Control method and communication device for leaky antenna

Abstract

This application relates to the field of antenna control technology and discloses a control method and communication device for leaky wave antennas. The method includes: measuring the dispersion characteristics of the leaky wave antenna to establish a second-order nonlinear mapping relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage, obtaining a set of dispersion control parameters; inversely calculating the target propagation constant by reversing the target beam pointing angle, and calculating the initial voltage values ​​of each control unit in combination with the parameter set to form a voltage gradient control sequence; correcting the propagation constant of each unit using a range compensation algorithm, and recalculating the range-adaptive voltage distribution data; detecting the beam quality factor in real time, and updating the voltage distribution data through a gradient descent algorithm when it deviates from the target value, outputting a control voltage sequence to drive each control unit. This application solves the problems of beam quality degradation and sharp data rate attenuation during long-distance transmission in existing leaky wave antenna control technologies, improving the beam control accuracy and long-distance transmission performance of leaky wave antennas in the terahertz band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna control technology, and in particular to a control method and communication device for a leaky wave antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Existing leaky antenna control technologies primarily employ a fixed phase gradient control method. This involves adjusting the variable reactance elements within the leaky antenna structure to alter the propagation constant, thereby controlling the beam pointing angle. Traditional control methods typically establish the relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage based on a linear approximation model and utilize a uniform power distribution strategy to drive each control unit. This enables basic beam scanning functionality in short-range communication. In terahertz frequency band applications, these control technologies mainly rely on open-loop control systems, adjusting the leakage characteristics of the leaky antenna according to preset control parameters.

[0003] However, existing technologies have significant shortcomings: First, the linear approximation model is not accurate enough in the terahertz band and cannot accurately describe the nonlinear relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage, resulting in low beam pointing control accuracy; second, the fixed phase gradient control method lacks adaptability to changes in transmission distance and cannot effectively compensate for path loss and signal attenuation during long-distance transmission; third, the uniform power distribution strategy ignores the energy leakage distribution characteristics of the leaky antenna along the propagation direction and cannot perform differentiated power adjustment for control units at different locations.

[0004] Based on the analysis of the aforementioned technical shortcomings, it can be inferred that the core technical problems faced by existing leaky-wave antenna control technology in practical applications are as follows: When the transmission distance increases, due to the lack of accurate dispersion characteristic modeling and distance adaptive compensation mechanisms, traditional control methods cannot maintain stable beam quality, leading to a sharp decrease in data transmission rate. Furthermore, due to the lack of dynamic adjustment capabilities based on real-time beam quality feedback, existing control technologies cannot adaptively optimize according to changes in the actual transmission environment, limiting the application potential of leaky-wave antennas in long-distance, high-speed terahertz communication. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a control method and communication device for a leaky wave antenna, which solves the problems of beam quality degradation and data rate drastic attenuation during long-distance transmission in existing leaky wave antenna control technology, and improves the beam control accuracy and long-distance transmission performance of leaky wave antennas in the terahertz band.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a control method for a leaky antenna, the control method for the leaky antenna comprising:

[0007] Step S1: Measure the dispersion characteristic curve of the leaky antenna in the terahertz band, establish the second-order nonlinear mapping relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage, and obtain the dispersion control parameter set containing zero-order coefficients, first-order coefficients and second-order coefficients.

[0008] Step S2: Substitute the target beam pointing angle into the beam angle calculation relationship to deduce the target propagation constant, and combine it with the dispersion control parameter group to calculate the initial voltage values ​​of multiple control units, forming a voltage gradient control sequence along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna.

[0009] Step S3: The propagation constants corresponding to each control unit in the voltage gradient control sequence are corrected using a distance compensation algorithm. The correction amount is based on the exponential function relationship between the transmission distance, attenuation coefficient and control unit position coordinates, and the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is recalculated.

[0010] Step S4: Real-time detection of the beam quality factor of the far-field radiation pattern of the leaky antenna. When the beam quality factor deviates from the preset target value, the voltage adjustment amount in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is updated by the gradient descent iterative algorithm, and the control voltage sequence is output to drive each control unit of the leaky antenna.

[0011] Secondly, this application provides a communication device, the communication device comprising:

[0012] The measurement module is used to measure the dispersion characteristic curve of the leaky antenna in the terahertz band, establish a second-order nonlinear mapping relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage, and obtain a set of dispersion control parameters including zero-order coefficients, first-order coefficients and second-order coefficients.

[0013] The calculation module is used to substitute the target beam pointing angle into the beam angle calculation relationship to deduce the target propagation constant, and combine it with the dispersion control parameter group to calculate the initial voltage values ​​of multiple control units, forming a voltage gradient control sequence along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna.

[0014] The correction module is used to correct the propagation constants corresponding to each control unit in the voltage gradient control sequence using a distance compensation algorithm. The correction amount is based on the exponential function relationship between the transmission distance, the attenuation coefficient, and the position coordinates of the control unit, and the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is recalculated.

[0015] The driving module is used to detect the beam quality factor of the far-field radiation pattern of the leaky antenna in real time. When the beam quality factor deviates from the preset target value, the voltage adjustment amount in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is updated by the gradient descent iterative algorithm, and the control voltage sequence is output to drive each control unit of the leaky antenna.

[0016] Thirdly, a control device for a leaky antenna is provided, comprising: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions; the at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the control device for the leaky antenna to execute the aforementioned control method for the leaky antenna.

[0017] Fourthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein instructions are stored therein, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the aforementioned control method for a leaky antenna.

