Earthquake oscillation response simulation device for tall mountain

Abstract

The invention discloses a tall mountain ground motion response simulation device, and relates to the technical field of rock mass engineering geodynamics, and the tall mountain ground motion response simulation device is characterized in that a seismic power loading unit respectively bears a model box equipped with a mountain model through two six-degree-of-freedom vibration tables; the freezing and thawing cycle loading unit realizes programmed temperature control in a box through a compressor-condenser-capillary tube-heat conduction tube system, and an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor and a fiber bragg grating are pre-embedded in the model; the fault movement loading unit is formed by sequentially and flexibly connecting first to fourth displacement plates to simulate fault displacement; the tectonic stress loading unit adopts a loading rod to push a sub-plate to laterally apply pressure to the mountain model in the model box; the monitoring unit fuses sensor data and high-speed camera images, and analyzes the catastrophe process in real time through a computer. According to the device and the method, tectonic stress, fault movement, freeze-thaw cycle and earthquake power quadruple combined loading are integrated for the first time, catastrophe dynamics mechanisms of tall mountains are accurately revealed, and the device and the method are suitable for major engineering geological disaster prevention and control research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock mass engineering geological dynamics technology, and in particular to a device for simulating the seismic response of high mountains. Background Technology

[0002] Geological disasters triggered by high mountains under the combined effects of various internal and external forces, including tectonic movements, freeze-thaw weathering, and strong seismic forces, are not only massive in scale and complex in mechanism, but also highly concealed and difficult to predict. Under the influence of tectonic movements, tectonic stress continuously increases and accumulates within the rock mass, significantly altering the stress state and deformation instability patterns within high mountains. Weathering processes such as ice wedging and freeze-thaw settlement continuously deteriorate the strength and integrity of the rock mass and affect the occurrence and migration of groundwater. Under long-term tectonic movements and freeze-thaw weathering, instantaneous strong seismic forces can easily trigger the instability and failure of high mountains. In-depth understanding of the catastrophic dynamics mechanism of high mountains under strong seismic loads has become a cutting-edge scientific challenge for the prevention and control of major engineering geological disasters in plateau mountainous areas.

[0003] Currently, physical simulation experiments, represented by centrifuges and shaking tables, have been widely used in geological hazard research on high mountains under seismic loading. However, for the combined effects of long-term and short-term loads on high mountains, existing physical simulation experimental equipment can only realize the loading of a single factor, making it difficult to recreate the complex disaster-causing environment of high mountains. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high mountain earthquake response simulation device to solve the problems existing in the prior art, realize the simulation of high mountain earthquakes, and facilitate the study of disaster-causing dynamics and instability mechanisms of high mountains under strong earthquake loads.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a device for simulating the seismic response of high mountains, comprising: A seismic dynamic loading unit, comprising two spaced-apart six-degree-of-freedom shaking tables; The freeze-thaw cycle loading unit includes two model boxes and two refrigeration systems. The model boxes, refrigeration systems, and six-degree-of-freedom vibration tables correspond one-to-one. The refrigeration systems are used to cool the corresponding model boxes. The model boxes are fixedly connected to the vibration table surfaces of the corresponding six-degree-of-freedom vibration tables. Each model box contains a mountain model constructed of similar materials to simulate the mountain. Each mountain model constructed of similar materials contains several accelerometers, several temperature sensors, and several fiber optic gratings. The fault-joint motion loading unit includes four fault-joint plates connected sequentially by a flexible material. The four fault-joint plates are a first fault-joint plate, a second fault-joint plate, a third fault-joint plate, and a fourth fault-joint plate. The first fault-joint plate is fixedly connected to one of the model boxes, and the fourth fault-joint plate is fixedly connected to another model box. A stress loading unit is constructed, wherein all sidewalls of the model box, except for the sidewall connected to the discontinuity motion loading unit, are loading sidewalls. Each loading sidewall includes several sub-plates distributed sequentially along the horizontal direction. Each sub-plate is slidably connected to the top and bottom ends of the model box along its own normal direction. The stress loading unit includes loading rods corresponding to each sub-plate and fixed walls corresponding to each loading sidewall. The fixed walls are parallel to and spaced apart from the corresponding loading sidewalls and are fixedly connected to the ground. One end of each loading rod is fixedly connected to the corresponding sub-plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixed wall corresponding to the loading sidewall where the sub-plate is located. The loading rod is a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the telescopic direction of the loading rod is parallel to the normal direction of the corresponding sub-plate. The monitoring unit includes a computer, all of the accelerometers, all of the temperature sensors, and all of the fiber Bragg gratings, with each of the accelerometers, temperature sensors, and fiber Bragg gratings being signal-connected to the computer.

