Rolling crushing construction method and device for changing dry land into paddy field impermeable layer

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural land improvement, in particular to a rolling and crushing construction method and device for a dry land-to-paddy field impermeable layer, and aims at solving the problems that in the prior art, a dry land-to-paddy field impermeable layer construction method is complex in procedure and large in work amount, the following scheme is provided and comprises the following steps that 1, a site is prepared, after the construction area is determined to be a full-body loam area, preliminary leveling is carried out, sundries are removed, and mechanical operation is ensured; secondly, an impermeable layer is constructed, specifically, a three-edge wheel impact road roller is used for conducting impact rolling on the field surface original soil for multiple times, or a vibratory roller is used for conducting vibratory rolling on the field surface original soil for multiple times; 3, surface soil crushing: crushing 30-40cm soil on the surface layer by using a hydraulic rotary cultivator, and loosening the surface layer soil. According to the method, construction steps are simplified, in-situ soil resources are utilized to the maximum extent, dependence on external materials is reduced, meanwhile, under the condition that a large amount of original soil is prevented from being stripped, the depth of a plough layer is effectively increased, and disturbance to the soil structure is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural land improvement, and in particular to a method and apparatus for compacting and crushing a seepage-proof layer in converting dry land into paddy fields. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in dryland-to-paddy field conversion projects, constructing an effective impermeable layer is a crucial step in ensuring water and fertilizer retention in paddy fields and enabling the normal growth of rice and other aquatic crops. However, traditional methods for constructing impermeable layers have many shortcomings. Common methods include compacting the original soil after stripping a large amount of topsoil, covering it with imported soil, or laying artificial impermeable materials such as geomembranes or permeable sand. While these methods can achieve the purpose of impermeability to a certain extent, each has obvious limitations. For example, patent CN111837894B discloses a dryland-to-paddy field conversion technology, the core of which lies in the steps of topsoil stripping, backfilling with imported soil, field leveling, and soil compaction. Although this method mentions soil compaction, its main focus is on topsoil treatment and soil balance. It does not provide specific technical solutions or optimization measures for how to achieve efficient and economical impermeable layer construction through specific compaction processes and parameters.

[0003] For example, patent CN111642167A discloses a water-conserving, water-saving, fertilizer-saving treatment method for converting dry and sandy land into paddy fields. This method reconstructs the soil structure through secondary compaction and secondary backfilling, and adds water-retaining materials to the surface of the plow layer to seal the gaps between soil particles. This method is more complex, involving multiple backfillings and the addition of different materials. Patent CN113785675A relates to a method for converting sandy slopes into paddy fields. In this method, during the backfilling process, the soil is leveled by excavator and compacted by road roller after every 10cm of topsoil to increase its impermeability. This method is mainly applied to the improvement of sandy slopes and emphasizes layered backfilling and compaction. Existing technologies generally suffer from problems such as cumbersome procedures, high costs, strong dependence on specific materials, and unclear key construction parameters, which limit their large-scale application in dry land to paddy field conversion projects.

[0004] The existing technologies for constructing impermeable layers in dryland-to-paddy field conversion suffer from complex procedures, large engineering workloads, and high costs, directly limiting the sustainable development of newly constructed paddy fields, especially dryland-to-paddy field conversion projects. Firstly, the high cost makes it difficult for many regions, particularly economically underdeveloped areas or those with relatively scarce water resources, to undertake large-scale dryland-to-paddy field conversion projects. The multiple compaction processes, addition of water-retaining materials, and soil conditioners required in patent CN111642167A significantly increase the initial investment. This high cost threshold prolongs the project's return on investment period, reducing its attractiveness and feasibility. Secondly, the complex construction procedures and large-scale earthwork not only consume significant amounts of energy and resources but may also have adverse impacts on the ecological environment. Therefore, this solution proposes a compaction and crushing construction method and apparatus for impermeable layers in dryland-to-paddy field conversion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a method and apparatus for compacting and crushing a seepage-proof layer for converting dry land into paddy fields, which solves the problems of complex procedures and large workload in the existing methods for constructing seepage-proof layers for converting dry land into paddy fields.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for compacting and breaking up an impermeable layer in dry land converted to paddy field includes the following steps: Step 1: Site preparation. After determining that the construction area is a solid loam area, carry out preliminary leveling, remove debris, and ensure mechanical operation to provide a uniform foundation for subsequent compaction. Step 2: Construction of the seepage barrier layer. Use a three-wheel impact roller to compact the original soil on the field surface multiple times, or use a vibratory roller to compact the original soil on the field surface multiple times, so that the compaction degree of the soil layer below the top 30cm reaches 85%. Step 3: Break up the topsoil. Use a hydraulic rotary tiller to break up the top 30-40cm of soil, loosen the topsoil, and form a 30-40cm soft, flat, and well-structured tillage layer. Step 4: Cover with fertilized soil. Spread the prepared soil mixed with fertilizer on the topsoil to further enhance the soil fertility of the topsoil.

