Seeding machine and anti-blocking directional seed metering device and method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a seeding machine and an anti-blocking directional seed metering device and method thereof, the seeding machine comprises the anti-blocking directional seed metering device, the device comprises: a base mounted on a frame of the seeding machine; the seed-metering device is arranged on the base through a seed-metering shell; the seed guiding and ditching mechanism is mounted under the seed metering device, is used for realizing accurate directional guiding of seeds and seed ditch forming, and comprises a seed guiding plate and a linkage type furrow opener; the soil scraping mechanism is mounted on the base and corresponds to the seed guide plate, a seed metering shaft of the seed metering device is connected with the soil scraping mechanism, and the soil scraping mechanism is driven to scrape adhesive soil on the surface of the seed guide plate and at a seed metering opening through high-frequency linear reciprocating motion, so that periodic forced blockage clearing is realized. The invention further discloses an anti-blocking directional seed metering method which is used for dynamic migration of soil aggregates and efficient series connection anti-blocking, seed metering smoothness, seeding uniformity and operation adaptability are remarkably improved, the phenomena of miss-seeding, repeated seeding, inconsistent seeding depth and the like are fundamentally eradicated, and efficient, reliable and accurate seeding is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to agricultural seeding machinery, and in particular to a seeder and its soil aggregate dynamic migration and efficient series anti-blocking directional seeding device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Precision seeding technology is a core component of the modern agricultural production system, and its development level directly affects the precision of crop production, resource utilization efficiency, and overall productivity. With the advancement of large-scale and intensive agricultural models, higher demands are being placed on the precision, reliability, and efficiency of seeding operations.

[0003] As a key component for precision seeding, the anti-clogging performance and operational stability of the seed metering device have become critical bottlenecks restricting the high-quality development of seeding machinery. Due to the complex and varied soil textures in fields, especially under conditions of heavy clay soil, high humidity, or stubble cover, the seed metering inlet is prone to intermittent or continuous clogging due to factors such as soil aggregate accumulation, stubble mixing, and the adhesion of wet, sticky soil. This clogging significantly interferes with the seed flow path, leading to inaccurate seeding, missed sowing, double sowing, or inconsistent sowing depth, severely limiting sowing uniformity and crop production potential. Most existing seed metering devices have limited anti-clogging capabilities, relying heavily on manual intervention or simple passive unclogging methods. These methods suffer from incomplete unclogging, poor operational continuity, weak soil adaptability, and inability to adapt to high-speed sowing conditions, failing to meet the requirements of modern precision agriculture for high reliability, high efficiency, and good adaptability in seeding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a seeder and its anti-blocking directional seeding device and method, which are in response to the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an anti-blocking directional seeding device, comprising:

[0006] The base is installed on the frame of the seeder;

[0007] The seed metering device is mounted on the base via the seed metering housing;

[0008] A seed-guiding and furrow-opening mechanism, installed directly below the seed metering device, is used to achieve precise seed guidance and furrow formation, including a seed guide plate and a linkage furrow opener; and

[0009] A soil scraping mechanism is installed on the base and is set corresponding to the seed guide plate. The seed metering shaft of the seed metering device is connected to the soil scraping mechanism, which drives the soil scraping mechanism to scrape off the adhesive soil on the surface of the seed guide plate and the seed metering port area of ​​the seed metering device through high-frequency linear reciprocating motion, thereby achieving periodic forced unblocking.

[0010] The aforementioned anti-blocking directional seeding device further includes a soil guiding mechanism, which is installed on the base corresponding to the soil scraping mechanism. The soil guiding mechanism includes a spiral conveyor soil guide and a soil guiding transmission component. The spiral conveyor soil guide is installed on the base, and the soil guiding transmission component is connected to the seeding shaft and the spiral conveyor soil guide respectively, driving the spiral conveyor soil guide to rotate continuously to dynamically migrate and guide the soil around the seeding port of the seeding device, so as to prevent soil agglomeration and accumulation.

[0011] In the aforementioned anti-blocking directional seeding device, the soil guiding transmission component includes a first gear disk, a second gear disk, and a transmission chain. The first gear disk is connected to the seeding shaft to synchronously obtain power. The spiral conveyor soil guide is mounted on the base via bearings. The second gear disk is coaxially connected to the spiral conveyor soil guide and is connected to the first gear disk via the transmission chain to obtain constant rotational power, driving the spiral conveyor soil guide to rotate at high speed and stably. The outer edge of the spiral blades of the spiral conveyor soil guide is close to the outer edge of the soil discharge of the seed-guiding trenching mechanism.