[0006] Preferably, each of the sub-plates is made of transparent tempered glass; the monitoring unit also includes two cameras that correspond one-to-one with the model box, the cameras being fixed on the corresponding model box and used to photograph the similar material masonry mountain model inside the corresponding model box through the sub-plate on the corresponding model box.

[0007] Preferably, each of the refrigeration systems includes a compressor, a condenser, a capillary tube, and a heat pipe connected in sequence. The heat pipe is disposed on the wall of the model box corresponding to the refrigeration system, and the end of the heat pipe away from the capillary tube is connected to the compressor.

[0008] Preferably, the heat pipes are S-shaped.

[0009] Preferably, the sub-plate is slidably engaged with the model box via a slide rail.

[0010] Preferably, two adjacent sliding plates are connected by a plurality of connecting plates, and both adjacent sliding plates are connected to the connecting plates by bolts.

[0011] Preferably, there are multiple sub-plates located in the same loading sidewall.

[0012] Preferably, the different accelerometers in the similar material masonry mountain model are located at different heights, the different temperature sensors in the similar material masonry mountain model are located at different heights, and the different fiber optic gratings in the similar material masonry mountain model are located at different heights.

[0013] Preferably, the flexible material is polyurethane rubber.

[0014] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: The high mountain seismic response simulation device of the present invention can simulate mountain vibration under the combined conditions of tectonic stress, strong seismic disturbance and freeze-thaw cycle. At the same time, the monitoring unit can monitor the dynamic characteristics of the simulated mountain model constructed of similar materials in real time during the vibration process and perform full-process analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high mountain seismic response simulation device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the high mountain seismic response simulation device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fault motion loading unit of the high mountain seismic response simulation device of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram simulating reverse fault movement; Figure 5 A schematic diagram simulating normal fault movement; Figure 6 A schematic diagram simulating strike-slip fault movement; Figure 7 This is a top view of the high mountain seismic response simulation device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding fit between the subplate and the model box in this invention; In the diagram: 1. Model box; 2. Disconnected motion loading unit; 3. Sub-plate; 4. Loading rod; 5. Fixed wall; 6. Six-degree-of-freedom vibration table; 7. Slide rail; 101. Heat pipe; 102. Capillary tube; 103. Condenser; 104. Compressor; 201. First disconnected plate; 202. Second disconnected plate; 203. Third disconnected plate; 204. Fourth disconnected plate; 205. Connecting plate; 206. Flexible material. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high mountain earthquake response simulation device to solve the problems existing in the prior art, realize the simulation of high mountain earthquakes, and facilitate the study of disaster-causing dynamics and instability mechanisms of high mountains under strong earthquake loads.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a high mountain seismic response simulation device, including: The seismic dynamic loading unit includes two spaced-apart six-degree-of-freedom shaking tables 6; The freeze-thaw cycle loading unit includes two model boxes 1 and two refrigeration systems. The model boxes 1, refrigeration systems and six-degree-of-freedom vibration tables 6 correspond one-to-one. The refrigeration system is used to cool down the corresponding model box 1. The model box 1 is fixedly connected to the vibration table surface of the corresponding six-degree-of-freedom vibration table 6. Each model box 1 is equipped with a mountain model made of similar materials to simulate the mountain. Each mountain model made of similar materials is equipped with several accelerometers, several temperature sensors and several fiber optic gratings. The fault motion loading unit 2 includes four fault plates connected in sequence by flexible material 206. The four fault plates are a first fault plate 201, a second fault plate 202, a third fault plate 203 and a fourth fault plate 204. The first fault plate 201 is fixedly connected to one model box 1 and the fourth fault plate 204 is fixedly connected to another model box 1. The model box 1 is constructed with stress loading units. Except for the side wall connected to the discontinuity motion loading unit 2, all other side walls are loading side walls. Each loading side wall includes several sub-plates 3 distributed sequentially in the horizontal direction. Each sub-plate 3 is slidably connected to the top and bottom of the model box 1 along its own normal direction. The stress loading unit includes loading rods 4 corresponding to each sub-plate 3 and fixed walls 5 corresponding to each loading side wall. The fixed walls 5 are parallel to the corresponding loading side walls and are spaced apart. The fixed walls 5 are fixedly connected to the ground. One end of the loading rod 4 is fixedly connected to the corresponding sub-plate 3, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixed wall 5 corresponding to the loading side wall where the corresponding sub-plate 3 is located. The loading rod 4 adopts a telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The telescopic direction of the loading rod 4 is parallel to the normal direction of the corresponding sub-plate 3. The monitoring unit includes a computer, all accelerometers, all temperature sensors, and all fiber Bragg gratings. Each accelerometer, temperature sensor, and fiber Bragg grating is connected to the computer via a signal.