[0018] The technical solution provided in this application overcomes the shortcomings of insufficient accuracy of linear approximation models in existing technologies by measuring the dispersion characteristic curve of a leaky antenna in the terahertz band and establishing a second-order nonlinear mapping relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage. The obtained dispersion control parameter set can accurately describe the nonlinear dispersion characteristics of the terahertz band, significantly improving the accuracy of beam pointing control. The technical solution of calculating the target propagation constant by back-deriving the target beam pointing angle through the beam angle calculation relationship, and combining it with the dispersion control parameter set to calculate the initial voltage values ​​of each control unit and construct a voltage gradient control sequence, solves the problem that traditional fixed-phase gradient control methods cannot accurately allocate voltage according to the target angle, realizing precise beam control based on target guidance. A distance compensation algorithm is used to correct the propagation constant corresponding to each control unit in the voltage gradient control sequence. The correction amount is based on the exponential function relationship between the transmission distance, attenuation coefficient, and control unit position coordinates, effectively solving the technical defect in existing technologies where the lack of distance adaptive capability leads to a decrease in long-distance transmission performance.

[0019] The technique of real-time detection of the beam quality factor of the far-field radiation pattern of a leaky antenna and dynamic updating of the distance-adaptive voltage distribution data using a gradient descent iterative algorithm solves the problem that existing open-loop control techniques cannot adjust based on actual beam quality, establishing a closed-loop control mechanism based on real-time beam quality monitoring. The specific contribution of the gradient descent iterative algorithm in leaky antenna control is its ability to automatically calculate the optimal voltage adjustment for each control unit based on beam quality deviation. The algorithm's convergence characteristics ensure continuous optimization of control parameters towards the optimal solution, resulting in higher adjustment accuracy and faster response speed compared to traditional empirical adjustment methods. The distance compensation algorithm, based on an exponential function, fully considers the physical propagation characteristics of the leaky antenna and the attenuation law of terahertz signals. The algorithm's adaptive characteristics enable the control method to automatically adjust the compensation intensity according to different transmission distances, effectively overcoming the limitation of existing technologies where fixed compensation parameters cannot adapt to dynamic transmission environments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the control method for a leaky antenna in this application.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of voltage gradient control sequence generation in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the communication device in this application;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic block diagram of the control device for a leaky wave antenna in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This application provides a control method and communication device for a leaky antenna. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" or "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0026] For ease of understanding, the specific process of the embodiments of this application is described below. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 One embodiment of the control method for a leaky antenna in this application includes:

[0027] Step S1: Measure the dispersion characteristic curve of the leaky antenna in the terahertz band, establish the second-order nonlinear mapping relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage, and obtain the dispersion control parameter set containing zero-order coefficients, first-order coefficients and second-order coefficients.

[0028] Step S2: Substitute the target beam pointing angle into the beam angle calculation relationship to deduce the target propagation constant, and combine it with the dispersion control parameter group to calculate the initial voltage values ​​of multiple control units, forming a voltage gradient control sequence along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna.

[0029] Step S3: The propagation constants corresponding to each control unit in the voltage gradient control sequence are corrected using a distance compensation algorithm. The correction amount is based on the exponential function relationship between the transmission distance, attenuation coefficient and control unit position coordinates. The distance adaptive voltage distribution data is then recalculated.

[0030] Step S4: Real-time detection of the beam quality factor of the far-field radiation pattern of the leaky antenna. When the beam quality factor deviates from the preset target value, the voltage adjustment amount in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is updated through the gradient descent iterative algorithm, and the control voltage sequence is output to drive each control unit of the leaky antenna.

[0031] It is understood that the executing entity of this application can be a communication device, a terminal, or a server; no specific limitation is made here. This application's embodiments use a server as an example for illustration.

[0032] Specifically, the dispersion characteristic measurement in step S1 includes frequency scanning within a 300 Hz band at 1 Hz intervals, synchronously recording the propagation constant value at each frequency point to construct a discrete data set, and then adjusting the control voltage from 0 V to 15 V in 0.5 V steps to measure the phase delay change of the leaky antenna propagation path at each voltage value, establishing the original data matrix of voltage and propagation constant. Dispersion characteristics refer to the phase dispersion phenomenon caused by the difference in propagation speed of different frequency components when electromagnetic waves propagate in a leaky antenna, directly affecting beam pointing accuracy. The least squares fitting algorithm extracts coefficient parameters by minimizing the sum of the squared errors between the measured data and the fitted curve. The zeroth-order coefficient represents the fundamental propagation constant without voltage, the first-order coefficient reflects the linear influence of voltage on the propagation constant, and the second-order coefficient describes the nonlinear correction strength under high voltage.

[0033] Step S2 involves data processing that converts the target beam pointing angle into a sine value and divides it by the free-space wavenumber to obtain the target propagation constant. The free-space wavenumber is the wavenumber of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum, equal to the angular frequency divided by the speed of light. The three coefficients in the dispersion control parameter set constitute the coefficient terms of the second-order equation, and the reference control voltage is calculated in reverse using the quadratic equation root-finding formula. Linear interpolation is performed by linearly distributing the control nodes based on the reference voltage according to their position coordinates. The node spacing is determined by dividing the physical length of the leaky antenna by the number of control nodes minus one. The initial voltage value of each node is obtained based on the product of its position weight and the reference control voltage. The voltage gradient control sequence is organized according to the spatial order of the control nodes along the propagation direction, forming ordered voltage distribution data.

[0034] The distance compensation algorithm in step S3 first calculates the distance compensation correction factor by multiplying the transmission distance by a preset attenuation coefficient and taking the negative exponent, then multiplying it by the sine function value of the control node's position coordinates. This correction factor reflects the compensation intensity required by nodes at different positions for a specific transmission distance. Distance compensation is a technical compensation method for signal attenuation caused by path loss and atmospheric absorption in long-distance transmission of terahertz signals. The corrected propagation constant is obtained by adding the corresponding distance compensation correction factor to the original propagation constant. Then, the corrected propagation constant dataset is substituted into the dispersion control parameter set for inverse calculation. The adjusted voltage values ​​of each control node are obtained by solving the second-order equation. These voltage values ​​are reorganized according to the spatial arrangement of the nodes to form distance-adaptive voltage distribution data.