[0012] In the aforementioned anti-blocking directional seeding device, the soil scraping mechanism includes a soil scraping crank, a soil scraping connecting rod, a soil scraping plate, and a sliding plate connector. The soil scraping crank is connected to the seeding shaft and is used to convert the rotational motion of the seeding shaft into planar reciprocating motion. One end of the soil scraping connecting rod is hinged to the eccentric pin of the soil scraping crank, and the other end is hinged to the sliding plate connector. The sliding plate connector is connected to the soil scraping plate and is used to constrain the planar motion transmitted by the soil scraping connecting rod into directional linear reciprocating motion along the surface of the seed guide plate.

[0013] In the aforementioned anti-blocking directional seeding device, the scraper blade is provided with a straight groove adapted to the sliding plate connector, and the front end of the scraper blade is provided with a scraping blade; the sliding plate connector is provided with an elongated hole for adjusting and limiting the reciprocating stroke of the scraper blade.

[0014] In the aforementioned anti-blocking directional seed dispensing device, the seed guide plate is positioned at a set angle directly below the seed dispensing port of the seed dispenser to receive and guide the seeds to fall precisely. The surface of the seed guide plate is polished and has a V-shaped cross-section to facilitate seed collection and directional guidance. The linkage furrow opener is hinged to the lower rear of the seed guide plate, and the cutting edge of the linkage furrow opener is provided with a wear-resistant layer, which is a wear-resistant alloy layer or a surface-hardened layer.

[0015] In the aforementioned anti-clogging directional seeding device, the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is set and optimized by establishing a wear life prediction model, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is:

[0016] ;

[0017] Where t is the wear-resistant layer thickness in mm, c is the wear coefficient in mm / km, k is the unit conversion factor, v is the operating speed in km / h, and T is the expected service life in h.

[0018] To better achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a method for anti-blocking directional seeding, wherein the anti-blocking directional seeding device used above includes:

[0019] The planting trench excavation process involves the seed-guiding trenching mechanism moving forward with the seeder, driving the linkage trench opener to complete the trenching operation.

[0020] The seed metering process begins when the seeds enter the seed metering device from the seed box.

[0021] In the soil scraping step, the rotational power of the seed metering shaft is converted into high-frequency reciprocating motion of the soil scraping mechanism, which drives the scraper blade to reciprocate linearly along the surface of the seed guide plate, scraping away the adhering soil on the surface of the seed guide plate and in the seed metering port area of ​​the seed meterer, thus completing forced unblocking; and

[0022] The precise guidance process ensures that the seeds fall precisely when the seed outlet is unobstructed. The seed guide plate collects and guides the seeds, ensuring that they enter the seed furrow opened by the linkage furrow opener with a stable posture and a predetermined trajectory.

[0023] The aforementioned method for preventing blockage and directional seeding also includes:

[0024] In the soil guiding step, the seed discharge shaft drives the soil guiding mechanism to drive the spiral conveyor soil guide to rotate continuously at high speed, continuously moving and dynamically guiding the soil at the seed discharge port to prevent soil agglomeration. In conjunction with the soil scraping mechanism, the surface of the seed guide plate and the edge area of ​​the seed discharge port are scraped back and forth to thoroughly remove the adhering soil.

[0025] The soil guiding efficiency of the spiral conveyor soil guide is:

[0026] ;

[0027] Where Qs is the hourly soil conveying capacity, in m³ / h; D is the outer diameter of the spiral blade of the spiral conveyor, in m; d is the diameter of the spiral shaft of the spiral conveyor, in m; φ is the soil filling coefficient; and η is the conveying efficiency coefficient.

[0028] To better achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a seeder, which includes the aforementioned anti-blocking directional seeding device.

[0029] The technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] This invention solves the problems of existing seed metering devices, such as clogging, insufficient clearing capacity, and limited applicability in complex agronomic environments. It achieves efficient, series-type anti-clogging seed metering by combining dynamic soil guidance, active disturbance, and forced clearing. With a reasonable structure, it thoroughly clears clogging without damaging seeds and adapts to various soil conditions and crop types, providing technical support for stable and efficient precision sowing. Through a dual-mode synergistic anti-clogging mechanism of spiral soil guiding and reciprocating soil scraping, it effectively solves the problem of seed metering port blockage caused by soil adhesion, stubble blockage, and aggregate accumulation during precision sowing of various crops. This significantly improves seed metering smoothness, sowing uniformity, and operational adaptability, fundamentally eliminating missed sowing, double sowing, and inconsistent sowing depth, achieving efficient, reliable, and precise sowing operations. Among them, the spiral soil guiding mechanism generates continuous axial soil conveying capacity through its high-speed rotating spiral blades, realizing the dynamic lateral migration and active guidance of soil aggregates around the seed outlet, effectively avoiding local soil retention and structural blockage, and ensuring the continuity of seed flow; the reciprocating soil scraping mechanism relies on the crank-slider mechanism to convert the rotary input into the high-frequency linear reciprocating motion of the scraper, which forcibly and mechanically scrapes away the soil adhering to the surface of the seed guiding plate and the edge area of ​​the seed outlet, thoroughly cleaning the residual blockage, further consolidating the anti-blocking effect, and significantly enhancing the reliability and robustness of the system under complex working conditions such as wet and sticky conditions and stubble coverage; the combined seed guiding and furrowing mechanism, through the synergistic effect of the V-shaped seed guiding plate and the wear-resistant furrow opener, guides the seeds to fall in a concentrated and directional manner, reducing bouncing and segregation, and forms a seed bed with stable depth and neat furrow shape, providing good conditions for seed germination and seedling growth.