[0007] The above technical solutions simplify the construction process, maximize the use of in-situ soil resources, reduce dependence on external materials, lower material procurement and transportation costs, and effectively increase the depth of the topsoil layer while avoiding stripping the original soil, reducing disturbance to the soil structure and protecting the fertility of the topsoil layer.

[0008] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the number of impact compaction passes in step three is 2, and the number of vibration compaction passes in step four is 6.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above scheme, the speed of the three-sided wheel impact compaction and vibration compaction is 10km / h, and the overlap width of each compaction pass is 20-30cm.

[0010] As a further improvement to the above scheme, in step 4, the soil compaction degree of the impermeable layer is ≥85%, and the permeability of the impermeable layer is less than or equal to 2cm / d.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above scheme, after step four is completed, the permeability performance of the impermeable layer is tested. During the test, water is poured into the field at a time to a depth of 5-8 cm, and the time is recorded. If the water on the field surface does not dry for more than 72 hours, it is considered qualified.

[0012] A compaction and crushing construction device for converting dry land into paddy field seepage prevention layer includes a soil covering mechanism, wherein the soil covering mechanism includes: The soil spreading mechanism includes a hopper and wheels rotatably connected to the outer walls of both sides of the hopper via a rotating shaft. The bottom of the hopper has a discharge port, and a conveying roller connected to the rotating shaft is installed inside the discharge port to transport the soil in the hopper to the outside of the discharge port when the wheels rotate. The material leveling mechanism includes a combing rake mounted on the back of the hopper and a transmission assembly mounted on the side wall of the hopper for driving the combing rake to reciprocate along the length of the hopper when the shaft rotates. The transmission component is connected to the rotating shaft and evens out the soil output from the outlet during the movement of the hopper.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above solution, the feeding roller includes a roller that rotates inside it along the length direction of the discharge port and a plurality of baffles fixed on the outer periphery of the roller. One end of the roller is connected to the rotating shaft for transmission. The baffles are the same length as the roller, and the width direction of the baffles is consistent with the radial direction of the roller.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above solution, the combing rake includes a combing rod, multiple combing teeth fixed to the bottom surface of the combing rod, and two fixed sleeves movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the combing rod. The fixed sleeves are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the back of the hopper, and both ends of the combing rod are fixed with limiting blocks to prevent them from slipping out of the fixed sleeves.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above solution, the transmission assembly is provided in two sets and is respectively installed on the outer walls of both sides of the hopper. The transmission assembly includes a guide roller rotatably connected to the outer wall of the hopper, a driven gear sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide roller, and a guide post located on one side of the guide roller. The outer periphery of the rotating shaft is sleeved with a driving gear that meshes with the driven gear. The outer periphery of the guide roller is provided with a guide groove that is coaxial with and inclined to the guide roller. One end of the guide post extends into the guide groove and slides with it. The end of the guide post located in the guide groove has a hemispherical structure. The other end of the guide post is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the combing rod.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above solution, the back of the hopper is fixed with two support feet, and the angle between the support feet and the back is 30°-45°. The front of the hopper is fixed with 2 to 3 connecting rods, and the connecting rods are provided with connecting holes.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Specialized equipment such as three-sided impact rollers and vibratory rollers are used to perform in-situ high-intensity compaction of the dryland surface, achieving a soil compaction degree of ≥85% at a depth of 30 to 40 centimeters below the surface. This forms a dense, impermeable layer beneath the topsoil, significantly reducing the soil's permeability coefficient, minimizing deep seepage of irrigation water, and improving water resource utilization efficiency. Secondly, after completing deep compaction and forming an effective impermeable layer, a hydraulic rotary tiller is used to break up and loosen the topsoil at a depth of approximately 20 to 30 centimeters. This further breaks up the compacted topsoil, creating a topsoil layer suitable for crop growth while ensuring its permeability and aeration, preventing excessive compaction from negatively impacting crop root development.

