A multi-crop compatible air suction seed metering device of a self-adaptive adjusting seed cleaning device

Abstract

The application relates to a multi-crop compatible air suction type seed sowing device with an adaptive adjusting seed cleaning device. The multi-crop compatible air suction type seed sowing device with the adaptive adjusting seed cleaning device comprises a seed sowing device shell, a seed box is arranged on the front side of the seed sowing device shell, a seed cleaning mechanism is arranged on the side, a negative pressure air chamber for providing negative pressure for the air suction type seed sowing device and a belt transmission mechanism for providing power input for the seed sowing device are arranged on the rear side of the seed sowing device shell, a seed dropping port is arranged below the seed sowing device shell, and a pair of matrix optical fiber sensors are arranged at the seed dropping port to detect the seed dropping condition. The device can reduce the labor and material resources input of farmers during the sowing operation process, the seed sowing device can detect the sowing effect and working condition change in real time, the position of the seed cleaning device can be adjusted in real time, three seed cleaning devices can be adjusted according to different seed categories in different proportions, the seed cleaning curve of different seeds can be adapted, the single grain rate of the sowing operation can be improved, the seed loss during the sowing process can be reduced, the uniformity of sowing can be ensured, and the sowing efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of seeding equipment technology, and in particular to a multi-crop air suction seed metering device with an adaptive adjusting seed cleaning device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most seed metering devices are designed for single seeds, each suitable only for a single type of seed. Farmers need to purchase multiple types of seed metering devices to sow various crops, incurring significant material costs. Furthermore, current seed metering devices often have a fixed cleaning mechanism on the casing or a manually adjustable mechanical structure. However, the metering speed, air pressure, and vibration amplitude all affect the cleaning effect. Traditional cleaning devices rely on fixed parameters, making it difficult to adapt to dynamic changes in seed characteristics and field environment. When the single-seed rate fails to meet requirements, large-scale reseeding or missed sowing occurs, requiring substantial time, manpower, and material costs for remedial measures, potentially impacting crop growth cycles and yields. Existing adjustable cleaning mechanisms can only simultaneously increase or decrease the cleaning intensity of multiple cleaning devices. However, different seeds require different cleaning curves, and each cleaning mechanism has a different adjustment ratio, significantly reducing the cleaning effect.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multi-crop air-suction seed metering device that is highly adaptable and reduces the input of manpower and material resources for adaptive adjustment seed cleaning devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address or partially address the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides a multi-crop pneumatic seed metering device with an adaptive adjustable seed cleaning device. This device reduces farmers' investment of manpower and material resources in the sowing process. It can be adapted to sowing operations of small-diameter seeds such as corn, soybeans, rice, and wheat simply by changing different seed metering discs. The seed metering device detects changes in seed metering effect and working conditions in real time and adjusts the position of the seed cleaning device accordingly. The three seed cleaning devices can be adjusted in different proportions according to the seed type to adapt to the seed cleaning curve of different seeds, improve the single-seed rate of sowing operations, reduce seed loss during the seed metering process, ensure sowing uniformity, and achieve high seed metering efficiency.

[0005] This application provides an adaptive adjustment seed cleaning device for multiple crops, a pneumatic seed metering device, including a seed metering device housing 2, a seed box 3 installed on the front side of the seed metering device housing 2, a seed cleaning mechanism 1 installed on the side, a negative pressure air chamber 4 for providing negative pressure to the pneumatic seed metering device and a belt drive mechanism 5 for providing power input to the seed metering device installed on the rear side of the seed metering device housing 2, a seed inlet 22 provided below the seed metering device housing 2, and a through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor 21 installed at the seed inlet 22 to detect seed falling.

[0006] The seed metering device housing 2 includes:

[0007] The front shell 29 and the rear shell 28 form the seed dispensing cavity;

[0008] The seed metering disc 25 is installed inside the seed metering chamber and is driven to rotate by the belt drive mechanism 5.

[0009] The seed dispensing chamber is divided into: a seed filling area 71 corresponding to the seed box 3, a self-weight seed cleaning area 72 corresponding to the negative pressure air chamber 4, a seed cleaning area 73 corresponding to the seed cleaning mechanism 1, and a seed dispensing area 74 corresponding to the seed dispensing port 22.

[0010] The front housing 29 has a seed inlet 26 corresponding to the seed box 3 outlet corresponding to the seed feeding area 74. A partition 210 is provided between the seed inlet 26 and the seed feeding port 22. Seed suction holes 24 corresponding to the seed inlet 26 are evenly arranged around the seed metering tray 25. The rear housing 28 has a seed metering air chamber 211 spanning the seed filling area 71, the self-weight seed cleaning area 72, and the seed cleaning area 73. The seed metering air chamber 211 is connected to the negative pressure air chamber 4.

[0011] Optionally, in some embodiments, a pressure balancing hole 27 is provided on the front housing 29 corresponding to the seeding area 74.

[0012] Optionally, in some embodiments, the seed cleaning mechanism 1 includes:

[0013] The central control room 13 is equipped with an STM32 control board 14 and a fuzzy controller 15.

[0014] Seed cleaning chamber 12, which is connected to the seed discharge chamber;

[0015] The seed cleaning mechanism cover plate 11 is installed on the seed cleaning chamber 12.