[0031] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a seeder structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-blocking directional seeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of an anti-blocking directional seeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a soil guiding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a soil scraping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a seed-guiding trenching mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Among them, the attached figures are labeled

[0039] 1 rack

[0040] 2 Anti-blocking directional seeding device

[0041] 21 Base

[0042] 22 Seed metering device

[0043] 221 Seeding Shell

[0044] 222 Seeding axis

[0045] 223 Seeding tray

[0046] 23. Soil guiding mechanism

[0047] 231 First Gear Disc

[0048] 232 Drive chain

[0049] 233 Second Gear Disc

[0050] 234 Screw Conveyor Soil Guide

[0051] 24 scraping mechanism

[0052] 241 Scraper Crank

[0053] 242 scraper connecting rod

[0054] 243 scraper

[0055] 244 skateboard connector

[0056] 25-point seed-guiding trenching mechanism

[0057] 251 Seed Guide Plate

[0058] 252 Linkage Trencher

[0059] 26 types of boxes

[0060] 3 Rotary Tiller

[0061] 4. Pressing device Detailed Implementation

[0062] The structural and working principles of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0063] This invention addresses the technical bottlenecks of existing seeding devices, such as clogging, incomplete clearing, poor adaptability, and low operating efficiency under complex soil conditions. It provides a seeder and a method for dynamic migration of soil aggregates and efficient series anti-clogging directional seeding device 2 installed on the seeder. The device constructs a series composite anti-clogging mechanism through the synergistic effect of spiral soil guiding and reciprocating soil scraping, realizing continuous dredging and forced clearing of the soil in the seeding port area, significantly improving the anti-clogging ability and adaptability to all working conditions during the seeding process.

[0064] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a seeder according to an embodiment of the present invention. The seeder of the present invention includes a frame 1 and an anti-clogging directional seed metering device 2, a rotary tillage device 3, and a compaction device 4 mounted on the frame 1. The anti-clogging directional seed metering device 2 is located in front of the compaction device 4 and behind the rotary tillage device 3. The frame 1 can be connected to a tractor or other traction machine. The composition, structure, relative positions, connections, and functions of other parts of the seeder can all adopt mature existing technologies, so they will not be described in detail here. Only the anti-clogging directional seed metering device 2 of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0065] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-blocking directional seeding device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is an axonometric view of an anti-clogging directional seed metering device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The anti-clogging directional seed metering device 2 of the present invention includes: a base 21, mounted on the frame 1 of a seeder; a seed metering device 22, mounted on the base 21 via a seed metering housing 221; a seed guiding and furrowing mechanism 25, mounted directly below the seed metering device 22, used to achieve precise seed guiding and furrow formation, including a seed guiding plate 251 and a linkage furrow opener 252; and a soil scraping mechanism 24, mounted on the base 21 and corresponding to the seed guiding plate 251. The seed metering shaft 222 of the seed metering device 22 is connected to the soil scraping mechanism 24, driving the soil scraping mechanism 24 to scrape away the adhesive soil on the surface of the seed guiding plate 251 and the seed metering port area of ​​the seed metering device 22 through high-frequency linear reciprocating motion, thereby achieving periodic forced unclogging.

[0066] See Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the soil guiding mechanism 23 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the soil guiding mechanism 23 is also included, which is disposed on the base 21 corresponding to the soil scraping mechanism 24. The soil guiding mechanism 23 includes a spiral conveying soil guide 234 and a soil guiding transmission component. The spiral conveying soil guide 234 is installed on the base 21. The soil guiding transmission component is connected to the seed metering shaft 222 and the spiral conveying soil guide 234 respectively, driving the spiral conveying soil guide 234 to rotate continuously to dynamically migrate and guide the soil around the seed metering port of the seed metering device 22, so as to prevent soil agglomeration and accumulation.