[0021] In this embodiment, each sub-plate 3 is slidably engaged with the model box 1 via a slide rail 7. Specifically, the slide rail 7 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the model box 1, and the sub-plate 3 is slidably engaged with the slide rail 7.

[0022] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that each sub-plate 3 is made of transparent tempered glass; the monitoring unit also includes two cameras that correspond one-to-one with the model box 1. The cameras are fixed on the corresponding model box 1 and are used to take pictures of the similar material masonry mountain model in the corresponding model box 1 through the sub-plate 3 (i.e., the transparent observation window) on the corresponding model box 1.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, each refrigeration system includes a compressor 104, a condenser 103, a capillary tube 102, and a heat pipe 101 connected in sequence. The heat pipe 101 is disposed on the wall of the model box 1 corresponding to the refrigeration system, with the end of the heat pipe 101 away from the capillary tube 102 connected to the compressor 104. Specifically, the capillary tube 102, condenser 103, and compressor 104 are disposed outside the model box 1. The outlet of the heat pipe 101 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 104, the inlet of the heat pipe 101 is connected to the outlet of the capillary tube 102, the outlet of the compressor 104 is connected to the inlet of the condenser 103, and the outlet of the condenser 103 is connected to the inlet of the capillary tube 102. The compressor 104 compresses the vapor in the heat pipe 101 into the condenser 103 for heat release. The cooled air is then transferred by the capillary tube 102 to the heat pipe 101 for heat absorption, thereby achieving the refrigeration function and cooling the model box 1.

[0024] In the optional schemes of this embodiment, the heat pipe 101 is preferably distributed in an S-shape.

[0025] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that two adjacent misaligned plates are connected by a number of connecting plates 205, and each of the two adjacent misaligned plates is connected to each connecting plate 205 by bolts; the misaligned plates are connected by flexible material 206 and fixed by connecting plates 205, which satisfies the model misalignment requirements and ensures the sealing of the device.

[0026] In the optional schemes of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the misalignment angle between the first misalignment plate 201 and the second misalignment plate 202 is 75°, the misalignment angle between the second misalignment plate 202 and the third misalignment plate 203 is 60°, and the misalignment angle between the third misalignment plate 203 and the fourth misalignment plate 204 is 45°.