[0016] The seed cleaning chamber 12 is equipped with a stepper motor 101. The stepper motor 101 is connected to a driving worm gear 102 via its drive shaft. A left driven worm gear 103 and a right driven worm gear 104 are respectively meshed on both sides of the driving worm gear 102. A left worm wheel 105 is meshed on the other side of the left driven worm gear 103, and a right worm wheel 106 is meshed on the other side of the right driven worm gear 104. The driving worm gear 102, the left driven worm gear 103, the right driven worm gear 104, and the left worm wheel 105 are all connected. Wheel 105 and right worm gear 106 are both rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the seed cleaning chamber 12 via a rotating shaft. The ends of the driving worm 102, left driven worm 103 and right driven worm 104 are all connected to lead screws 107. Ball nuts and nut seats 108 are installed on the lead screws 107. Fixed connecting rods 109 are connected to the ball nuts and nut seats 108. A seed scraping wheel 110 is provided at the end of the fixed connecting rod 109. The seed scraping wheel 110 cooperates with the seed suction hole 24 of the seed cleaning zone 73.

[0017] Optionally, in some embodiments, the active worm gear 102, the left driven worm gear 103, and the right driven worm gear 104 are arranged at a 15° angle. The seed scraping wheel 110 corresponding to the active worm gear 102 moves only inside the base circle where the seed suction hole 24 is located, and is responsible for cleaning overcharged seeds below the seed suction hole 24. The seed scraping wheels 110 corresponding to the left driven worm gear 103 and the right driven worm gear 104 move only outside the base circle where the seed suction hole 24 is located, and are responsible for cleaning overcharged seeds above the seed suction hole 24. The seed feeding area 74 is provided with a baffle 23, which is fixedly installed on the front housing 29, and its two ends are respectively arranged on the lower side of the seed scraping wheel 110 and in the seed feeding area 71. The baffle 23 blocks the excess seeds that are removed and guides them back to the seed feeding area 71 for re-filling.

[0018] Optionally, in some embodiments, the seed box 3 is provided with a seed box cover 31, and the seed metering device housing 2 is provided with a quick-release buckle 32. The seed box 3 is detachably installed on the front side of the seed metering device housing 2 through the quick-release buckle 32.

[0019] Optionally, in some embodiments, the negative pressure air chamber 4 is provided with an air chamber duct 42, and a negative pressure interface 41 is provided on one side of the negative pressure air chamber 4 to connect the air chamber duct 42 and the air supply source. The air chamber duct 42 and the seed metering air chamber 211 are connected through a negative pressure opening 43.

[0020] Optionally, in some embodiments, the belt drive mechanism 5 includes a drive wheel 51 connected to the drive structure and a driven wheel 52 connected to the drive wheel 51 via a belt 53. The driven wheel 52 drives the seed metering disc 25 to rotate via a connecting shaft, and an encoder 54 is provided on the connecting shaft.

[0021] Optionally, in some embodiments, a seed metering disc gear 81 is fixedly provided at the center of the seed metering disc 25. The teeth of the seed metering disc gear 81 are provided on the end face near the front housing 29 and are meshed with a seed stirring rod gear 82. A seed stirring rod 84 is fixedly nested in the middle of the seed stirring rod gear 82. One end of the seed stirring rod 84 extends to the seed filling area 71, and the other end and the middle are rotatably fitted with a fixing seat 83. The fixing seat 83 is fixedly connected to the front housing 29. The seed stirring rod 84 rotates as the seed metering disc 25 rotates.

[0022] Optionally, in some embodiments, the seed metering device housing 2 is provided with a left ear plate 61 and a right ear plate 62 on both sides, and the seed metering device housing 2 is fixed to the seeding implement by the left ear plate 61 and the right ear plate 62.

[0023] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This application reduces farmers' investment of manpower and material resources in the sowing process. It only requires changing the seed metering discs to adapt to sowing operations for small-diameter seeds such as corn, soybeans, rice, and wheat. It features real-time monitoring of the seed metering device's cleaning effect, controlling the cleaning device to make accurate and timely responses, and incorporates a pre-response mechanism for the seed metering disc's rotation speed. This ensures precise adjustment and fast response. A three-cylinder cleaning device is used to clean seeds for different overcharge phenomena. Different cleaning ratios can be used depending on the type of seed, resulting in greater adaptability and better cleaning effect. Seeds are adsorbed onto the suction hole by air pressure and undergo dual cleaning through the seed's own weight cleaning zone and the cleaning device's cleaning zone, ensuring accurate seed metering, improving the single-seed rate of sowing operations, reducing seed loss during metering, ensuring sowing uniformity, and achieving high metering efficiency.