[0067] The soil guiding transmission component in this embodiment includes a first gear disk 231, a second gear disk 233, and a transmission chain 232. The first gear disk 231 is connected to the seeding shaft 222 to synchronously obtain power. The spiral conveyor soil guide 234 is mounted on the base 21 via bearings. The second gear disk 233 is coaxially connected to the spiral conveyor soil guide 234. The second gear disk 233 is connected to the first gear disk 231 via the transmission chain 232 to obtain constant rotational power, driving the spiral conveyor soil guide 234 to rotate at high speed and stably. The outer edge of the spiral blades of the spiral conveyor soil guide 234 is close to the outer edge of the soil discharge of the seed guiding trenching mechanism 25.

[0068] See Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a soil-scraping mechanism 24 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The soil-scraping mechanism 24 of this embodiment includes a soil-scraping crank 241, a soil-scraping connecting rod 242, a soil-scraping plate 243, and a sliding plate connector 244. The soil-scraping crank 241 is connected to the seed-discharging shaft 222 and is used to convert the rotational motion of the seed-discharging shaft 222 into planar reciprocating motion. One end of the soil-scraping connecting rod 242 is hinged to the eccentric pin of the soil-scraping crank 241, and the other end is hinged to the sliding plate connector 244. The sliding plate connector 244 is connected to the soil-scraping plate 243 and is used to constrain the planar motion transmitted by the soil-scraping connecting rod 242 into a directional linear reciprocating motion along the surface of the seed guide plate 251. The scraper blade 243 is provided with a straight groove that is adapted to the sliding plate connector 244, and the front end of the scraper blade 243 is provided with a scraping blade; the sliding plate connector 244 is provided with an elongated hole for adjusting and limiting the reciprocating stroke of the scraper blade 243.

[0069] See Figure 6 , Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the seed guiding and furrowing mechanism 25 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the seed guiding plate 251 is positioned at a set angle directly below the seed outlet of the seed metering device 22 to receive and guide the seeds for precise falling. The surface of the seed guiding plate 251 is polished and has a V-shaped cross-section to facilitate seed collection and directional guidance. The linkage furrow opener 252 is hinged to the lower rear end of the seed guiding plate 251. The cutting edge of the linkage furrow opener 252 is provided with a wear-resistant layer, which is a wear-resistant alloy layer or a surface-hardened layer. The thickness of the wear-resistant layer is set and optimized by establishing a wear life prediction model, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is:

[0070] ;

[0071] Where t is the wear-resistant layer thickness in mm, c is the wear coefficient in mm / km, k is the unit conversion factor, v is the operating speed in km / h, and T is the expected service life in h.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, the anti-clogging directional seed metering device 2 includes: a base 21, which integrates and installs a spiral soil guiding mechanism 23, a reciprocating soil scraping mechanism 24, and a linkage furrow opener 252 on the seeder frame 1 and connects to the seed metering housing 221. The base 21 is positioned below the seed metering disc 223 and above the combined seed guiding and furrow opening mechanism 25, forming the overall anti-clogging and seed guiding structural foundation; the spiral soil guiding mechanism 23, supported by the base 21, is used to transport the seed through the continuous rotation of the spiral conveying soil guide 234. The system dynamically guides and transports soil at the seed outlet, enabling dynamic lateral migration and diversion of the soil around the seed outlet, effectively preventing soil aggregate accumulation. A reciprocating scraping mechanism 24, arranged parallel to the spiral soil guiding mechanism 23 and supported by a base 21, scrapes away adhering soil from the surface of the seed guide plate 251 and at the seed outlet through high-frequency linear reciprocating motion, achieving periodic forced unblocking. A combined seed guiding and furrowing mechanism 25, installed directly below the seed metering device 22, is used for precise seed guidance and furrow formation. The spiral soil guiding mechanism 23 and the reciprocating scraping mechanism 24 can be used selectively, individually or in combination, depending on the actual operating conditions and clogging risk, to achieve optimal anti-clogging effect and energy consumption balance.

[0073] The spiral soil guiding mechanism 23 includes: a first gear disk 231 connected to the seed metering shaft 222 for synchronously acquiring power and transmitting the power of the seed metering device 22 to the soil guiding mechanism 23; a soil guiding shaft fixed bearing fixed to the base 21 to provide rotational support for the soil guiding device shaft and ensure smooth operation; a spiral conveying soil guiding device 234 whose shaft is supported by the soil guiding shaft fixed bearing to achieve high-speed and stable rotation; a second gear disk 233 coaxially connected to the spiral conveying soil guiding device 234 and connected to the seed metering shaft 222 through a transmission chain to obtain constant rotational power from the seed metering device 22 and drive the spiral conveying soil guiding device 234 to perform continuous rotational soil guiding operations; wherein, the outer edge of the spiral blades of the spiral conveying soil guiding device 234 is kept close to the outer edge of the soil discharge of the combined seed guiding and ditching mechanism 25 to optimize the soil migration path and avoid interference, and the soil at the seed metering port is transported to the outside through continuous rotational motion to form a continuous soil dredging process, effectively preventing soil accumulation and blockage.