[0035] Step S4, beam quality factor detection, involves acquiring power distribution data at various angles in the far-field radiation pattern using a power detector array. The power values ​​at each angle are then weighted and integrated with the cosine function of the target angle; the integration result is the current beam quality factor value. The gradient descent iterative algorithm is an optimization algorithm that determines the gradient direction by calculating the partial derivatives of the objective function with respect to each variable. The variable values ​​are then adjusted along the negative gradient direction to minimize the objective function. The error input signal is derived from the comparison between the current beam quality factor and the preset target value. When the deviation exceeds a set threshold, the gradient calculation process is triggered. Partial derivative calculation involves obtaining the gradient direction vector by taking the partial derivatives of the voltage values ​​at each control node using numerical differentiation. The magnitude of the gradient distribution matrix is ​​multiplied by the preset learning rate parameter to obtain the voltage adjustment step size parameter. The learning rate controls the adjustment magnitude in each iteration. The voltage adjustment amount data is obtained by multiplying the gradient direction vector element-wise with the corresponding step size parameter to obtain the voltage increment value. This increment value is then subtracted from the current voltage value of each node in the distance-adaptive voltage distribution data.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, step S1 further includes:

[0037] The operating frequency of the leaky antenna is scanned at 1 GHz intervals within the 300 GHz band, and the propagation constant value corresponding to each frequency point is recorded synchronously to establish a discrete data set of frequency and propagation constant.

[0038] The control voltage is adjusted stepwise from 0V to 15V in 0.5V increments. The phase delay change in the propagation path of the leaky antenna is measured at each voltage value, and the original data matrix of the voltage-propagation constant correspondence is calculated.

[0039] The coefficient parameters of the second-order nonlinear function are extracted based on the original data matrix using the least squares fitting algorithm. The zero-order coefficients represent the basic propagation constant, the first-order coefficients represent the voltage linear response sensitivity, and the second-order coefficients represent the nonlinear correction strength.

[0040] The zeroth-order, first-order, and second-order coefficients obtained from the fitting are combined to form a dispersion control parameter set.

[0041] Specifically, a terahertz signal in the range of 300 Hz to 301 Hz is generated by a signal generator, with a frequency step interval set to 1 Hz. A leaky antenna receives the signals at each frequency and measures the propagation constant using a phase detector. The propagation constant is the rate of phase change of an electromagnetic wave propagating in the leaky antenna, directly determining the beam pointing angle. The discrete data set of frequency and propagation constant is stored in array form, with the frequency value as the x-axis and the corresponding propagation constant value as the y-axis, creating a two-dimensional data table. During voltage regulation, the voltage controller gradually increases the voltage from zero volts to 15 volts in 0.5-volt intervals. Each voltage value corresponds to a phase delay measurement, and the change in phase delay is obtained by comparing the phase difference between the voltage-on and voltage-off states. The original data matrix of voltage and propagation constant contains 31 rows and 2 columns, with the number of rows corresponding to the number of voltage regulation cycles and the number of columns recording the voltage value and the corresponding propagation constant value. The data processing of the least squares fitting algorithm includes establishing an objective function, which is the sum of the squared errors between the measured propagation constant and the predicted value of the fitted function. The optimal coefficient parameters are solved by calculating the partial derivatives and setting them to zero. The zero-order coefficients represent the intrinsic propagation constant of the leaky antenna when the control voltage is zero, reflecting the fundamental propagation characteristics of the antenna structure. The first-order coefficients characterize the linear rate of change of the propagation constant with respect to the control voltage; a larger value indicates higher voltage control sensitivity. The second-order coefficients describe the nonlinear correction effect in the high-voltage region, compensating for errors in the linear approximation. The least-squares fitting calculation process uses matrix operations to construct the original data matrix into a Vandermonde matrix form, and then applies matrix inversion to obtain the coefficient vector. During coefficient parameter extraction, the zero-order coefficients directly correspond to the constant term of the fitting function, the first-order coefficients correspond to the linear coefficients, and the second-order coefficients correspond to the quadratic coefficients. These three coefficients together describe the nonlinear relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage. The dispersion control parameter set is constructed by arranging the three coefficients in the order of zero-order, first-order, and second-order into a vector form. The first element of the vector is the zero-order coefficient, the second element is the first-order coefficient, and the third element is the second-order coefficient.

[0042] The core logic of data processing lies in the cross-validation process between frequency scan data and voltage regulation data. The propagation constant data obtained from frequency scanning is used to verify the accuracy of the voltage regulation measurement results, while the voltage regulation data establishes a quantitative relationship between the control voltage and the propagation constant. The row-column correspondence of the original data matrix ensures that each voltage value has a unique propagation constant value corresponding to it, and the numerical precision of the matrix elements directly affects the accuracy of subsequent fitting algorithms. The iterative convergence process of the least squares algorithm judges the fitting quality by calculating the trend of the change in the sum of squared residuals. When the change in residuals in consecutive iterations is less than a preset threshold, the algorithm converges and outputs the optimal coefficient parameters.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, step S2 further includes:

[0044] The target beam pointing angle is converted into a sine value and divided by the free space wave number to calculate the corresponding target propagation constant value;

[0045] A second-order equation is established based on the zero-order, first-order, and second-order coefficients in the dispersion control parameter set. The target propagation constant is used as the target value of the equation to solve in reverse and obtain the reference control voltage.

[0046] The node spacing is determined based on the physical length of the leaky antenna and the number of control nodes N. The reference control voltage is combined with the position coordinates of each control node along the propagation direction and linear interpolation is performed to calculate the initial voltage value of each control node.

[0047] According to the spatial arrangement order of the control nodes along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna, the initial voltage values ​​are organized in sequence to form a voltage gradient control sequence.