[0025] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-crop air suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjustment seed cleaning device shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the multi-crop air suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjustment seed cleaning device shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the seed cleaning mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the seed cleaning mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the belt drive mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the negative pressure air chamber shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the seeding chamber partition structure shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the multi-crop air-suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjustment seed cleaning device shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0035] Figure label:

[0036] 1. Seed cleaning mechanism; 11. Seed cleaning mechanism cover plate; 12. Seed cleaning chamber; 13. Central control room; 14. STM32 control board; 15. Fuzzy controller;

[0037] 101. Stepper motor; 102. Driving worm gear; 103. Left driven worm gear; 104. Right driven worm gear; 105. Left worm wheel; 106. Right worm wheel; 107. Lead screw; 108. Ball nut and nut seat; 109. Fixed connecting rod; 110. Seed scraper wheel;

[0038] 2. Seed metering device housing; 21. Through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor; 22. Seed inlet; 23. Baffle; 24. Seed suction hole; 25. Seed metering disc; 26. Seed inlet; 27. Balancing air pressure hole; 28. Rear housing; 29. ​​Front housing; 210. Partition plate; 211. Seed metering device air chamber;

[0039] 3. Seed box; 31. Seed box cover; 32. Quick-release fastener;

[0040] 4. Negative pressure chamber; 41. Negative pressure interface; 42. Chamber air duct; 43. Negative pressure opening;

[0041] 5. Belt drive mechanism; 51. Driving pulley; 52. Driven pulley; 53. Belt; 54. Encoder;

[0042] 61. Left ear plate; 62. Right ear plate;

[0043] 71. Seeding area; 72. Self-weight seed cleaning area; 73. Seed cleaning area; 74. Seed placement area;

[0044] 81. Seed metering disc gear; 82. Seed stirring rod gear; 83. Fixing base; 84. Seed stirring rod. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0046] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0047] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a multi-crop pneumatic seed metering device with an adaptive adjustable seed cleaning mechanism. This device reduces farmers' investment of manpower and resources in the sowing process. It can be adapted to sowing small-diameter seeds such as corn, soybeans, rice, and wheat simply by changing the seed metering discs. The seed metering device monitors the seed metering effect and changes in working conditions in real time, and adjusts the position of the seed cleaning device accordingly. The three seed cleaning devices can be adjusted in different proportions according to the seed type to adapt to the seed cleaning curves of different seeds, improve the single-seed rate of sowing, reduce seed loss during the seed metering process, ensure sowing uniformity, and achieve high seed metering efficiency.

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] The adaptive adjustment seed cleaning device for multiple crops includes a seed metering housing 2, a seed box 3 installed on the front side of the seed metering housing 2, a seed cleaning mechanism 1 installed on the side, a negative pressure air chamber 4 for providing negative pressure to the air suction seed metering device and a belt drive mechanism 5 for providing power input to the seed metering device installed on the rear side of the seed metering housing 2, and a seed inlet 22 provided below the seed metering housing 2. A through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor 21 is installed at the seed inlet 22 to detect seed falling.

[0051] The seed metering device housing 2 includes:

[0052] The front shell 29 and the rear shell 28 form the seed dispensing cavity;

[0053] The seed metering disc 25 is installed inside the seed metering chamber and is driven to rotate by the belt drive mechanism 5.

[0054] The seed dispensing chamber is divided into: a seed filling area 71 corresponding to the seed box 3, a self-weight seed cleaning area 72 corresponding to the negative pressure air chamber 4, a seed cleaning area 73 corresponding to the seed cleaning mechanism 1, and a seed dispensing area 74 corresponding to the seed dispensing port 22.

[0055] The front housing 29 has a seed inlet 26 corresponding to the seed box 3 outlet corresponding to the seed feeding area 74. A partition 210 is provided between the seed inlet 26 and the seed feeding port 22. Seed suction holes 24 corresponding to the seed inlet 26 are evenly arranged around the seed metering tray 25. The rear housing 28 has a seed metering air chamber 211 spanning the seed filling area 71, the self-weight seed cleaning area 72, and the seed cleaning area 73. The seed metering air chamber 211 is connected to the negative pressure air chamber 4.

[0056] During operation, a through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor 21 is installed at the seed inlet 22. Currently, most sensors on the market that detect the single-seed rate of seed metering devices are through-beam infrared sensors. When a seed falls past the sensor, a pulse signal is generated. By judging the difference between the interval of the pulse signal and the standard value, if the interval is short, it is judged as a reseeding; if the interval is long, it is judged as a missed seeding. The through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor 21 used in this invention judges the seeding status by the number of optical fibers blocked by the seed. When two seeds fall at the same time, the number of optical fibers blocked by the two seeds is greater than the standard value. The main control device STM32 in the control room judges the reseeding status of the seed metering device through the fiber voltage information, avoiding the sensor from missing the detection when two seeds fall at the same time. At the same time, it ensures the accurate judgment of reseeding and missed seeding based on the seed falling time interval. The rear shell 28 and the front shell 29 are designed with sealing rings to ensure the airtightness of the device and prevent dust from entering.

[0057] In some embodiments, a pressure balancing hole 27 is provided on the front housing 29 corresponding to the seeding area 74.

[0058] During operation, a self-weight seed cleaning zone 72 is added before the seed cleaning zone 73 of the seed cleaning device for secondary seed cleaning, which better ensures the single-seed rate of the seed metering device. The pressure balancing hole 27 ensures that the air pressure in the seed feeding zone 74 is atmospheric pressure, so that the seeds can be fed smoothly.

[0059] In some embodiments, the seed cleaning mechanism 1 includes:

[0060] The central control room 13 is equipped with an STM32 control board 14 and a fuzzy controller 15.

