the far-end recognition process of the visual target, and complete the accommodative weakening process of ciliary muscle relaxation in the fixation behavior. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when the tip of the prism is outward, the Top-down visual cognition forms "far-end vision", and the light stimulus of the Bottom-up fixation target is shifted to the tip of the prism after passing through the prism; the Top-down path cognition is that the fixation target is located at the far point of the Panum fusion area, and ciliary muscle accommodative weakening occurs at the same time; T' is the nasal end of the retinal conjugate area; t' is the temporal end of the retinal conjugate area; as shown in the figure, Figure 5 When the tip of the prism is inward, the Top-down vision forms "near-end vision", and the light stimulus of the Bottom-up fixation target is shifted to the tip of the prism after passing through the prism; the Top-down path cognition is that the fixation target is located at the near point of the Panum fusion area, and ciliary muscle accommodative strengthening occurs at the same time.
[0101] Step 4: measure the interpupillary distance, palpebral fissure width, interorbital distance, and AC / A of the individual, and determine the width of the myopia prevention and control glasses according to the fusion break point width; Step 5: Select the appropriate eyeglass component, and after fitting, obtain the myopia prevention and control glasses suitable for the individual.
[0102] Case 1: A myopic child, 10 years old, myopia degree: right eye -1.00ds, left eye -1.00ds; Measurement of eye position: no obvious latent strabismus, far end separation eye position -3△~ -1△, near end +1△~ +3△; AC / A measurement result: 2△ Myopia level and accommodation strength measurement: negative accommodation NRA 3.50ds, accommodation response strength BCC 3.0ds, positive accommodation measurement 2.0ds, accommodation amplitude 6.0ds; Measurement of pupillary distance: 56cm; Pupil diameter: 4mm The range of converted accommodation is the Panum fusion area depth: 1 / D x AC / A x Pd = 3.16mm Combine the myopia degree of -1.00ds to the base thickness of 3.16 prism, and design Panum myopia prevention and control glasses.
[0103] Select the appropriate eyeglass component, and fit the Panum myopia prevention and control glasses.
[0104] Perform separation and convergence training to improve the Top-down visual function of the "near vision as far process". Due to the different peripheral depths of the Panum single vision circle fusion area of the individual, in the implementation of this research, the deepest fusion area range is selected for design. When the Top-down visual cognition of the object image in front of the eye is a far-end object image, the ciliary muscle can be relaxed, and in the process of insisting on wearing Panum myopia prevention and control glasses, the physiological feedback of "far-end fixation" is formed, which prevents the development of myopia and completes myopia prevention. And form the effective Top-down process guided good stereoscopic vision as shown in Figure 6 .
[0105] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above examples, and the above examples and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for making myopia prevention and control glasses based on Panum theory, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: measuring the peripheral depth of Panum's single visual circle fusion area of an individual; using the measured peripheral depth of Panum's fusion area as the base thickness of the prism; measuring the myopia degree of the individual and combining to make a prism; measuring the interpupillary distance, palpebral fissure width, interorbital distance and AC / A of the individual, and determining the width of the myopia prevention glasses according to the fusion break point width; selecting a suitable glasses component, and obtaining the myopia prevention glasses suitable for the individual after fitting.
2. The method for making myopia control lens based on Panum theory and myopia control lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test procedure of the peripheral depth of Panum's single visual circle fusion area of an individual comprises the following steps: Step 1: eye position measurement including: far end +1△~-3△, used for analyzing the disjunctive eye position; near end 0~6△, used for analyzing the conjunctive eye position; Step 2: fusion break point measurement using Sheard criterion to measure the fusion break point, and completing the individual fusion image reserve quantification; Step 3: AC / A measurement measuring and obtaining gradient AC / A: (P1-P2) / D, to form the accurate matching of the accommodation function and visual accommodation of the individual; Step 4: measurement of myopia level and accommodation strength including: negative relative accommodation measurement NRA, accommodation response strength measurement BCC, positive relative accommodation measurement PRA, and accommodation amplitude measurement AMP; Step 5: converting the range of accommodation to the depth of Panum's fusion area the conversion formula is: 1 / D×AC / A×Pd; in the formula, D represents the myopia degree of the individual, AC / A represents the accommodative convergence level of the individual, and Pd represents the pupil diameter of the individual.
3. The method for making myopia control lens based on Panum theory and myopia control lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The myopia degree of the individual ranges from -1.00ds to -2.00ds.
4. Myopia prevention and control glasses made on the basis of the Panum theory, characterized in that, The myopia prevention glasses are made according to the myopia prevention glasses making method based on Panum theory according to any one of claims 1-3.
5. Myopia control spectacle lenses made on the basis of the Panum theory according to claim 4, characterized in that, The myopia prevention glasses are suitable for individuals with a myopia degree of -1.00ds to -2.00ds.