[0048] Specifically, the angle value is converted into a corresponding sine value through trigonometric function operations. The calculation of the sine value is based on the geometric pointing relationship of the target beam in space. The free space wavenumber is the propagation parameter of electromagnetic waves in vacuum, which is equal to twice pi divided by the wavelength in vacuum. The target propagation constant is obtained by dividing the sine value by the free space wavenumber. The zero-order coefficient in the dispersion control parameter set represents the inherent propagation constant of the leaky antenna without an external control voltage. The first-order coefficient reflects the linear slope of the propagation constant as a function of the control voltage, and the second-order coefficient describes the quadratic correction in the relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage. In the process of establishing the second-order equation, the target propagation constant is set as the dependent variable, and the control voltage is set as the independent variable. The equation is in the form that the target propagation constant is equal to the zero-order coefficient plus the first-order coefficient multiplied by the control voltage plus the second-order coefficient multiplied by the square of the control voltage. The reverse solution process calculates two solutions for the control voltage using the quadratic equation root-finding formula. The solution with reasonable physical meaning and within the voltage range is selected as the reference control voltage. The reference control voltage is the theoretical voltage value required for the leaky antenna to reach the target beam pointing angle, serving as a reference for voltage allocation at each control node.

[0049] The relationship between the number of control nodes N and the physical length of the leaky antenna determines the method for calculating the node spacing. The node spacing equals the total length of the leaky antenna divided by the number of control nodes minus one. The minus one is because there is an interval of N minus one between the N nodes. The data logic of linear interpolation is based on the position coordinates of each control node along the propagation direction. The position coordinates are calculated sequentially from the beginning of the leaky antenna according to the node spacing. The core of the linear interpolation algorithm is to assign corresponding voltage weights based on the relative position of the control nodes on the leaky antenna. The closer the node is to the center of the antenna, the closer its weight is to the reference value. The weights of nodes that are far from the center decrease or increase linearly. The initial voltage value of each control node is calculated by multiplying the reference control voltage by the corresponding weight coefficient. The weight coefficient is calculated based on the ratio of the node position coordinates to the total length of the antenna. The voltage gradient refers to the trend of the voltage value of each control node along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna. The existence of the gradient causes the phase characteristics of the leaky antenna to change continuously at different positions, thereby controlling the beam pointing angle.

[0050] The voltage gradient control sequence is constructed by arranging the initial voltage values ​​of each control node according to their physical location on the leaky antenna. The first element of the sequence corresponds to the control node voltage at the beginning of the leaky antenna, and the last element corresponds to the control node voltage at the end of the leaky antenna. The spatial arrangement order is determined based on the geometry of the leaky antenna and the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation. The control node numbers increase sequentially from the electromagnetic wave incident end to the emitting end. The data structure of the sequence is a one-dimensional array, where the array index corresponds to the control node number, and the array element value corresponds to the voltage value of that node. Data integrity of the voltage gradient control sequence requires that each control node has a corresponding voltage value, and the sequence length must be equal to the total number of control nodes.

[0051] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the generation of the voltage gradient control sequence in an embodiment of this application. The left side of the diagram represents the input data area, including input parameters such as the target beam pointing angle, dispersion control parameter set, physical length of the leaky antenna, number of control nodes, and spatial arrangement order of the control nodes. The input boxes are filled with light gray to distinguish them from the processing steps. The middle of the diagram represents the data processing area, which includes four core processing steps: sine transformation and free space wavenumber normalization, inverse solution of second-order equations, node spacing determination and linear interpolation, and sequential organization of the sequence. The processing boxes are highlighted with bold borders. The right side of the diagram represents the output data area, including the target propagation constant, reference control voltage, initial voltage values ​​of each node, and voltage gradient control sequence. The output boxes are filled with gray to indicate the endpoint of the data stream.

[0052] In one specific embodiment, the process of determining the node spacing based on the physical length of the leaky antenna and the number of control nodes N can specifically include the following steps:

[0053] Divide the physical length of the leaky antenna by the number of control nodes N minus 1 to calculate the equal spacing between adjacent control nodes.

[0054] Based on the equidistant distance values ​​and the starting position coordinates of the first control node, the spatial position coordinate sequence of each control node along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna is calculated one by one.

[0055] The reference control voltage and the spatial position coordinate sequence of each control node are input into a linear interpolation algorithm. The voltage weight coefficient corresponding to each control node is obtained by calculating the position weight allocation and voltage gradient distribution.

[0056] The reference control voltage is weighted according to the voltage weighting coefficient to calculate the initial voltage value of each control node.

[0057] Specifically, the calculation of the equidistant distance value is based on the mathematical relationship between the physical length of the leaky antenna and the number of control nodes. The physical length is the actual distance from the signal input end to the output end of the leaky antenna, and the number of control nodes N represents the total number of voltage control points arranged along the antenna propagation direction. The mathematical logic of subtracting one in the division operation stems from the existence of N-one interval segments between N nodes, and the length of each interval segment is the equidistant distance value. The starting position coordinates of the first control node are set to the zero position of the signal input end of the leaky antenna, and the starting position serves as the reference origin of the entire coordinate system. The spatial position coordinate sequence is calculated using an incremental recursive method. The position coordinates of the second node are equal to the starting position plus the equidistant distance value, the position coordinates of the third node are equal to the position of the second node plus the equidistant distance value, and so on until the position coordinates of all control nodes are calculated. The spatial position coordinate sequence is stored in the form of a one-dimensional array, where the array index corresponds to the control node number, and the array element value corresponds to the physical position of that node on the leaky antenna.