[0061] Seed cleaning chamber 12, which is connected to the seed discharge chamber;

[0062] The seed cleaning mechanism cover plate 11 is installed on the seed cleaning chamber 12.

[0063] The seed cleaning chamber 12 is equipped with a three-cylinder seed cleaning mechanism, which includes a stepper motor 101. The stepper motor 101 is connected to a driving worm gear 102 via its drive shaft. A left driven worm gear 103 and a right driven worm gear 104 are respectively meshed on both sides of the driving worm gear 102. A left worm wheel 105 is meshed on the other side of the left driven worm gear 103, and a right worm wheel 106 is meshed on the other side of the right driven worm gear 104. The driving worm gear 102, the left driven worm gear 103, and the right driven worm gear 104 are all connected to the driving worm gear 102, the left driven worm gear 103, and the right driven worm gear 104. Worm 104, left worm gear 105, and right worm gear 106 are all rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the seed cleaning chamber 12 via a rotating shaft. The ends of the driving worm 102, left driven worm 103, and right driven worm 104 are all connected to lead screws 107. Ball nuts and nut seats 108 are installed on the lead screws 107. Fixed connecting rods 109 are connected to the ball nuts and nut seats 108. A seed scraping wheel 110 is provided at the end of the fixed connecting rod 109. The seed scraping wheel 110 cooperates with the seed suction hole 24 of the seed cleaning zone 73.

[0064] The active worm gear 102, the left driven worm gear 103, and the right driven worm gear 104 are arranged at a 15° angle. The seed scraping wheel 110 corresponding to the active worm gear 102 moves only inside the base circle where the seed suction hole 24 is located, and is responsible for cleaning overcharged seeds below the seed suction hole 24. The seed scraping wheels 110 corresponding to the left driven worm gear 103 and the right driven worm gear 104 move only outside the base circle where the seed suction hole 24 is located, and are responsible for cleaning overcharged seeds above the seed suction hole 24. A baffle 23 is provided in the seed feeding area 74. The baffle 23 is fixedly installed on the front housing 29, and its two ends are respectively arranged on the lower side of the seed scraping wheel 110 and in the seed filling area 71. The baffle 23 blocks the excess seeds that are removed and guides them back to the seed filling area 71 for re-filling.

[0065] During operation, the seed cleaning mechanism 1 contacts the seed metering disc 25 and is covered by the seed cleaning cover plate 11 to ensure the airtightness of the air suction seed meterer. The three-cylinder seed cleaning mechanism is driven by a stepper motor 101 with an encoder, which drives the active worm gear 102 to rotate through the motor transmission device. A lead screw 107 is installed below the worm gear, and a ball nut and nut seat 108 are installed on the lead screw 107. Due to the restriction of the seed cleaning cover plate 11, the ball nut and nut seat 108 can only move horizontally back and forth on the lead screw 107, converting the rotational motion of the stepper motor 101 into the horizontal motion of the ball nut. A fixed connecting rod 109 is installed on the nut to connect the seed scraping wheel 110, which drives the seed scraping wheel 110 to move back and forth to adjust the different degrees of overlap between the seed cleaning device and the seed suction hole 24.

[0066] The seed cleaning mechanism 1 is driven by a worm gear drive. The stepper motor 101 drives the active worm 102 to rotate, transmitting power to the two worm wheels. The worm wheels then transmit power to the two driven worms to adjust the seed scraping wheel 110. The active worm 102, the left driven worm 103, and the right driven worm 104 are arranged at a 15° angle to accommodate the arc-shaped seed metering disc 25. The two worm wheels and the three worms have the same transmission ratio. When the seed metering device is working, the uneven terrain in the field can cause the seed metering device to vibrate and change the position of the seed cleaning device. Because the worm gear drive generates self-locking when the lead angle of the worm is less than the equivalent friction angle between the meshing tooth surfaces of the worm wheel and the worm, the power can only be transmitted from the worm to the worm wheel. There is a self-locking relationship between the active worm and the two worm wheels in this worm gear drive device. The seed cleaning device can only be adjusted by the rotation of the stepper motor 101 to prevent the position of the seed cleaning mechanism from changing.

[0067] The selected motor is a stepper motor 101, which costs only half the price of a servo motor of the same specification, significantly reducing the cost of the seed metering device and alleviating the burden on farmers. An encoder is added to the stepper motor 101 to achieve closed-loop control, preventing step loss and adjustment errors caused by harsh environments with large amplitude and high dust levels in the field. When the seed metering device is working, the seed metering disc 25 rotates at high speed. When the working conditions change and the seed cleaning mechanism 1 needs to be adjusted, the adjustment and response time requirements of the seed cleaning mechanism 1 are relatively large. A fuzzy controller is installed in the control room 13 below the seed cleaning chamber 12. Through the programmed fuzzy algorithm, fuzzy PID control is provided for the stepper motor, which effectively improves the motor's adaptability to complex environments without increasing costs, actively adapting to changes in environmental parameters to achieve fast response and precise control. During the operation of the seed metering device, the working conditions change in real time due to the rugged and complex environment of the field. These changes include the seed metering device's operating speed, air pressure, amplitude, frequency, and wear of the seed cleaning device. These changes are reflected in the reseeding and missed seeding rates. The main control board sends adjustment commands to the stepper motor 101 based on these changes, driving the seed cleaning mechanism 1 to adjust accordingly. The seed metering device detects the seeding rate per seed every 5 seconds. The main control board analyzes the output information from the through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor 21. Experiments show that the reseeding rate qualification index is 95% and the missed seeding rate qualification index is 96%. Every five seconds, when the main control board detects that the reseeding and missed seeding rates are below the qualification index within 5 seconds, it begins to make corresponding adjustments.