[0027] The loading rod 4 and the sub-plate 3 work together to provide a customized structural stress for the test. Before use, the misalignment angle can be adjusted by fixing or removing the connecting plate 205 to check whether two adjacent misalignment plates are misaligned. When it is necessary for two adjacent misalignment plates to move, simply remove the connecting plate 205 between the two misalignment plates. During use, the misalignment distance can be controlled by different extension and retraction lengths of the loading rod 4. The working principle of the misalignment motion loading unit 2 is as follows: (1) Reverse faulting refers to the fault plane as the dividing line, where the upper part of the rock (i.e., the hanging wall) is the rock part that is more susceptible to faulting. Figure 4 The model in the left model box (including the first misaligned plate 201, the second misaligned plate 202, and the third misaligned plate 203) moves upwards, while the lower rock (i.e., the lower plate) moves upwards. Figure 4 The model in the right-hand model box and the fourth misaligned plate 204 move downwards; refer to Figure 4 To achieve reverse fault movement, the first fault plate 201 is fixedly connected to the second fault plate 202 via the connecting plate 205, and the second fault plate 202 is fixedly connected to the third fault plate 203 via the connecting plate 205. The connecting plate 205 between the third fault plate 203 and the fourth fault plate 204 is removed, allowing the two model boxes 1 to move along a 45° direction to simulate reverse fault movement. Figure 4 The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of relative motion; (2) Normal fault type displacement refers to the rock part above the fault plane (i.e., the hanging wall) that is separated from the fault plane. Figure 5 The model in the left model box and the first misaligned plate 201 move downwards, and the lower rock (i.e., the lower plate) moves downwards. Figure 5 The model in the right-hand model box, the second misaligned plate 202, the third misaligned plate 203, and the fourth misaligned plate 204 move upwards; refer to Figure 5To achieve normal fault displacement, the third displacement plate 203 is fixedly connected to the fourth displacement plate 204 via the connecting plate 205, and the second displacement plate 202 is fixedly connected to the third displacement plate 203 via the connecting plate 205. The connecting plate 205 between the first displacement plate 201 and the second displacement plate 202 is removed, allowing the two model boxes 1 to move along a 75° direction to simulate normal fault movement. Figure 5 The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of relative motion; (3) Strike-slip faulting refers to horizontal sliding of the rock on both sides of a fault plane, as shown in the reference. Figure 6 To achieve strike-slip fault movement, the first fault plate 201 is fixedly connected to the second fault plate 202 via the connecting plate 205, and the third fault plate 203 is fixedly connected to the fourth fault plate 204 via the connecting plate 205. The connecting plate 205 between the second fault plate 202 and the third fault plate 203 is then removed, allowing the two model boxes 1 to move horizontally along a 60° direction to simulate strike-slip fault movement. Figure 6 The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of relative motion.

[0028] It is worth noting that the six-degree-of-freedom vibration table is a commercially available product familiar to technicians, such as the Stewart motion platform.

[0029] In the optional schemes of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the different accelerometers in the similar material masonry mountain model are located at different heights, the different temperature sensors in the similar material masonry mountain model are located at different heights, and the different fiber optic gratings in the similar material masonry mountain model are located at different heights.

[0030] In the optional embodiments of this example, the flexible material 206 is preferably polyurethane rubber.

[0031] Except for the sidewall connected to the fault-loaded motion unit 2, all sidewalls of model box 1 are loading sidewalls. Each loading unit includes several sub-plates 3 distributed sequentially along the horizontal direction, and each sub-plate 3 has a corresponding loading rod 4. By controlling different loading rods 4 to apply lateral forces to the corresponding sub-plates 3, the sub-plates 3 exert lateral pressure on the mountain model inside model box 1, thereby simulating non-uniform structural stress loading. The magnitude of the loading force of different loading rods 4 on the corresponding sub-plates 3 is determined according to the actual situation. Two three-axis six-degree-of-freedom shaking tables 6 are located below the left and right model boxes 1 respectively. The two three-axis six-degree-of-freedom shaking tables 6 can move independently to meet the various motion modes of the large-scale model under different seismic conditions and realize different motion forms of fault-containing structures.

[0032] The specific usage method of the high mountain seismic response simulation device in this embodiment is as follows: Step 1: When making the mountain model, fill the model box 1 with the prepared filler in layers and compact it. When laying the layers, the accelerometer, temperature sensor and fiber optic grating need to be laid in the model at the same time. After forming the preset model shape, let it stand for curing until the test requirements are met.

[0033] Step 2: Securely mount the completed model box 1 onto the vibration table surface, and securely mount the camera onto the front of the tempered glass.

[0034] Step 3: Control the freeze-thaw system to simulate freeze-thaw cycles and collect temperature sensor data inside the model.

[0035] Step 4: Control the structural stress loading unit to simulate structural stress.

[0036] Step 5: Control the shaking table to simulate ground motion.

[0037] Step Six: After the experiment is completed, turn off the instrument and collect and analyze the model acceleration, fiber optic grating, and image data.