[0074] The reciprocating scraping mechanism 24 includes: a scraping crank 241, which serves as the power input end of the mechanism and converts rotary input into planar reciprocating motion; a scraping connecting rod 242, one end of which is hinged to the eccentric pin of the scraping crank 241, and the other end of which is hinged to the slide plate connector 244, together forming a crank-rocker transmission mechanism to convert rotary motion into planar motion along a specific trajectory; and a slide plate connector 244, which forms a sliding pair with the linear groove provided on the scraping blade 243, for precisely transmitting the planar motion transmitted by the scraping connecting rod 242. The constraint is a directional linear reciprocating motion along the surface of the seed guide plate 251 in the vertical direction; the scraper plate 243 moves in conjunction with the sliding plate connector 244 through the fixing bolt to achieve linkage. Its specially designed scraping edge at the front end acts on the seed outlet and the area of ​​the seed guide plate 251, and forcibly scrapes away the soil adhering to the surface of the seed outlet and the seed guide plate 251 through the up and down reciprocating motion, so as to achieve efficient and thorough unblocking; the fixing bolt passes through the elongated hole on the sliding plate connector 244 and is fixedly connected to the scraper plate 243, which is used to adjust and limit the reciprocating stroke of the scraper plate 243.

[0075] The combined seed-guiding and furrowing mechanism 25 includes: a seed-guiding plate 251, which is inclined at a certain angle and positioned directly below the seed outlet to receive seeds falling from the seed outlet and guide them to fall precisely into the seed furrow, ensuring the directionality and concentration of the seed flow; its surface is smooth and polished, and its cross-section has a V-shaped structure, which is conducive to seed collection and directional guidance; a linkage furrow opener 252, which is hinged to the lower rear of the seed-guiding plate 251, can complete stable furrow opening as it moves forward with the seeder, and can open regular seed furrows and guide seeds to fall precisely into the bottom of the furrow; its cutting edge is inlaid with a wear-resistant alloy material layer or is surface hardened, and its wear-resistant treatment ensures a service life for long-term operation, significantly improving wear resistance and operational stability.

[0076] The anti-blocking directional seeding method of the present invention, used in the above-mentioned anti-blocking directional seeding device 2, includes the following steps:

[0077] In the step of digging planting trenches, the seeder starts working, and the seed guiding trenching mechanism 25 moves forward with the seeder, driving the linkage trench opener 252 to complete the trenching operation.

[0078] The seed metering process begins when the seeds enter the seed metering device 22 from the seed box 26. The seed metering device 22 then begins metering the seeds.

[0079] In the soil scraping step, the rotational power of the seed metering shaft 222 is converted into high-frequency reciprocating motion of the soil scraping mechanism 24, which drives the scraper blade 243 to reciprocate linearly along the surface of the seed guide plate 251, scraping away the adhering soil on the surface of the seed guide plate 251 and in the seed outlet area of ​​the seed metering device 22, thus completing forced unblocking; and

[0080] The precise guidance process ensures that the seeds fall precisely when the seed outlet is unobstructed. The seed guide plate 251 collects and guides the seeds, ensuring that the seeds enter the seed furrow opened by the linkage furrow opener 252 with a stable posture and a predetermined trajectory.

[0081] This embodiment may also include:

[0082] In the soil guiding step, the seed discharge shaft 222 drives the soil guiding mechanism 23 to drive the spiral conveyor soil guide 234 to rotate continuously at high speed, continuously moving and dynamically guiding the soil at the seed discharge port to prevent soil agglomerates from accumulating. In conjunction with the soil scraping mechanism 24, the surface of the seed guide plate 251 and the edge area of ​​the seed discharge port are scraped back and forth to thoroughly remove the adhering soil.

[0083] The soil guiding efficiency of the spiral conveyor soil guide 234 is:

[0084] ;

[0085] Where Qs is the hourly soil conveying capacity, in m³ / h; D is the outer diameter of the spiral blade of the spiral conveyor 234, in m; d is the diameter of the spiral shaft of the spiral conveyor 234, in m; φ is the soil filling coefficient; and η is the conveying efficiency coefficient.

[0086] In one embodiment of the present invention, the anti-blocking directional seeding method specifically includes:

[0087] Step S100: The seeder starts working. The combined seed guiding and furrowing mechanism 25 moves forward with the seeder, driving the linkage furrow opener 252 to complete the furrow opening operation.