[0068] When the reseeding rate is outside the acceptable range, it indicates that the seed cleaning mechanism 1 occupies too small an area of ​​the seed suction hole and fails to remove the overfilled seeds. In this case, the stepper motor 101 rotates clockwise, driving the seed cleaning device to move in the direction where its overlap with the seed suction hole 24 increases. Conversely, when the missed seeding rate is outside the acceptable range, it indicates that the seed cleaning mechanism 1 occupies too large an area of ​​the seed suction hole, and the seeds normally sucked by the seed suction hole 24 are removed. In this case, the stepper motor 101 rotates counterclockwise, driving the seed cleaning device to move in the direction where its overlap with the seed suction hole 24 decreases. The adjustment mechanism of the seed cleaning mechanism 1 is a "response + judgment" mechanism. When the seed metering device is operating, if the control board detects that the reseeding or missed seeding rate is outside the acceptable range within 5 seconds, the control board starts to respond. Then, based on the reseeding or missed seeding rate in the next five seconds, it accurately judges the adjustment amount. The main control board outputs the precise adjustment amount to the fuzzy controller, which precisely controls the number of steps the stepper motor 101 takes.

[0069] The three seed scraping rollers 110 are responsible for different seed cleaning tasks. Re-seeding occurs in the seed suction holes 24 under three different conditions, each represented by a different scraping roller 110. The right seed cleaning device is responsible for cleaning the upper seed when both types of seeds are simultaneously adsorbed by the seed suction hole 24, with the lower seed occupying a larger area and adsorbing firmly, while the upper seed is an overfilled seed with poor adsorption. The middle seed cleaning device is responsible for cleaning the lower seed when both types of seeds are simultaneously adsorbed by the seed suction hole 24, with the upper seed occupying a larger area and adsorbing firmly, while the lower seed is an overfilled seed with poor adsorption. When the effect is poor, the lower seed cleaning device is responsible for cleaning the upper seed when both types of seeds are simultaneously adsorbed by the seed suction hole, the two types of seeds occupy similar areas, and the seeds have not been cleaned by the first two seed cleaning mechanisms. The upper and lower seed cleaning devices only move outside the base circle where the seed suction hole 24 is located, and are responsible for cleaning the overcharged seeds above the seed suction hole 24. The middle seed cleaning device only moves inside the base circle where the seed suction hole 24 is located, and is responsible for cleaning the overcharged seeds below the seed suction hole 24. The overlap of the three seed scraping wheels 110 with the seed suction hole 24 will not exceed the base circle.

[0070] Three seed scraping wheels 110 are responsible for three different seed cleaning tasks. The curves of the seed cleaning devices are different for different seeds, and the adjustment ratios of the three seed cleaning devices are different. In this device, the worm gear maintains the same transmission ratio, and the lead screw 107 below the worm is a replaceable structure. By replacing the worm with a different pitch, different transmission ratios can be achieved, so that the same seed metering device can adapt to different seed sowing operations. When changing seeds for sowing, the seed box 3 and the front housing 29 of the seed metering device can be removed through the quick-release structure, and the corresponding seed metering disc 25 and lead screw 107 can be replaced. The sowing category can be switched in the system to perform other crop sowing operations, making it a multi-purpose machine.

[0071] In some embodiments, the seed box 3 is provided with a seed box cover 31, and the seed metering device housing 2 is provided with a quick-release buckle 32. The seed box 3 is detachably installed on the front side of the seed metering device housing 2 by means of the quick-release buckle 32.

[0072] During operation, the seed box 3 is installed with a snap-on structure, which makes it easy to disassemble and assemble, and easy to change different seeds.

[0073] In some embodiments, the negative pressure air chamber 4 is provided with an air chamber duct 42, and a negative pressure interface 41 connecting the air chamber duct 42 and the air supply source is provided on one side of the negative pressure air chamber 4. The air chamber duct 42 and the seed metering air chamber 211 are connected through a negative pressure opening 43.

[0074] During operation, the seed metering device is an air suction type seed metering device. A negative pressure air chamber 4 is installed at the rear of the seed metering device. The outlet of the seeder's negative pressure device is connected to the negative pressure interface of the seed metering device to provide negative pressure in the air chamber 211 of the seed metering device, which adsorbs the seeds onto the suction hole 24. The seeds are carried to the seeding area 74 as the seed metering disc 25 rotates. The air chamber at the rear of the seeding area 74 is interrupted. After the seeds reach the seeding area 74, the negative pressure disappears, and the seeds fall into the seeding port 22 by their own weight, completing the seed metering.