[0018] 2. Compared to traditional methods that strip 30-40cm of topsoil, this method reduces unnecessary soil transportation, significantly shortens the construction period, minimizes disturbance to the soil structure, avoids ecological damage caused by large-scale soil extraction and waste, meets the requirements of sustainable agricultural development, protects the fertility of the topsoil, and effectively overcomes the drawbacks of traditional methods such as multiple processes, high costs, and long cycles. At the same time, by breaking up the top 20-30cm of soil with a hydraulic rotary tiller, the thickness of the topsoil layer is increased, providing a better environment for crop root growth and helping to increase crop yield.

[0019] 3. By setting up a soil mulching mechanism, after the topsoil layer is formed, the soil can be laid and the mulch can be leveled and smoothed at the same time, which greatly reduces the construction cycle and the input of manpower and time costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the soil mulching mechanism; Figure 2 This is a top view of the hopper; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface of the hopper; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission assembly and the combing rake; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the guide roller structure.

[0021] Explanation of key symbols: 1. Hopper; 2. Connecting rod; 3. Support foot; 4. Combing rod; 5. Combing teeth; 6. Wheel; 7. Baffle; 8. Fixing sleeve; 9. Rotating shaft; 10. Guide roller; 11. Limiting block; 12. Drive gear; 13. Guide column; 14. Discharge port; 15. Driven gear; 16. Guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0023] Example 1: This embodiment describes a method for compacting and breaking up an impermeable layer in dry land converted to paddy field, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Site preparation. A preliminary survey of the soil of the original dry land was conducted, including testing of basic indicators such as soil type, bulk density, water content, and organic matter content, in order to determine the optimal construction parameters. After determining that the construction area is a whole loam area, preliminary leveling was carried out, debris was removed, and mechanical operation was ensured to provide a uniform foundation for subsequent compaction operations. Step 2: Construction of the impermeable layer. Use a three-wheeled impact roller at a speed of 10-12 km / h to compact the original soil surface twice, achieving initial soil compaction. The overlap width of the impact roller tracks should be controlled at 30-40 cm to ensure uniform compaction and no omissions. Alternatively, a vibratory roller can be used to compact the original soil on the field surface six times at a speed of 3-5 km / h, while ensuring that the wheel tracks overlap by 1 / 3 of the wheel width, so that the soil compaction degree of the impermeable layer is ≥85%, thereby constructing a good impermeable layer. Step 3: Topsoil Breakup. After deep compaction, use a high-powered hydraulic rotary tiller to break up and loosen the top 20-30cm of soil. The rotary tillage operation must be fine and uniform to completely break up the compacted layer formed by compaction, restoring the soil's granular structure and creating a soft, flat tillage layer. By using a hydraulic rotary tiller to break up and loosen the top 30cm of soil, the effective tillage layer thickness is significantly increased to 28-30cm. A thicker tillage layer provides more space and a more abundant supply of nutrients and water for crop root growth, which is conducive to the formation of a strong root system, thereby enhancing the crop's resistance and absorption capacity, ultimately resulting in increased yield. Step 4: Cover with fertilized soil. Spread the pre-prepared soil mixed with fertilizer on the tillage layer to further enhance the soil fertility of the tillage layer. Cover the surface of the tillage layer with fertile soil to further enhance the fertility of the tillage layer.

[0024] In this embodiment, the water permeability performance is tested after the impermeable layer is constructed. During the test, the field is irrigated with 5-8 cm of water at a time, and the time is recorded. If the water on the field surface does not dry for more than 72 hours, it is considered qualified.