[0088] To ensure stable trenching performance and geometry under complex soil conditions, the cutting edge is coated with a wear-resistant alloy layer or surface hardening treatment. A wear life prediction model is established to set and optimize the thickness of the wear-resistant layer. This model comprehensively considers factors such as soil abrasive characteristics, operating speed, and expected service life to ensure stable trenching performance throughout the cutting edge's entire lifespan.

[0089] The thickness of the wear-resistant layer on the cutting edge is set using a wear model. The thickness t of the wear-resistant layer on the cutting edge of the linkage trencher 252 satisfies:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, t is the thickness of the wear-resistant layer in mm; c is the wear coefficient, which is the thickness of the wear-resistant layer worn away for every kilometer the equipment runs, in mm / km. For operation in common loam soils, the preferred empirical value range for this wear coefficient c is 0.02~0.1 mm / km; k is the unit conversion factor, preferably 1 here; v is the operating speed in km / h; and T is the expected service life in hours.

[0092] In step S200, the rotational power of the seeding shaft 222 is distributed to the spiral soil guiding mechanism 23 and the reciprocating soil scraping mechanism 24 through the transmission components. The power is then transmitted to the second gear disk 233 through chain transmission, which drives the spiral conveying soil guide 234 in the spiral soil guiding mechanism 23 to rotate continuously, and the soil guiding work begins. The soil scraping crank 241 and the soil scraping connecting rod 242 in the crank-slider transmission drive the slide plate connector 244 to achieve reciprocating motion, converting the rotational motion into the linear reciprocating motion of the soil scraping plate 243, and the soil scraping work begins.

[0093] The power distribution relationship is as follows:

[0094] ;

[0095] In the formula, Pt is the total input power of the seeding shaft 222, in W; Ph is the power consumed by the spiral soil guiding device, in W; Pr is the power consumed by the reciprocating soil scraping device, in W; and Pl is the power loss in the transmission system, in W.

[0096] In step S300, the spiral soil guiding mechanism 23 is started, the second gear disk 233 is connected to the first gear disk 231 through the transmission chain 232, and the spiral conveying soil guide 234 rotates continuously. Through the axial conveying action of the soil aggregate, the soil at the seed outlet is conveyed to the outside, realizing dynamic soil loosening and active anti-blocking in the seed outlet area.

[0097] Its rotational speed is determined by the gear ratio, and the relationship is as follows:

[0098] ;

[0099] In the formula, i is the transmission ratio; nh is the rotational speed of the screw conveyor soil guide 234 in r / s; ns is the rotational speed of the seed metering shaft 222 in r / s; zs is the number of teeth on the first gear disk 231; and zh is the number of teeth on the second gear disk 233.

[0100] The torque Th and power Ph required to drive the screw conveyor soil guide 234 are:

[0101]

[0102] ;

[0103] In the formula, L is the effective length of the spiral conveyor soil guide 234 in operation, in mm; Angular velocity of the screw conveyor soil guide 234, in rad / s; ρ is the shear stress of the helical blade, in Pa; μ is the coefficient of friction; D is the outer diameter of the helical blade, in mm.

[0104] The soil guiding efficiency of the spiral conveyor soil guide 234, i.e., the amount of soil transported per unit time, is:

[0105] ;

[0106] In the formula, Qs is the hourly soil carrying capacity, in m³ / h; D is the outer diameter of the helical blade, in m; d is the diameter of the helical shaft, in m; φ is the soil filling coefficient, preferably 0.3-0.5; and η is the conveying efficiency coefficient, preferably 0.7-0.9.

[0107] In step S400, the scraper 243 of the reciprocating scraper mechanism 24 is driven by the crank-connecting rod mechanism. The rotational motion is converted into high-frequency linear reciprocating motion of the scraper 243 through the crank-connecting rod-slider. The scraper 243 moves linearly along the surface of the seed guide plate 251 to scrape off the adhering soil, complete the forced clearing, and realize the forced scraping and cleaning of the soil on the surface of the seed guide plate 251 and the edge area of ​​the seed outlet.

[0108] Among them, the reciprocating stroke S of the scraper blade 243 satisfies:

[0109] ;

[0110] In the formula, H is the vertical height of the seed guide plate 251, and Δh is the unblocking allowance, which can be taken as 5~10 mm;

[0111] In the reciprocating scraping mechanism 24, the reciprocating frequency of the scraping blade 243 is directly proportional to the rotational speed of the seed metering shaft 222:

[0112] ;

[0113] In the formula, f r The reciprocating frequency of the scraper blade is 243 Hz; r n is the transmission ratio of the soil scraping device; s The rotational speed of the seed metering shaft 222 is expressed in r / s.