[0075] In some embodiments, the belt drive mechanism 5 includes a drive wheel 51 connected to the drive structure and a driven wheel 52 connected to the drive wheel 51 via a belt 53. The driven wheel 52 drives the seed metering disc 25 to rotate via a connecting shaft, and an encoder 54 is provided on the connecting shaft.

[0076] During operation, the seed metering device is connected to the drive wheel 51 of the seed metering device via the power output shaft of the seeder, providing power to the seed metering device. The drive wheel 51 transmits power to the driven wheel 52 via belt drive. The rotation of the driven wheel 52 drives the seed metering disc 25 to rotate to complete the seed metering. The power transmission adopts belt drive, which effectively avoids the impact of dusty and complex field environments. It has high transmission efficiency, is stable, and has a long service life. An encoder 54 was added to the rotating shaft of the seed metering disc 25 to detect the speed of the seed meterer in real time. The study found that the change in the speed of the seed meterer had a significant impact on the seed cleaning effect. Since the reseeding and missed seeding rates detected by the main control board may have a delay, when the encoder 54 detects a large change in speed, the main control board responds first and makes a pre-response adjustment based on the degree of speed change. Then, it makes a precise compensation adjustment based on the reseeding and missed seeding rates detected five seconds later, which reduces the motor response time and minimizes the impact of reseeding and missed seeding caused by changes in motor speed. When the speed of the seed metering disc 25 and the reseeding and missed seeding rates detected by the sensor change significantly at the same time, the reseeding and missed seeding data shall prevail, and no pre-response adjustment shall be made for the change in the speed of the seed metering disc 25.

[0077] In some embodiments, a seed metering disc gear 81 is fixedly disposed at the center of the seed metering disc 25. The teeth of the seed metering disc gear 81 are disposed on the end face near the front housing 29 and are meshed with a seed stirring rod gear 82. A seed stirring rod 84 is fixedly nested in the middle of the seed stirring rod gear 82. One end of the seed stirring rod 84 extends to the seed filling area 71, and the other end and the middle are rotatably fitted with a fixing seat 83. The fixing seat 83 is fixedly connected to the front housing 29. The seed stirring rod 84 rotates as the seed metering disc 25 rotates.

[0078] During operation, the seed metering disc 25 rotates, which drives the seed stirring rod 84 to rotate, preventing seeds from accumulating at the seed inlet 26 and increasing the mobility of the seed population.

[0079] In some embodiments, the seed metering device housing 2 is provided with a left ear plate 61 and a right ear plate 62 on both sides, and the seed metering device housing 2 is fixed to the seeding machine by the left ear plate 61 and the right ear plate 62.

[0080] The working process of this application:

[0081] Preliminary preparations: Open the quick-release buckle 32 to remove the seed box 3 and the front housing 29, clear the seeds from the last sowing, select the seeds for this sowing through the system controller, and replace the lead screw 107 corresponding to the new seeds. Rotate the ball nut and nut seat 108 on the lead screw 107 to the initial position, install the seed scraper 110, open the seed box cover 31 and put in the new seeds, and connect the seed metering device to the seeder through the left ear plate 61 and the right ear plate 62 with bolts.

[0082] After starting work, the power output of the seeder is connected to the drive shaft 51 of the seed metering device. The rotation of the drive shaft 51 drives the belt to move, and transmits the power to the seed metering disc 25 through the driven wheel 52. An encoder 54 is installed on the driven wheel 52 to monitor the rotation speed of the seed metering disc 25 in real time. The negative pressure device of the seeder starts to operate. It uses a negative pressure pipe to connect to the seed metering device through the negative pressure interface 41. The negative pressure gas provides negative pressure to the air chamber 211 of the seed metering device through the air chamber duct 42 and the negative pressure opening 43. The air chamber 211 of the seed metering device in the rear housing 28 covers the seed filling area 71, the self-weight seed cleaning area 72, and the seed cleaning area 73 of the seed metering disc.

[0083] When the seed metering disc 25 rotates, it simultaneously drives the seed metering disc gear 81 to rotate. The seed straightening rod gear 82 meshes with the seed metering disc gear 81 and rotates simultaneously. The seed stirring rod 84 is connected to the seed straightening rod gear 82 via a key connection and rotates synchronously with the seed straightening rod gear 82 to prevent the seeds in the seed box from getting clogged when passing through the seed inlet 26, thus affecting the flow of the seed population. The seed population enters the seed filling area 71 of the seed meterer from the seed box 3 through the seed inlet 26 and the seed stirring rod 84. The negative pressure of the air chamber adsorbs one or several seeds onto the seed suction hole 24. The seed metering disc 25 rotates counterclockwise, carrying the adsorbed seeds into the gravity-cleaning area 72. At this time, seeds that are not firmly adsorbed on the seed suction hole 24 will fall back into the filling area 71 due to insufficient suction. Subsequently, the seeds follow the seed metering disc 25. Rotate to the seed cleaning area 73 of the seed cleaning device, and pass through three seed scraping wheels 110 in sequence. The right seed cleaning device is responsible for cleaning the upper seed when both types of seeds are simultaneously adsorbed by the suction hole, the lower seed occupies a larger suction hole area and is firmly adsorbed, while the upper seed is an overfilled seed and the adsorption effect is poor. The middle seed cleaning device is responsible for cleaning the lower seed when both types of seeds are simultaneously adsorbed by the suction hole, the upper seed occupies a larger suction hole area and is firmly adsorbed, while the lower seed is an overfilled seed and the adsorption effect is poor. The lower seed cleaning device is responsible for cleaning the upper seed when both types of seeds are simultaneously adsorbed by the seed suction hole, the two types of seeds occupy similar areas, and the seeds have not been cleaned by the first two seed cleaning mechanisms. The cleaned seeds will fall downwards and be caught by the baffle 23, guiding them back to the seed filling area 71.