[0025] Example 2: Combination Figure 1 - Figure 5 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further improves upon the following: it also includes a compaction and crushing construction device for converting dry land into paddy field seepage prevention layer, comprising a fertilizer and soil covering mechanism, which includes: The soil spreading mechanism includes a hopper 1 and wheels 6 rotatably connected to the outer walls of both sides of the hopper 1 via a rotating shaft 9. The bottom of the hopper 1 has a discharge port 14. Inside the discharge port 14, a conveying roller is installed and driven by the rotating shaft 9 to transport the soil in the hopper 1 to the outside of the discharge port 14 when the wheels 6 rotate. The conveying roller includes a roller that rotates inside the discharge port 14 along its length and multiple baffles 7 fixed to the outer periphery of the roller. One end of the roller is driven by the rotating shaft 9. The baffles 7 are the same length as the roller, and the width direction of the baffles 7 is consistent with the radial direction of the roller. A storage space for storing soil is formed between two adjacent baffles 7. The fertilizer soil to be spread is loaded into the hopper 1, and then the hopper 1 is moved in the field by a vehicle. The wheels 6 drive the roller to rotate while rolling. When the storage space rotates to directly below the discharge port 14, the soil in the storage space is discharged and falls to the ground. The baffles 7 are set so that the soil inside the hopper will not be discharged when the hopper is not moving.

[0026] The uniform material distribution mechanism includes a combing rake installed on the back of the hopper 1 and a transmission assembly installed on the side wall of the hopper 1 for driving the combing rake to reciprocate along the length of the hopper 1 when the rotating shaft 9 rotates. The transmission assembly is connected to the rotating shaft 9 and, during the movement of the hopper 1, evens out the soil output from the discharge port 14. The combing rake includes a combing rod 4, multiple combing teeth 5 fixed to the bottom surface of the combing rod 4, and two fixed sleeves 8 movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the combing rod 4. The fixed sleeves 8 are fixed to the outer wall of the back of the hopper 1. Both ends of the combing rod 4 are fixed with limiting blocks 11 to prevent it from slipping out of the fixed sleeves 8. During the movement of the hopper 1, the transmission assembly drives the combing rod 4 to reciprocate along its length, thereby driving the combing teeth 5 to comb and flatten the fertilizer and soil discharged from the discharge port 14, which helps to mix the fertilizer and the topsoil more evenly.

[0027] Two sets of transmission components are provided and installed on the outer walls of both sides of the hopper 1. The transmission components include a guide roller 10 rotatably connected to the outer wall of the hopper 1, a driven gear 15 sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide roller 10, and a guide post 13 located on one side of the guide roller 10. A drive gear 12 meshing with the driven gear 15 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 9. A guide groove 16 coaxial with and inclined to the guide roller 10 is opened on the outer periphery of the guide roller 10. One end of the guide post 13 extends into the guide groove 16 and slides with it. The end of the guide post 13 located in the guide groove 16 is a hemispherical structure. The other end of the guide post 13 is fixed to the outer periphery of the combing rod 4. By utilizing the cooperation between the guide roller 10 and the guide post 13, the rotating shaft 9 rotates while driving the guide roller 10 to rotate. After the guide roller 10 rotates, it drives the guide post 13 to move back and forth along the axial direction of the guide roller 10 through the guide groove 16, thereby achieving the purpose of automatically driving the combing rod 4 to move back and forth when the hopper 1 moves.

[0028] In this embodiment, two support feet 3 are fixed on the back of the hopper 1, and the angle between the support feet 3 and the back is 30°-45°. Two to three connecting rods 2 are fixed on the front of the hopper 1, and connecting holes are provided on the connecting rods 2. The support feet 3 are provided to support the hopper 1 after it is tilted to the back to a certain extent, thereby preventing the hopper from tipping over. The connecting rods 2 are provided to facilitate the connection of the hopper 1 to the tractor, so that the tractor can drive it to move in the field.

[0029] In this embodiment, the style of wheel 6 can be changed according to specific needs to meet rolling requirements in different environments.