[0114] In step S500, the seeds fall precisely under the condition that the seed outlet is kept unobstructed after being guided. The seed guide plate 251 with a specific tilt angle and V-shaped flow guiding structure realizes flow collection and directional guidance, ensuring that the seeds are introduced into the seed furrow opened by the combined seed guide furrow opener in a stable posture and with a predetermined trajectory, thus completing the precise sowing.

[0115] The inclination angle α of the seed guide plate 251 satisfies:

[0116] ;

[0117] In the formula, μs is the friction coefficient between the seed and the seed guide plate 251; Δμs is the adjustment amount, which can be taken as 0.1~0.2.

[0118] During operation, the spiral soil guiding mechanism 23 achieves continuous lateral migration and dynamic guidance of soil aggregates through high-speed rotation, effectively preventing structural blockage. The reciprocating soil scraping mechanism 24 mechanically scrapes the surface of the seed guide plate 251 and the edge area of ​​the seed outlet with high-frequency reciprocating motion, thoroughly removing adhering soil. The spiral soil guiding and reciprocating soil scraping dual modes can be selected to work individually or in combination according to soil moisture, viscosity and other conditions, achieving adaptive anti-blocking, significantly improving seed outlet smoothness and sowing uniformity, and reducing the missed sowing rate. When the two work together, they cooperate in temporal and spatial movements to form a series of efficient anti-blocking systems, significantly enhancing the system's adaptability and anti-blocking reliability under different agronomic conditions, fundamentally improving seed outlet smoothness, sowing uniformity and operational efficiency, and greatly reducing the risk of missed sowing and reseeding.

[0119] In the seeding process, the spiral soil guiding mechanism 23 generates strong axial soil transport capacity through its high-speed rotating spiral blades, achieving dynamic lateral migration and continuous dredging of soil aggregates around the seeding port. This effectively disrupts the conditions for structural soil blockage and avoids blockage caused by local soil accumulation. The reciprocating scraping mechanism 24 mechanically scrapes the surface of the seed guiding plate 251 and key areas of the seeding port through high-frequency linear reciprocating motion, achieving periodic forced scraping and cleaning of adhering soil, thoroughly removing adhering soil and residual blockages, and significantly enhancing the clearing capacity and anti-adhesion performance of the seeding port area. The combined seed guiding and furrowing mechanism 25 precisely guides the seeds to fall in a specific direction and simultaneously completes the excavation of the planting furrow, ensuring the quality of seeding holes. The seed flow is guided directionally by the optimized seed guiding plate 251 and is ultimately accurately placed into the high-quality seed furrow formed by the wear-resistant furrow opener. The two anti-blocking modes work together to form an efficient series anti-blocking system, significantly improving the smoothness of the seeding operation and the straightness of sowing, effectively reducing the missed sowing rate, and achieving high-precision sowing.

[0120] This invention utilizes a dual-mode synergistic effect of spiral soil guiding and reciprocating soil scraping to construct a series-connected, highly efficient anti-clogging mechanism. This effectively solves the problems of seed outlet blockage, incomplete clearing, and poor adaptability that easily occur when existing seed metering devices 22 operate under complex soil conditions. It also significantly improves sowing accuracy, seedling uniformity, and operational efficiency. It is widely applicable to precision sowing of small- and medium-sized seeds for root and tuber crops such as radishes and carrots, as well as vegetables, grains, flowers, and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. It is especially suitable for sowing scenarios under high-speed, high-precision, and heavy clay soil conditions, and features reliable anti-clogging, accurate sowing, and strong adaptability.

[0121] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A non-clogging directional seed metering device, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a seed sowing device with soil scraping and soil guiding functions, comprising: a base mounted on a frame of a seeding machine; a seed sowing device mounted on the base through a seed sowing housing; a seed guiding and furrowing mechanism mounted directly below the seed sowing device for precise directional guiding and seed furrow forming, comprising a seed guiding plate and a linkage furrow opener; and a soil scraping mechanism mounted on the base and corresponding to the seed guiding plate, the seed sowing shaft of the seed sowing device being connected to the soil scraping mechanism to drive the soil scraping mechanism to scrape the adhered soil on the surface of the seed guiding plate and the seed sowing port area of the seed sowing device through high-frequency linear reciprocating motion, thereby achieving periodic forced unblocking.

2. The anti-clogging directional seed metering device of claim 1, wherein, The utility model also comprises a soil guiding mechanism corresponding to the soil scraping mechanism and mounted on the base, the soil guiding mechanism comprising a spiral conveying type soil guiding device and a soil guiding transmission component, the spiral conveying type soil guiding device being mounted on the base, and the soil guiding transmission component being connected to the seed sowing shaft and the spiral conveying type soil guiding device respectively to drive the spiral conveying type soil guiding device to rotate continuously to dynamically migrate and guide the soil around the seed sowing port of the seed sowing device, thereby preventing the accumulation of soil aggregates.