[0084] After passing through the double seed cleaning zone, the seeds are carried by the air suction of the seed metering tray to the seeding area 74. At this time, the rear air chamber no longer provides negative pressure, and the seeds undergo free fall motion due to their own gravity. They pass through the seed inlet 22 and enter the seed rewinding tube to complete the seed metering. When the seeds pass through the seed inlet 22, they also pass through the through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor 21. The through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor 21 has a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter emits a dense grating. When the seeds pass through, multiple optical fibers are blocked. At this time, the receiver cannot receive the signal. The receiver will output different voltage values ​​to the STM32 control board 14 according to the number of blocked optical fibers. The STM32 control board 14 determines the seed drop interval by the voltage change interval and judges the re-sowing and missed sowing by comparing the drop interval with the standard value. When the drop interval is less than 10% of the standard value, it is judged as a re-sowing. When the drop interval is greater than 10%, it is judged as a missed sowing. A standard value of 15% is considered a missed sowing, and when the number of light obstructions exceeds the number of seeds obstructed by a single seed, it is considered a reseeding where two seeds fall simultaneously. The STM32 control board 14 monitors the seed metering device's sowing qualification index in real time, with each group lasting 5 seconds. When a reseeding or missed sowing deviates from the qualification range within five seconds, the STM32 control board 14 will make a pre-response and drive the stepper motor to make pre-response adjustments based on the degree of reseeding or missed sowing. Then, it will monitor the reseeding or missed sowing rate in the next five-second interval for precise compensation adjustments. After the STM32 control board 14 sends the adjustment signal, it will transmit it to the fuzzy controller 15. The fuzzy controller 15 will control the stepper motor 101 to perform closed-loop adaptive adjustments based on the fuzzy PID algorithm through a pre-set fuzzy rule library to resist adjustment errors caused by vibration, wear of the seed cleaning mechanism, and other different working conditions during the seed metering device's operation.

[0085] When the fuzzy controller 15 receives the adjustment signal from the STM32 control board 14, it calls the fuzzy rules in the system and drives the stepper motor 101 to rotate for the corresponding number of steps. The power of the stepper motor 101 is transmitted to the active worm gear 102 through the motor drive shaft. The active worm gear 102 acts as a power output device to drive the left worm wheel 105 and the right worm wheel 106 to rotate. The rotation of the left worm wheel 105 and the right worm wheel 106 then acts as a power output device to drive the left driven worm gear 103 and the right driven worm gear 104 to rotate. A lead screw 107 is installed below the worm wheel. The lead screw 107 rotates synchronously with the worm. The ball nut and nut seat 108 installed on the lead screw 107 are restricted by the seed cleaning mechanism cover plate 11 and move horizontally along the direction of the lead screw 107. Through the fixed connecting rod 109, the seed scraping wheel 110 moves back and forth, changing the degree of overlap between the seed scraping wheel 110 and the seed suction hole 24 to change the seed cleaning effect.

[0086] When the reseeding rate is greater than the qualified index, it indicates that the overlap between the seed scraping wheel 110 and the seed suction hole 24 is too high. Drive the seed scraping wheel 110 to move away from the seed suction hole 24. When the missed seeding rate is greater than the qualified index, it indicates that the overlap between the seed scraping wheel 110 and the seed suction hole 24 is too low. Drive the seed scraping wheel 110 to move towards the seed suction hole 24 until it is adjusted to the position set by the system for the reseeding or missed seeding.

[0087] An encoder 54 is mounted on the driven wheel 52 of the seed metering device belt drive mechanism 5. When the encoder 54 detects a large change in the rotation speed of the seed metering disc 25, the STM32 control board 14 will make pre-adjustments based on the degree of rotation speed change, control the fuzzy controller 15 and the stepper motor 101 to make pre-response, give the fuzzy adjustment amount, and then make precise compensation adjustments based on the specific re-seeding and missed seeding rate changes detected by the through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor 21 in the following five seconds.