[0058] The data processing logic of the linear interpolation algorithm is based on the normalized ratio between the control node position coordinates and the total length of the leaky antenna. Normalization involves dividing the position coordinates of each node by the total length of the leaky antenna to obtain relative position parameters between zero and one. The calculation principle for position weight allocation uses a linear mapping method, mapping the relative position parameters to voltage allocation weights. The distribution of weight values ​​follows a linear gradient change. Voltage gradient distribution calculation includes determining two key parameters: the initial gradient value and the gradient slope. The initial gradient value corresponds to the weight benchmark of the first control node, and the gradient slope determines the increment or decrement of weights between nodes. The voltage weight coefficient for each control node is calculated by multiplying its relative position parameter by the gradient slope and adding the initial gradient value. The numerical range of the weight coefficients is determined based on the physical constraints of the leaky antenna beam control. The core of the linear interpolation algorithm is establishing a linear correspondence between position coordinates and voltage weights. The algorithm input includes a benchmark control voltage and a sequence of spatial position coordinates, and the output is an array of voltage weight coefficients for each control node.

[0059] The voltage weighting coefficient physically represents the adjustment ratio of each control node relative to the reference control voltage. A weighting coefficient greater than one indicates that the node requires a voltage higher than the reference value, while a weighting coefficient less than one indicates that the node requires a voltage lower than the reference value. The weighted data processing uses the reference control voltage as the multiplicand and the voltage weighting coefficient as the multiplier; their product is the initial voltage value for the corresponding control node. The initial voltage value for each control node is calculated independently through multiplication operations, and the results are stored in the array position corresponding to the control node number. The data integrity check of the initial voltage values ​​includes verifying that each control node has a corresponding voltage value and that the voltage value is within a reasonable range. The reasonable range of voltage values ​​is jointly determined by the electrical characteristics of the leaky antenna and the output capability of the control circuit.

[0060] The weighted multiplication algorithm employs a loop-based execution logic, performing multiplication calculations sequentially starting from the first control node. Each calculation's input consists of the voltage weighting coefficient and the reference control voltage for the current node, with the output being the node's initial voltage value. The loop terminates after traversing all control nodes, with the loop counter incrementing from one to the number of control nodes, N. The data storage uses an index-mapping structure, with the control node number serving as the array index and the initial voltage value as the corresponding array element value. The array length equals the total number of control nodes.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, step S3 further includes:

[0062] Multiply the transmission distance by the preset attenuation coefficient and take the negative exponent, then multiply it by the sine function value of the position coordinates of each control node to obtain the distance compensation correction factor corresponding to each control node.

[0063] The propagation constants of each control node in the voltage gradient control sequence are corrected one by one based on the distance compensation correction factor to obtain the corrected propagation constant dataset.

[0064] The modified propagation constant dataset is substituted into the inverse calculation process of the dispersion control parameter set, and the adjusted voltage value of each control node is obtained by solving the second-order equation.

[0065] According to the spatial arrangement order of the control nodes along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna, the adjusted voltage values ​​are reorganized to form distance-adaptive voltage distribution data.

[0066] Specifically, the transmission distance is multiplied by a preset attenuation coefficient. The transmission distance is the spatial distance between the transmitter and receiver of the leaky antenna, and the preset attenuation coefficient is a parameter value pre-set based on the attenuation characteristics of terahertz signals propagating in free space. The negative exponentiation of the product result refers to exponentially multiplying the product value by a natural constant. The purpose of the negative exponentiation is to generate a compensation strength that decreases with increasing distance. The calculation of the sine function value of each control node's position coordinates involves substituting the node's position coordinates into a sine function. The input angle of the sine function is obtained by multiplying the ratio of the position coordinates to the total length of the leaky antenna by pi. The distance compensation correction factor is obtained by multiplying the result of the negative exponentiation by the sine function value. Each control node corresponds to a unique correction factor value. The physical meaning of the correction factor represents the propagation constant compensation strength required for control nodes at different positions at a specific transmission distance. Nodes at different positions require different degrees of compensation due to differences in beam propagation paths.

[0067] In the voltage gradient control sequence, the correction calculation for the propagation constant of each control node employs an addition operation, adding the original propagation constant to the corresponding distance compensation correction factor to obtain the corrected propagation constant value. The execution logic for the sequential correction operation uses a loop-based approach, performing the addition calculation sequentially starting from the first control node. The input for each calculation includes the original propagation constant and the corresponding distance compensation correction factor for that node, and the output is the corrected propagation constant for that node. The corrected propagation constant dataset is stored in array form, with array indices corresponding to control node numbers and array element values ​​corresponding to the corrected propagation constant values. Dataset integrity requires that each control node has a corresponding corrected propagation constant value, and the dataset length must equal the total number of control nodes.

[0068] The reverse calculation process of the dispersion control parameter set establishes a second-order equation with the corrected propagation constant as a known quantity and the control voltage as an unknown quantity. The standard form of the second-order equation is: second-order coefficients multiplied by the square of the voltage, plus first-order coefficients multiplied by the voltage, plus the zero-order coefficient, equals the corrected propagation constant. The equation is solved using the quadratic formula. The steps of the formula include calculating the discriminant, calculating the radicals, and calculating the two roots. The discriminant equals the square of the first-order coefficients minus the product of four times the difference between the second-order coefficients, the zero-order coefficient, and the corrected propagation constant. The adjusted voltage value for each control node is obtained by independently solving the corresponding second-order equation; each node corresponds to an independent equation and solution process. The selection principles for the adjusted voltage value include that the voltage value must be a real number and within the output range of the control circuit. When the equation has two real roots, a physically meaningful root value is selected as the adjusted voltage.

[0069] The spatially ordered data organization is based on the physical location of the control nodes on the leaky antenna, with the order starting from the first node at the signal input and proceeding sequentially to the last node at the signal output. The distance-adaptive voltage distribution data is constructed by storing the adjusted voltage values ​​of each control node in a one-dimensional array according to their spatial order. The first element of the array corresponds to the adjusted voltage value of the first control node, and the last element corresponds to the adjusted voltage value of the last control node. The reorganized data processing logic ensures a one-to-one correspondence between the voltage distribution data and the physical location of the control nodes. The integrity of the data structure is verified by checking that the array length equals the number of control nodes and that each array element has a valid voltage value.