3. The anti-clogging directional seed metering device of claim 2, wherein, The soil guiding transmission component comprises a first gear plate, a second gear plate and a transmission chain, the first gear plate being connected to the seed sowing shaft to obtain power synchronously; the spiral conveying type soil guiding device is mounted on the base through a bearing, the second gear plate being coaxially connected to the spiral conveying type soil guiding device, and the second gear plate being connected to the first gear plate through the transmission chain to obtain constant rotary power and drive the spiral conveying type soil guiding device to rotate at high speed stably; the outer edge of the spiral blade of the spiral conveying type soil guiding device is close to the soil discharging outer edge of the seed guiding and furrowing mechanism.

4. The anti-clogging directional seed metering device of claim 1, wherein, The soil scraping mechanism comprises a soil scraping crank, a soil scraping connecting rod, a soil scraping plate and a sliding plate connecting piece, the soil scraping crank being connected to the seed sowing shaft to convert the rotary motion of the seed sowing shaft into planar reciprocating motion; one end of the soil scraping connecting rod is hingedly connected to the eccentric pin shaft of the soil scraping crank, and the other end is hingedly connected to the sliding plate connecting piece; the sliding plate connecting piece is connected to the soil scraping plate to constrain the planar motion transmitted by the soil scraping connecting rod into directional linear reciprocating motion along the surface of the seed guiding plate.

5. The anti-clogging directional seed metering device of claim 4, wherein, The soil scraping plate is provided with a linear sliding groove adapted to the sliding plate connecting piece, and the front end of the soil scraping plate is provided with a soil scraping edge; the sliding plate connecting piece is provided with a long waist-shaped hole for adjusting and limiting the reciprocating stroke of the soil scraping plate.

6. The anti-clogging directional seed metering device of claim 1, wherein, The seed guiding plate is arranged at a set angle below the seed sowing port of the seed sowing device to receive and guide the accurate falling of seeds; the surface of the seed guiding plate is polished and the cross section is in V-shaped structure to facilitate the collection and directional guiding of seeds; the linkage furrow opener is hingedly connected behind the lower end of the seed guiding plate, and the edge of the linkage furrow opener is provided with a wear-resistant layer, which is a wear-resistant alloy layer or a surface quenching treatment layer.

7. The anti-clogging directional seed metering device of claim 6, wherein, The thickness of the wear-resistant layer is set and optimized by establishing a wear life prediction model, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is: ； where t is the thickness of the wear-resistant layer in mm, c is the wear coefficient in mm / km, k is the unit conversion coefficient, v is the working speed in km / h, and T is the expected service life in h.

8. A method of anti-clogging directional seed placement, characterized in that, The anti-blocking directional seed sowing device of any one of claims 1-7 comprises: a planting trench opening step, in which the seed guiding and trench opening mechanism drives the linkage trench opener to complete the trench opening operation as the seeding machine advances; a seed sowing step, in which the seeds in the seed tank enter the seed sower, and the seed sower starts to sow seeds; a soil scraping step, in which the rotating power of the seed sowing shaft is converted into high-frequency reciprocating motion of the soil scraping mechanism, which drives the soil scraping plate to move linearly along the surface of the seed guiding plate, scrapes the adhered soil on the surface of the seed guiding plate and the seed sowing port area of the seed sower, and completes the forced unblocking; and a precise directional guiding step, in which the seeds are precisely dropped in a continuously unblocked state of the seed sowing port, are collected and directionally guided by the seed guiding plate, and are ensured to enter the seed trench opened by the linkage trench opener in a stable posture and a predetermined trajectory.

9. The anti-blocking directional seed metering method of claim 8, wherein, Further comprising: a soil guiding step, in which the seed sowing shaft drives the soil guiding mechanism to drive the spiral conveying soil guide to continuously rotate at high speed, continuously migrates and dynamically dredges the soil at the seed sowing port laterally to prevent the accumulation of soil aggregates, and cooperates with the soil scraping mechanism to reciprocally scrape the surface of the seed guiding plate and the edge area of the seed sowing port to completely remove the adhered soil; the soil guiding efficiency of the spiral conveying soil guide is: ； wherein Qs is the hourly soil guiding amount, in units of m³ / h; D is the outer diameter of the spiral blade of the spiral conveying soil guide, in units of m; d is the diameter of the spiral shaft of the spiral conveying soil guide, in units of m; φ is the soil filling coefficient; and η is the conveying efficiency coefficient.

10. A planter characterized by, The anti-blocking directional seed sowing device of any one of claims 1-7.

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