[0030] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for compacting and crushing a seepage-proof layer in dry land converted to paddy field, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Site preparation. After determining that the construction area is a solid loam area, carry out preliminary leveling, remove debris, and ensure mechanical operation to provide a uniform foundation for subsequent compaction. Step 2: Construction of the seepage barrier layer. Use a three-wheel impact roller to compact the original soil on the field surface multiple times, or use a vibratory roller to compact the original soil on the field surface multiple times, so that the compaction degree of the soil layer below the top 30cm reaches 85%. Step 3: Break up the topsoil. Use a hydraulic rotary tiller to break up the top 30-40cm of soil, loosen the topsoil, and form a 30-40cm soft, flat, and well-structured tillage layer. Step 4: Cover with fertilized soil. Spread the pre-prepared soil mixed with fertilizer on the topsoil to further enhance the soil fertility of the topsoil.

2. The method for compacting and crushing a seepage-proof layer in dry land converted to paddy field according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the number of impact compaction passes is 2, and the number of vibration compaction passes is 6.

3. The method for compacting and crushing an impermeable layer in dry land converted to paddy field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The speed of the three-sided wheel impact compaction and vibratory compaction is 10 km / h, and the overlap width of each compaction pass is 20-30 cm.

4. The method for compacting and crushing a seepage-proof layer in dry land converted to paddy field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permeability of the impermeable layer is less than or equal to 2 cm / d.

5. The method for compacting and crushing a seepage-proof layer in dry land converted to paddy field according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step four is completed, the permeability performance of the impermeable layer is tested. During the test, water is poured into the field at a depth of 5-8 cm and the time is recorded. If the water on the field surface does not dry for more than 72 hours, it is considered qualified.

6. A construction apparatus for a method of compacting and crushing an impermeable layer for converting dry land into paddy field as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes a soil covering mechanism, the soil covering mechanism comprising: The soil spreading mechanism includes a hopper and wheels rotatably connected to the outer walls of both sides of the hopper via a rotating shaft. The bottom of the hopper has a discharge port, and a conveying roller connected to the rotating shaft is installed inside the discharge port to transport the soil in the hopper to the outside of the discharge port when the wheels rotate. The material leveling mechanism includes a combing rake mounted on the back of the hopper and a transmission assembly mounted on the side wall of the hopper for driving the combing rake to reciprocate along the length of the hopper when the shaft rotates. The transmission component is connected to the rotating shaft and evens out the soil output from the outlet during the movement of the hopper.

7. The compaction and crushing construction device for the seepage prevention layer of dry land converted into paddy field according to claim 6, characterized in that, The feeding roller includes a roller that rotates inside it along the length of the discharge port and multiple baffles fixed on the outer periphery of the roller. One end of the roller is connected to the rotating shaft. The baffles are the same length as the roller, and the width direction of the baffles is consistent with the radial direction of the roller.

8. The compaction and crushing construction device for the seepage prevention layer of dry land converted into paddy field according to claim 6, characterized in that, The combing rake includes a combing rod, multiple combing teeth fixed to the bottom surface of the combing rod, and two fixed sleeves movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the combing rod. The fixed sleeves are fixed to the outer wall of the back of the hopper. Both ends of the combing rod are fixed with limiting blocks to prevent them from slipping out of the fixed sleeves.

9. A compaction and crushing construction device for converting dry land into paddy field seepage prevention layer according to claim 8, wherein the transmission assembly is provided in two sets and is respectively installed on the outer walls of both sides of the hopper, the transmission assembly includes a guide roller rotatably connected to the outer wall of the hopper, a driven gear sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide roller and a guide column provided on one side of the guide roller, a driving gear meshing with the driven gear is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft, a guide groove coaxial with and inclinedly arranged on the outer periphery of the guide roller, one end of the guide column extends into the guide groove and slides therewith, and the end of the guide column located in the guide groove is a hemispherical structure, and the other end of the guide column is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the combing rod.

10. The compaction and crushing construction device for converting dry land into paddy field seepage prevention layer according to claim 6, wherein two support feet are fixed on the back of the hopper 1, and the included angle between the support feet and the back is 30°-45°, and two to three connecting rods are fixed on the front of the hopper, and connecting holes are provided on the connecting rods.

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