[0070] In one specific embodiment, step S4 further includes:

[0071] Power distribution data at different angles in the far-field radiation pattern of the leaky antenna are collected by a power detector array. The power values ​​at each angle are weighted and integrated with the cosine function of the target angle to obtain the current beam quality factor value.

[0072] The difference between the current beam quality factor value and the preset target value is compared. When the deviation exceeds the set threshold, the beam quality error is calculated to obtain the error input signal of the gradient descent iterative algorithm.

[0073] Based on the error input signal, the gradient direction and step size parameters are calculated, and the voltage value of each control node in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is updated iteratively by gradient descent to obtain the voltage regulation data.

[0074] The voltage regulation data is superimposed on the distance adaptive voltage distribution data to generate the control voltage sequence for each control node of the leaky antenna and output to the corresponding voltage control interface.

[0075] Specifically, multiple power detectors are distributed at different angular positions in the far-field region of the leaky-wave antenna, with each detector responsible for detecting the radiated power intensity within a specific angular range. The far-field radiation pattern is a graphical representation of the radiated power distribution of the antenna in various directions in the far-field region, and the power distribution data includes the power intensity values ​​corresponding to each angle. Power distribution data at different angles are synchronously acquired through a detector array, with the acquisition frequency set to a fixed period to ensure data temporal consistency. The weighted integral operation of the power value at each angle and the cosine function of the target angle first calculates the angle difference between each angle and the target angle, and then calculates the cosine function value of the angle difference as a weighting coefficient. The mathematical operation of the weighted integral multiplies the power value at each angle by the corresponding cosine weighting coefficient, and all product results are summed to obtain the integral value. The current beam quality factor value is obtained by normalizing the integral result and the total power. The normalization process ensures that the beam quality factor value is between zero and one. The physical meaning of the beam quality factor represents the degree of matching between the current beam and the ideal beam; the closer the value is to one, the better the beam quality. The difference comparison operation involves subtracting the current beam quality factor from a preset target value. The absolute value of the difference indicates the degree to which the beam deviates from the ideal state. A threshold is a pre-determined allowable deviation range for beam quality. When the absolute value of the difference exceeds the threshold, an error signal generation process is triggered. The beam quality error is calculated directly using the difference between the current beam quality factor and the preset target value; the sign of the difference indicates the direction of deviation. The error input signal for the gradient descent iterative algorithm is the beam quality error, which serves as the input to the algorithm's objective function. The error input signal is a single numerical value; the magnitude of the value indicates the degree of deviation, and the sign indicates the direction of adjustment.

[0076] The gradient direction is calculated by taking the partial derivatives of the beam quality factor with respect to the voltage values ​​of each control node. These partial derivatives represent the sensitivity of the beam quality factor to changes in the voltage of each node. The numerical differentiation method uses a finite difference approximation to calculate the partial derivatives. Specifically, the voltage value of a control node is increased by a small amount, the corresponding change in the beam quality factor is calculated, and this change is divided by the voltage increment to obtain the approximate value of the partial derivative for that node. The step size parameter is calculated based on the product of the gradient vector magnitude and a preset learning rate, where the learning rate controls the adjustment magnitude in each iteration. The data processing logic for gradient descent iteration updates subtracts the product of the corresponding gradient value and the adjustment step size from the current voltage value of each control node. The result of this subtraction is the updated voltage value for that node. The voltage adjustment data includes the voltage adjustment amount for each control node, which is equal to the difference between the updated voltage value and the current voltage value.

[0077] The superposition operation involves adding each element of the voltage regulation data to the corresponding element of the distance-adaptive voltage distribution data, using an element-by-element addition method. The control voltage sequence is generated by arranging the superimposed voltage values ​​into a one-dimensional array according to the control node numbers; the array length equals the total number of control nodes. The voltage control interface is the physical interface connecting the control circuit to each control node of the leaky antenna; each control node has an independent voltage output channel. The output process sends the voltage values ​​from the control voltage sequence to the voltage control interface of the corresponding control node, using a synchronous timing method to ensure that all nodes receive the voltage control signal simultaneously.

[0078] In one specific embodiment, the process of calculating the gradient direction and adjusting the step size parameter based on the error input signal can specifically include the following steps:

[0079] The partial derivatives of the error input signal with respect to the voltage values ​​of each control node are calculated, and the gradient direction vector of each control node is solved by numerical differentiation to obtain the gradient distribution matrix.

[0080] The voltage adjustment step size parameter corresponding to each control node is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of the gradient distribution matrix with the preset learning rate parameter.

[0081] The gradient direction vector is multiplied element-wise with the corresponding voltage adjustment step size parameter to obtain the voltage increment value of each control node.

[0082] The updated voltage regulation data is obtained by subtracting the corresponding voltage increment value from the current voltage value of each control node in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data.

[0083] Specifically, the error input signal is used as the objective function, and the voltage values ​​of each control node are used as independent variables for differentiation. Partial derivatives represent the instantaneous rate of change of the objective function with respect to a certain independent variable, reflecting the sensitivity of the beam quality factor to changes in the voltage of each control node in leaky-wave antenna control. The numerical differentiation method uses the forward difference formula to approximate the calculation of partial derivatives. Specifically, the voltage value of a control node is increased by a preset small increment, while keeping the voltage values ​​of other control nodes unchanged, and the beam quality factor is recalculated. The change in beam quality factor is obtained by subtracting the original value from the new calculated value, and the approximate value of the partial derivative is obtained by dividing the change in beam quality factor by the voltage increment. The gradient direction vector of each control node contains the partial derivative value of that node's voltage with respect to the beam quality factor. The sign of the gradient direction vector indicates the direction of optimization adjustment; a positive value indicates that the voltage needs to be increased, and a negative value indicates that the voltage needs to be decreased. The gradient distribution matrix stores the gradient direction vectors of all control nodes in the form of a two-dimensional array. The number of rows in the matrix equals the number of control nodes, and the number of columns is one, indicating that each node corresponds to a gradient value.