[0038] Step 7: A monitoring system composed of miniature accelerometers, temperature sensors, fiber optic gratings, and cameras acquires the model's acceleration time-history curves, temperature change curves, internal strain, and image data. Acceleration amplification factor, Fast Fourier Transform, and Hilbert-Huang Transform are used to analyze the acceleration time-history curves, obtaining seismic response characteristics in the time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain. These results are used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the mountain's internal dynamic response and energy distribution, as well as its impact on the gradual failure process of the mountain. The acceleration amplification factor is expressed as the ratio of the peak acceleration at any monitoring point in the model to the peak acceleration at the bottom monitoring point. Then, the deformation and failure characteristics of the model surface under different seismic loads are acquired using cameras. Particle image velocimetry combined with internal temperature and strain data is used to obtain the model's temperature field and deformation field. Combined with the Hilbert-Huang Transform method, the influence of the mountain's deformation characteristics on the seismic response can be explained from an energy analysis perspective. This method not only comprehensively analyzes the seismic response characteristics of high mountains from the inside out but also establishes the correlation between the mountain's seismic response and deformation failure, accurately elucidating the dynamic mechanism of mountain disasters.

[0039] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating the seismic response of high mountains, characterized in that, include: A seismic dynamic loading unit, comprising two spaced-apart six-degree-of-freedom shaking tables; The freeze-thaw cycle loading unit includes two model boxes and two refrigeration systems. The model boxes, refrigeration systems, and six-degree-of-freedom vibration tables correspond one-to-one. The refrigeration systems are used to cool the corresponding model boxes. The model boxes are fixedly connected to the vibration table surfaces of the corresponding six-degree-of-freedom vibration tables. Each model box contains a mountain model constructed of similar materials to simulate the mountain. Each mountain model constructed of similar materials contains several accelerometers, several temperature sensors, and several fiber optic gratings. The fault-joint motion loading unit includes four fault-joint plates connected sequentially by a flexible material. The four fault-joint plates are a first fault-joint plate, a second fault-joint plate, a third fault-joint plate, and a fourth fault-joint plate. The first fault-joint plate is fixedly connected to one of the model boxes, and the fourth fault-joint plate is fixedly connected to another model box. A stress loading unit is constructed, wherein all sidewalls of the model box, except for the sidewall connected to the discontinuity motion loading unit, are loading sidewalls. Each loading sidewall includes several sub-plates distributed sequentially along the horizontal direction. Each sub-plate is slidably connected to the top and bottom ends of the model box along its own normal direction. The stress loading unit includes loading rods corresponding to each sub-plate and fixed walls corresponding to each loading sidewall. The fixed walls are parallel to and spaced apart from the corresponding loading sidewalls and are fixedly connected to the ground. One end of each loading rod is fixedly connected to the corresponding sub-plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixed wall corresponding to the loading sidewall where the sub-plate is located. The loading rod is a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the telescopic direction of the loading rod is parallel to the normal direction of the corresponding sub-plate. The monitoring unit includes a computer, all of the accelerometers, all of the temperature sensors, and all of the fiber Bragg gratings, with each of the accelerometers, temperature sensors, and fiber Bragg gratings being signal-connected to the computer.

2. The high mountain seismic response simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the sub-plates is made of transparent tempered glass; the monitoring unit also includes two cameras that correspond one-to-one with the model box. The cameras are fixed on the corresponding model box and are used to photograph the similar material masonry mountain model inside the corresponding model box through the sub-plate on the corresponding model box.

3. The high mountain seismic response simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the refrigeration systems includes a compressor, a condenser, a capillary tube, and a heat pipe connected in sequence. The heat pipe is disposed on the wall of the model box corresponding to the refrigeration system, and the end of the heat pipe away from the capillary tube is connected to the compressor.

4. The high mountain seismic response simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat pipes are arranged in an S-shape.

5. The high mountain seismic response simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sub-plate slides into the model box via a slide rail.

6. The high mountain seismic response simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two adjacent sliding plates are connected by several connecting plates, and both adjacent sliding plates are connected to the connecting plates by bolts.

7. The high mountain seismic response simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The misalignment angle between the first misalignment plate and the second misalignment plate is 75°, the misalignment angle between the second misalignment plate and the third misalignment plate is 60°, and the misalignment angle between the third misalignment plate and the fourth misalignment plate is 45°.

8. The high mountain seismic response simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of sub-plates located in the same loading sidewall is multiple.

9. The high mountain seismic response simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The different accelerometers in the similar material masonry mountain model are located at different heights, the different temperature sensors in the similar material masonry mountain model are located at different heights, and the different fiber optic gratings in the similar material masonry mountain model are located at different heights.

10. The high mountain seismic response simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible material is polyurethane rubber.

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