[0088] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-crop air-suction seed metering device for adaptive adjustment seed cleaning, characterized in that: The adaptive adjustment seed cleaning device for multiple crops includes a seed metering housing (2), a seed box (3) installed on the front side of the seed metering housing (2), a seed cleaning mechanism (1) installed on the side side, a negative pressure air chamber (4) for providing negative pressure to the air suction seed metering device and a belt drive mechanism (5) for providing power input to the seed metering device installed on the rear side of the seed metering housing (2), and a seed inlet (22) provided below the seed metering housing (2). A through-beam matrix fiber optic sensor (21) is installed at the seed inlet (22) to detect seed falling. The seed meter housing (2) includes: The front shell (29) and rear shell (28) form the seed-discharging chamber. The seed metering disc (25) installed in the seed metering chamber is driven to rotate by the belt drive mechanism (5); The seed dispensing chamber is divided into: a seed filling area (71) corresponding to the seed box (3), a self-weight seed cleaning area (72) corresponding to the negative pressure air chamber (4), a seed cleaning area (73) corresponding to the seed cleaning mechanism (1), and a seed dispensing area (74) corresponding to the seed dispensing port (22). The front shell (29) has a seed inlet (26) corresponding to the outlet of the seed box (3) corresponding to the seed feeding area (74). A partition (210) is provided between the seed inlet (26) and the seed feeding port (22). Seed suction holes (24) corresponding to the seed inlet (26) are evenly arranged around the seed metering tray (25). The rear shell (28) has a seed metering air chamber (211) spanning the seed filling area (71), the self-weight seed cleaning area (72), and the seed cleaning area (73). The seed metering air chamber (211) is connected to the negative pressure air chamber (4). The seed cleaning mechanism (1) includes a central control room (13) with a fuzzy controller (15) installed inside; and a seed cleaning chamber (12) connected to the seed dispensing chamber; wherein, a stepper motor (101) is installed in the seed cleaning chamber (12), and the stepper motor (101) is connected to a drive worm (102) through its drive shaft. A left worm wheel (105) and a right worm wheel (106) are respectively meshed on both sides of the drive worm (102). A left driven worm (103) is meshed on the other side of the left worm wheel (105), and a right driven worm (104) is meshed on the other side of the right worm wheel (106). The drive worm (102), the left driven worm (103), and the right driven worm (104) are connected in a series of interconnected components. The left worm gear (105) and right worm gear (106) are rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the seed cleaning chamber (12) via a rotating shaft. The ends of the driving worm (102), the left driven worm (103), and the right driven worm (104) are all connected to screws (107). A ball nut and a nut seat (108) are installed on the screw (107). A fixed connecting rod (109) is connected to the ball nut and the nut seat (108). A seed scraping wheel (110) is provided at the end of the fixed connecting rod (109). The seed scraping wheel (110) cooperates with the seed suction hole (24) of the seed cleaning area (73). The screw (107) is a replaceable structure. Different transmission ratios can be achieved by replacing screws with different pitches. The active worm (102), left driven worm (103), and right driven worm (104) are arranged at a 15° angle. The seed scraping wheel (110) corresponding to the active worm (102) moves only inside the base circle where the seed suction hole (24) is located, and is responsible for cleaning overcharged seeds below the seed suction hole (24). The seed scraping wheels (110) corresponding to the left driven worm (103) and right driven worm (104) move only outside the base circle where the seed suction hole (24) is located, and are responsible for cleaning overcharged seeds above the seed suction hole (24). A baffle (23) is provided in the seed feeding area (74). The baffle (23) is fixedly installed on the front housing (29), and its two ends are respectively arranged on the lower side of the seed scraping wheel (110) and in the seed filling area (71). The baffle (23) blocks the excess seeds that are removed and guides them back to the seed filling area (71) for re-filling.

2. The multi-crop air-suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjustment seed cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeding area (74) is provided with a pressure balancing hole (27) on the front shell (29).

3. The multi-crop air-suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjustment seed cleaning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The central control room (13) is also equipped with an STM32 control board (14); The seed cleaning chamber (12) is also equipped with a seed cleaning mechanism cover plate (11).

4. The multi-crop air-suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjusting seed cleaning device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The seed box (3) is provided with a seed box cover (31), and the seed metering device housing (2) is provided with a quick-release buckle (32). The seed box (3) is detachably installed on the front side of the seed metering device housing (2) by means of the quick-release buckle (32).

5. The multi-crop air-suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjusting seed cleaning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The negative pressure air chamber (4) is provided with an air chamber duct (42), and a negative pressure interface (41) connecting the air chamber duct (42) and the air supply source is provided on one side of the negative pressure air chamber (4). The air chamber duct (42) and the seed metering air chamber (211) are connected through a negative pressure opening (43).

6. The multi-crop air-suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjusting seed cleaning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The belt drive mechanism (5) includes a drive wheel (51) connected to the drive structure and a driven wheel (52) connected to the drive wheel (51) via a belt (53). The driven wheel (52) drives the seeding disc (25) to rotate via a connecting shaft, and an encoder (54) is provided on the connecting shaft.

7. The multi-crop air-suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjusting seed cleaning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The seed metering disc (25) is fixedly provided with a seed metering disc gear (81) at its center. The teeth of the seed metering disc gear (81) are located on the end face near the front housing (29) and are meshed with a seed stirring rod gear (82). A seed stirring rod (84) is fixedly nested in the middle of the seed stirring rod gear (82). One end of the seed stirring rod (84) extends to the seed filling area (71), and the other end and the middle are rotatably fitted with a fixed seat (83). The fixed seat (83) is fixedly connected to the front housing (29). The seed stirring rod (84) rotates as the seed metering disc (25) rotates.

8. The multi-crop air-suction seed metering device of the adaptive adjusting seed cleaning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The seed metering device housing (2) is provided with a left ear plate (61) and a right ear plate (62) on both sides. The seed metering device housing (2) is fixed to the seeding machine by the left ear plate (61) and the right ear plate (62).

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