[0084] The calculation of the magnitude involves squaring each element in the gradient distribution matrix, summing all the squared values, and taking the square root of the sum to obtain the magnitude of the gradient vector. The magnitude represents the length of the gradient vector in multidimensional space, reflecting the overall strength of the gradient. The preset learning rate parameter is a key parameter controlling the convergence speed in the gradient descent algorithm; an excessively large learning rate leads to algorithmic oscillations, while an excessively small rate results in slow convergence. The product operation multiplies the magnitude of the gradient distribution matrix by the preset learning rate parameter, and the product serves as the base value for the global adjustment step size. The voltage adjustment step size parameter for each control node is calculated based on the ratio between the global adjustment step size and the absolute value of the gradient direction vector of that node. This proportionality ensures that the adjustment magnitude of each node is proportional to its gradient contribution. The physical meaning of the voltage adjustment step size parameter represents the magnitude of voltage adjustment at each control node in the current iteration, and the allocation of adjustment magnitudes follows the gradient contribution principle.

[0085] The element-wise multiplication data processing logic performs a one-to-one multiplication of the gradient direction vector with the corresponding voltage adjustment step size parameter, with each control node corresponding to an independent multiplication operation. The value of the gradient direction vector represents the adjustment direction and relative intensity, while the voltage adjustment step size parameter represents the absolute adjustment magnitude. The product of the two yields the voltage increment value for that node. The sign of the voltage increment value is determined by the sign of the gradient direction vector, while its magnitude is determined by both the gradient intensity and the adjustment step size. The voltage increment value for each control node is stored in an array position corresponding to its node number, and the array length is equal to the total number of control nodes. The data integrity verification of the voltage increment values ​​includes verifying that each control node has a corresponding increment value and that the increment value is within a reasonable range.

[0086] In the distance-adaptive voltage distribution data, the subtraction operation of the current voltage value of each control node is performed element-wise. The minuend is the current voltage value, and the subtrahend is the corresponding voltage increment. The mathematical logic of the subtraction operation is based on the negative gradient direction optimization principle of the gradient descent algorithm, adjusting the voltage parameters along the negative gradient direction by subtracting the voltage increment. The updated voltage regulation data contains the new voltage values ​​of each control node after gradient descent iterations, reflecting the dynamic adjustment results based on beam quality feedback. The voltage regulation data is stored in a one-dimensional array, where the array index corresponds to the control node number, and the array element value corresponds to the updated voltage value of that node.

[0087] The control method for the leaky antenna in the embodiments of this application has been described above. The communication device in the embodiments of this application is described below. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 One embodiment of the communication device in this application includes:

[0088] The measurement module is used to measure the dispersion characteristic curve of the leaky antenna in the terahertz band, establish a second-order nonlinear mapping relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage, and obtain a set of dispersion control parameters including zero-order coefficients, first-order coefficients and second-order coefficients.

[0089] The calculation module is used to substitute the target beam pointing angle into the beam angle calculation relationship to deduce the target propagation constant, and combine it with the dispersion control parameter group to calculate the initial voltage values ​​of multiple control units, forming a voltage gradient control sequence along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna.

[0090] The correction module is used to correct the propagation constants of each control unit in the voltage gradient control sequence using a distance compensation algorithm. The correction amount is based on the exponential function relationship between the transmission distance, attenuation coefficient and control unit position coordinates, and the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is recalculated.

[0091] The driving module is used to detect the beam quality factor of the far-field radiation pattern of the leaky antenna in real time. When the beam quality factor deviates from the preset target value, the voltage adjustment amount in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is updated by the gradient descent iterative algorithm, and the control voltage sequence is output to drive each control unit of the leaky antenna.

[0092] above Figure 3 The communication device in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail from the perspective of modular functional entities. The control device for the leaky antenna in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail from the perspective of hardware processing.

[0093] Reference Figure 4 This invention also provides a control device for a leaky-wave antenna. This control device can be a server, and its internal structure can be as follows: Figure 4 As shown. The control device for the leaky antenna includes a processor, memory, display screen, input device, network interface, and database connected via a system bus. The processor, designed as a computer, provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the control device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores the operating system, computer programs, and the database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the control device stores the data corresponding to this embodiment. The network interface of the control device is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the above-described method.

[0094] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present invention and does not constitute a limitation on the control device for the leaky antenna to which the present invention is applied.

[0095] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the control method for a leaky antenna.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0097] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a control device for a leaky antenna (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0098] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a leaky wave antenna, characterized in that, The method includes: Step S1: Measure the dispersion characteristic curve of the leaky antenna in the terahertz band, establish the second-order nonlinear mapping relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage, and obtain the dispersion control parameter set containing zero-order coefficients, first-order coefficients and second-order coefficients. Step S2: Substitute the target beam pointing angle into the beam angle calculation relationship to deduce the target propagation constant, and combine it with the dispersion control parameter group to calculate the initial voltage values ​​of multiple control units, forming a voltage gradient control sequence along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna. Step S3: The propagation constants corresponding to each control unit in the voltage gradient control sequence are corrected using a distance compensation algorithm. The correction amount is based on the exponential function relationship between the transmission distance, attenuation coefficient and control unit position coordinates, and the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is recalculated. Step S4: Real-time detection of the beam quality factor of the far-field radiation pattern of the leaky antenna. When the beam quality factor deviates from the preset target value, the voltage adjustment amount in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is updated by the gradient descent iterative algorithm, and the control voltage sequence is output to drive each control unit of the leaky antenna.

2. The control method for a leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 further includes: The operating frequency of the leaky antenna is scanned at 1 GHz intervals within the 300 GHz band, and the propagation constant value corresponding to each frequency point is recorded synchronously to establish a discrete data set of frequency and propagation constant. The control voltage is adjusted stepwise from 0V to 15V in 0.5V increments. The phase delay change in the propagation path of the leaky antenna is measured at each voltage value, and the original data matrix of the voltage-propagation constant correspondence is calculated. Based on the original data matrix, the least squares fitting algorithm is used to extract the coefficient parameters of the second-order nonlinear function, where the zero-order coefficient represents the basic propagation constant, the first-order coefficient represents the voltage linear response sensitivity, and the second-order coefficient represents the nonlinear correction strength. The zeroth-order coefficients, first-order coefficients, and second-order coefficients obtained from the fitting are combined to form the dispersion control parameter set.

3. The control method for a leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 further includes: The target beam pointing angle is converted into a sine value and divided by the free space wave number to calculate the corresponding target propagation constant value. A second-order equation is established based on the zero-order, first-order, and second-order coefficients in the dispersion control parameter set. The target propagation constant is used as the target value of the equation to solve in reverse to obtain the reference control voltage. The node spacing is determined based on the physical length of the leaky antenna and the number of control nodes N. The reference control voltage is then linearly interpolated with the position coordinates of each control node along the propagation direction to calculate the initial voltage value of each control node. The initial voltage values ​​are organized sequentially to form the voltage gradient control sequence according to the spatial arrangement order of the control nodes along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna.

4. The control method for a leaky wave antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The node spacing is determined based on the physical length of the leaky antenna and the number of control nodes N. The reference control voltage is then linearly interpolated using the position coordinates of each control node along the propagation direction to calculate the initial voltage value for each control node, including: Divide the physical length of the leaky antenna by the number of control nodes N minus 1 to calculate the equal spacing between adjacent control nodes. Based on the equal spacing distance value and the starting position coordinates of the first control node, calculate the spatial position coordinate sequence of each control node along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna one by one; The reference control voltage and the spatial position coordinate sequence of each control node are input into a linear interpolation algorithm. Through position weight allocation and voltage gradient distribution calculation, the voltage weight coefficient corresponding to each control node is obtained. The reference control voltage is weighted according to the voltage weighting coefficient to calculate the initial voltage value of each control node.

5. The control method for a leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 further includes: Multiply the transmission distance by the preset attenuation coefficient and take the negative exponent, then multiply it by the sine function value of the position coordinates of each control node to obtain the distance compensation correction factor corresponding to each control node. Based on the distance compensation correction factor, the propagation constants of each control node in the voltage gradient control sequence are corrected one by one to obtain the corrected propagation constant dataset. The modified propagation constant dataset is substituted into the reverse calculation process of the dispersion control parameter group, and the adjusted voltage value of each control node is obtained by solving the second-order equation. The adjusted voltage values ​​are reorganized to form the distance-adaptive voltage distribution data according to the spatial arrangement order of the control nodes along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna.

6. The control method for a leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 further includes: Power distribution data at different angles in the far-field radiation pattern of the leaky antenna are collected by a power detector array. The power values ​​at each angle are weighted and integrated with the cosine function of the target angle to obtain the current beam quality factor value. The difference between the current beam quality factor value and the preset target value is compared. When the deviation exceeds the set threshold, the beam quality error is calculated to obtain the error input signal of the gradient descent iterative algorithm. Based on the error input signal, the gradient direction and adjustment step size parameters are calculated, and the voltage value of each control node in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is updated iteratively by gradient descent to obtain voltage regulation data. The voltage regulation data is superimposed on the distance adaptive voltage distribution data to generate the control voltage sequence driving each control node of the leaky antenna and output to the corresponding voltage control interface.

7. The control method for a leaky wave antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step involves calculating the gradient direction and adjusting the step size parameters based on the error input signal, and then performing gradient descent iterative updates on the voltage value of each control node in the distance-adaptive voltage distribution data to obtain voltage regulation data, including: The partial derivatives of the error input signal with respect to the voltage values ​​of each control node are calculated, and the gradient direction vector of each control node is solved by numerical differentiation to obtain the gradient distribution matrix. The voltage adjustment step size parameter corresponding to each control node is calculated by multiplying the magnitude of the gradient distribution matrix with the preset learning rate parameter. The gradient direction vector is multiplied element-wise with the corresponding voltage adjustment step size parameter to obtain the voltage increment value of each control node. The updated voltage regulation data is obtained by subtracting the corresponding voltage increment value from the current voltage value of each control node in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data.

8. A communication device, characterized in that, For implementing the control method for a leaky antenna as described in any one of claims 1-7, the communication device comprises: The measurement module is used to measure the dispersion characteristic curve of the leaky antenna in the terahertz band, establish a second-order nonlinear mapping relationship between the propagation constant and the control voltage, and obtain a set of dispersion control parameters including zero-order coefficients, first-order coefficients and second-order coefficients. The calculation module is used to substitute the target beam pointing angle into the beam angle calculation relationship to deduce the target propagation constant, and combine it with the dispersion control parameter group to calculate the initial voltage values ​​of multiple control units, forming a voltage gradient control sequence along the propagation direction of the leaky antenna. The correction module is used to correct the propagation constants corresponding to each control unit in the voltage gradient control sequence using a distance compensation algorithm. The correction amount is based on the exponential function relationship between the transmission distance, the attenuation coefficient, and the position coordinates of the control unit, and the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is recalculated. The driving module is used to detect the beam quality factor of the far-field radiation pattern of the leaky antenna in real time. When the beam quality factor deviates from the preset target value, the voltage adjustment amount in the distance adaptive voltage distribution data is updated by the gradient descent iterative algorithm, and the control voltage sequence is output to drive each control unit of the leaky antenna.

9. A control device for a leaky wave antenna, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that can run on the processor, the processor executing the computer program to implement the control method for a leaky antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is run by the processor, it causes the processor to perform the control method for a leaky antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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